^1996^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (No date): Trend Analysis of Selected Water Quality Constituents in the Verde River Basin, Central Arizona. On file, University of Arizona Library, Government Documents I19 42/4:90-4128.^^Verde River, Water Quality^other^:
^1996^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (several years): Newsclippings - Water Pollution. ASU Library Ephemera Collection.^^Water Quality^other^:
^1996^[Anon.]^Anon. (No date):Fort Lowell. Various papers concerning Fort Lowell, Manuscript (MS)266, Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^Papers include Army inspection reports ("Re: Water Supply") for Fort Lowell concerning Santa Cruz River and Rillito Creek in the 1880s.^Military, Rillito, Santa Cruz River, Water Supply^other^:
^1981^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1981): River Otter Reintroduction Planned for Verde. Wildlife Views (March), 4.^^Otter, Restoration, Verde River^article^:
^1977^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1977): Water For Phoenix: Building the Roosevelt Dam. Journal of Arizona History 18(3, Autumn), 279-294.^The dam was dedicated on March 18, 1911, by former President Theodore Roosevelt himself - the father of conservation in the United States. His party arrived at the Phoenix railroad station at 9:03 on the morning of the great day and he appeared at the door of his private car a few minutes later to respond to the cheers of the assembled multitude. Phoenix was prepared to do him honor: bunting - flags - school children with shining faces - the National Guard to keep order. Thirteen automobiles were waiting - an exciting spectacle itself in those days - to carry the dignitaries, local and national, first to the speaker's stand in front of the city hall and then to the dusty roads which led to the dam. The ceremonies were scheduled to begin at 4 p.m. and it was necessary to keep the vehicles moving. Box lunches had been provided and the caravan stopped for twenty minutes at Mormon Flat to consume them - then onward Again.^Construction, Phoenix, Roosevelt Dam, Salt River, Salt River Project, Water Supply^article^:
^1973^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1973): The San Carlos Story and Update. Arizona Daily Star, Tucson. 34 Pages.^^History, San Carlos^book^:
^1973^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1973): Ho for Arizona. Sheriff (October).^^Little Colorado River^article^:
^1962^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1962): An Adventure With the Arizona Mountain Men Who Tamed the Frontier Wilderness for Amazing Arizona. Arizona Development Board, Phoenix.^^Anglos, Beaver, Bill Williams River, Exploration^book^:
^1954^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1954): Pioneer Stories of Arizona's Verde Valley. Verde Valley Pioneers Association, Camp Verde, Arizona. 219 Pages.^^Agriculture, Anglos, Ranching, Verde River^book^:
^1947^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1947): The Tres Alamos Site on the San Pedro River. Carr Tuthill Amerind Foundation, Dragoon. 88 Pages.^^Archaeology, San Pedro River^book^:
^1942^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1942): Pioneering in the Verde Valley. Scenic Southwest (September), 3.^^Agriculture, Anglos, Ranching, Verde River^article^:
^1940^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1940): Arizona: A State Guide. Hastings House, New York.^^Description^book^:
^1932^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1932): Mosquitoes: Their Danger as a Menace to Health and the Importance of Their Control. Arizona Public Health News (September), 4-6.^The desire of the vast majority of intellectually enlightened people of today is for peace and utter freedom from strife in any form. The great nations of the modern world have created courts for the arbitration of international disputes, leagues purposed to adjust armaments, commerce, and other matters of universal interest, and finally they have signed binding pacts, forbidding them to war upon one another. Yet very few people outside the medical world have directed their attention to an enemy far more numerous and even more destructive to human lives than that which we are subjecting to outlawry by treaties and covenants. This enemy, because of his frequent, malicious attacks upon large populations, is a serious impediment to human health and progress. He poisons our foods and water and transmits dreaded disease among rich and poor alike. He acknowledges no international code of warfare and no laws for the protection of humanity. He is an enemy that must be dealt with directly and surely, and not approached by compromises. Moreover, it is impossible to make peace with him; to attempt to megotiate treaties with him or to force him to respect our national honor would be mere mockery. He is so persistent and unyielding in overcoming him. This malevolent enemy is the familiar Mosquito.^Disease, Mosquitoes^article^:
^1929^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1929): Quality of the Water of the Colorado River in 1926-1928. manuscript, Hayden Papers, ASU Library.^^Colorado River, Water Quality^other^:
^1920^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1920): Report on Indian Agriculture, Trip to Oraibi, Hotaville and Bacobi, August 22, 23, 24, and To Keams Canyon and Polacca, October 1st and 2nd, 1920. Manuscript on file at Special Collections Library, University of Arizona, Tucson.^Agriculture among the Hopi.^Agriculture, Hopi Indians^other^:
^1914^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1914): St. Johns - A Prosperous Town Without a Railroad. Arizona (February).^^Agriculture, Anglos, Little Colorado River, Mormons^article^:
^1909^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1909): Drillers Tap Water. Arizona Daily Star (May 21).^^Verde River, Water Supply^article^:
^1908^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1908): Arizona and the Salt River Valley. Norman Pierce Company, New York.^The Salt River Valley, which is situated in Maricopa County, Arizona, offers special inducements to the farmer, the investor and the home seeker; and the object of this publication is to call the attention of those who are seeking investments and homes to the rare opportunities offered Here.^Agriculture, Salt River, Urbanization^book^:
^1885^[Anon.]^Anon. (1885):Prospectus of the Calabasas, Tucson and North Western Railroad Company, and the Arizona Cattle and Improvement Company. Martin B. Brown, New York.^^Cattle, History, Railroads, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1884^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1884): History of Arizona Territory. 1864 reprint ed. Northland Press, Flagstaff, Arizona.^^History^book^:
^1880^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1880): Upper Santa Cruz Valley. Arizona Quarterly Illustrated (October), 20. (On file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson [#1578]).^^Nogales, Pima County, Santa Cruz County, Santa Cruz River^article^:
^1880^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1880): Trip to San Jose. Arizona Daily Star (August 18).^^Anglos, Gila River, Travel^article^:
^1863^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1863): Stopping Places. Alto California (September 26).^^Hassayampa River, Travel^article^:
^1848^Abert, J.W.^Abert, J.W. (1848): Report of Lieut. J. W. Abert of his Examination of New Mexico in the Years 1846-47. (U.S. Senate Executive Document, No. 23.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 132 Pages.^^Biology, Birds, Exploration, Military^book^:
^1989^Abruzzi, William Stewart^Abruzzi, William Stewart (1989): Ecology, Resources Redistribution and Mormon Settlement in Northeastern Arizona. American Anthropologist 91, 642-655.^^Ecology, Human Impact, Little Colorado River, Mormons^article^:
^1981^Abruzzi, William Stewart^Abruzzi, William Stewart (1981): Ecological Succession and Mormon Colonization in the Little Colorado River Basin. Ph.D. Dissertation, State University of New York, Binghampton.^^Dams, Environmental Change, Little Colorado River, Mormons^other^:
^1979^Accomozzo, Betty^Accomozzo, Betty (Ed.) (1979): Arizona National Ranch Histories of Living Pioneer Stockmen. Arizona National Cattlegrowers Association, Phoenix, Arizona.^^Biography, Cattle, Ranching^book^:
^1982^Ackerly, Neal W.^Ackerly, N.W. (1982): Irrigation, Water Allocation Strategies, and the Hohokam Collapse. The Kiva, 47, 91-106.^^Agriculture, Environmental Change, Hohokam, Irrigation, Population Decline^article^:
^1930^Adams, F.^Adams, F. (1930): Progress Report of Special Colorado River Investigations. 71st Congress, 2nd Session, Washington, D. C. 94-158 pages. (House Doc. 359).^^Colorado River, Environmental Change^book^:
^1930^Adams, Ward R.^Adams, Ward R. (1930): History of Arizona. (Series Ed: Sloan, Hon Richard E.) Record Publishing Company, Phoenix.^^Description, History^book^:
^1960^Adams, William Y.^Adams, William Y. (1960): Ninety Years of Glen Canyon Archaeology 1869-1959. (Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin, No. 33.) Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff.^^Archaeology, Glen Canyon, History^book^:
^1979^Agricultural Research Service^Agricultural Research Service. (1979): 60 Years of Change on a Central Arizona Woodland Ecotone. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Agricultural Research Service.^^Vegetation Change, Woodlands^book^:
^1975^Aguirre, Yginio F.^Aguirre, Yginio F. (1975): Echoes of the Conquistadores: Stock Raising in Spanish Mexican Times. Journal of Arizona History 16(3), 267-286.^^Grazing, Spanish^article^:
^1976^Aitchison, Stewart W.^Aitchison, Stewart W. (1976): Human Impact on the Grand Canyon. Down River Magazine 3(2), 4-7.^^Colorado River, Dams, Grand Canyon, Human Impact^article^:
^1976^Aitchison, Stewart W.^Aitchison, Stewart W. (1976): Campsite Usage and Impact. In: An Ecological Survey of the Riparian Zone of the Colorado River Between Lees Ferry and the Grand Wash Cliffs, Arizona: Final Research Report. (Eds: Carothers, Steven W., & Stewart W. Aitchison) (Colorado River Research Program, Report 10.) U.S. National Park Service, Washington, D. C., 155-172.^^Colorado River, Human Impact, Recreation^chapter^:
^1993^Alcock,John^Alcock,John (1993):The Masked Bobwhite Rides Again. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson & London. 186 Pages.^^Endangered Species, Human Impact, Sonoran Desert, Wildlife^book^:
^1950^Aldrich, Lorenzo D.^Aldrich, Lorenzo D. (1950): A Journal of the Over-land Route to California and the Gold Mines. Dawson's Book Shop, Los Angeles, California.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Gila River, Journals, Mining, Travel^book^:
^1989^Alexander, B.;Ronco, Jr, F;Fitzhugh, E. L.;Ludwig, J. A.^Alexander, B., F. Ronco, Jr., E.L. Fitzhugh & J.A. Ludwig (1989): Roots of the Arizona Livestock Industry. Rangelands 11, 9-13.^^Grazing, History, Ranching^article^:
^1990^Aljamal, Ali D.;Vionnet, Leticia^Aljamal, Ali D. & Leticia Vionnet (1990): Phase I of the Upper San Pedro Basin Study: Data Base. Water Resources Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson.^"The Upper San Pedro Basin Study comprises two Phases. This report concluded Phase I of the study. The objectives of the Phase I were to locate, collect, compile and sort all existing information in the study area. A data base was established with the information gathered, which is going to be used in the second Phase of the study by a interdisciplinary group of investigators and students who will try to develop suitable and effective management options in the study area. Another goal in this Phase was to detect data availability and possible data gaps. Those findings will help to focus the effort of further research in some particular issues within the Basin."^Bibliography, San Pedro River^book^:
^1895^Allen, J. A.^Allen, J.A. (1895): On A Collection of Mammals from Arizona and New Mexico. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 7(June), 193-274.^^Biology, Mammals^article^:
^1892^Allen, J. A.^Allen, J.A. (1892): The Geographic Distribution of North American Mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 4, 199-242.^^Biogeography, Mammals, Surveys^article^:
^1891^Allen, J. A.^Allen, J.A. (1891): Notes on New or Little-Known North American Mammals, Based on Recent Additions to the Collection of Mammals in the American Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 3, 263-310.^^Mammals, Surveys^article^:
^1989^Allen, Larry S.^Allen, Larry S. (1989):Roots of the Arizona Livestock Industry. Rangelands 11(1, February), 9-13.^Four and a half centureis ago a 38-year-old Franciscan monk crossed the present international border somewhere near the headwaters of the San Pedro, and the European influence began in Southern Arizona. Fray Marcos de Niza, an Italian, was dispatched by Spanish Viceroy Don Antonio de Mendoza in the name of King Charles V for exploration and spread of the Christian doctrine among the native Americans. Many historians suspect that Mendoza was motivated more by a desire for gold than any true missionary Fervor.^Cattle, Grazing, History, Sheep, Spanish^article^:
^1987^Allen, Marion V.^Allen, Marion V. (1987): Rio Colorado and Parker Dam. River City Printing and Publishing, Redding, CA. 145 Pages.^^Colorado River, Parker Dam^book^:
^1996^Allison, Warren^Allison, Warren (No date): Pioneer Days in Tucson. Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^My father, George Allison, and my mother, Mary Jane Owens Allison, lived on a farm in Solano County, California, and there I was born September 23, 1857. This farm was located about four miles south of a town called Silveyville. I went to a private school there for about four years. In our family there were four boys; Charles; Francis; Warren and Julious, and one girl named Kate. After our father sold the farm, we moved to a town called Dixon. In about 1867 the railroad was built from Valejo to Sacramento. After this railraod was built, it drew the business from Silveyville to the railroad town of Dixon. Silveyville then became a ghost town and is not on the maps Today.^Anglos, Santa Cruz River, Tucson^other^:
^1974^Allyn, Joseph Pratt^Allyn, Joseph Pratt (1974): The Arizona of Joseph Pratt Allyn: Letters from a Pioneer Judge - Observations and Travels, 1863-1866. (Series Ed: Nicolson, John.) The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Gila River, Hassayampa River, Mining, Rio Puerco, Santa Cruz River, Travel^book^:
^1979^Alonso, R. C.^Alonso, R.C. (1979): Desert Grassland Mesquite and Fire. University of Arizona, Tucson. (PhD Dissertation)^Some ecological and physiological reactions of velvet mesquite, Emory oak, blue grama, and sideoats grama to high temperatures are Reported.^Fire, Grasslands, Mesquite Trees^book^:
^1977^Ames, C. R.^Ames, C.R. (1977): Along the Mexico Border: Then and Now. Journal of Arizona History 18, 431-446.^^Surveys, U.s.-mexico Border, Vegetation^article^:
^1977^Ames, Charles R.^Ames, Charles R. (1977): Wildlife Conflicts in Riparian Management: Grazing. In: The Importance, Preservation and Management of the Riparian Habitat. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy & Dale A. Jones) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, GTR-RM43.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, 49-58.^Grazing has a negative impact on riparian zones. These zones constitute a small but critically important part of the range resource. The riparian types in southern Arizona have increased from what they were 100 years ago. The increase has occurred through stream eutrophication and is most noticable where the streams pass through the grassland type. Protection of the riparian type where grazing is an established use can only be effectively achieved through Fencing.^Grazing, Wildlife^chapter^:
^1934^Anderson, A. H.^Anderson, A.H. (1934): The Arizona State List Since 1914. Condor 36, 78-83.^^Birds, Surveys^article^:
^1990^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Anderson, Bertin W. & Robert D. Ohmart (1990): Response of Wildlife to Strip-Clearing Riparian Vegetation. Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nevada. (Contract No.1-07-34-X0176)^^Colorado River, Vegetation Removal, Wildlife^book^:
^1986^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Anderson, Bertin W. & Robert D. Ohmart (1986): Evaluation of the Impact of Vegetation Removal, Final Report. Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nevada.^^Human Impact, Vegetation Removal^book^:
^1985^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Anderson, Bertin W. & Robert D. Ohmart (1985): Habitat Use by Clapper Rails in the Lower Colorado River Valley. Condor 87, 116-125.^Densities of the Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris yumanensis) were determined in marshy situations in the lower Colorado River valley in all seasons. We conducted a study to quantify environmental variables important to rails within censused areas along the 450 km of the lower Colorado River north of Mexico in order to learn more about their year-round habitat requirements. Quantified vegetation variables from 40 marsh areas were subjected to principal components analysis; four principal components collectively accounted for 75 , of the variance. Habitat breadths of rails were broadest in summer and narrowest in winter. Marshes with the highest rail densities in one season tended to have large rail densities year-round. The converse was true for marshes with low densities. In the first of two analyses, 27 of the marshes (each censused monthly for two years) were used to determine rail associations with the vegetation principal components (PCs). Spearman rank correlations of rail densities with PCs revealed that rails were associated primarily with denser marsh vegetation (PC I) at all seasons. This outcome was tested and confirmed with data from 13 marshes censused during summer 1976 that were not included in the first analysis. One reed and two cattail marshes of moderate foliage density consistently had more rails than expected. Size of marsh (2-29 ha) and bank slope into the water were apparently unrelated to density of rails per 10 ha. Censuses from this and unpublished recovery team studies suggest a rail population of about 750 birds for the lower Colorado River north of Mexico.^Birds, Colorado River, Ecosystems, Endangered Species, Habitat, Wetlands^article^:
^1984^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Anderson, Bertin W. & Robert D. Ohmart (1984): Avian Use of Revegetated Riparian Zones. In: California Riparian Systems: Ecology, Conservation, and Productive Management. (Eds: Warner, R.E. & K.M. Hendrix) University of California Press, Berkeley, 626-633.^^Birds, Habitat, Restoration, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1982^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Anderson, Bertin W. & Robert D. Ohmart (1982): Revegetation for Wildlife Enhancement Along the Lower Colorado River, Final report. Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nevada.^^Colorado River, Restoration, Wildlife^book^:
^1982^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Anderson, Bertin W. & Robert D. Ohmart (1982): The Influence of the Interspersion of Agriculture and Natural Habitats on Wildlife in Southern California and Western Arizona, Comprehensive Final Report. Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nevada.^^Agriculture, Colorado River, Habitat, Wildlife^book^:
^1979^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Anderson, Bertin W. & Robert D. Ohmart (1979): Riparian Revegetation: An Approach to Mitigating for a Disappearing Habitat in the Southwest. In: The Mitigation Symposium: A National Workshop on Mitigating Losses of Fish and Wildlife Habitats. (Ed: Swanson, G.A.) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-65.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 481-487.^^Habitat, Restoration, Riparian Areas, Species Decline, Wildlife^chapter^:
^1978^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Anderson, Bertin W. & Robert D. Ohmart (1978): Agriculture/Natural Habitats Literature Review of Agriculture-Wildlife Relationships. Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nevada.^^Agriculture, Bibliography, Habitat, Wildlife^book^:
^1977^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Anderson, Bertin W. & Robert D. Ohmart (1977): Vegetation Structure and Bird Use in the Lower Colorado River Valley. In: The Importance, Preservation and Management of the Riparian Habitat: Proceedings of the Symposium. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy; & Jones, Dale A.) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, GTR-RM43.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, 23-34.^Data from riparian communities along the lower Colorado river are used in discussing relationships between the avifauna and the structure of plant communities. Correlations between bird population parameters and vegetation structural characteristics were found to vary seasonally. The mean habitat breadth of all species is narrowest with respect to vegetative structure in winter and broadest in summer; permanent residents occupy the structural types more evenly than visitors. The habitat breadth of various species is greater in summer than winter. Narrower habitat breadths are accompanied by reduced habitat overlap among the species in winter, suggesting that winter is potentially the time of greatest stress. Permanent residents tend to be less specialized with respect to structure than visitors. These facts suggest that since winter requirements are different from but equally as important as breeding requirements, they should receive at least equal attention. The requirements of wintering visitors should receive special attention becaues they showed a higher degree of habitat specialization than permanent Residents.^Birds, Colorado River, Ecosystems, Habitat, Migration, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1984^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.;Allen, Jr, HA^Anderson, Bertin W., Robert D. Ohmart & H.A. Allen, Jr. (1984): Riparian Birds in Riparian/Agri-cultural Edge Interface. In: California Riparian Systems: Ecology, Conservation, and Productive Management. (Eds: Warner, R.E. & K.M. Hendrix) University of California Press, Berkeley, 190-195.^^Agriculture, Birds, Colorado River^chapter^:
^1978^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.;Disano, J.^Anderson, Bertin W., Robert D. Ohmart & J. Disano (1978): Revegetating the Riparian Floodplain for Wildlife. In: Strategies for Protection and Management of Floodplain Wetlands and Other Riparian Ecosystems. (Proceedings of the Sym-posium) (Eds: Johnson, R.R. & J.F. McCormick) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, WO-12.) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Callaway Gardens, Georgia, 318-331.^"A two-phased study of riparian vegetation-wildlife interactions in the lower Colorado River is described. Efforts were directed at discovery of vegetative characteristics to which bird populations were responding in the first phase; this leads to the second phase, a discovery that horizontal and vertical foliage diversity and presence of cottonwood or willow trees were correlated witht he number of species in an Area."^Colorado River, Restoration, Riparian Areas, Wildlife^chapter^:
^1972^Anderson, H.^Anderson, H. (1972): A Bibliography of Arizona Ornithology. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Bibliography, Birds^book^:
^1987^Anderson, L. S.;Ruffner, G. A.^Anderson, L.S. & G.A. Ruffner (1987): Effects of the Post-Glen Canyon Dam Flow Regime on the Old High-Water Line Plant Community Along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. (Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Technical Report.) U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Salt Lake City.^^Colorado River, Geomorphology, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1994^Anderson, Mike^Anderson, Mike (1994): Effects of Government Authority on Traditional Flood Responses: The Havasupai Indians at Supai, Arizona. Paper presented to Arizona Historical Society Convention (on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^Researchers of natural hazards and disasters have been criticized for their attention to events within developed nations and for an almost single-minded emphasis placed on monetary costs. Critics point to a need to study disaster effects on Third World nations whose development has been dramatically altered by the intrusive policies of the First World. Benefactor nations such as the United States, often through an earnest desire to improve the quality of life in underdeveloped countries, have attempted to superimpose cash market economies over traditional lifeways, expecting the receiving nations to somehow mimic the affluence of the sending nation. Contrary to this expectation, traditional survival strategies in times of natural disaster often break down under the new economic arrangements, leaving the underdeveloped nation socially as well as economically impoverished and ever more dependent of the First World for disaster Recovery.^Colorado River, Floods, Havasupai, Supai^other^:
^1979^Anderson, T. W.;White, Natalie D.^Anderson, T.W. & Natalie D. White (1979): Statistical Summaries of Arizona Streamflow Data. (U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations, No. 79-5.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^San Pedro River, Streamflow, Surveys^book^:
^1988^Andrade, E.;Sellers, W.^Andrade, E. & W. Sellers (1988): El Niño and its Effect on Precipitation in Arizona. Journal of Climatology 8, 403-410.^^Climate, Precipitation^article^:
^1937^Andrews, D. A.^Andrews, D.A. (1937): Ground Water in Avra-Altar Valley, Arizona. (U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper, 796-E.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^Avra-altar Valley, Groundwater^book^:
^1996^Anning, D. W.;Duet, N. R.^Anning, D.W. & N.R. Duet (Issued periodically): Summary of Ground-Water Conditions in Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey in Cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources, Tucson, Arizona. (U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report).^^Groundwater^book^:
^1962^Antevs, Ernst^Antevs, Ernst (1962): Late Quaternary Climates in Arizona. American Antiquity 28, 193-198.^^Climate, Paleoclimatology^article^:
^1952^Antevs, Ernst^Antevs, Ernst (1952): Arroyo-Cutting and Filling. Journal of Geology 60, 375-385.^Arroyos are the vertical-walled, flat-floored channels of ephemeral streams of the semiarid southwest formed both since 1880 and during some past ages. Arroyo-cutting takes place because the plant and soil mantle is poor or destroyed and permits the water of violent showers to run off too fast and form torrents in trails, ruts, ditches, and stream beds. Filling occurs when the runoff is slowed by vegetation so that it drops its load. Thus both cutting and filling are controlled mainly by the condition of the plant cover, whose natural control, in turn, was moisture. Vegetation was poor, and channeling took place during droughts, filling occurred during climatic transitions, and soil formation during relatively moist ages. The modern impairment of the vegetation coincided with a great increase in livestock and is a consequence of overgrazing and human activities. It is not a result of drought, for the primeval vegetation still remains or has recovered in areas protected from livestock. Arroyo-cutting was caused mainly by drought in the past and by overgrazing since 1875. Past arroyo-filling was caused by a moderate moisture Increase.^Arroyos, Erosion, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1856^Antisell, T.^Antisell, T. (1856): Geological Report. Pacific Railroad Exploration and Survey 7, 1-204.^^Exploration, Geology, Railroads^article^:
^1974^Arizona Department of Environmental Planning^Arizona Department of Environmental Planning (1974): Bibliography on Arizona Land Use and Resource Information. Arizona Department of Environmental Planning, Phoenix.^^Bibliography, Land Use^book^:
^1994^Arizona Department of Environmental Quality^Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (1994):Arizona Water Quality Assessment 1994. Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Phoenix. 300 Pages.^^Rivers, Surface Water, Water Quality^book^:
^1993^Arizona Department of Environmental Quality^Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (1993): Evaluation of Activities Occurring in Riparian Areas. Nonpoint Source Unit, Water Assessment Section, Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Phoenix.^^Riparian Areas, Water Quality^book^:
^1977^Arizona Department of Health Services^Arizona Department of Health Services (1977): Water Quality Management Basin Plan - Colorado Main Stem River. Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix. 344 Pages.^^Colorado River, Water Quality^book^:
^1977^Arizona Department of Health Services^Arizona Department of Health Services (1977): Water Quality Management Basin Plan - Salt River Basin. Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix. 324 Pages.^^Salt River, Water Quality^book^:
^1976^Arizona Department of Health Services^Arizona Department of Health Services (1976): Water Quality Management Basin Plan - Little Colorado River. Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix. 439 Pages.^^Little Colorado River, Water Quality^book^:
^1991^Arizona Department of Water Resources^Arizona Department of Water Resources (1991):Second Management Plan, 1990-2000: Tucson Active Management Area. Arizona Department of Water Resources, Phoenix. 322 Pages.^^Groundwater, Santa Cruz River, Water Supply^book^:
^1983^Arizona Department of Water Resources^Arizona Department of Water Resources (1983): Appraisal of Water Resources in the Upper Verde River Area, Yavapai and Coconino Counties. (Arizona Department of Water Resources Bulletin, No. 2.) Arizona Department of Water Resources, Phoenix. 219 Pages.^^Coconino County, Verde River, Water Supply, Yavapai County^book^:
^1995^Arizona Game & Fish Department^Arizona Game & Fish Department (1995):Heritage Data Management System. List of Special Status plant and animal species listed on the HDMS database for the Santa Cruz River Valley, obtained from Sherry Ruther, Habitat Specialist (Tucson Office), November 20, 1995.^Information contained in the Department's HDMS is dynamic and updated on a periodic basis. Any information, therefore, is likely to become outdated shortly after its release. Such information is intended to serve as a guide regarding what species may be found in a particular area. It does not represent the results of comprehensive species-specific Surveys.^Endangered Species, Human Impact, Santa Cruz River, Vegetation, Wildlife^other^:
^1996^Arizona Game and Fish Department^Arizona Game and Fish Department (Issued periodically): Statewide Fisheries Investigations. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Tucson.^^Fish, Water Quality^book^:
^1988^Arizona Game and Fish Department^Arizona Game and Fish Department (1988): Threatened Native Wildlife in Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix.^^Endangered Species, Wildlife^book^:
^1996^Arizona Historical Society^Arizona Historical Society (Not applicable):[Photos]. Historic photos and brief accompanying information regarding the Santa Cruz River...Warner's Mill...Warner's Lake. On file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson, Photo Collection, "Places - Tucson - Warner's Lake" and "Places - Tucson - Businesses - Milling Companies".^^Lakes, Santa Cruz River^other^:
^1980^Arizona Historical Society^Arizona Historical Society (1980): The Chinese Experience in Arizona. Arizona Historical Society, Tucson. 86 Pages.^^Agriculture, Chinese, History^book^:
^1881^Arizona Information Company^Arizona Information Company (1881): The Resources of Arizona. The Arizona Information Company, Florence, Arizona. 71 pages.^Description of grasses; tells of difficult conditions before Indians were put on reservation; early markets; sheep industry; number of cattle and sheep in different counties in 1881.^Cattle, Grasses, Grazing, Indians, Sheep^book^:
^1890^Arizona Journal-Miner^Arizona Journal-Miner (1890): The Storm. Arizona Journal Miner 33(129, February 21).^Talks about the unprecedented rainstorm which flooded all the creeks. The dam collapsed later that Night.^Dam Collapse, Floods, Hassayampa River, Precipitation, Walnut Grove Dam^article^:
^1990^Arizona Riparian Council^Arizona Riparian Council (1990): Protection and Enhancement of Riparian Ecosystems: An Annotated Bibliography. Arizona Riparian Council, Protection and Enhancement Committee, Tempe. 57 pages.^"The protection and Enhancement Committee of the Arizona Riparian Council began this project in 1986 in order to assist those working in riparian areas. The purpose was to provide a literature review that pertained to protecting and enhancing riparian areas, particularly in the Southwest region. The literature reviewed in this bibliography was selected by availability and applicability. It is recognized that this review is not a thorough compilation or riparian ecosystem research. Assistance by those using this document is asked i acquiring and/or notifying pertainent articles so revisions can be Made."^Bibliography, Preservation, Restoration, Riparian Areas^book^:
^1991^Arizona Rivers Coalition^Arizona Rivers Coalition (1991): Arizona Rivers: Lifeblood of the Desert. Arizona Rivers Coalition, Phoenix. 197 Pages.^^Wild & Scenic Rivers^book^:
^1984^Arizona State Genealogical Society^Arizona State Genealogical Society (1984):How It All Began . . . And Then Some! Copper State Bulletin 19(3 & 4, Fall/Winter), 78-80.^Subtitled "Early Arizona Settlements"^Santa Cruz River, Settlement^article^:
^1989^Arizona State Parks^Arizona State Parks (1989): Arizona Rivers, Streams, & Wetlands Study. Arizona State Lands Department, Phoenix.^^Description, Recreation, Rivers, Wetlands^book^:
^1975^Arizona State Water Commission^Arizona State Water Commission (1975): Arizona State Water Plan, Inventory of Resources and Uses. Office of Arid Land Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Groundwater, Surface Water, Water Management, Water Supply^book^:
^1974^Arizona State Water Commission;U.S. Department of Agriculture^Arizona State Water Commission & U.S. Department of Agriculture (1974): Map: Water Level Change, 1940-1970 and Earth Fissure Zones, Santa Cruz-San Pedro River Basins. Arizona State Water Commission and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Phoenix.^^Geomorphology, Maps, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Water Loss^book^:
^1964^Arlington, G.^Arlington, G. (1964): Valley in a Time Magazine Desert (October), 19-21.^^Hassayampa River^article^:
^1974^Armijo, Lou^Armijo, Lou (1974): The Wild Gila. Southwest Heritage 4(2, Summer), 2-8.^^Gila River, History, Human Impact^article^:
^1899^Armstrong, A. A.^Armstrong, A.A. (1899): Report of the Ft. Apache Agent. Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Washington, D. C.^^Exploration, Military, White Mountain Apaches, White Mountains, White River^book^:
^1937^Arnold, O.^Arnold, O. (1937): Wild Life in the Southwest. B. Upshaw and Co., Dallas. 274 Pages.^^Anglos, Journals, Travel^book^:
^1907^Arnold, Ralph^Arnold, Ralph (1907): The Late History of the Lower Colorado River. Science 25, 390-391.^^Colorado River^article^:
^1988^Asplund, Kenneth K.;Gooch, M. T.^Asplund, Kenneth K. & M.T. Gooch (1988): Geomorphology and the Distributional Ecology of Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii) in a Desert Riparian Canyon. Desert Plants 9, 17-27.^^Cottonwood-willow Forests, Ecology, Geomorphology^article^:
^1988^Athern, F. J.^Athern, F.J. (1988): Habitat in the Past: Historical Perspectives of Riparian Zones on the White River. (Cultural Resource Series, No. 23.) Colorado State Office, Bureau of Land Management, Denver.^^habitat, Riparian Areas, Vegetation Change, White River^book^:
^1994^Auble, G. T.;Friedman, J. M.;Scott, M. L.^Auble, G.T., J.M. Friedman & M.L. Scott (1994): Relating Riparian Vegetation to Present and Future Streamflows. Ecological Applications 4, 544-554.^^Riparian Areas, Streamflow, Vegetation^article^:
^1938^Aubry, Fran‡ois Xavier^Aubry, Fran&231ois Xavier (1938): Diaries of Fran&231ois Xavier Aubry, 1853-1854. In: Exploring Southwestern Trails, 1846-1854. Vol. 7. (Eds: Bieber, R.P. & A.B. Bender) Arthur H. Clark Co., Glendale, California, 353-383.^^Anglos, Beaver, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Exploration, Gila River, Little Colorado River^chapter^:
^1984^Audubon, John Woodhouse^Audubon, John Woodhouse (1984): Audubon's Western Journal 1849-1850. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.^Being the MS. record of a trip from New York to Texas, and an overland journey through Mexico and Arizona to the gold-fields of California.^Anglos, Exploration, Journals, Wildlife^book^:
^1897^Audubon, M. R.^Audubon, M.R. (1897): Audubon and His Journals. Charles Scribner's Sons Publishing, New York.^^Anglos, Exploration, Journals, Wildlife^book^:
^1995^August,Jr,Jack L.^August,Jr,Jack L. (1995):A Vision in the Desert: Charles Trumbull Hayden, Salt River Pioneer. Journal of Arizona History 36(2, Summer), 109-134.^"As he approached the south side of the flooding Salt River in 1866, Tucson trader and probate judge Chalres Trumbull Hayden realized that he would not be able to cross. Forty-one years old and well-traveled, he had never journeyed north of the Gila. Before leaving Tucson for Fort Whipple, he had stopped along the gila and conferred with Pima Indians who informed him that the best crossing of the Salt was at a place where a large and a small butte stodd opposite rocky hills on the north side of the river. With little else to do but wait out the high water, Hayden climbed the larger of the two buttes. From his vantage point, 300 feet above the desert floor, he looked out over a wide stretch of inhospitable desert landscape. Stranded for two days atop the butte, he contemplated the forty-mile-wide valley that lay before Him."^Ferries, Salt River^article^:
^1943^Averbach, H. S.^Averbach, H.S. (1943): Father Escalante's Journal. Utah Historical Quarterly 11, 27-113.^"Journal and itinerary of the Reverend Fathers Fray Francisco Atanasio Dominguez and Fray Silvestre Velez de Escalante concerning the discovery of the route from Presidio de Santa Fe del Nuevo-Mexico to Monterey, in Northern California. Translation from the Spanish prepared by Herbert S. Auerbach from the orginal published volume, 'Documentos para la Historia de Mexico' (Vol. 1 of Series 2), Mexico City, 1854. 'Diaria y derrotero de los R. R. P. P. Fr. Francisco Atanasio Dominguez y Fr. Silvestre Velez de Escalante, para desubrir el camino desde el Presidio de Santa Fe del Nuevo-Mexico, al de Monterey, en la California Septentrional.'"^Exploration, Spanish, Trails/roads^article^:
^1992^Averett, Robert C.;Taylore, Howard E.^Averett, Robert C. & Howard E. Taylore (1992): Biological Water Quality in the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon, Arizona abstract. North American Benthological Society Bulletin 9(1), 101.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Water Quality^article^:
^1950^Axelrod, Daniel I.^Axelrod, Daniel I. (1950): Evolution of Desert Vegetation in Western North America. In: Studies in Late Tertiary Paleobotany. (Ed: Axelrod, Daniel I.) Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C., 215-306.^^Paleobotany, Plant Geography, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1981^Axtell, James^Axtell, James (1981): The European and the Indian, Essays in the Ethnohistory of Colonial North America. Oxford University Press, Oxford.^^Ethnoecology, Ethnology, History, Human Impact, Indians^book^:
^1992^Ayer, H.^Ayer, H. (1992): Free Trade Agreement: Implications for Agriculture and Natural Resources; Ecology and Management of Oak and Associated Woodlands: Perspectives in the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico. In: Ecology and Management of Oak and Associated Woodlands: Perspectives in the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico. (Eds: Ffolliott, Peter F., D.A. Gottfried, D.A. Bennet, V.M. Hernandez, A. Ortega-Rubio & Robert Hamre) USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-218, Fort Collins, 5-16.^Possible impacts and relative advantages of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) to the U.S.A. and Mexico are Discussed.^Agriculture, Ecology, Forests/woodlands, Government, Oaks, U.s.-mexico Border^chapter^:
^1993^Ayres, James E.^Ayres, James E. (1993): Life on a 1930s Homestead: Historical Archaeological Investigations of the Brown Homestead on the Middle Agua Fria River, Yavapai County, Arizona. (SWCA Anthropological Research Paper, No. 2.) SWCA, Inc., Flagstaff & Tucson.^^Agua Fria River, Anglos, Archaeology, Ranching^book^:
^1984^Ayres, James E.;Stone, Lyle^Ayres, James E. & Lyle Stone (1984): Evaluation of Historic Cultural Resources in Relation to the Central Arizona Water Control Study. Archaeological Research Service, Phoenix, Arizona.^^Archaeology, Culture, Surveys^book^:
^1976^Babbitt, B.^Babbitt, Bruce (1976): The Grand Canyon: An Anthology. Northland Press, Flagstaff, Arizona. 258 Pages.^^Anthology/proceedings, Colorado River, Grand Canyon^book^:
^1995^Bahre, Conrad J.^Bahre, Conrad J. (1995):Human Disturbance and Vegetation in Arizona's Chiricahua Mountains in 1902. Desert Plants 11(4), 41-45.^During a visit to the National Archives in Washington, D.C., I found a 1902 map of southeastern Arizona's Chricahua Mountains. I had searched for nearly a decade for this map drawn by Albert F. Potter when he and Royal S. Kellogg were sent by the Forestry Bureau of the General Land Office (GLO) to the Arizona Territory. Their purpose was to determine the feasibility of establishing the Chiricahua Forest Reserve. They spent one week in April in the northern part of the Chiricahuas at Brannock Riggs' sawmill in Barfoot Park and one week in May in the southern part of the range at the Benton and Woolf ranch in Tex Canyon. The result of their investigation - favoring a reserve - is contained in 'Report of an Examination of the Chiricahua Mountains in Arizona.'...^Chiricahuas, Exploration, Fire, Fuelwood, Grazing, Logging, Mining^article^:
^1991^Bahre, Conrad J.^Bahre, Conrad J. (1991): A Legacy of Change: Historic Human Impact on Vegetation in the Arizona Borderlands. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Human Impact, U.s.-mexico Border, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1987^Bahre, Conrad J.^Bahre, Conrad J. (1987): Wild Hay Harvesting in Southern Arizona: A Casualty of the March of Progress. Journal of Arizona History 28, 69-78.^^Agriculture, Wild Hay Harvesting^article^:
^1985^Bahre, Conrad J.^Bahre, Conrad J. (1985): Wildfire in Southeastern Arizona Between 1859 and 1890. Desert Plants 7(4), 190-194.^Local newspaper accounts of wildfires in southeastern Arizona between 1859 and 1890 demonstrate that during that period, 1) wildfires were much larger in areal extent, especially in the grasslands, than they are at present; 2) the occurrence of large grassland fires declined after 1882, probably as a result of overgrazing; 3) the cessation of major grassland fires preceded the 'brush invasion' of the 1890s; 4) Amerinds, especially the Apaches, set wildfires; 5) wildfire suppression was favored by the early Anglo settlers; 6) wildfires occurred in all of the major vegetation communities, including desert scrub; and 7) wildfires were fairly frequent.^Fire^article^:
^1977^Bahre, Conrad J.^Bahre, Conrad J. (1977): Land-Use History of the Research Ranch, Elgin, Arizona. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Sciences 12(2, August), 1-32.^Seeking gold and plunder, they came out of Sinaloa north of the tropics. Exactly where they crossed the 31st parallel, and whether it was on the route leading into the headwaters of the San Pedro River of Arizona is unknown. More importantly, we can be sure that somewhere near the 31st parallel they found the rich grasslands and grassy woodlands of the Sonoran-Arizona Upland. Horses had not known this land for ten millenia. Entering with them, for the first time, were Cattle.^Grasslands, Grazing, History, Land Use, Ranching, Refuges/preserves, Santa Cruz River^article^:
^1985^Bahre, Conrad J.;Hutchinson, Charles F.^Bahre, Conrad J. & Hutchinson, Charles F. (1985): The Impact of Historic Fuelwood Cutting on the Semidesert Woodlands of Southeastern Arizona. Journal of Forest History 29(4, October), 175-186.^During the past century, major vegetation changes have occurred in the semidesert lands of southeastern Arizona. Among the changes have been the introduction of vigorous exotics, local expansion of some natives, clearing of vast acres of scrub desert, modification of the composition of grasslands, alterations in regional fire ecology, and major structural changes in the woodlands. These changes usually are attributed to climatic shifts, cycles in rodent populations, grazing, groundwater withdrawal, and fire suppression. Despite the significance of these agents, the effects of most historic land uses on the vegetation have not been completely identified, nor have the land uses themselves been subjected to detailed analysis. This is remarkable, since most of the documented vegetation changes have occurred in the past one hundred years, the period of greatest influx of Anglo-Americans into the Region.^Exotic Species, Fire, Fuelwood, Grasslands, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1993^Bahre, Conrad J.;Shelton, M. L.^Bahre, Conrad J. & Shelton, M.L. (1993): Historic Vegetation Change, Mesquite Increases, and Climate in Southeastern Arizona. Journal of Biogeography 20, 209-224.^^Climate, Fire, Grazing, Mesquite Trees, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1924^Bailey, F. M.^Bailey, F.M. (1924): An Arizona Valley Bottom. The Auk 32, 424-441.^^Birds^article^:
^1923^Bailey, Florence Merriam^Bailey, Florence Merriam (1923): Birds Recorded from the Santa Rita Mountains in Southern Arizona. The Cooper Ornithological Club, Berkeley, California. (Pacific Coast Avifauna, No. 15).^^Birds, Mountains, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1902^Bailey, Florence Merriam^Bailey, Florence Merriam (1902): Handbook of Birds of the Western United States. Houghton Mifflin and Co., Boston. 511 Pages.^^Birds, Handbook/field Guide^book^:
^1986^Bailey, G.;Bailey Roberta G.^Bailey, G. & Roberta G. Bailey (1986): A History of the Navajos. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, Nm.^^History, Navajos^book^:
^1980^Bailey, L. R.^Bailey, L.R. (1980): If You Take My Sheep. The Evolution and Conflicts of Navajo Pastoralism, 1630-1868. Westernlore Publishing, Pasadena.^^Grazing, Navajos, Sheep^book^:
^1865^Bailey, L. R.^Bailey, L.R. (1865): The A. B. Gray Report. 1963 ed. Westernlore Press, Los Angeles.^^Exploration, Gila River, Santa Cruz River, Surveys^book^:
^1935^Bailey, R. W.^Bailey, R.W. (1935): Epicycles of Erosion in the Valleys of the Colorado Plateau Province. Journal of Geology 43, 337-355.^^Colorado Plateau, Colorado River, Erosion, Geomorphology, Little Colorado River^article^:
^1924^Bailey,Florence Merriam^Bailey,Florence Merriam (1924):An Arizona Valley Bottom. The Auk 41, 423-432.^^Birds, Santa Cruz River^article^:
^1859^Baird, S. F.^Baird, S.F. (1859): Zoology of the Boundary: Report on the United States and Mexico Boundary Survey. Nicholson, Washington, D. C.^^Mexico-arizona Boundary, Surveys, Wildlife^book^:
^1855^Baird, S. F.^Baird, S.F. (1855): Characteristics of Some New Species of North American Mammals, Collected Chiefly in Connection with United States Surveys of a Railroad Route to the Pacific. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7, 333-336.^^Mammals, Railroads, Surveys^article^:
^1874^Baird, S. F.;Brewer, T. M.;Ridgway, R.^Baird, S.F., T.M. Brewer & R. Ridgway (1874): A History of North American Birds. Little, Brown, and Co., Boston.^^Birds^book^:
^1853^Baird, S. F.;Girard, C.^Baird, S.F. & C. Girard (1853): Description of New Species of Fishes Collected by Mr. John H. Clark on the U.S. and Mexican Boundary Survey, Under Lt. Col. Jas. D. Graham. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6, 387-390.^^Fish, Surveys^article^:
^1990^Baisan, C. H.^Baisan, C.H. (1990): Fire History of the Rincon Mountain Wilderness, Saguaro National Monument. University of Arizona, Tucson. (Cooperative National Park Resource Studies Unit, Technical Report No. 29).^^Fire^book^:
^1988^Baker, R. D. et al.^Baker, R.D. et al. (1988): Timeless Heritage: A History of the Forest Service in the Southwest. Intaglio, Inc., College Station, Texas.^^Forests/woodlands, Government, History^book^:
^1983^Baker, R. G.^Baker, R.G. (1983): Holocene Vegetational History of Western United States. In: Late Quaternary Environments of the United States. (Ed: Wright, H.) University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 109-127.^^Paleobotany, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1959^Baldonado,Louis^Baldonado,Louis (1959):Mission San Jose de Tumacacori and San Xavier del Bac in 1774. The Kiva 24(4, April), 21-24.^"In June, 1774, Fray Antonio Ramos, Visitor, arrived at Tumacacori and San Xavier mission under the authority of His Excellency, the viceroy of New Spain, Antonio Cubareli, and of his own Superior to conduct an official visitation. His purpose was to examine the feasibility of uniting the missions and visitas, or if possible, to unite several neighboring missions. It was hoped thus to reduce the expenses that were taxing the Royal Treasury."^Missions, Population, San Xavier, Santa Cruz River, Tumacacori^article^:
^1986^Baldwin, Anne R.^Baldwin, Anne R. (1986): Walnut Creek National Monument: an Archaeological Survey: Archaeological Investigations in the Walnut Creek Drainage, North Central Arizona. Western Archaeological and Conservation Center, Publications in Anthropology 39, Tucson. 200 Pages.^^Archaeology, Refuges/preserves, San Francisco Mountains, Sinagua Culture, Surveys, Walnut Canyon^book^:
^1941^Baldwin, Ava S.^Baldwin, Ava S. (1941): The History of Florence, Arizona, 1866-1940. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson.^The history of Florence, Arizona, is an account of the settlement of the rich farms along the Gila River valley in the vicinity of Florence. In 1866 the town was located on the southern bank of the Gila, 237 miles east of Yuma. The importance of Florence in the history of the state is evidenced by its location as a junction for the various stage lines going to Ehernburg, Yuma, Maricopa, Welk, and Tucson; by the many notable people who settled there, Charles D. Poston, Granville Cury, Richard E. Sloan, Joseph E. Kibby and others. During the '80's Florence was the center of a great mining activity which brought wealth and fame not only to that vicinity but to the state; Florence ranked with Tucson, Yuma, and Prescott as one of the important cities of Arizona.^Agriculture, Dams, Floods, Florence, Gila River, History, Mining^other^:
^1992^Ball,Eve^Ball,Eve (1992):In the Days of Victorio: Recollections of a Warm Springs Apache. 7th ed. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson & London. 222 pages.^"We owe a debt of gratitude to Eve Ball for her history of the Warm Springs Apaches, as recalled by sons and daughters of the leaders of those Indians and narrated by James Kaywaykla. Eve's story is proof that she was king and sympathetic and patient with the people who gave her the Indian version of occurrences pertaining to their tribe. An Indian does not tell every white man he meets the stories of his People."^Apaches, Indians^book^:
^1982^Balling, R.;Lawson, M.^Balling, R. & M. Lawson (1982): 20th Century Changes in Winter Climatic Regimes. Climatic Change 4, 57-69.^^Climate^article^:
^1996^Bancroft^Bancroft (No date): Bancroft Scraps File. On file at Arizona Historical Foundation, Tempe.^^Anthology/proceedings, History^other^:
^1892^Bandelier, A. F. A.^Bandelier, A.F.A. (1892): Final Report of Investigations Among the Indians of the Southwestern United States, Carried Out Mainly in the Years From 1880 to 1885. J. Wiley & Son, Cambridge, Massachusetts.^^Ethnology, Indians^book^:
^1966^Barber, W. E.;Minckley, W. L.^Barber, W.E. & W.L. Minckley (1966): Fishes of Aravaipa Creek, Graham and Pinal Counties, Arizona. The Southwestern Naturalist 11, 313-324.^^Aravaipa Creek, Fish, Graham County, Pinal County^article^:
^1898^Barlow, J. W.;Gaillard, D. D.;Mosman, A. T.^Barlow, J.W., D.D. Gaillard & A.T. Mosman (1898): Report of the Boundary Commission Upon the Survey and Re-Marking of the Boundary Between the United States and Mexico West of the Rio Grande, 1891 to 1896 (Parts 1 and 2). (55th Congress, 2nd Session, Senate Document 247) U.S. Congress, Washington, D. C.^^Colorado River, Gila River, Mexico-arizona Boundary, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Surveys^book^:
^1936^Barnard, C.^Barnard, C. (1936): Herds in the San Simon Valley. American Forests 42, 456-457.^^Grazing, San Simon Creek^article^:
^1964^Barnard, Colin;Frankel, O. H.^Barnard, Colin & O.H. Frankel (1964): Grass, Grazing Animals, and Man in Historic Perspective. In: Grasses and Grasslands. (Ed: Barnard, Colin) St. Martin's Press, New York, 1-12.^^Grasses, Grasslands, Grazing^chapter^:
^1988^Barnes, W. C.^Barnes, W.C. (1988): Arizona Place Names. rev. ed. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 503 Pages.^^Place Names^book^:
^1936^Barnes, W. C.^Barnes, W.C. (1936): Herds in the San Simon Valley. American Forests 42, 456-457.^^Grazing, San Simon Creek^article^:
^1913^Barnes, Will C.^Barnes, Will C. (1913): Western Grazing Grounds and Forest Ranges. The Breeders Gazette, Chicago.^^Forests/woodlands, Grazing^book^:
^1941^Barney, James^Barney, James (1941):Forgotten Towns of Arizona: Maricopa Wells. Arizona Municipalities February-March, 8, 14-15.^Arizona's history reaches far beyond the days of the oldest Puritan settlements on the Atlantic Coast and is well worthy of diligent and conscientious study. Although there may be a few people who ceaselessly trace and search out its historical evolution - for pure love of that history - yet, among the population at large, there is a baneful and unhealthy ignorance of Arizona's historical Background.^Gila River, History, Maricopa County, Maricopa Indians, Santa Cruz River, Travel^article^:
^1940^Barney, James^Barney, James (1940):Forgotten Towns of Arizona: Colorado City. Arizona Municipalities October, 12, 16-17.^Where the flourishing and progressive city of Yuma is located today, was surveyed, in the month of July, 1854, the townsite of 'Colorado City.' It was the first formal effort to lay out a townsite at that location, as until the official proclamation of the Gadsden Treaty on June 30, 1854, all of the area south of the Gila and east of the Colorado, in what is now Arizona, was still a part of the Republic of Mexico.^Colorado River, Gila River, History, Settlement^article^:
^1955^Barney, James M.^Barney, James M. (1955): Agricultural Conditions in the Salt River Valley In the Early 1870's. The Sheriff Magazine April-May, 37-40.^In many ways the year 1870 was an interesting one to the little group of farmers around the Phoenix settlement. Many events of importance, as well as a rapid increase of population during this period, augured well for the certain and permanent future of the isolated Community.^Agriculture, Maricopa County, Salt River^article^:
^1941^Barney, James M.^Barney, James M. (1941):Forgotten Towns of Arizona: Aubrey Landing, Mohave County. Arizona Municipalities April, 8-15.^In the 50's and 60's, when river boats piled up and down the Colorado and furnished one of the principal supply routes into Arizona, many towns and river ports were established on the ARizona side of that stream all the way from its mouth to the world-famous Grand Canyon. these river ports were located at strategic points along the stream for the purpose of loading and discharging freight and greatly facilitated river commerce. Such a place was Aubrey, also called Aubrey City, and, at other times, Aubrey Landing, on the left bank of the Colorado, just above its junction with Bill Williams Fork, in the southwestern section of Mohave County.^Boats, Colorado River, History^article^:
^1991^Barrios, Frank M.^Barrios, Frank M. (1991): Santa Cruz Reservoir Project. Paper presented at the Arizona Historical Society Convention (On file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^With the completion of I-10, one can travel with relative ease and comfort between Tucson and Phoenix. Enroute we pass the community of Eloy, Arizona and can casually look to the southwest to view the distant outline of the Sawtooth Mountains, a small jagged mountain range located about 20 miles due south of Casa Grande, Arizona. Using present standards, the land surrounding the Sawtooth Mountains must be considered a fairly remote area. To the west of this range lies the Tohono O'odham Indian Reservation and to the south, raw, undeveloped desert lands. Agricultural development borders the moutain range from the north and from the east. The closest populated community is Arizona City, which lies about 9 miles north of this small mountain Range.^Dams, Santa Cruz River^other^:
^1989^Barrios, Frank M.^Barrios, Frank M. (1989): Gillespie Dam. Paper presented at the Arizona Historical Society Convention (On file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^Gillespie Dam is a privately owned concrete, multiple arch structure, 20 feet in height by about 1, 700 feet in length, constructed in 1921, as a diversion dam for agricultural irrigation using a surface water supply from the Gila River. It is located about 40 miles southwesterly from Phoenix, Arizona, just downstream of the community of Arlington, and adjacent to the Old Phoenix-Yuma Highway. Since the completion of Arizona Highway 85, few people make the effort to visit this now out-of-the-way site. Gillespie has been religated to virtual obscurity, visited only by local farmers who pass by this impressive structure as they proceed about their local Chores.^Dam Collapse, Gila River, Gillespie Dam^other^:
^1988^Barrios, Frank M.^Barrios, Frank M. (1988): A History of the Taming of the Salt River. Paper presented at the Arizona Historical Society Convention (On file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^About the same time that Hannibal was leading his army across the Alps, many thousand of miles away in what is now called Arizona, an ancient poeple called the Hohokam were building the first remnants of an irrigation system. Whether these people learned this sophisticated technique through application or if it were brought to them from some other location is still not certain and no doubt can be reason for continuing Discussion.^Dams, Salt River, Salt River Project^other^:
^1988^Barstad, Jan^Barstad, Jan (1988): The Verde River Sheep Bridge and the Sheep Industry in Arizona. Gerald A. Doyle & Associates, P.C., Phoenix.^^Bridges, Grazing, Sheep, Verde River^book^:
^1965^Bartlett, John Russell^Bartlett, John Russell (1965): Personal Narrative of Explorations and Incidents in Texas, New Mexico, California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, Connected With the United States and Mexican Boundary Commis-sion, During the Years 1850, '51, '52, and '53. The Rio Grande Press, Inc., Chicago.^^Exploration, Gila River, Journals, Mexico-arizona Boundary, Santa Cruz River, Surveys^book^:
^1942^Bartlett, Katherine^Bartlett, Katherine (1942): Notes Upon the Routes of Espejo and Farfan to the Mines in the 16th Century. New Mexico Historical Review 17, 21-36.^^Exploration, Little Colorado River, Mining, Spanish, Trails/roads, Verde River^article^:
^1984^Bartlett, Richard A.^Bartlett, Richard A. (1984): Rolling Rivers: An Encyclopedia of America's Rivers. McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.^^Description, Riparian Areas^book^:
^1976^Bassett, E.^Bassett, E. (1976): Diary of Eliza Bassett Who Arrived From Texas in 1877. Sheriff (May), 4.^^Anglos, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Gila River^article^:
^1971^Basso, Keith H.^Basso, Keith H. (1971): Western Apache Raiding and Warfare, from the Notes of Grenville Goodwin. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Apaches, Military^book^:
^1986^Batman, Richard^Batman, Richard (1986): American Ecclesiastes; James Pattie's West: The Dream and the Reality. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Beaver, Exploration, Hunting/fishing/trapping^book^:
^1917^Baum, Frank G.^Baum, Frank G. (1917):Report on Little Colorado River and Black River Power Projects. Unpublished manuscript from Arizona Historical Society, Tucson, Arizona.^On page 4 is given the summary of cost and output of the Tolchaco plant and storage and the Grand Falls, Coconino, Lower Falls and Black Falls, power developments. In the Appendix I have discussed questions of water supply, silt, etc. and Mr. E. L. Huber's report goes into the matter of water supply in detail. The map on page 5 shows the general locations of the proposed Developments.^Dams, Little Colorado River, Water Supply^other^:
^1977^Baxter, R. M.^Baxter, R.M. (1977): Environmental Effects of Dams and Impoundments. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 8, 255-283.^^Dams, Environmental Change^article^:
^1889^Baxter, Sylvester^Baxter, Sylvester (1889): Archaeological Camping in Arizona. The American Architect and Building News 25(680, January 5), 8-10. (Part I of VI (further entries in later editions)).^The writer has elsewhere given an account of the work of the Hemenway Southwestern Archaeological Expedition in Arizona, under the direction of Mr. Frank Hamilton Cushing: its purposes, its composition, and the results reached in the first fifteen months of its operations. Some details about the country, pictures of life in camp, and the methods of exploration pursued -rambling though they be - will probably help the many who are interested in the important prehistoric story of our continent to gain a clearer conception of the character of the Researchers.^Archaeology, Exploration, Salt River, Surveys^article^:
^1860^Beale, Edward F.^Beale, Edward F. (1860):Wagon Road - Fort Smith to Colorado River. (Executive Document, # 42.) 36th Congress, Washington D. C. 91 Pages.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Exploration, Journals, Little Colorado River, Rio Puerco^book^:
^1860^Beale,Edward B.^Beale,Edward B. (1860):Wagon Road - Fort Smith to Colorado River. (Executive Document, # 42.) 36th Congress, Washington D. C. 91 Pages.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Exploration, Journals, Little Colorado River, Rio Puerco^book^:
^1970^Beale,Edward F.^Beale,Edward F. (1970):Wagon Road - Fort Smith to Colorado River (1858). In: Uncle Sam's Camels: The Journal of May Humphreys Stacey Supplemented by the Report of Edward F. Beale. (Ed: Lesley,Lewis B.) Rio Grande Press, Glorieta, New Mexico, 137-281.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Exploration, Journals, Little Colorado River, Rio Puerco^chapter^:
^1962^Bean, Lowell John;Mason, William Marvin^Bean, Lowell John & William Marvin Mason (1962): Diaries & Accounts of the Romero Expeditions in Arizona and California, 1823-1826. Palm Springs Desert Museum, Palm Springs, California.^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, Exploration, Journals, Spanish^book^:
^1987^Beard, C. D.^Beard, C.D. (1987): People and Their Environments. Paper presented at the Arizona Historical Society Convention (On file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^^Environmental Change, Human Impact, Verde River^other^:
^1929^Beattie, G. W.^Beattie, G.W. (1928-1929): Diary of a Ferryman and Trader at Fort Yuma. Annual of the Historical Society of Southern California, 89-94.^During the pioneer days of California history, when Americans were making their way to the Pacific coast from all directions, the road past the junction of the Gila and the Colorado rivers was one of the main routes of travel and the junction was an important stopping Point.^Anglos, Colorado River, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Ferries, Gila River, Yuma^article^:
^1989^Beck, Warren;Haase, Ynez D.^Beck, Warren & Ynez D. Haase (1989): Historical Atlas of the American West. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Atlas, History^book^:
^1859^Beckwith, E. G.^Beckwith, E.G. (1859): Explorations for a Railroad Route, Near the 38th and 39th Parallels of North Latitude, by Captain J.W. Gunnison; and Near the Forty First Parallel Northern Reference. (33rd U.S. Congress, 2nd Session) (Senate Executive Document, No. 78.) U.S. Congress, Washington, D. C.^^Exploration, Railroads, Surveys^book^:
^1979^Beers, H. P.^Beers, H.P. (1979): Spanish and Mexican Records of the American Southwest: A Bibliographic Guide to Archive and Manuscript Sources. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Bibliography, Mexico, Spanish^book^:
^1948^Behle, W. H.^Behle, W.H. (1948): Birds Observed in April along the Colorado River From Hite to Lee's Ferry. The Auk 65, 303-306.^^Birds, Colorado River^article^:
^1932^Bell, James G.^Bell, James G. (1932): A Log of the Texas-California Cattle Trail, 1854. Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^^Anglos, Cattle, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Trails/roads, Travel^other^:
^1869^Bell, W. A.^Bell, W.A. (1869): New Tracks in North America. Chapman and Hall, London. 564 pages.^"Bell provides a wealth of informatin on Arizona's streams during 1867-1868. Observations include: no surface water present at the San Simon Cienega (p. 278); no flow in the San Simon River (p. 287); perennial reaches of Santa Cruz River (p. 335-336); a lack of permanent water in Big Chino Valley (p. 421-422)."^Anglos, Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Salt River, San Simon Creek, Santa Cruz River, Verde River, Water Supply^book^:
^1961^Bell, Y.^Bell, Y. (1961): Sixty-Five Years in the Cow Business in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The Longhorn Press, Cisco, Texas. 79 Pages.^^Anglos, Biography, Cattle, Grazing, Ranching^book^:
^1995^Bennett, Duane A.^Bennett, Duane A. (1995):Fuelwood Harvesting in the Sky Islands of Southeastern Arizona. In: Biodiversity and Management of the Madrean Archipelago: The Sky Islands of Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico. (Proceedings of the symposium, 1994 Sept. 19-23; Tucson, AZ) (Eds: DeBano, Leonard F.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Ortega-Rubio, Alfredo; Gottfried, Gerald J.; Hamre, Robert H.; Edminster, Carleton B.) (General Technical Report, RM-GTR-264.) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 519-523.^Fuelwood harvesting has occurred in and around the 'sky island' mountains of southeastern Arizona for centuries. Native Americans utilized the woodlands as a source of food and a source of fueld for cooking and heating. Spanish explorers, Mexicans, and American settlers later expanded utilization to include such uses as mine timbering, coal production, and fencing. Utilization of the woodlands had minimal impacts on woodland resources until the local mining boom which took place in the late 19th century, and more recently from fuelwood harvesting in the late 20th century. This paper reveiws the recent history of fuelwood harvesting on the Sierra Vista Ranger District of the Coronado National Forest and the changing demand for fuelwood in southeastern Arizona from the early 1970's to 1994.^Fuelwood, Human Impact, Santa Cruz River, Sky Islands^chapter^:
^1898^Bentley, J. C.^Bentley, J.C. (1898): Cattle Ranges of the Southwest: A History of the Exhaustion of the Pasturage and Suggestions for its Restoration. (Farmers Bulletin, No. 72.) United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.^^Cattle, Exotic Species, Grasses, Grasslands, Grazing, Ranching, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1931^Benzie, R.^Benzie, R. (1931): Development of Water Supplies by the Southern Pacific Company. Arizona Public Health News June, 61-63.^Having been with the Southern Pacific Company for a number of years in the capacity of water and fuel supervisor on the Tucson division, I have taken an active part in the development of its water supplies. In the early days of railroad construction, through what was then the territory of New mexico and Arizona, a good supply of water at various points was necessary in connection with the building of the road as well as for operating purposes after the road was completed. Wells were dug in localities where water was most needed and where conditions were favorable for procuring it. Digging was the most common method at that time for developing well Water.^Railroads, Water Supply^article^:
^1973^Berkman, Richard L.;Viscusi, W. Kip^Berkman, Richard L. & W. Kip Viscusi (1973): Damming the West: Ralph Nader's Study Group Report on the Bureau of Reclamation. Grossman Publishers, New York.^In June, 1970, a Nader Study Group study group of lawyers, graduate students, and undergraduates began an intensive study of the activities of the Bureau of Reclamation. These study group members collected volumes of raw data and interviewed hundreds of Bureau of Reclamation officials and other individuals, both inside and outside the federal government. At the end of the summer, they left Washington, taking with them the material they had gathered. During the year, some of them spent hundreds of unsalaried hours distilling their results. In the summer of 1971 two of us returned to Washington to fill in the gaps in the previous year's research and to draft a report, which was released in preliminary form in the Fall.^Colorado River, Dams, Government^book^:
^1953^Berton, Francis^Berton, Francis (1953): A Voyage on the Colorado - 1878. (Series Ed: Rudkin, Charles N.) Glen Dawson, Los Angeles.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Exploration^book^:
^1990^Betancourt, Julio;MacKay, A. M.^Betancourt, Julio & A.M. MacKay (1990): Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Pacific Climate Workshop. California Department of Water Resources, Interagency Ecological Studies Program, Technical Report 23, Sacramento. (Interagency Ecological Studies Program, Technical Report 23).^^Anthology/proceedings, Climate^book^:
^1978^Betancourt,Julio^Betancourt,Julio (1978):Cultural Resources Within the Proposed Santa Cruz Riverpark Archaeological District. (Archaeological Series, No. 125.) Cultural Resource Management Section, Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson. 113 Pages.^^Archaeology, History, Santa Cruz River, Water Loss^book^:
^1990^Betancourt,Julio; Turner,Raymond^Betancourt,Julio; Turner,Raymond (1990):Tucson's Santa Cruz River and the Arroyo Legacy. Forthcoming: University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Arroyos, Erosion, History, Santa Cruz River, Water Supply^book^:
^1907^Biddle, Ellen M.^Biddle, Ellen M. (1907): Reminiscences of a Soldier's Wife. J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia.^^Colorado River, Fort Whipple, Verde River, Yuma^book^:
^1937^Bieber, Ralph P.^Bieber, Ralph P. (1937): Southern Trails to California in 1849. The Arthur H. Clark Company, Glendale, California. 386 Pages.^^Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Trails/roads^book^:
^1994^Bill Williams River Corridor Technical Committee^Bill Williams River Corridor Technical Committee (1994):Proposed Water Management Plan for Alamo Lake and the Bill Williams River. Final Report ed. Vol. I. Bill Williams River Corridor Technical Committee, Phoenix. 65 pages.^In 1991, at the direction of the Steering Committee, the Arizona Game and Fish Department, Arizona State Parks, Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Corps of Engineers formed the Bill Williams River Corridor Technical Committee. The purpose of the Technical Committee was to cooperatively develop a revised water management operations proposal for Alamo Lake and the Bill Williams River. The Bureau of Reclamation joined the Technical Committee a year later as did the Arizona Department of Water Resources which served only in an advisory capacity. The agencies recognized that water resource management is the inextricable link that serves to protect the important and significant water-dependent uses and values within the Bill Williams River corridor. While water availability, either in the form of lake storage or stream flow, is the driving force behind all agency resource goals, it was also an issue of controversy among the resource Agencies.^Bill Williams River, Dams, Water Management, Water Supply^book^:
^1994^Bill Williams River Corridor Technical Committee^Bill Williams River Corridor Technical Committee (1994):Proposed Water Management Plan for Alamo Lake and the Bill Williams River. Final Report ed. Vol. II - Appendices. Bill Williams River Corridor Technical Committee, Phoenix.^^Bill Williams River, Dams, Water Management, Water Supply^book^:
^1870^Billings, John Shaw^Billings, John Shaw (1870): A Report on the Barracks and Hospitals with Descriptions of Military Posts. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 494 Pages.^^Military, Surveys^book^:
^1989^Billingsley, George H.^Billingsley, George H. (1989): Mining Activity in the Grand Canyon Area, Arizona. In: 28th International Geological Congress Field Trip Guidebook T115/315; Geology of the Grand Canyon. (Eds: Elston, Donald P., George H. Billingsley & Richard D. Young) American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C., 224-227.^^Colorado River, Geology, Grand Canyon, Mining^chapter^:
^1974^Billingsley, George H.^Billingsley, George H. (1974): Mining in Grand Canyon. In: Geology of the Grand Canyon. (Eds: Breed, William J. & E.C. Roat) Museum of Northern Arizona and Grand Canyon Natural History Association, Flagstaff, 170-178.^^Colorado River, Geology, Grand Canyon, Mining^chapter^:
^1992^Bills, Debra T.;Brown, Bryan T.^Bills, Debra T. & Bryan T. Brown (1992): Southwestern Willow Flycatcher. Colorado Rivers Studies Newsletter (U.S. Bureau of Reclamation), 4:12.^^Birds, Colorado River, Endangered Species^other^:
^1967^Bird, J.^Bird, J. (1967): Don't Flood our Grand Canyon: Dam Building vs. Conservationists. Saturday Evening Post 240(August 12), 24-29+.^^Colorado River, Dams, Grand Canyon^article^:
^1934^Blackwelder, E.^Blackwelder, E. (1934): Terraces Along the Lower Course of the Colorado River. Geological Society of America, Proceedings for 1933.^^Colorado River, Geology^other^:
^1978^Blair, Gerry^Blair, Gerry (1978): The Burro Problem at Grand Canyon. National Parks and Conservation Magazine 52(March), 10-14.^^Colorado River, Feral Animals, Grand Canyon^article^:
^1978^Blair, W. N.^Blair, W.N. (1978): Gulf of California in Lake Mead area of Arizona and Nevada during late Miocene Time. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 62, 1159-1170.^^Colorado River, Geology, Lake Mead^article^:
^1915^Blake, William Phipps^Blake, William Phipps (1915): Sketch of the Region at the Head of the Gulf of California. In: The Imperial Valley and Salton Sink. (Ed: Cory, H.T.) John J. Newbegin, San Francisco, 1-35.^^Colorado River, Colorado River Delta, Description, Salton Sea^chapter^:
^1901^Blake, William Phipps^Blake, William Phipps (1901): Sketch of the Mineral Wealth of the Region Adjacent to the Santa Cruz Valley, Arizona. Arizona School of Mines, University of Arizona, Tucson.^The Santa Cruz River, or River of the Holy Cross, so named by the early pioneers of the Cross in America, occupies a broad valley stretching in a nearly direct north and south line from Tucson in Arizona to and beyond the Mexican frontier. This river rising in the mountains of Northern Sonora, Mexico, at first flows southward, then turns and flows northward, crossing the international boundary line into Arizona, continuing its course northward by the ancient pueblos of Tubac and Tucson toward the Gila River at Casa Grande. This valley was the great natural route by which civilization entered Arizona in the XVI century. It is the great natural route today between Tucson, Calabasas, Nogales and Mexico. It is an open pathway between the north and the south, without mountains or even hills of any great magnitude to cross. The gentle grades, fertile bottom lands, clear running water and shady groves made it the favorite route both for the Padres and for the early seekers after the mineral wealth in which the mountains on each side were known to abound. It is to this mineral wealth in gold, silver, copper and lead we owe the early occupation of this part of the country, the establishment of missions and the Christianizing of multitudes of Pima Indians, now known as Papagoes.^History, Mining, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1857^Blake, William Phipps^Blake, William Phipps (1857): Geological Report. In: Pacific Railroad Survey Reports. 2nd ed. Vol. 5. 33rd Congress, 2nd Session, Washington, D. C. (Senate Document No. 78).^^Colorado River, Geology, Railroads^chapter^:
^1855^Blake, William Phipps^Blake, William Phipps (1855): Preliminary Geological Report. In: Pacific Railroad Survey Reports. 33rd Congress, 1st Session, Washington, D. C. (House Executive Document No. 129)^^Colorado River, Geology, Railroads, Surveys^chapter^:
^1854^Blake, William Phipps^Blake, William Phipps (1854): Ancient Lake of the Colorado Desert. American Journal of Science 17, 435-438.^^Colorado River, Geology^article^:
^1906^Blanchard, C. J.^Blanchard, C.J. (1906): the Delta of the Colorado River and its Problems. Review of Reviews 33, 428-431.^^Colorado River Delta^article^:
^1996^Bleakley, M. M.^Bleakley, M.M. (No date): Rollin Rice Richardson. Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^Rollin Rice Richardson, the founder of Patagonia, Arizona, was born in Shippenville, Clarion County, Pa., July 10, 1846. His father, Richard, was a merchant and small farmer in the area and sold everything from dry goods to livestock. Rollin, the only son of four children, was required to handle most of the chores and on occasion assisted his father driving livestock to larger markets in the state or running lumber down the Clarion and Alleghany rivers to Pittsburg.^Anglos, Biography, Ranching, Sonoita Creek^other^:
^1994^Blinn, D. W.;Hevly, R. H.;Davis, Owen K.^Blinn, D.W., R.H. Hevly & Owen K. Davis (1994): Continuous Holocene Record of Diatom Stratigraphy, Paleohydrology, and Anthropogenic Activity in a Spring-Mound in Southwestern United States. Quaternary Research 42, 197-205.^^Paleohydrology^article^:
^1992^Blinn, D. W.;Stevens, Lawrence E.;Shannon, Joseph P.^Blinn, D.W., Lawrence E. Stevens & Joseph P. Shannon (1992): The Effects of Glen Canyon Dam on the Aquatic Food Base in the Colorado River Corridor in Grand Canyon, Arizona. U.S. National Park Service, NPS Cooperative Agreement no. Ca-8009-8-0002.^^Aquatic Biota, Colorado River, Environmental Change, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon, Habitat^other^:
^1989^Blinn, D. W.;Truitt, R.;Pickart, A.^Blinn, D.W., R. Truitt & A. Pickart (1989): Response of Epiphytic Diatom Communities From the Tailwaters of Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, To Elevated Water Temperature. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 4, 91-96.^^Colorado River, Glen Canyon Dam, Habitat, Invertebrates, Vegetation^article^:
^1931^Bliss, Robert S.^Bliss, Robert S. (1931): The Journal of Robert S. Bliss, with the Mormon Battalion. Utah Historical Quarterly 4, 67-96.^^Anglos, Exploration, Journals, Military, Mormons^article^:
^1996^Blumenthal, M. J.^Blumenthal, M.J. (No date): Bibliography of Materials Relating to the North American Indian in the Clinton P. Anderson Collection of Western Americana. Center for Southwest Research, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.^^Bibliography, Indians^book^:
^1993^Bock, C. E.;Bock, J. H.^Bock, C.E. & J.H. Bock (1993): Cover of Peren-nial Grasses in Southeastern Arizona in Relation to Livestock Grazing. Conservation Biology: The Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology 7, 371-377.^The tolerance of the grasslands studied to the activities of livestock is Discussed.^Grasses, Grazing^article^:
^1981^Bock, C. E.;Bock, J. H.^Bock, C.E. & J.H. Bock (1981): Southwestern Grasslands: Past, Present and Future. Bureau of Land Management, Washington, D. C.^^Grasslands, Grazing^book^:
^1986^Bock, C. E.;Bock, J. H.;Jepson, K. L.;Ortega, J. C.^Bock, C.E., J.H. Bock, K.L. Jepson & J.C. Ortega (1986): Ecological Effects of Planting African Love-Grasses in Arizona. National Geographic Research 2, 456-463.^"The impact of planting African love-grass on rangelands in southern Arizona is Described."^Environmental Change, Exotic Species, Grasses^article^:
^1989^Bock, J. E.;Bock, C. E.^Bock, J.E. & C.E. Bock (1989): Factors Limiting Sexual Reproduction in Platanus wrightii in Southeastern Arizona. El Aliso 12(2), 295-301.^^Sycamore Trees^article^:
^1985^Bock, J. H.;Bock, C. E.^Bock, J.H. & C.E. Bock (1985): Patterns of Reproduction in Wright's Sycamore. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, Daivd R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 493-494. (Proceedings of The First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona).^^Restoration, Sycamore Trees, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1992^Bohrer, V. L.^Bohrer, V.L. (1992): New Life From Ashes II: A Tale of Burnt Brush. Desert Plants 10, 122-125.^^Fire, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1975^Bohrer, V. L.^Bohrer, V.L. (1975): The Prehistoric and Historic Role of the Cool-Season Grasses. Journal of Conservation Boiology 29, 199-207.^^Grasses, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1970^Bohrer, V. L.^Bohrer, V.L. (1970): Ethnobotanical Aspects of Snaketown, a Hohokam Village in Southern Arizona. American Antiquity 35, 413-430.^^Archaeology, Ethnobotany, Hohokam^article^:
^1966^Bolton, Herbert Eugene^Bolton, Herbert Eugene (1966): Anza's California Expeditions: The Diary of Pedro Font. Russell and Russell, New York.^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, Exploration, Spanish^book^:
^1950^Bolton, Herbert Eugene^Bolton, Herbert Eugene (1950): Pageant in the Wilderness: The Story of the Escalante Expedition to the Interior Basin, 1776. Utah Historical Quarterly 17.^^Exploration, Spanish^article^:
^1949^Bolton, Herbert Eugene^Bolton, Herbert Eugene (1949): Coronado, Knight of Pueblos and Plains. Whittlesey House, New York.^^Biography, Exploration, Gila River, Indians, Military, San Pedro River, Spanish^book^:
^1919^Bolton, Herbert Eugene^Bolton, Herbert Eugene (1919): Kino's Historical Memoir of Pimeria Alta. The Arthur H. Clark Company, Cleveland.^^Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Missions, Santa Cruz River, Spanish^book^:
^1908^Bolton, Herbert Eugene^Bolton, Herbert Eugene (1908): Spanish Explorations of the Southwest, 1542-1706. Barnes & Noble, New York.^^Exploration, Spanish, Trails/roads^book^:
^1977^Bond, M. E.;Dunikoski, R. H.^Bond, M.E. & R.H. Dunikoski (1977): Impact of Second-home Development on Water Availability in North Central Arizona. Arizona State University Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Tempe.^^Human Impact, Salt River, Urbanization, Verde River, Water Supply^book^:
^1891^Bonner, J.^Bonner, J. (1891): The New Desert Lake. Cosmopolitan Magazine 11, 674-681.^^Colorado River, Salton Sea^article^:
^1975^Borland, H.^Borland, H. (1975): The History of Wildlife in America. National Wildlife Federation, Washington, D. C.^^History, Wildlife^book^:
^1981^Boslough, John^Boslough, John (1981): Rationing a River. Science 2(5), 26-29, 34-37.^^Colorado River, Water Supply^article^:
^1894^Boucard, A.^Boucard, A. (1894): Travels of a Naturalist. Pardy and Son, Printers, London.^A record of adventures, discoveries, history and customs of Americans and Indians, habits and descriptions of animals, chiefly made in North America, California, Mexico, Central America, Columbia, Cili, Etc.^Biology, Description, Exploration, Indians, Journals, Wildlife^book^:
^1977^Bowden, Charles^Bowden, Charles (1977): Killing the Hidden Waters. University of Texas Press, Austin. 174 Pages.^^Environmental Change, Groundwater, Water Loss^book^:
^1957^Bowe, Richard J.^Bowe, Richard J. (1957): Pictorial Album of Arizona., Phoenix.^^Anthology/proceedings, Photos/art^book^:
^1982^Bowers, Janice E.^Bowers, Janice E. (1982): Local Floras of the Southwest, 1920-1980: An Annotated Bibliography. Great Basin Naturalist 42, 105-112.^^Bibliography, Flora, Vegetation^article^:
^1980^Bowers, Janice E.^Bowers, Janice E. (1980): Catastrophic Freezes in the Sonoran Desert. Desert Plants 2(4), 232-236.^^Climate^article^:
^1988^Bown, Robin R.^Bown, Robin R. (1988): Beaver and Dams: Can They Coexist? In: Issues and Technology in the Management of Impacted Wildlife, Proceedings III. (Ed: Emerick, John C.) Thorne Ecological Institute, Colorado Springs, CO, 97-104.^^Anthology/proceedings, Beaver, Dams^chapter^:
^1957^Bowser, Curtis W.^Bowser, Curtis W. (1957): Introduction and Spread of Undesirable Tamarisks in the Pacific Southwestern Section of the United States and Comments Concerning the Plant's Influence Upon the Indigenous Vegetation. In: Symposium on Phreatophytes. American Geophysical Union, Sacramento, California, 12-16.^^Native Species, Saltcedar, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1974^Bradfield, Maitland^Bradfield, Maitland (1974): Birds of the Hopi Region, Their Hopi Names, and Notes on the Ecology. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 48, 75.^^Birds, Ecology, Hopi Indians^article^:
^1971^Bradfield, Maitland^Bradfield, Maitland (1971): The Changing Pattern of Hopi Agriculture. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, London.^^Agriculture, Hopi Indians^book^:
^1943^Bradley, George Y.;Darrah, William Culp^Bradley, George Y. & William CulpDarrah (1943): George Y. Bradley's Journal, May 24-August 30, 1869. Utah Historical Quarterly, 31-72.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Exploration, Journals^article^:
^1982^Bradley, R. S. et al.^Bradley, R.S. et al. (1982): Climatic Fluctuations of the Western United States During the Period of Instrumental Records. University of Massachusetts, Amherst.^^Climate^book^:
^1985^Brady, Ward;Patton, David R.;Paxson, Jay^Brady, Ward, David R. & Jay Paxson (1985): The Development of Southwestern Riparian Gallery Forests. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 39-43. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^"Riparian gallery forests along two rivers in the southwestern United States are described in a developmental continuum ranging from nursery bar to mature forest. Habitats suitable for tree reproduction are recognizable by their position relative to the active water course. These sites are typically located in overflow channels and receive flow only during floods. Flooding and the subsequent aggradation appear to be the major variables for the natural sequence of development within riparian Stands."^Cottonwood-willow Forests, Gila River, Riparian Areas, San Pedro River, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1989^Brady, Ward;Stromberg, Mark;Aldon, E. F.;Bonham, C. D.;Henry, S. H.^Brady, Ward, Mark Stromberg, E.F. Aldon, C.D. Bonham & S.H. Henry (1989): Response of a Semidesert Grassland to 16 Years of Rest from Grazing. Journal of Range Management 42, 284-288.^"The changes is canopy cover of vegetation from 1969 to 1984 are reported. Comparisons are made between grazed and ungrazed Conditions."^Grasslands, Grazing, Restoration, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1970^Brandes, R.^Brandes, R. (1970): Troopers West: Military and Indian Affairs on the American Frontier. Frontier Heritage Program, San Diego, California.^^Anglos, Indians, Military^book^:
^1962^Brandes,Ray^Brandes,Ray (1962):Guide to the Historic Landmarks of Tucson. Arizoniana 3(2, Summer), 27-40.^"To glimpse the life and times of Tucson in the later nineteenth century, as they were reflected in physical structures and landmarks, it is well to employ some date of reference. The most representative decade that shows old as well as new Tucson is 1880-1890, and from that era the authors have drawn their examples. This is not a catalog of existing historic landmarks any more than it is a comprehensive history of the city. The list which follows is a somewhat arbitrary selection of one hundred cultural, architectural, and economic features that would have been landmarks for a visitor in or about the year 1885. Few of them exist Today."^History, Maps, Settlement, Tucson^article^:
^1951^Brandt, Herbert^Brandt, Herbert (1951): Arizona and its Bird Life: A Naturalist's Adventures With the Nesting Birds on the Deserts, Grasslands, Foothills, and Mountains of Southeastern Arizona. Bird Research Foundation, Cleveland.^^Birds, Cottonwood-willow Forests, Gila River, Mesquite Trees, Mountains, San Pedro River, San Xavier, Santa Cruz River, Sonoran Desert, Species Decline, Uplands, Xeroriparian^book^:
^1985^Branson, F. A.^Branson, F.A. (1985): Vegetation Changes on Western Rangelands. Society For Range Manage-ment, Denver. 76 pages. (Monograph No.^^Grasses, Grazing, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1984^Brazel, Anthony J.;Evans, Kenneth E.^Brazel, Anthony J. & Kenneth E. Evans (1984): Major Storms and Floods in Arizona 1862-1983. (Climatological Publications Precipitation Series #6) Laboratory of Climatology, Arizona State University, Tempe. (Compiled from the records of the National Weather Service)^^Floods, Weather^book^:
^1984^Brazel, Anthony J.;Prasard, Aditya^Brazel, Anthony J. & Aditya Prasard (1984): Arizona Monthly Precipitation: 1895-1983. (Clima-tological Publications, Precipitation Series, No. 5.) The Laboratory of Climatology, Arizona State University, Tempe.^^Climate, Precipitation^book^:
^1926^Breazeale, J. F.^Breazeale, J.F. (1926): A Study of the Colorado River Silt. (Technical Bulletin, No. 8.) University of Arizona, College of Agriculture, Tucson.^^Colorado River, Erosion, Sedimentation^book^:
^1980^Brennan, Irene J. (Ed.)^Brennan, Irene J. (Ed.) (1980):Fort Mojave, 1859-1890, Letters of the Commanding Officers. MA/AH Publishing, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.^^Fort Mohave, History, Mohave Indians^book^:
^1957^Breternitz, D. A.^Breternitz, D.A. (1957): A Brief Archaeological Survey of the Lower Gila River. The Kiva 22, 1-13.^^Archaeology, Gila River, Surveys^article^:
^1953^Brewer, Jr, James W.^Brewer, Jr, James W. (1953):Jerome: A Story of Mines, Men, and Money. Southwestern Monuments Association, Gila Pueblo, Globe, Arizona.^Jerome is a mine town. It is propped on a 30-degree mountainside 2, 000 feet above the Verde Valley floor in central Arizona. Jerome's main streets are switchbacks in an arterial highway that snakes over Mingus Mountain. Fifteen hundred vertical feet separate the upper-level houses from the lower houses in the Gulch. Few towns, if any, are more precariously anchored on an inclined Plane.^History, Mining, Verde River^book^:
^1882^Brewster, W.^Brewster, W. (1882): On a Collection of Birds Made by Mr. F. Stephens in Arizona. Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithologists Club 7, 65-86, 135-147, 193-212.^^Birds^article^:
^1880^Brewster, W.^Brewster, W. (1880): Notes on Some Birds From Arizona and New Mexico, With a Description of a Supposed New Whippoorwill. Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithologists Club 6, 65-73.^^Birds^article^:
^1982^Brian, N. J.^Brian, N.J. (1982): A Preliminary Study of the Riparian Coyote Willow Communities Along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. (MS Thesis)^^Colorado River, Ecosystems, Grand Canyon, Shrubs, Vegetation^book^:
^1994^Brock, J. H.^Brock, J.H. (1994): Phenology and Stand Composition of Woody Riparian Plants in the Southwestern United States. Desert Plants 11(1), 23-32.^^Riparian Areas, Vegetation^article^:
^1984^Brock, J. H.^Brock, J.H. (1984): Tamarix spp. (saltcedar), an Invasive Exotic Woody Plant in Arid and Semi-Arid Riparian Habitats of Western USA. In: Ecology and Management of Invasive Riverside Plants. (Eds: de Wall, L.C., L.E. Child, P.M. Wade & J.H. Brock) John Wiley and Sons Ltd., West Sussex, England, 27-44.^^Riparian Areas, Saltcedar, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1973^Brodhead, Michael J.^Brodhead, Michael J. (1973): A Soldier-Scientist in the American Southwest. (Historical Monographs, No. 1.) Arizona Historical Society, Tucson. 74 pages.^Being a narrative of the travels of Brevet Captain Elliott Coues, Assistant Surgeon, U.S.A., through Kansas and the Territories of Colorado and New Mexico, to Arizona, and thence to the Coast of California; together with his observations upon the natural history, especially the avifauna, of the regions traversed, 1864-1865.^Anglos, Biology, Exploration, Journals, Military, Wildlife^book^:
^1871^Bromley, George G.^Bromley, George G. (1871): Account of a Trip to Sonora. Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^Feeling that some of your readers (with a number of whom I was acquainted when I left Norwich last November) would be interested in an account of this remote part of the U.S., I herewith send a short account of a 'Trip to Sonora'.^Anglos, Ranching, Travel^other^:
^1978^Bronson, Leisa G.^Bronson, Leisa G. (1978): Cowmen on the Verde. Journal of Arizona History (Fall), 261.^^Cattle, Ranching, Verde River^article^:
^1963^Bronson, Leisa G.^Bronson, Leisa G. (1963): A Chronological History of the Quechan Indians and Their Lands. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Phoenix.^^Chronology, Colorado River, History, Yuma Indians^book^:
^1984^Brooks,Juanita^Brooks,Juanita (1984):Emma Lee. 2nd ed. Utah State University Press, Logan. 112 pages.^"Juanita Brooks was approaching the end of a long and illustrious writing career when she published Emma Lee in 1975. Born Juanita Leavitt in 1898 to a pioneering polygamous family at Bunkerville in southern Nevada, she grew up in a Mormon community that was isolated by desert miles as well as by the customs of one of the most distinctive subcultures America has produced. She came to know the lore of her home country as its traditions and geography unfolded through her youthful experiences. Touched now and again by the outside world, she yearned for its broadening influences, but she stayed on to write brilliantly about Mormon Country's Dixie."^Colorado River, Mormons, Settlement^book^:
^1970^Brophy, Blake^Brophy, Blake (1970): Phoenix 1870-1970 in Photographs. Arizona Photographic Associates, Phoenix.^^Anthology/proceedings, Phoenix, Photos/art^book^:
^1950^Brown, A. L.^Brown, A.L. (1950): Shrub Invasion of Southern Arizona Desert Grassland. Journal of Range Management 3, 172-177.^^Grasslands, Grazing, Shrubs, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1991^Brown, Bryan T.^Brown, Bryan T. (1991): Status of Nesting Willow Flycatchers Along the Colorado River from Glen Canyon Dam to Cardenas Creek, Arizona. (Endangered Species Report, No. 20.) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Phoenix, Arizona. 34 Pages.^^Birds, Colorado River, Endangered Species, Glen Canyon Dam^book^:
^1988^Brown, Bryan T.^Brown, Bryan T. (1988): Monitoring Bird Population Densities Along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon: 1987 Breeding Season. (Glen Canyon Environment Studies Technical Report.) U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Salt Lake City. 26 Pages.^^Birds, Colorado River, Grand Canyon^book^:
^1988^Brown, Bryan T.^Brown, Bryan T. (1988): Breeding Ecology of a Willow Flycatcher Population Along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona. Western Birds 19(1), 25-33.^^Birds, Colorado River, Endangered Species, Grand Canyon^article^:
^1987^Brown, Bryan T.^Brown, Bryan T. (1987): Fluctuating Flows From Glen Canyon Dam and Their Effect on Breeding Birds of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona. (Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Technical Report.) U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Salt Lake City. 87 Pages.^^Birds, Colorado River, Environmental Change, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon, Streamflow^book^:
^1983^Brown, Bryan T.^Brown, Bryan T. (1983): An Inventory of Surface Water Resources at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. National Park Service, San Francisco. 97 Pages.^^Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Refuges/preserves, Sonoran Desert, Surface Water^book^:
^1986^Brown, Bryan T.;Carothers, Steven W.;Johnson, R. Roy^Brown, Bryan T., Steven W. Carothers & R.Roy Johnson (1986): Grand Canyon Birds: Historical Notes, Natural History, and Ecology. (On file at Tucson Audubon Library) University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Birds, Colorado River, Grand Canyon^book^:
^1985^Brown, Bryan T.;Johnson, R. Roy^Brown, Bryan T. & R.Roy Johnson (1985): Glen Canyon Dam, Fluctuating Water Levels, and Ripa-rian Breeding Birds: The Need For Management Compromise on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Manage-ment: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Folliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 76-80. (Proceedings of The First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^Large water releases from Glen Canyon Dam in May and June are harmful to riparian breeding birds along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Nest inundation can be avoided by releasing surplus water at times other than the breeding season. Habitat loss is the most serious long-term threat to riparian Birds.^Birds, Colorado River, Environmental Change, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon^chapter^:
^1992^Brown, Bryan T.;Mills, G. Scott;Glinski, Richard L.;Hoffman, Stephen W.^Brown, Bryan T., Scott G. Mills, Richard L. Glinski & Stephen W. Hoffman (1992): Density of Nesting Peregrine Falcons in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. The Southwestern Naturalist 37(2), 188-193.^^Birds, Colorado River, Endangered Species, Grand Canyon^article^:
^1989^Brown, Bryan T.;Trosset, Michael W.^Brown, Bryan T. & Michael W. Trosset (1989): Nesting-Habitat Relationships of Riparian Birds Along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona. The Southwestern Naturalist 34(2), 260-270.^^Birds, Colorado River, Grand Canyon^article^:
^1941^Brown, C. B.^Brown, C.B. (1941): Mapping Lake Mead. Geographical Review 31, 385-405.^^Colorado River, Lake Mead, Maps^article^:
^1989^Brown, David E.^Brown, David E. (1989): Arizona Game Birds. The University of Arizona Press and The Arizona Game and Fish Department, Tucson.^^Birds, Hunting/fishing/trapping^book^:
^1985^Brown, David E.^Brown, David E. (1985): Arizona Wetlands and Waterfowl. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^More than twenty years have passed since the Arizona Game and Fish Department published Wesley B. Fleming's 'Migratory Waterfowl in Arizona'. Since that time much has happened and enough learned to prompt another statewide treatment of an ever popular subject. No other form of wildlife has so inspired our imagination and interest as has the waterfowl; no other landscapes are as dynamic and productive as the wetlands. This is especially so in the arid Southwest. This book will attempt to present a general understanding of the character, distribution, and requirements of Arizona's limited wetland resources and the variety of waterfowl that inhabit them. The sequence of wetlands before waterfowl is intentional, although the latter is the thrust of the text. This is to emphasize the fragile base on which our varied waterfowl resources depend. Understanding the interrelationships of plants and animals with their environment is the key to wildlife Enjoyment.^Birds, Wetlands^book^:
^1985^Brown, David E.^Brown, David E. (1985): The Grizzly in the Southwest: Documentary of an Extinction. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Endangered Species, Extinctions/extirpations, Human Impact, Mammals^book^:
^1983^Brown, David E.^Brown, David E. (1983): The Wolf in the Southwest: The Making of an Endangered Species. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Endangered Species, Human Impact, Mammals^book^:
^1982^Brown, David E.^Brown, David E. (1982): Biotic Communities of the American Southwest - United States and Mexico. Desert Plants (Special Issue) 4(1-4). (Author is editor of the Issue)^^Ecosystems, Maps, Surveys, Vegetation^article^:
^1981^Brown, David E.;Carmony, Neil B.;Turner, Ray M.^Brown, David E., Neil B. Carmony & Ray M. Turner (1981): Drainage Map of Arizona Showing Perennial Streams and Some Important Wetlands. Arizona Game and Fish Department. . Scale 1:1, 000, 000.^^Maps, Riparian Areas, Rivers, Wetlands^other^:
^1977^Brown, David E.;Lowe, Charles H.;Hausler, Janet F.^Brown, David E., Charles H. Lowe & Janet F. Hausler (1977): Southwestern Riparian Com-munities: Their Biotic Importance and Management in Arizona. In: Importance, Preservation, and Management of Riparian Habitat: A Symposium. (Eds: Johnson, R.R. & D.A. Jones) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, GTR-RM43.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, 201-211. (Proceedings of the Symposium)^"The various riparian communities occuring in Arizona and the Southwest are described and their biotic importance discussed. Recommendations are made concerning the management of streamside environments and their watersheds. These include recommendations pertaining to the classification and inventory of riparian habitats; the determination of limiting factors for key riparian species; the establishment of study areas; the regulation and elimination of livestock grazing; the greater consideration of streamside vegetation in authorizing water management projects; and the more conservative use of our Watersheds."^Classification, Grazing, Rivers, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1979^Brown, David E.;Lowe, Charles H.;Pase, Charles P.^Brown, David E., Charles H. Lowe & Charles P. Pase (1979): A Digitized Classification System for the Biotic Communities of North America, with Community (series) and Association Examples for the Southwest. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 14, 1-16.^^Classification, Ecosystems, Riparian Areas, Wetlands^article^:
^1978^Brown, E. W.^Brown, E.W. (1978): The Night the Dam Went Out. Apache County Historical Society Quarterly 4(July), 33.^^Dam Collapse, Dams, Little Colorado River^article^:
^1987^Brown, F. Lee;Ingram, Helen M.^Brown, F. Lee & Helen M. Ingram (1987): Water and Poverty in the Southwest. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 226 Pages.^^Tohono O'odham, Water Management, Water Supply^book^:
^1900^Brown, H.^Brown, H. (1900): The Conditions Governing Bird Life in Arizona. The Auk 17, 31-34.^^Birds, Habitat^article^:
^1989^Brown, J. R.;Archer, S.^Brown, J.R. & Archer, S. (1989): Woody Plant Invasion of Grasslands: Establishment of Honey Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa) On Sites Differing in Herbaceous Biomass and Grazing History. Oecologia 80, 19-26.^^Exotic Species, Grasslands, Grazing, Mesquite Trees, Vegetation^article^:
^1967^Brown, James Stephen^Brown, James Stephen (1967): Journals and Account Books 1855-1892. microfilm by the Church of Latter Day Saints, Salt Lake City - in Arizona State Library.^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, Little Colorado River, Mormons^other^:
^1900^Brown, James Stephen^Brown, James Stephen (1900): The Life of a Pioneer. G. Q. Cannon, Salt Lake City.^^Anglos^book^:
^1982^Brown, Patricia Eyring;Stone, Connie Lynn^Brown, Patricia Eyring & Connie Lynn Stone (Eds.) (1982): Granite Reef: A Study in Desert Archaeology. Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. (Anthropological Research Papers No. 28, Anthropological Field Studies No.^^Archaeology, Salt River^book^:
^1932^Brown, R. M.^Brown, R.M. (1932): Complications in the Utilization of the Colorado River Water. Geographical Review 22, 315-317.^^Colorado River, Dams, Water Supply^article^:
^1927^Brown, R. M.^Brown, R.M. (1927): The Utilization of the Colorado River. Geographical Review 17, 453-466.^^Colorado River, Dams, Water Supply^article^:
^1973^Brown, S. G.;Aldridge, B. N.^Brown, S.G. & B.N. Aldridge (1973): Streamflow Gains and Losses and Groundwater Recharge in the San Pedro Basin, Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey and International Boundary and Water Commission, Tucson. 45 Pages.^^Groundwater, San Pedro River, Streamflow, Surface Water, Water Supply^book^:
^1983^Brown,Bryan T.^Brown,Bryan T. (1983):An Inventory of Surface Water Resources at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. (Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit Technical Report, No. 10.) Western Region, National Park Service, San Francisco. 97 Pages.^^Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Refuges/preserves, Sonoran Desert, Surface Water^book^:
^1974^Browne, J. Ross^Browne, J. Ross (1974): Adventures in the Apache Country: A Tour Through Arizona and Sonora, 1864. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.^^Anglos, Apaches, Exploration, Gila River, Journals, Santa Cruz River, Travel^book^:
^1868^Browne, J. Ross^Browne, J. Ross (1868):Report of J. Ross Browne on the Mineral Resources of the States and Territories West of the Rocky Mountains. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.c.^^Bill Williams River, Colorado River, Mining, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1982^Browning, Sinclair^Browning, Sinclair (1982): Enju: The Life and Struggle of an Apache Chief from the Little Running Water. Northland Press, Flagstaff, Arizona.^^Apaches, Biography^book^:
^1941^Bryan, Kirk^Bryan, Kirk (1941): Pre-Columbian Agriculture in the Southwest, as Conditioned by Periods of Alluviation. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 31(4, December), 219-242.^One of the paradoxes of cultural development in both the New and Old Worlds is the relatively high position of the early human societies of arid lands. These regions which, before our eyes, are, or are rapidly becoming relative 'ghost towns' were once the bonanzas of human enterprise. The arid highlands of Peru and Mexico, united with the seasonally dry tropics to furnish the foci of human development in the New World. From these areas came the cultivated plants and the imperfectly domesticated llama and turkey. Peripheral to them lay the more or less independent development of semi-civilized life in Southwestern United States. Utilizing maize, squash, and beans - plants originated far to the South - as the basis of agriculture, there was here developed the most advanced pre-Columbian culture within the boundaries of the United States.^Agriculture, Climate, Human Impact, Indians^article^:
^1940^Bryan, Kirk^Bryan, Kirk (1940): Erosion in the Valleys of the Southwest. The New Mexico Quarterly 10(4), 227-232.^The problems of Southwestern United States have been of late much in the public eye. The depression began in this area with the fall in price of livestock in 1920-21 and was gradually accentuated with the collapse of the banks in 1926 and the general crisis of 1929. Dry years added their toll, since in general high prices for livestock and good, that is, rainy years seldom occur together. The continually changing fortunes of the stock business, its booms and depressions, its good years and droughts, have led to much governmental activity reflected as far as Boston, the great marketing center for wool. This major Southwestern industry is also charged with the onus of soil erosion, and in the name of soil conservation, vast sums out of the public treasury have been and are being spent in the Southwest. The collapse of the war-time wheat prices and the long-continued drought which culminated in 1934 also contributed to distress in this area. The general depression, still continuing, affected also the transportation of business, and many a county government is supported largely by railroad taxes. The southwest is thus one of the problem children of our fatherly Uncle Sam whose apparently bottomless purse has been generously opened at the request of his highly vocal dry-land Citizens.^Arroyos, Erosion, Grazing^article^:
^1929^Bryan, Kirk^Bryan, Kirk (1929): Flood-water Farming. Geography Review 19, 444-456.^^Agriculture, Floods, Indians^article^:
^1928^Bryan, Kirk^Bryan, Kirk (1928): Change in Plant Associations by Change in Ground Water Level. Ecology 9(4, October), 474-478.^The phreatophytes or 'well plants' which derive their water supply from the ground water and are more or less independent of local rainfall form the subject of a recent paper by Meinzer. The evidence that such a group of plants exists is summed up by him under five heads: 1) observation on deeply penetrating roots; 2) Experiments in which withdrawal of the ground water is measured; 3) determinations of soil moisture showing that plants are supplied by moisture raised from the level of ground water by capillarity; 4) growth of phreatophytes during dry seasons; 5) correlation of distribution of phreatophytes with areas having charateristic depths to ground Water.^Evapotranspiration, Groundwater, Phreatophytes, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1928^Bryan, Kirk^Bryan, Kirk (1928): Historic Evidence on Changes in the Channel of the Rio Puerco, a Tributary of the Rio Grande in New Mexico. Journal of Geology 36, 265-282.^^Channel Change, Geomorphology, Rio Puerco^article^:
^1926^Bryan, Kirk^Bryan, Kirk (1926): The San Pedro Valley, Arizona, and the Geographical Cycle. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 37, 169-170.^^Geology, San Pedro River^article^:
^1925^Bryan, Kirk^Bryan, Kirk (1925): Date of Channel Trenching (Arroyo Cutting) In the Arid Southwest. Science 62(1607, October 16), 338-344.^Nearly all streams in southwestern United States flow between vertical banks of alluvium that vary in height from ten to as much as one hundred feet. Although subject to great floods, these streams no longer overflow their banks, nor build up their adjacent flood plains. Floods merely deepen and widen the channels (arroyos) which continually grow headward into the undissected valley floors of headwater valleys and Tributaries.^Arroyos, Erosion, Floods, Geomorphology^article^:
^1922^Bryan, Kirk^Bryan, Kirk (1922): Erosion and Sedimentation in the Papago Country, Arizona. (U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, 730.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^Erosion, Pima County, Sedimentation, Tohono O'odham^book^:
^1922^Bryan, Kirk;Meinzer, Oscar E.^Bryan, Kirk & Oscar E. Meinzer (1922): Routes to Desert Watering Places in the Papago Country, Arizona. (U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper, No. 490-D.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Exploration, Tohono O'odham, Travel^book^:
^1934^Bryan, Kirk;Smith, G. E. P.;Waring, G. A.^Bryan, Kirk, G.E.P. Smith & G.A.Waring (1934): Ground-Water Supplies and Irrigation in San Pedro Valley, Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report, 8/28/67.^^Groundwater, Irrigation, San Pedro River, Water Supply^other^:
^1959^Bryant, Harold C.^Bryant, Harold C. (1959): Birds of Havasu Canyon and Environs. In: Havasu Canyon: Gem of the Grand Canyon. (Ed: Wampler, Joseph) Howell-North Press, Berkeley, California, 34-42.^^Birds, Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Havasu Canyon^chapter^:
^1945^Bryant, Harold C.^Bryant, Harold C. (1945): The Status of Big Game in Grand Canyon National Park. Arizona Wildlife Sportsman 6(9, July), 10-11.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Hunting/fishing/trapping, Mammals^article^:
^1974^Bryant,Jr,Keith L.^Bryant,Jr,Keith L. (1974):History of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York.^^History, Railroads, Santa Cruz River, Tucson^book^:
^1978^Buchanan, James E.^Buchanan, James E. (1978): Phoenix: a Chronology and Documentary History 1865-1976. Oceans, Dobbs Ferry. 149 Pages.^^Chronology, History, Phoenix^book^:
^1965^Buffington, Lee C.;Herbel, Carlton H.^Buffington, Lee C. & Carlton H. Herbel (1965): Vegetational Changes on a Semidesert Grassland Range from 1858 to 1963. Ecological Monographs 35(2, Spring), 139-164.^Extensive areas of the semidesert grassland of the Southwest are dominatd by creosotebush, mesquite, and tarbush. Mesquite occurs on 93, 000, 000 acres; creosotebush is present on 46, 500, 000; and tarbush occurs on 13, 250, 000 acres. Although the species are indigenous, they have invaded large areas in the past 100 years. Some areas invaded by tarbush still have a good understory of grass. However, loss of forage production occurs in early stages of mesquite invasion. In cresotebush-dominated areas, forage production is Negligible.^Grasslands, Grazing, Mesquite Trees, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1987^Bufkin, Don;Holub, H. A.^Bufkin, Don & H.A. Holub (1987): The Santa Cruz River in Pima County. Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^"The intent of this report is to examine the history of the Santa Cruz River from its first discovery by Europeans in 1691 to the time of statehood for Arizona (February 14, 1912), a period of more than two centuries. For the great majority of that period, the Santa Cruz River Valley was thinly populated and often under the threat of Apache attack. The specific purpose of this examination is to review primary and secondary sources in order to identify and document the physical state of the river and the various uses that have been made of the river during the period studied. This report has been prepared in conjunction with the legal analysis of the navigability status of the river circa 1912 by Mr. Hugh A. Holub, attorney at Law."^History, Human Impact, Intermittent Streams, Pima County, San Xavier, Santa Cruz River, Urbanization, Water Loss, Water Supply^other^:
^1926^Bunyard, Harriet^Bunyard, Harriet (1926): Diary of Miss Harriet Bunyard, From Texas to California in 1868. Journal of the Historical Society of Southern California 13, 92-121+.^This Diary was written while crossing the plains by Miss Harriet Bunyard. The writer died at El Monte in 1900. At the time the diary was written she was a girl of 19 years. The immediate Bunyard party was composed of Harriet's father, Larkin S. Bunyard, her mother, Frankie Stewart Bunyard, and three sons, Beal, 25 years of age, Dan, 19 years, Oscar, 12, and three daughters, Fannie, aged 9, Hosephine, 15, and Harriet, the writer of the diary. The Diary, though written in pencil in a note book, has been carefully guarded by Fannie Bunyard (now Mrs. Lewis of El Monte) and was copied in pen and ink some years ago. It was somewhat dim in places, but with the aid of a magnifying glass, every word has been completely identified. The accompanying map shows the route taken, with dates of arrival marked. - Percival J. Cooney^anglos, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Travel^article^:
^1990^Burbank, J. C.^Burbank, J.C. (1990): Vanishing Lobo: The Mexican Wolf and the Southwest. Johnson Books, Boulder.^^Endangered Species, Human Impact, Mammals^book^:
^1956^Burden, K.^Burden, K. (1956): The Hassayampa River. Arizona Highways (May)^^Hassayampa River^article^:
^1996^Bureau of Educational Research and Service^Bureau of Educational Research and Service (no date): A Photographic Essay of Arizona Indians. University of Arizona College of Education, Tucson.^^Apaches, Indians, Maricopa Indians, Photos/art, Pima Indians^book^:
^1970^Bureau of Reclamation^Bureau of Reclamation (1970):Glen Canyon Dam and Powerplant. Department of the Interior, Denver, Colorado.^The Colorado River Storage Project provides for the comprehensive development of the Upper Colorado River Basin. The project furnishes the long-time regulatory storage needed to permit States in the upper basin to meet their flow obligation at Lee Ferry, as defined in the Colorado River Compact, and still utilize their apportioned Water.^Colorado River, Dams, Glen Canyon, Water Supply^book^:
^1976^Burkham, D. E.^Burkham, D.E. (1976): Hydraulic Effects of Changes in Bottom-Land Vegetation on Three Major Floods, Gila River in Southeastern Arizona. (Gila River Phreatophyte Project) United States Govern-ment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 655-J)^Changes in bottom-land vegetation between December 1965 and October 1972 apparently caused significant differences in stage, mean cross-sectional velocity, mean cross-sectional depth, and boundary roughness at peak discharges of three major floods in an 11.5-mile study reach of the Gila River.^Floods, Geomorphology, Gila River, Saltcedar, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1972^Burkham, D. E.^Burkham, D.E. (1972): Channel Changes of the Gila River in Safford Valley, Arizona, 1846-1970. (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, No. 655-G.) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Channel Change, Geomorphology, Gila River, Safford^book^:
^1970^Burkham, D. E.^Burkham, D.E. (1970): Depletion of Streamflow by Infiltration in the Main Channels of the Tucson Basin, Southeastern Arizona. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1939-B)^Estimates were made of the average annual volume of infiltration for the period 1936-1963 along seven normally dry alluvial channels in the Tucson basin. The essential parts of the method used to estimate infiltration were 1) average relation between rates of inflow and infiltration and 2) flow-duration curves of streamflow. The end product is an infiltration-duration curve from which the average annual volume of infiltration may be computed... The annual variation in infiltration volumes along the main channels is large and is mainly the result of variation in streamflow. On the basis of streamflow data, the extremes in the annual volumes of infiltration are estimated to range from near zero to more than four times the average annual Volume.^Ephemeral Streams, Geomorphology, Santa Cruz River, Tucson, Water Loss^book^:
^1970^Burkham, D. E.^Burkham, D.E. (1970): Precipitation, Streamflow, and Major Floods at Selected Sites in the Gila River Drainage Basin Above Coolidge Dam, Arizona. (Gila River Phreatophyte Project) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 655-B)^The Gila River Phreatophyte Project is a water-budget study to measure evapotranspiration from a 15-mile reach of the Gila river flood plain above Coolidge Dam in southeastern Arizona. Its principal purpose is to determine how much the water yield of the project area can be increased by replacing deep-rooted beneficial grasses. Necessary to the study, and also for the application of the findings to other areas, is an understanding of the hydrologic variables and relations that affect the quantity of water draining toward the project area and of the environmental changes that would result from vegetation alteration. This report, which is based on available precipitation and runoff data at selected sites, is an analysis of those variables and relations. The major conclusions reached in the study are that there has been a fluctuating decline in annual runoff since 1920. The decrease in precipitation has been mainly during the winter (November through April) and has resulted in a lower incidence of major floods. For example, major floods occurred in nine winters in the period 1891-1916, but only one major flood (December 1965) occurred in the period 1917-1965. No significant progressive decrease has occurred in the ratio of runoff to a given amount of precipitation since 1920, nor has there been a progressive increase in the streamflow losses from the Gila river in Safford Valley.^Coolidge Dam, Floods, Gila River, Precipitation, Safford, Weather^book^:
^1958^Burt, W. H.^Burt, W.H. (1958): The History and Affinities of the Recent Land Mammals of Western North America. In: Zoogeography. (Ed: Hubbs, C.L.) Horn-Shafer Co., Washington, D. C., 131-154.^^Mammals^chapter^:
^1933^Burt, W. H.^Burt, W.H. (1933): Additional Notes on the Mammals of Southern Arizona. Journal of Mammalogy 14, 114-122.^^Mammals^article^:
^1993^Busch, D. E.;Smith, S. D.^Busch, D.E. & S.D. Smith (1993): Effects of Fire on Water and Salinity Relations of Riparian Woody Taxa. Oecologia 94, 186-194.^^Fire, Forests/woodlands, Riparian Areas, Water Quality^article^:
^1992^Busch, S. E.;Ingraham, N. L.;Smith, S. S.^Busch, S.E., N.L. Ingraham & S.S. Smith (1992): Water Uptake in Woody Riparian Phreatophytes of the Southwestern U.S.: A Stable Isotope Study. Ecological Applications 2, 450-459.^^Evapotranspiration, Phreatophytes^article^:
^1968^Bushman, John^Bushman, John (1968): Journals and Diaries 1867-1929. microfilm by Church of the Latter Day Saints, Salt Lake City - in Arizona State Library.^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, Little Colorado River, Mormons^other^:
^1986^Buskirk, Winfred^Buskirk, Winfred (1986): The Western Apache, Living With the Land Before 1950. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Apaches, Ethnoecology^book^:
^1978^Byrkit, J. W.^Byrkit, J.W. (1978): A Log of the Verde: The Taming of an Arizona River. Journal of Arizona History 19(1, Spring), 31.^The Verde River is the only perennial waterway remaining in Arizona. Though its flow is puny in many places, it is never dry. It drains more than 6600 square miles of Arizona's high Colorado Plateau and mid-level river basin region and records show that over an eighty-eight-year period of time it discharged 657 cubic feet per second near its mouth, making it second only to the Salt in annual intra-Arizona drainage. For many thousands of years its waters, a critical source of food, drink and shelter, have been a magnet for all animals, man included. Prehistoric people channeled the water to grow irrigated crops. Modern newcomers felt that they could do the same. And so they set about transforming nature by 'taming' the 'raging' floods and by 'harnessing' the 'fitful' streams and rivers, forgetting that Nature did not design Arizona to support farms and fountains, cities and subdivisions, smelters and swimming Pools.^Dams, Human Impact, Urbanization, Verde River, Water Supply^article^:
^1967^Cable, D. R.^Cable, D.R. (1967): Fire Effects on Semidesert Grasses and Shrubs. Journal of Range Management 20, 170-176.^^Fire, Grasses, Shrubs^article^:
^1973^Cable, D. R.;Martin, S. C.^Cable, D.R. & S.C. Martin (1973): Invasion of Semidesert Grassland by Velvet Mesquite and Associated Vegetation Changes. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 8, 127-134.^This study was begun in 1949 to determine rates of mesquite invasion on two semidesert grassland areas in southern Arizona, and changes in abundance of associated Species.^Grasslands, Mesquite Trees, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1986^Cable, John R.;Doyel, David E.^Cable, John R. & David E. Doyel (1986): The Archaeology of Swillings' Ditch: Phoenix' First Historic Canal. City of Phoenix Aviation Department, Phoenix.^^Anglos, Archaeology, Canals, Salt River^book^:
^1990^Caillou, Aliza (Ed.)^Caillou, Aliza (Ed.) (1990):Jerome and the Verde Valley: Legends and Legacies. Thorne Enterprises, Sedona, Arizona. 278 pages.^What was the Verde Valley like eons and eons ago? Who wre its first inhabitants? How have waves of civilization and geological turbulence affected its environment? What was the character of the people who carved their niche into its history? And perhaps most compelling of all, what does the future hold for the valley the Spanish referred to as "The Land of the Eternal Summer?" Eight authors combined their talents to answer those questions. Each brought to the task an individual approach by virtue of their diverse backgrounds and interests. Through their original research and personal interviews, they have gathered detailed information which is being presented for the first time in this book. Unquestionably, a single author would have needed many years to achieve a similar Result.^Mining, Ranching, Verde River, Yavapai Tribe^book^:
^1990^Calder, A. William^Calder, A.William (1990): Man and the Mountain Lion in the Early Nineteen Hundreds: Perspectives from a Wildcat Dump. Journal of the Southwest 32(2), 150-172.^^Human Impact, Mammals^article^:
^1941^Calkins, Hugh G.^Calkins, Hugh G. (1941):Man and Gullies. The New Mexico Quarterly Review 11, 69-78.^There have developed a number of concepts regarding the influence of man's use of the earth upon his environment. A view that is fairly general today, but by no means new, is that in our occupation and use of the land we transform it. But it is only relatively recently that we have assumed responsibility for our actions. We have long seen ourselves as victims of our environment, but have not long seen ourselves as an active part of that environment. The effect of man upon the earth's surface and its processes is well expressed by Carl Sauer, who says: 'The latest agent to modify the earth's surface is man. Man must be regarded directly as a geomorphologic agent, for he has increasingly altered the conditions of denudation and aggradation of the earth's surface; and many an error has crept into physical geography because it was not sufficiently recognized that the major processes of physical sculpturing of the earth cannot be safely inferred from the processes that one sees at work today under human occupation. Indeed, a class of facts which Brunhes labeled as "Facts of Destructive Occupation" such as soil erosion, are most literally expressions of human Geomorphosis.'^Arroyos, Erosion, Human Impact^article^:
^1946^Calvin, R.^Calvin, R. (1946): River of the Sun - Stories of the Storied Gila. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 153 Pages.^^Gila River, History^book^:
^1966^Camp, Charles L. (Ed.)^Camp, Charles L. (Ed.) (1966):George C. Yount and his Chronicles of the West. Old West Publishing Company, Denver, Colorado. 280 pages.^George Yount's name occupies a memorable place among the forerunners of westward expansion. As early as 1831 he had ranged across the breadth of the Continenet, and five years before that he had reached the borders of southern California. At the age of ten he with his parents, and their large family, had trekked out of the mountains of North Carolina to settle in the hinterland of Missouri. They were among the first of the American Trans-Mississippi pioneers. Their new lands teemed with hostile Indians. Guards had to be posted at the corners of the fields while the land was being cleared and the crops planted and Harvested.^Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Hunting/fishing/trapping, Settlement, Trade^book^:
^1969^Campbell, A. H.^Campbell, A.H. (1969): Report upon the Pacific Wagon Roads. Ye Galleon Press, Fairfield, Washington.^^Exploration, Trails/roads, Transportation^book^:
^1970^Campbell, C. J.^Campbell, C.J. (1970): Ecological Implications of Riparian Vegetation Management. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 25(2), 49-52.^^Ecology, Riparian Areas, Vegetation^article^:
^1968^Campbell, C. J.;Green, Win^Campbell, C.J. & Win Green (1968): Perpetual Succession of Stream-Channel Vegetation in a Semiarid Region. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 5(October), 86-97.^Riparian vegetation in its mesophytic environment in the Southwest undoubtedly uses large amounts of water, but thus far, the various species and communities associated within confines of mountain reaches have not been extensively investigated. Flood plain vegetation of major rivers at relatively low elevations in the Southwest - the Colorado, Salt, Gila, Rio Grande, and Pecos - has been surveyed and mapped with varying degrees of intensity. Large acreages bordering these rivers, special management problems created by exotic species such as Tamarix pentandra and Elaeagnus augustifolia, potential water savings by vegetation eradication, and economic value of reclaimed flood plain land, have stimulated research and management of flood plain Vegetation.^Riparian Areas, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1955^Campbell, W. S.^Campbell, W.S. (1955): The Book Lover's Southwest: A Guide to Good Reading. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Bibliography, Southwest^book^:
^1991^Canty, J. Michael; Greeley, Micahel N. (Eds.)^Canty, J. Michael; Greeley, Micahel N. (Eds.) (1991):History of Mining in Arizona. Vol. II. Mining Club of the Southwest Foundation & American Institute of Mining Engineers, Tucson Section, Tucson. 293 Pages.^^Bill Williams River, History, Mining^book^:
^1987^Canty, J. Michael; Greeley, Micahel N. (Eds.)^Canty, J. Michael; Greeley, Micahel N. (Eds.) (1987):History of Mining in Arizona. Vol. I. Mining Club of the Southwest Foundation & American Institute of Mining Engineers, Tucson Section, with Southwestern Minerals Exploration Association, Tucson. 279 Pages.^^Bill Williams River, History, Mining^book^:
^1991^Canty, J. Michael;Greeley, Michael N.^Canty, J.Michael & Michael N. Greeley (1991): History of Mining in Arizona. Mining Club of the Southwest Foundation, Tucson, Arizona. 293 Pages.^^History, Mining^book^:
^1981^Carlin, George^Carlin, George (1981): Life on the St. Johns Ditch. Journal of Arizona History Summer, 159-176.^The first of the modern irrigation canals in the Salt river Valley, Swilling Ditch, followed the pattern of ancient diggings by the earliest inhabitants of the region, the Hohokam Indians. The Swilling Company began work in 1867 and finished the next year. Construction of other major canals followed, bringing with it a high level of land sales and farming activity. The majority of them were completed between 1870 and 1892. Our canal, the St. Johns, was begun in February, 1887, by W. H. St. Johns, A. B. Smallwood, H. Warren, and Dan Martin. The head of the canal was located near the McDowell place, the outlet near the Agua Fria River and Yuma Road. The system irrigated forty sections of land. A diversion dam was placed below a rock reef in the riverbed that caused water to rise to the surface, thus creating dependable Flow.^Agua Fria River, Canals, Hohokam, Irrigation, Salt River^article^:
^1994^Carlock,Robert H.^Carlock,Robert H. (1994):The Hashknife: The Early Days of the Aztec Land and Cattle Company, Limited. Westernlore Press, Tucson, Arizona. 387 pages.^"The Hashknife, that much-fabled brand in Arizona history, belonged to a company that few have known and even fewer remember, the Aztec Land And Cattle Company, Limited. Organized in late 1884, Aztec purchased one million acres in northern Arizona from the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad, bought more than 30,000 head of Texas cattle, and began one of the largest cattle operations in Arizona history. The Hashknife brand came with the cattle, and the cowboys who rode for the new Hashknife outfit became the arch villains of Mormon diaries and the hard-bitten desperadoes of western pulp writers. They were cast as men two steps ahead of the sheriff, men who fanned the flames of the Pleasant Valley War. The brand and the men who worked for it became the stuff of legends, and the true story of the Hashknife and of Aztec became lost in the fog of forgotten History."^Cattle, Land Use, Railroads, Ranching^book^:
^1980^Carlson, V. F.^Carlson, V.F. (1980): They Came to the Little Colorado. Country Printers, Winslow, Arizona.^^Anglos, Little Colorado River, Mormons^book^:
^1982^Carman, John G.;Brotherson, Jack D.^Carman, John G. & Jack D. Brotherson (1982): Comparisons of Sites Infested and not Infested with Saltcedar and Russian Olive. Weed Science 30(4, July), 360-364.^Saltcedar and Russian olive invade moist pastures and rangeland and cause serious forage-production and soil-water losses. Our objective was to develop criteria for classifying sites relative to the likelihood of infestation by saltcedar and Russian olive, based on comparisons of soil and vegetation characteristics of infested and adjacent uninfested sites. Discriminant analyses indicated that Russian olive occurs on soils with low to medium concentrations of soluble salts (100-3500 ppm), whereas saltcedar occurs on soils with much higher soluble salt concentrations (700-15000 ppm). Characteristics of the herbaceous vegetation on sites infested with saltcedar or Russian olive differed distinctly from each other and from adjacent, uninfested sites. Frequency of occurrence of certain herbaceous understory species provided the most accurate basis for discrimination of infested and uninfested areas. Discrimination of infested and uninfested areas. Discriminant analysis may be of value in the development of infestation-proneness Indices.^Russian Olive, Saltcedar, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1981^Carothers, S. W.;Minckley, W. L.^Carothers, S.W. & W.L. Minckley (1981): A Survey of the Fishes, Aquatic Invertebrates and Aquatic Plants of the Colorado River and Selected Tributaries from Lee Ferry to Separation Rapid. Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff.^^Aquatic Biota, Colorado River, Fish, Invertebrates, Surveys, Vegetation^book^:
^1976^Carothers, Steven W.^Carothers, Steven W. (1976): Feral Asses on Public Lands: An Analysis of Biotic Impact. In: An Eco-logical Survey of the Riparian Zone of the Colorado River Between Lees Ferry and Grand Wash Cliffs, Arizona: Final Research Report. (Eds: Carothers, Steven W. & Stewart W. Aitchison) (Colorado River Research Program Technical Report, No. 10.) U.S. National Park Service, Washington, D. C., 141-154.^^Colorado River, Feral Animals^chapter^:
^1973^Carothers, Steven W.^Carothers, Steven W. (1973): Breeding Birds of the San Francisco Mountains and White Mountains, Arizona. Museum of Northern Arizona, Technical Series 12, Flagstaff. 54 Pages.^^Birds, San Francisco Mountains, Surveys, White Mountains^book^:
^1973^Carothers, Steven W. et al.^Carothers, Steven W. et al. (1973): A Preliminary Report on the History and Bibliography of Biological Research in the Grand Canyon: With Emphasis on the Riparian Habitat. Manuscript on file at Museum of Northern Arizona.^^Bibliography, Biology, Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Habitat, Riparian Areas^other^:
^1976^Carothers, Steven W.;Aitchison, Stewart W.^Carothers, Steven W. & Stewart W. Aitchison (Eds.) (1976): An Ecological Survey of the Riparian Zone of the Colorado River Between Lees Ferry and the Grand Wash Cliffs, Arizona: Final Research Report. (Colorado River Research Program Technical Report, No. 10.) U.S. National Park Service, Washington, D. C.^^Colorado River, Ecology, Surveys^book^:
^1976^Carothers, Steven W.;Aitchison, Stewart W.;Tomko, Dennis S.^Carothers, Steven W., Stewart W. Aitchison & Dennis S. Tomko (1976): The Interrelationships of Man and the Biota. In: An Ecological Survey of the Riparian Zone of the Colorado River Between Lees Ferry and the Grand Wash Cliffs, Arizona: Final Research Report. (Eds: Carothers, Steven W. & Stewart W. Aitchison) (Colorado River Research Program Technical Report, No. 10.) U.S. National Park Service, Washington, D. C., 173-177.^^Colorado River, Ethnoecology, Human Impact, Surveys, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1991^Carothers, Steven W.;Brown, Bryan T.^Carothers, Steven W. & Bryan T. Brown (1991): The Colorado River Through Grand Canyon: Natural History and Human Change. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 235 pages.^This is a book about change in the natural world of the Colorado River through Grand Canyon. Changes are nothing new for this ancient river, but the present rate of change due to the recent actions of Glen Canyon Dam is unprecedented. Our purpose is to tell the story of how the natural systems of the river have adjusted to, or have persisted in spite of, the sweeping environmental alterations brought about by the dam. We have used dramatic examples from the river's interesting and well-documented history to illustrate these alterations and to speculate on those yet to come. The sum total of the recorded history of the natural condition of the river, juxtaposed against the stark post-dam changes brought to light by contemporary scientific research, makes this story one of vital Interest.^Colorado River, Environmental Change, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon, Human Impact^book^:
^1983^Carothers, Steven W.;Johnson, R. Roy^Carothers, Steven W. & R. Roy Johnson (1983): Status of the Colorado River Ecosystem in Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. In: Aquatic Resources Management of the Colorado River Ecosystem. (Eds: Adams, V.D. & V.A. Lamarra) Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, 139-160.^^Colorado River, Ecosystems, Grand Canyon, Lake Powell^chapter^:
^1961^Carr, William H.^Carr, William H. (1961): Beavers vs. Big Dams. American Forests 67(10, October), 20-23, 46-48.^^Beaver, Dams^article^:
^1940^Carr, William H.^Carr, William H. (1940): Beaver and Birds. Bird Lore 27(2), 141-146.^^Beaver, Birds^article^:
^1945^Carter, G. F.^Carter, G.F. (1945): Plant Geography and Cultural History in the American Southwest. Anthropology 5.^^Culture, Ethnoecology, Plant Geography^article^:
^1968^Carter, H. L.^Carter, H.L. (1968): Dear Old Kit: The Historical Christopher Carson. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Anglos, Beaver, Biography, Exploration^book^:
^1967^Carter, L. J.^Carter, L.J. (1967): Dams and Wild Rivers: Looking Beyond the Pork Barrel. Science 158, 233-236+.^^Colorado River, Dams^article^:
^1967^Carter, L. J.^Carter, L.J. (1967): Canyon Dams: Dissents From Arizona Scientists. Science 157, 46.^^Colorado River, Dams^article^:
^1966^Carter, L. J.^Carter, L.J. (1966): Grand Canyon: Colorado Dams Debated. Science 152, 1600-1605.^^Colorado River, Dams, Grand Canyon^article^:
^1875^Cartwright, D. W.;Bailey, M. F.^Cartwright, D.W. & M.F. Bailey (1875): Natural History of Western Wild Animals and Guide For Hunters, Trappers, and Sportsmen. Blade Printing & Paper Company, Toledo. 280 Pages.^^Handbook/field Guide, Hunting/fishing/trapping, Mammals^book^:
^1954^Carvalho,Solomon Nunes^Carvalho,Solomon Nunes (1954):Incidents of Travel and Adventure in the Far West. 1857 ed. (Series Ed: Korn,Bertram Wallace.) The Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia. 328 pages.^"Solomon Nunes Carvalho's Incidents of Travel and Adventure in the Far West is, in several respects, a unique volume. It is, firstly, the only extended narrative of Western American adventure in the mid-nineteenth centurh which was written by a Jew; as such it is fo first rate importance for those who desire to understand the variegated role of the Jew in America. It is well that the Jewish Publication Society of America, through the Schiff Fund, has decided to make this volume available to general readers, after the passage of almost a century, on the one hundredth anniversary of Jewish settlement in North America is attracting increased attention to every phase of the history of the Jews in this Land."^Colorado River, Exploration, Virgin River^book^:
^1968^Casanova, F. E., (ed.).^Casanova, F.E., (ed.). (1968): General Crook Visits the Supais: As Reported by John G. Bourke. Arizona and the West 10, 253-276.^^Exploration, Military, Supai^article^:
^1980^Casebier, Dennis G.^Casebier, Dennis G. (1980): Camp Beale's Springs and The Hualpai Indians. Tales of the Mojave Road Publishing Company, Norco, California.^^Bill Williams River, Colorado River, Exploration, Hualapai, Virgin River^book^:
^1970^Casebier, Dennis G.^Casebier, Dennis G. (1970): Camp El Dorado, Arizona Territory: Soldiers, Steamboats, and Miners on the Upper Colorado River. Vol. December. Arizona Historical Foundation, Tempe. (Arizona Monographs, No. 2)^^Anglos, Colorado River, Military, Mining, Steamboats^book^:
^1951^Castetter, Edward F.; Bell, Willis H.^Castetter, Edward F.; Bell, Willis H. (1951):Yuman Indian Agriculture: Primitive Subsistence on the Lower Colorado and Gila Rivers. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 274 pages.^In Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, published in 1942, the authors indicated their purpose to publish a series of comprehensive studies dealing with the early basis of subsistence of the several Indian groups in the Southwest, with special emphasis placed upon agriculture. The present work is the second in this Series.^Agriculture, Ethnology, Yuma Indians^book^:
^1951^Castetter, Edward F.;Bell, Willis H.^Castetter, Edward F. & Willis H. Bell (1951): Yuma Indian Agriculture. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.^^Agriculture, Ethnology, Yuma Indians^book^:
^1942^Castetter, Edward F.;Bell, Willis H.^Castetter, Edward F. & Willis H. Bell (1942): Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. (Inter-Americana Studies 1)^^Agriculture, Pima Indians, Tohono O'odham^book^:
^1935^Castle, James E.^Castle, James E. (1930s): Steamboating on the Colorado. Federal Writers' Project; Manuscript from Arizona State Archives.^^Colorado River, Steamboats^other^:
^1973^Catlin, George^Catlin, George (1973): North American Indians: Being Letters and Notes on Their Manners, Customs, and Conditions; Written During Eight Years' Travel Amongst the Wildest Tribes of Indians in North America. (2 Volumes) Dover Publications, New York. ((Originally published in London, 1841))^^Culture, Ethnology, Exploration, Indians^book^:
^1985^Ceballos-G, Gerardo^Ceballos-G, Gerardo (1985): The Importance of Riparian Habitats for the Conservation of Endangered Mammals in Mexico. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Folliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 96-99. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^An analysis of the status of endangered mammals from Mexico is presented. 47 species are threatened with extinction. Seven (one aquatic and six semiaquatic ones) are confined to riverine ecosystems. The increasing exploitation of their populations and the destruction of riparian habitats is the main threat for the long-term survival of those Species.^Endangered Species, Human Impact, Mammals, Mexico, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1891^Cecil-Stephens, B. A.^Cecil-Stephens, B.A. (1891): The Colorado Desert and its Recent Flooding. American Geographical Society Bulletin 23, 367-376.^^Colorado River, Floods^article^:
^1975^Chamberlain, Sue Abbey^Chamberlain, Sue Abbey (1975): Fort McDowell Indian Reservation: Water Rights and Indian Removal, 1910-1930. Journal of the West 14(4), 27-34.^^Apaches, Fort Mcdowell, Military, Verde River, Water Supply^article^:
^1945^Chamberlain, W. H.^Chamberlain, W.H. (1945): From Lewisburg to California in 1849. New Mexico Historical Review 20(2), 144-180.^Part I of Ii^anglos, Colorado River, Gila River, Travel^article^:
^1945^Chamberlain, W. H.^Chamberlain, W.H. (1945): From Lewisburg to California in 1849. New Mexico Historical Review 20(3), 239-268.^Part II of Ii^exploration^article^:
^1903^Chapman, F.^Chapman, F. (1903): Notes From Field and Study: The A.O.U. Trip to California. Bird Lore 5, 99-100.^^Birds^article^:
^1937^Chapman, Wendell;Chapman, Lucie^Chapman, Wendell & Lucie Chapman (1937): Beaver Pioneers. Scribner & Sons, New York. 153 Pages.^^Beaver^book^:
^1976^Chavez, A.^Chavez, A. (1976): The Dominguez-Escalante Journal: Their Expedition Through Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico in 1776. Brigham Young University Press, Provo, Utah.^^Exploration, Journals, Spanish^book^:
^1987^Chawkins, Steve^Chawkins, Steve (1987): Lake Mead Recreation Area. In: Lake Mead and Lake Mohave Recreation Guide. Aquamaps, Inc., Denver, 5-6.^^Colorado River, Lake Mead, Maps, Recreation^chapter^:
^1972^Cherkauer, D. S.^Cherkauer, D.S. (1972): Longitudinal Profiles of Ephemeral Streams in Southeastern Arizona. Geological Society of America Bulletin 83, 12.^^Ephemeral Streams, Geomorphology^article^:
^1985^Chien, N.^Chien, N. (1985): Changes in River Regime After the Construction of Upstream Reservoirs. Earth Surface Processes and Landform 10, 143-159.^^Dams, Environmental Change, Geomorphology, Streamflow^article^:
^1963^Christensen, Earl M.^Christensen, Earl M. (1963): Naturalization of Russian Olive in Utah. The American Midland Naturalist 70(1), 133-137.^The history of naturalization of Russian Olive in Utah is presented. During the first half of this century Russion olive became a common species in clutivation in Utah cities... The histories of naturalization of the plant in other western states are similar to that in Utah.^Russian Olive^article^:
^1987^Christenson, Andrew L.^Christenson, Andrew L. (1987): The Last of the Great Expeditions: The Rainbow Bridge/Monument Valley Expedition 1933-1938. Plateau 58(4).^From the days of those first European explorers, who brought back incredible tales of western wonders, to the military and scientific forays of the 1870's and on into the private scientific expeditions of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, expeditions have always been synonymous with adventure. The Rainbow Bridge-Monument Valley Expedition of the 1930s was, in many ways, the last of these 'great' expeditions - large in scale, broad in scope, and romantic in inspiration. The Navajo Country of northern Arizona and southern Utah was part of the last terra incognita (at least to white men) in the American West. The antrhopologists, geologists, and biologists who ventured into this harsh land certainly experienced their share of adventure. More importantly, they added to our store of knowledge about man, his history, and his environment. This is their Story.^Colorado River, Exploration, Glen Canyon^article^:
^1983^Christiansen, L. D.^Christiansen, L.D. (1983): The Mormon Battalion in Cochise County and Adjacent Areas. Cochise Quarterly 13, 47.^^Cochise County, Exploration, Military, Mormons^article^:
^1988^Christiansen, Larry D.^Christiansen, Larry D. (1988): The Extinction of Wild Cattle in Southern Arizona. Journal of Arizona History 29(1), 89-100.^^Cattle, Extinctions/extirpations, Feral Animals^article^:
^1976^Christiansen, Larry D.;Pettes, David M.^Christiansen, Larry D. & David M. Pettes (1976): 1840's Boating on the 'Impracticable' Gila River. (Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Foundation, Tempe).^The overland migration west in the mid-nineteenth century produced several adjuncts to the normal wagon traffic over the trails - windwagons, handcarts, wheelbarrows and even boats. All of these undertakings were experimental; some were planned in advance, while others confirmed that necessity was the mother of invention coupled with the ingenuity and enterprise of those on the trails. These unusual ventures played a short but interesting episode in the trail lore of the west. None of them is more fascinating than water transport across a great southwestern Desert.^Boats, Gila River, Trails/roads, Transportation^other^:
^1983^Chronic, H.^Chronic, H. (1983): Roadside Geology of Arizona. Mountain Press Publishing Company, Missoula. 322 Pages.^^Geology, Handbook/field Guide^book^:
^1994^Ciolek-Torrello, Richard;Shelly, S. D.;Benaron, S.^Ciolek-Torrello, Richard, S.D. Shelly & S. Benaron (Eds.) (1994): The Roosevelt Rural Sites Study - Prehistoric Rural Settlements in the Tonto Basin. (Statistical Research Technical Series, No. 28.) University of Arizona, Tucson. 1268 Pages.^^Archaeology, Roosevelt Dam, Salt River, Tonto National Forest^book^:
^1987^Claridge, Eleanor P.^Claridge, Eleanor P. (1987): Klondyke and the Aravaipa Canyon. D&M Kopy Kat Printing, Safford.^^Aravaipa Creek, Biography, History^book^:
^1991^Clark, Roger^Clark, Roger (1991): The Colorado Plateau at the Crossroads: Plundered Province or Sustainable Bioregion? Trilogy 3(2, May/June), 57-67.^^Colorado Plateau, Colorado River, Human Impact, Species Decline^article^:
^1987^Clark, S.^Clark, S. (1987): Potential For Use of Cottonwoods as Indicators of Past Floods. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ecological Aspects of Tree-Ring Analysis. U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D. C., 243-248.^^Anthology/proceedings, Cottonwood-willow Forests, Floods, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1928^Clark, S. P.^Clark, S.P. (1928): Lessons From Southwestern Indian Agriculture. (Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, No. 125.) University of Arizona, Tucson.^This bulletin was written to make available some of the agricultural practices of the Indians of the Southwest, that have enabled them to live through long periods under extremely adverse conditions. The first part of the bulletin concerns principally the Hopi Indians, who are located on the Hopi-Navajo Reservation in northeastern Arizona. This reservation is about 100 miles north of Holbrook, and can be reached by stage from Holbrook, Flagstaff, or Winslow. Because of their isolation these Indians are in many respects among the most primitive in the United States. The agricultural methods by which they have lived are of interest to farmers and others of the Southwest. The larger number of the Hopi Indians live in four villages, Walpi, Toreva, Oraibi, and Hotevilla, each of which is situated on a high mesa. Until a few years ago Hotevilla was a part of the Oraibi settlement. These mesas, or table-lands are all small in area, nearly flat on top, and composed largely of rocks with occasional patches of sand. The walls of the mesas rise abruptly from the surrounding plain and are in places 200 feet High.^Agriculture, Colorado Plateau, Hopi Indians, Irrigation, Navajos^book^:
^1988^Clarke, Asa Bement^Clarke, Asa Bement (1988): Travels in Mexico and California, Comprising a Journal of a Tour from Brazos Santiago, through Central Mexico, by Way of Monterey, Chicuahua, the Country of the Apaches, and the River Gila, to the Mining Districts of California. (Series Ed: Perry, Anne M.) Texas A&M University Press, College Station.^^Anglos, Apaches, Chihuahuan Desert, Colorado River, Gila River, Journals, Mexico, Santa Cruz River, Travel^book^:
^1961^Clarke, Dwight L.^Clarke, Dwight L. (1961): Stephen Watts Kearny, Soldier of the West. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Anglos, Exploration, Gila River, Military^book^:
^1950^Cleland, R. G.^Cleland, R.G. (1950): This Reckless Breed of Men: The Trappers and Fur Traders of the Southwest. Knopf, New York.^^Beaver, Biography, Exploration, Hunting/fishing/trapping^book^:
^1977^Clifford, Josephine^Clifford, Josephine (1977): Overland Tales. Bancroft, San Francisco. 383 Pages.^^Anglos, Gila Bend, Gila River, Travel^book^:
^1976^Cline, Platt^Cline, Platt (1976): They Came to the Mountain. Northern Arizona University Press, Flagstaff. 364 Pages.^^Anglos, Colorado Plateau, Exploration, San Francisco Mountains^book^:
^1944^Clover, Elzada U.;Jotter, Lois^Clover, Elzada U. & Lois Jotter (1944): Floristic Studies in the Canyon of the Colorado and Tributaries. The American Midland Naturalist 32(3), 591-617+.^^Colorado River, Flora, Surveys^article^:
^1955^Coates, D. R.;Cushman, R. L.^Coates, D.R. & R.L.Cushman (1955): Geology and Ground-Water Resources of the Douglas Basin, Arizona. (U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper, No. 1354.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. 56 pages.^"The authors stated (p. 8-9) that Whitewater Draw was perennial in the 2-mile reach immediately north of the international boundary. The flow in this reach is now Ephemeral."^Cochise County, Geology, Groundwater^book^:
^1984^Coats, Robert^Coats, Robert (1984): The Colorado River: River of Controversy. Environment 26(2), 6-13, 36-40.^^Colorado River, Dams, Water Supply^article^:
^1900^Cockerell, T. D. A.^Cockerell, T.D.A. (1900): The Lower and Middle Sonoran Zones in Arizona and New Mexico. American Naturalist 34, 285-294.^^Ecosystems, New Mexico, Sonoran Desert, Uplands^article^:
^1978^Cohan, D. R.;Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Cohan, D.R., Bertin W. Anderson & Robert D. Ohmart (1978): Avian Population Responses to Saltcedar Along the Lower Colorado River. In: Strategies for Protection and Management for Floodplain Wetlands and Other Riparian Ecosystems. (Eds: Johnson, R.R. & J.F. McCormick) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, WO-12.) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 371-382.^"Avian species were reported to react to salt cedar (Tamarix chinensis) and three other types of riparian vegetation seasonally and in different ways relating to the presence or absence of salt cedar and associated insect Biomass."^Birds, Colorado River, Saltcedar^chapter^:
^1990^Cole, David N.^Cole, David N. (1990): Trampling Disturbance and Recovery of Cryptogamic Soil Crusts in Grand Canyon National Park. Great Basin Naturalist 50, 321-325.^^Colorado River, Cryptogams, Grand Canyon, Human Impact, Recreation, Soil^article^:
^1968^Cole, Dennis^Cole, Dennis (1968): Phreatophyte, Friend or Foe. Arizona Professional Engineer 20(3), 8-10.^^Phreatophytes, Saltcedar, Water Supply^article^:
^1983^Colley, Charles C.^Colley, Charles C. (1983): The Desert Shall Blossom: North African Influence on the American Southwest. The Western Historical Quarterly (July), 277-290.^Conquistadores and Catholic priests who arrived in the western hemisphere during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries brought with them features of dress, arts, architecture, agriculture, law, and warfare acquired through centuries of subjugation by the North African Moors. On the northern borderlands of the Spanish Empire they encountered native peoples, who, like the Moors, survived as nomads or subsistence farmers in a vast, arid region. This inhospitable environment, as Walter Prescott Webb emphasized in his classic work, The Great Plains, molded the character and civilization of the earliest aborigines and all succeeding inhabitants, regardless of their place of Origin.^Agriculture, Culture, Exotic Species, Human Impact, Missions, Spanish, Vegetation^article^:
^1981^Collins, J. P.;Young Jr, C.;Howell, J.;Minckley, W. L.^Collins, J.P., C. Young, Jr., J. Howell & W.L. Minckley (1981): Impact of Flooding in a Sonoran Desert Stream Including Elimination of an Endangered Fish Population (Peociliopsis o. occidentalis Poeciliidai). The Southwestern Naturalist 26, 415-423.^^Extinctions/extirpations, Fish, Floods, Native Species, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1931^Colorado River and Boulder Canyon Project^Colorado River and Boulder Canyon Project (1931): Historical and Physical Facts in Connection with the Colorado River and Lower Basin Development. Colorado River and Boulder Canyon Project, Sacramento, California.^^Boulder Dam, Colorado River^book^:
^1982^Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum^Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum (1982): Progress Report: Water Quality Standards for Salinity. Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum. 45 Pages.^^Colorado River, Water Quality^book^:
^1982^Colorado River Wildlife Council^Colorado River Wildlife Council (1982): Endemic Amphibians and Reptiles of the Colorado River System: A Status Report. Colorado River Wild Life Council, Denver, Colorado. 44 Pages.^^Amphibians, Colorado River, Native Species, Reptiles^book^:
^1935^Colquhoun, James^Colquhoun, James (1935): The Early History of the Clifton-Morenci District. W. Clewes, London. 85 Pages.^^Clifton-morenci, History, Mining, San Francisco River^book^:
^1930^Colton, Harold S.^Colton, Harold S. (1930):Grand Falls. Museum Notes (Museum of Northern Arizona) 2(12, June), 1-3.^A chocolate Niagara, not so wide across but higher than its prototype - such are the Grand Falls when the Little Colorado River 'comes down in' flood. A yellow mist fills the gorge, drying as it strikes the face, forming a coat of dust, hard to remove. The falls, 185 feet high, are worth a visit, not only as a novel experience, not only for gorgeous setting, but also for the geological story that they Tell.^History, Little Colorado River^article^:
^1946^Colton, Harold Sellers^Colton, Harold Sellers (1946): The Sinagua: a Summary of the Archaeology of the Region of Flagstaff, Arizona. Vol. Bulletin 22. Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff. 326 Pages.^^Archaeology, Colorado Plateau, Sinagua Culture^book^:
^1941^Colton, Harold Sellers^Colton, Harold Sellers (1941): Prehistoric Trade in the Southwest. Science Monthly 52, 308-319.^^Archaeology, Indians, Trade^article^:
^1937^Colton, Harold Sellers^Colton, Harold Sellers (1937): Some Notes on the Original Condition of the Little Colorado River: A Side Light on the Problems of Erosion. Museum Notes (Museum of Northern Arizona) 10(6, December), 17-20.^^Erosion, Little Colorado River, Paleohydrology^article^:
^1930^Colton, Harold Sellers^Colton, Harold Sellers (1930): A Brief Survey of the Early Expeditions into Northern Arizona. Museum of Northern Arizona Museum Notes (March).^^Colorado Plateau, Exploration, San Francisco Mountains^article^:
^1872^Colyer, V.^Colyer, V. (1872): Report on the Apache Indians of Arizona and New Mexico. In: Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for the Year 1871. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 41-68.^^Apaches^chapter^:
^1978^Conine, K. H.;Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.;Drake, J. F.^Conine, K.H., Bertin W. Anderson, Robert D. Ohmart & J.F. Drake (1978): Responses of Riparian Species to Agricultural Habitat Conversions. In: Strategies for Protection and Management of Floodplain Wetlands and Other Riparian Ecosystems. (Proceedings of the Symposium) (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy & J.F. McCormick) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, WO-12.) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 248-262. 410 Pages.^^Agriculture, Restoration, Riparian Areas, Vegetation Change, Wildlife^chapter^:
^1947^Conkling, Roscoe P.;Conkling, Margaret B.^Conkling, Roscoe P. & Margaret B. Conkling (1947): The Butterfield Overland Mail 1857-1869. The Arthur H. Clark Company, Glendale, California.^Its organization and operation over the Southern Route to 1861; subsequently over the Central Route to 1866; and under Wells, Fargo and Company in 1869.^Gila River, Maps, Trails/roads, Transportation^book^:
^1975^Conn, J. S.;Mouat, D. A.;Clark, R. B.^Conn, J.S., D.A. Mouat & R.B. Clark (1975): An Assessment of the Impact of Water Impoundment and Diversion Structures on Vegetation in Southern Arizona. (Arid Lands Studies Bulletin, No. 11.) University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Dams, Exotic Species, Human Impact, Surface Water, Vegetation^book^:
^1982^Connall, D.^Connall, D. (1982): A History of the Arizona Groundwater Management Act. Arizona State Law Journal 313.^^Groundwater, History, Water Law^article^:
^1956^Conner, Daniel Ellis^Conner, Daniel Ellis (1956): Joseph Reddeford Walker and the Arizona Adventure. (Series Eds: Berthrong, Donald J. & O. Davenport) University of Oklahoma press, Norman.^^Anglos, Biography, Colorado River, Gila River, Mining, Salt River, Travel^book^:
^1967^Contreras, B.;Gortarez, G.^Contreras, B. & G. Gortarez (1967): Tubac Through Four Centuries. Microfilm, University of Arizona Library, Tucson.^^History, Santa Cruz River, Tubac^other^:
^1996^Cook, Charles H.;Whittemore, Isaac T.^Cook, Charles H. & Isaac T. Whittemore (No date): Among the Pimas. Ladies Union Mission School Association, Albany. 136 Pages.^^Gila River, Missions, Pima Indians^book^:
^1996^Cook, Fred S.^Cook, Fred S. (no date):History of Parker and Area. Good Neighbor Advertiser, Parker, Arizona.^There is some controversy over just who the town of Parker was actually named for. The honor may be given to Ely Samuel Parker, America's first Indian Commissioner; or to Earl H. Parker, a locating engineer for the Railroad.^Colorado River, Place Names, Steamboats^book^:
^1938^Cooke, Philip Saint George;Whiting, William Henry Chase;Aubry, Francois Xavier^Cooke, Philip St. George, William Henry Chase Whiting & Fran‡ois Xavier Aubry (1938): Exploring Southwestern Trails, 1846-1854. The Arthur H. Clark Company, Glendale, California.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Trails/roads^book^:
^1878^Cooke, Phillip St. George^Cooke, Phillip St. George (1878): The Conquest of New Mexico and California - An Historical and Personal Narrative. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. 307 Pages.^^Anglos, Exploration, Journals, Military, Mormons, Trails/roads^book^:
^1976^Cooke, R. U.;Reeves, Richard W.^Cooke, R.U. & Richard W. Reeves (1976): Arroyos and Environmental Change in the American Southwest. Clarendon Press, Oxford. (Oxford Research Studies in Geography)^^Arroyos, Environmental Change, Erosion, Geomorphology^book^:
^1988^Cooley, John R.^Cooley, John R. (1988): The Great Unknown: The Journals of the Historic First Expedition Down the Colorado River. Northland Press, Flagstaff. 207 Pages.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Exploration, Journals^book^:
^1962^Cooley, M. E.^Cooley, M.E. (1962): Late Pleistocene and Recent Erosion and Alluviation in Parts of the Colorado River System, Arizona and Utah. (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, No. 450-B.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^Colorado River, Erosion, Geology^book^:
^1937^Coolidge, Dane^Coolidge, Dane (1937): Texas Cowboys. Dutton, New York. 162 Pages.^^Blue River, Gila River, Little Colorado River, Ranching, San Carlos^book^:
^1960^Cooper, C. F.^Cooper, C.F. (1960): Changes in Vegetation, Structure, and Growth of Southwestern Pine Forests Since White Settlement. Ecological Monographs 30, 129-164.^^Forests/woodlands, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1966^Cooper, Nel^Cooper, Nel (1966): Nel Cooper Stories (Revised edition). Personally published, N/a.^^Anglos, Hassayampa River, Indians, Walnut Grove Dam^book^:
^1987^Coor, C. B.^Coor, C.B. (1987): Down on the Blue. Valley West Printing, Goodyear, Arizona.^^Biography, Blue River, History, Settlement^book^:
^1979^Cope, O. B.^Cope, O.B. (Ed.) (1979): Proceedings of the Forum on Grazing and Riparian/Stream Ecosystems. Trout Unlimited Inc., Denver. 94 Pages.^^Anthology/proceedings, Ecosystems, Grazing, Riparian Areas^book^:
^1968^Corbusier, Harold S.^Corbusier, Harold S. (1968): Verde to San Carlos: Recollection of a Famous Army Surgeon and His Observant Family on the Western Frontier, 1869-1886. Dale Stuart King, Publisher, Tucson.^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, Disease, Gila River, Military, San Carlos, Travel, Verde River^book^:
^1951^Corle, E.^Corle, E. (1951): The Gila, River of the Southwest. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.^^Description, Gila River, History^book^:
^1972^Correll, J. L.^Correll, J.L. (1972): Report Showing Traditional Navajo Use and Occupancy of Lands in the 1882 Executive Order re: Reservation. The Navajo Tribe, Window Rock.^^Colorado Plateau, Land Use, Navajos^book^:
^1968^Cottam, Clarence;Trefethen, James B.^Cottam, Clarence & James B. Trefethen (1968): Whitewings: The Life History, Status, and Management of the White-Winged Dove. D. Van Nostrand Company, Princeton.^"The white-winged dove is unknown to most Americans. It is a creature of the Mexican border, that romantic hiatus where cultures meet. More than any other bird, it is la paloma, who languid cooing at midday from trees shading village plazas signals siesta time. It is as Mexican as tortillas, sombreros, and senoritas. But in my own Arizona, it is a familiar bird along the wooded valleys and in the saguaro cactus desert, and I know Texans are equally proud of it." [Stewart Udall, Sec. Int.]^Birds, Gila River^book^:
^1940^Cottam, W. P.^Cottam, W.P. (1940): Plant Succession as a Result of Grazing and Meadow Desiccation. Journal of Forestry 38, 613-626.^^Grazing, Meadows, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1940^Cottam, W. P.; Stewart, George^Cottam, W. P.; Stewart, George (1940):Plant Succession as a Result of Grazing and of Meadow Desiccation by Erosion Since Settlement in 1862. Journal of Forestry 38, 613-626.^Ecological changes in the vegetation of mountain meadow-lands in the West have recently attracted much attention as a phase of the erosion problem. Ordinarily, too little information regarding the specific history of these changes is available to permit accurate analysis. The history of the case treated in the following paper is, however, unusually well known. Mountain Meadows in southwestern Utah is a spot of much local historical interest. Moreover, the rapid invasion of heavily grazed sagebrush and grasslands by junipers is an ecological change of major consequence from the standpoint of both range workers and Foresters.^Grazing, Meadows, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1925^Cotton, O. W.^Cotton, O. W. (1925):The Lower Gila Valley: An Eldorado for the Farmer. Progressive Arizona 1, 29-35.^We motored to Yuma from San Diego in seven hours running time. It is a most interesting trip. Climbing to an elevation of three thousand feet, at Buckman Springs, in San Diego County, then dropping below sea level at El Centro, in the Imperial Valley, we crossed the desert over the plank road and through the great rolling and shifting sand dunes - one of the "Wonders of California" that comparatively few have Seen.^Colorado River, Gila River, Irrigation^article^:
^1900^Coues, Elliott^Coues, Elliott (1900): On the Trail of a Spanish Pioneer, the Diary and Itinerary of Francisco Garces, in His Travel Through Sonora, Arizona, and California, 1775-1776. Francis P. Harper, New York.^^Colorado River, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Exploration, Gila River, Little Colorado River, Santa Cruz River, Spanish^book^:
^1878^Coues, Elliott^Coues, Elliott (1878): Birds of the Colorado Valley. (U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Miscellaneous Publications, No. 11.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 807 Pages.^^Birds, Colorado River^book^:
^1867^Coues, Elliott^Coues, Elliott (1867): The Quadrupeds of Arizona. The American Midland Naturalist 1, 282-292, 351-363, 393-400, 531-541.^^Mammals^article^:
^1866^Coues, Elliott^Coues, Elliott (1866): List of the Birds of Fort Whipple, Arizona: With Which are Incorporated All Other Species Ascertained to Inhabit the Territory. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.^^Birds, Fort Whipple, Granite Creek^book^:
^1971^Courlander, Harold^Courlander, Harold (1971): The Fourth World of the Hopis. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 238 Pages.^^Colorado Plateau, Culture, History, Hopi Indians^book^:
^1961^Couts, Cave Johnson^Couts, Cave Johnson (1961): Hepah, California! The Journal of Cave Johnson Couts From Monterey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico to Los Angeles, California During the Years 1848-1849. (Series Ed: Dobyns, Henry F.) Arizona Pioneers' Historical Society, Tucson. 113 Pages.^^Exploration, Gila River, Journals, Maps, Mexico^book^:
^1991^Covington, W. Wallace;Moore, Margaret M.^Covington, W.Wallace & Margaret M. Moore (1991): Changes in Forest Conditions and Multiresource Yields from Ponderosa Pine Forests Since European Settlement. Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. (Report submitted to Water Resources Operations, Salt River Project, Phoenix, Arizona.)^The goal of this research was to determine changes since European settlement in forest conditions and resource yields for a southwestern ponderosa pine watershed. Based on early photographs, anecdotal accounts, and several studies in southwestern ponderosa pine, our hypothesis was that presettlement forests were much more open than they are today, and thus that herbage production, stream flow, wildlife habitat, etc., would have been substantially different under the natural disturbance regime of periodic (2-10 years) surface fires. This report presents quantitative estimates of these Changes.^Forests/woodlands, Vegetation^book^:
^1925^Cox, C. C.^Cox, C.C. (1925): From Texas to California in 1849. Southwest Historical Quarterly 29(1-3, Ed.: Martin, Mabelle), 36-50, 128-146, 201-223.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Travel^article^:
^1982^Cox, J. R.;Morton, H. L.;Johnsen, Jr, TN;Jordan, G. L.;Martin, S. C.;Fierro, C. C.^Cox, J.R., H.L. Morton, T.N. Johnsen, Jr., G.L. Jordan, S.C. Martin & C.C. Fierro (1982): Vegetation Restoration in the Chihuahuan and Sonoran Deserts of North America. Rangelands 6, 112-116.^^Chihuahuan Desert, Restoration, Sonoran Desert, Vegetation^article^:
^1976^Cox, Nancy E.^Cox, Nancy E. (1976): Water Quality Study of the Gila River Between Coolidge Dam and Ashurst-Hayden Dam in Arizona. MS Thesis, Arizona State University, Tempe. 74 P.^^Ashurst Hayden Dam, Coolidge Dam, Gila River, Water Quality^other^:
^1986^Cox, W. E.^Cox, W.E. (1986): Guides to Collections, No. 4; Guide to the Field Reports of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Circa 1860-1961. Archives and Special Collections of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 200 Pages.^^Bibliography, Endangered Species, Wildlife^book^:
^1988^Cozzens, Samuel W.^Cozzens, Samuel W. (1988): The Marvellous Country: Explorations and Adventures in Arizona and New Mexico. Castle, Seacaucus, Nj.^^Anglos, Apaches, Exploration, Journals^book^:
^1964^Craig, J. B.^Craig, J.B. (1964): Water vs. Parks Issue on Lower Colorado River. American Forests 70(April), 3+.^^Colorado River, Dams, Recreation^article^:
^1960^Crampton, C. Gregory^Crampton, C.Gregory (1960): Historic Glen Canyon. Utah Historical Quarterly (July), 275-289.^The siren charms of the Grand Canyon are so powerful as to have left neglected the other great gorges of the Colorado stretching out in a line through Arizona and Utah into Colorado, and those of the Green River, into Wyoming. Few writers have appeared to describe them, and they remain obscure in the popular image. This includes Glen Canyon extending from the mouth of the Dirty Devil River in Utah to the historic crossing of the Colorado at Lee's Ferry in Arizona 169 miles downstream. Yet much more is known of Glen Canyon than the rest, for it has the richest historical heritage and more people have seen this canyon from the river than the Others.^Colorado River, Glen Canyon^article^:
^1986^Crawford,J. L.^Crawford,J. L. (1986):Zion Albun: A Nostalgic History of Zion Canyon. Zion Natural History Association, Springdale, Utah. 87 pages.^"Here is presented a representative selection of some priceless mementoes of Zion National Park's past. They are reproductions of the 'lantern slides' that were used in the park naturalists' illustrated talks before the advent of color photography. There's quite a story behind the slides and this book, and I guess you could say my part in it began on January 5, 1914."^Colorado River, Exploration, History^book^:
^1883^Crook, George^Crook, George (1883): Annual Report of Brigadier General George Crook, U.S. Army Commanding. U.S. Army, Prescott. 43 Pages.^^Military, Surveys^book^:
^1993^Crosby, Jr, Alfred W.^Crosby, Jr., Alfred W. (1993): Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900. 1986 ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.^European emigrants and their descendants are all over the place, which requires explanation. It is more difficult to account for the distribution of this subdivision of the human species than that of any other. The locations of the others make an obvious kind of sense. All but a relatively few of the members of the many varieties of Asians live in Asia. Black Africans live on three continents, but most of them are concentrated in their original latitudes, the tropics, facing each other across one ocean. Amerindians, with few exceptions, live in the Americas, and nearly every last Astralian Aborigine dwells in Australia. Eskimos live in the circumpolar lands, and Melanesians, Polynesians, and Micronesians are scattered through the islands of only one ocean, albeit a large one. All these peoples have expanded geographically - have committed acts of imperialism, if you will - but they have expanded into lands adjacent to or at least near to those in which they had already been living, or, in the case of the Pacific peoples, to the next island and then to the next after that, however many kilometers of water might lie between. Europeans, in contrast, seem to have leapfrogged around the Globe.^Disease, Environmental Change, Ethnoecology, Exotic Species, Human Impact^book^:
^1976^Crosby, Jr, Alfred W.^Crosby, Jr., Alfred W. (1976): Virgin Soil Epidemics as a Factor in the Aboriginal Depopulation in America. William and Mary College Quarterly, 289-299.^^Indians, Population Decline, Soil^article^:
^1972^Crosby, Jr, Alfred W.^Crosby, Jr., Alfred W. (1972): The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. Greenwood Publishing Co., Westport, Connecticut.^^Ethnoecology, Exotic Species, Human Impact, Population Decline^book^:
^1991^Cross, A. F.^Cross, A.F. (1991): Vegetation of Two Southeastern Arizona Desert Marshes. Madrono 38, 185-194.^^Cochise County, Vegetation, Wetlands^article^:
^1981^Crosswhite, Frank S.^Crosswhite, Frank S. (1981): Desert Plants, Habitat and Agriculture in Relation to the Major Pattern of Cultural Differentiation in the O'odham People of the Sonoran Desert. Desert Plants 3(2), 47-76.^^Agriculture, Ethnoecology, Native Species, Sonoran Desert, Tohono O'odham, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1979^Crosswhite, Frank S.^Crosswhite, Frank S. (1979): J.G. Lemmon & Wife, Plant Explorers in Arizona, California, and Nevada. Desert Plants 1, 12-21.^^Anglos, Biography, Botany, Exploration^article^:
^1965^Crosswhite, Frank S.^Crosswhite, Frank S. (1965): The Nation of the Willows. Northland Press, Flagstaff, Arizona. 75 Pages.^^Colorado Plateau, Vegetation^book^:
^1976^Crowe, Rosalie;Brinckerhoff, Sidney B.^Crowe, Rosalie & Sidney B. Brinckerhoff (1976): Early Yuma: A Graphic History of Life on the American Nile. Northland Press, Flagstaff.^^Colorado River, Steamboats, Surface Water, Transportation, Yuma^book^:
^1991^Crown, Patricia L.;Judge, W. James^Crown, Patricia L. & W. James Judge (1991): Chaco and Hohokam Prehistoric Regional Systems I in the American Southwest. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe.^^Agriculture, Archaeology, Chaco Culture, Hohokam^book^:
^1991^Crown, Patricia L.;Judge, W. James^Crown, Patricia L. & W. James Judge (1991): Chaco and Hohokam. School of American Research, San Francisco. 369 Pages.^^Archaeology, Chaco Culture, Hohokam^book^:
^1977^Croxen, Sr, Fred W.^Croxen, Sr., Fred W. (1977): Dark Days in Central Arizona. Smoke Signal 34.^"Peaceful times came hard to the sparsely settled country below the Mogollon Rim."^Anglos, Gila River, History, Ranching, Verde River, White River^other^:
^1981^Crumbo, K.^Crumbo, K. (1981): A River Runner's Guide to the Grand Canyon. Johnson Books, Boulder, Co.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Handbook/field Guide, Recreation^book^:
^1970^Culler, R. C.^Culler, R.C. (1970): Objectives, Methods, and Environment - Gila River Phreatophyte Project, Graham County, Arizona. (U.S.G.S. Professional Paper 655-A) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^An inadequate water supply and an increasing demand for water have made conservation of water essential in the arid Southwest. One conservation method, which has been used in several places and which has been proposed for others, is replacement of phreatophytes by useful vegetation. Nonbeneficial plants infest areas of shallow ground water, such as flood plains of major rivers. Tank studies have shown that phreatophytes use more water than beneficial grass in the same location. However, many hydrologic variables in nature are not duplicated in tank Studies.^Gila River, Phreatophytes, Vegetation Removal^book^:
^1982^Culler, R. C.;Hanson, R. L.;Myrick, R. M.;Turner, Ray M.^Culler, R.C., R.L. Hanson, R.M. Myrick & Ray M. Turner (1982): Evapotranspiration Before and After Clearing Phreatophytes, Gila River Flood Plain, Graham County, Arizona. (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 655-P.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Environmental Change, Evapotranspiration, Floodplain, Gila River, Graham County, Phreatophytes, Vegetation, Water Supply^book^:
^1985^Cummins, Faith;Duncan, Terree;Finley, Fonda;Hamn, S. E.;O'Neil, Jerry;Sanchez, Kitty;Shipman, Jeffrey;Teer, J. F.^Cummins, Faith, Terree Duncan, Fonda Finley, S.E. Hamn, Jerry O'Neil, Kitty Sanchez, Jeffrey Shipman & J.F. Teer (1985): Where the Waters Meet: A 13, 000-Year Adventure Along the Aravaipa. Central Arizona College, Aravaipa Campus, Winkelman, Arizona.^^Agriculture, Aravaipa Creek, Camp Grant, Ethnoecology, History, Indians^book^:
^1975^Curtis, Robert L.;Ripley, Thomas H.^Curtis, Robert L. & Thomas H. Ripley (1975): Water Management Practices and Their Effect on Nongame Bird Habitat Values in a Deciduous Forest Community. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Management of Forest and Range Habitats for Nongame Birds. (Ed: Smith, D.R.) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, WO-1.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 128-141.^^Anthology/proceedings, Birds, Forests/woodlands, Habitat, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1992^D'Antonio,Carla M.; Vitousek,Peter M.^D'Antonio,Carla M.; Vitousek,Peter M. (1992):Biological Invasions by Exotic Grasses, the Grass/Fire Cycle, and Global Change. Annual Review of Ecological Systems 23, 63-87.^"Biological invasions into wholly new regions are a consequence of a far reaching but underappreciated component of global environmental change, the human-caused breakdown of biogeographic barriers to species dispersal. Human activity moves species from place to place both accidentally and delibertely - and it does so at rates that are without precedent in the last tens of millions of years. As a result, taxa that evolved in isolation from each other are being forced into contact in an instant of evolutionary Time."^Climate, Environmental Change, Exotic Species^article^:
^1990^Dahl, T. E.^Dahl, T.E. (1990): Wetlands Losses in the United States 1780's to 1980's. U. S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D. C.^Wetlands are disappearing at a rapid rate. Although measures are actively being sought to stem wetland losses and restore wetland acreage, the rate of wetland conversion over the years has been dramatic. This is the first of two reports to Congress on the status of wetland resources in the United States. This report, a one-time effort, focuses on documenting historical wetland losses that occurred from colonial times through the 1980's. It is a compilation of existing data from a variety of sources. The second report will update the information contained in Status and Trends of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats in the Conterminous United States. The study effort for the second report will generate new information based on a statistical analysis of wetland changes from the 1970's to the 1980's. The status and trends report will be updated every ten years as required by the Emergency Wetlands Resources Act of 1986. This report is the product of the Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wetlands Inventory.^Environmental Change, Human Impact, Water Loss, Wetlands^book^:
^1974^Daniel, C.;Lamaire, R.^Daniel, C. & R. Lamaire (1974): Evaluating Effects of Water Resource Development on Wildlife Habitat. Wildlife Society Bulletin 2(3), 114-118.^^Habitat, Human Impact, Wildlife^article^:
^1961^Darrow, R. A.^Darrow, R.A. (1961): Origin and Development of the Vegetational Communities of the Southwest. In: Bioecology of the Arid and Semiarid Lands of the Southwest. (Eds: Shields, L.M. & C.J. Gardner) New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, 30-47. (Bioecology of the Arid and Semiarid Lands of the Southwest; Shields, L. M.; Gardner, C. J.; Las Vegas, New Mexico; New Mexico Highlands University; 30-47)^^Ecosystems, Paleobotany, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1944^Darrow, Robert A.^Darrow, Robert A. (1944):Arizona Range Resources and Their Utilization: Cochise County. (Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin, No. 103.) University of Arizona, College of Agriculture, Tucson.^^Grazing, San Pedro River, San Simon Creek, Sulphur Springs Valley, Vegetation^book^:
^1986^Dart, Allen^Dart, Allen (1986): Sediment Accumulation Along Hohokam Canals. The Kiva 51(2), 63-84.^"Low ridges of sediments that mark the courses of prehistoric Hohokam canal systems in the Queen Creek Delta of Arizona have been independently mapped by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service as discrete soil phases. To determine whether soil phase maps might be useful for identifying prehistoric canal systems elsewhere, previously mapped Hohokam canals in the Salt River Valley were compared with government soil phase Maps..."^Archaeology, Canals, Hohokam, Irrigation, Queen Creek, Sedimentation^article^:
^1903^Davis, Arthur Powell^Davis, Arthur Powell (1903): Water Storage on Salt River, Arizona. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (United States Geological Survey Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 73)^Salt River Valley lies south of the center of the Territory of Arizona, and contains by far the largest irrigated area in that Territory. Its water supply is obtained from Salt River, forming below the confluence of Verde River the largest stream in Arizona.^Dams, Salt River, Water Supply^book^:
^1897^Davis, Arthur Powell^Davis, Arthur Powell (1897): Irrigation Near Phoenix, Arizona. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^The storage of flood waters on a large scale is fast coming to be a matter of prime importance in connection with the development of the arid portions of the United States. The irrigation projects which involve comparatively small expenditure, or which can readily be handled by associated effort, have already been entered upon, but there still remain many localitites where, as time goes on, the necessity for water conservation becomes more and more pressing. This is especially the case in southern Arizona, in the Salt and Gila valleys. Here, under the genial semitropic conditions, large returns are obtained from the fertile soil, some of the most valuable fruits are raised, and crop follows crop in rapid succession, farming operations being continued throughout the Year.^Dams, Gila River, Irrigation, Salt River^book^:
^1993^Davis, Bill^Davis, Bill (1993): Rio Salado: A River Runs Through It. Tempe Daily News Tribune (April 25-26).^A series of articles in the Tempe Daily News Tribune discussing the Salt River and the 'Rio Salado Project'.^Restoration, Salt River, Tempe, Urbanization^article^:
^1986^Davis, Jr, Goode P.^Davis, Jr., Goode P. (1986): Man and Wildlife in Arizona: The American Exploration Period 1824-1865. 2nd ed. (Series Eds: Carmony, Neil B. & David E. Brown) Arizona Game and Fish Dept., Phoenix.^"This book is a compilation of the records of encounters with wildlife and habitats contained in the writings of American explorers who visited Arizona from 1824 to 1865. These descriptions of a virgin wilderness provide a benchmark with which later observtions can be compared and subsequent changes in the biota and landscapes thus be determined...The literature from the Spanish exploration period is not reviewed Here."^Anthology/proceedings, Exploration, Human Impact, Wildlife^book^:
^1993^Davis, Judith C.^Davis, Judith C. (1993): The Hydrology and Plant Communities of Canelo Hills Cienega, an Emergent Wetland in Southeast Arizona. Microfiche at U. of A. Library 1993.^^Canelo Hills, Cochise County, Ecosystems, Hydrology, Vegetation, Wetlands^other^:
^1994^Davis, Owen K.^Davis, Owen K. (1994): Pollen Analysis of Borderland Cienegas. Contract No. HQ/AZ-920815-1; Report submitted to Richard P. Young, The Nature Conservancy, Arizona Field Office, 300 E. University Blvd., Suite 230, Tucson, Arizona 85704; 105 Pages.^^Pollen, Wetlands^other^:
^1994^Davis, Owen K.^Davis, Owen K. (1994): The Correlation of Summer Precipitation in the Southwestern U.S.A. With Isotopic Records of Solar Activity During the Medieval Warm Period. Climatic Change (March), 271-287.^Decreased solar activity correlates with positive cosmogenic isotope anomalies, and with cool, wet climate in temperate regions of the world. The relationship of isotope anomalies to climate may be the opposite for areas influenced by monsoonal precipitation, i.e., negative anomalies may be wet and warm. Petersen ... has found evidence for increased summer precipitation in the American Southwest that can be shown to be coincident with negative Carbon 14 anomalies during the Medieval Warm Period. The present study compares palynological indicators of lake level for the Southwest with Petersen's data and with the Carbon 14 isotope Chronology...^Climate, Precipitation^article^:
^1990^Davis, Owen K.^Davis, Owen K. (1990): Pollen Analysis of Hassayampa Preserve, Maricopa Co., Arizona. Report to The Nature Conservancy, Hassayampa River Preserve, Box 1162, Wickenburg, Arizona 85385.^^Hassayampa River, Pollen^other^:
^1985^Davis, Owen K.;Hevly, R. H.;Faust, R.^Davis, Owen K., R.H. Hevly & R. Faust (1985): A Comparison of Historic and Prehistoric Vegetation Change Caused by Man in Central Arizona. AASP Contribution Series 16, 63-75.^^Paleobotany, Pollen, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1992^Davis, Owen K.;Shafer, David S.^Davis, Owen K. & David S. Shafer (1992): A Holocene Climatic Record for the Sonoran Desert From Pollen Analysis of Montezuma Well, Arizona, USA. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Pelaeoecology 92, 107-119.^Pollen and macrofossil analyses of a radiocarbon-dated core, 1125 m, Yavapai County, Arizona, provide a record of summer precipitation similar to that of other monsoonal regions of the world. Precipitation was least from 4000 to 5000 yr B.P., and generally was greater than today before 8400 yr B.P. During the early-Holocene moist period, oak and grass pollen are abundant, and the best modern analogs are within the Arizona Monsoon bounday, so increased summer precipitation is indicated. Climatic parameters are estimated with the technique of best modern analogs for fossil samples. Temperature was highest ca. 3400 and 5700 yr B.P., and generally was cooler than today before 6800 yr B.P. Brief cold intervals in the Holocene match periods of global cooling and of positive Carbon 14 and Be 10 Anomalies.^Climate, Paleobotany, Pollen, Precipitation, Yavapai County^article^:
^1986^Davis, Owen K.;Turner, Raymond M.^Davis, Owen K. & Raymond M. Turner (1986): Palynological Evidence for the Historic Expansion of Juniper and Desert Shrubs in Arizona, U.S.A. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 49, 177-193.^Analysis of the sediment of Pecks Lake, Yavapai County, Arizona, has permitted the first reported palynological evidence for the historic expansion of juniper and desert shrubs in the American Southwest. The palynological evidence is supported by the comparison of modern and historical photographs, which shows the regional expansion of pinyon-juniper woodland, and the local increase of mesquite and creosote bush. A gradual increase in juniper pollen percentages began over 2000 years ago, but the rate of increase abruptly accelerated after the historic introduction of grazing animals. In contrast, juniper percentages did not increase during a prehistoric interval of intense disturbance by humans, about A.D. 1200, and a different weed flora was present. Prehistorically, water depth was greatest at ca. 600 B.C. and was lowest just prior to the arrival of Europeans. Regional climate has gradually cooled since the beginning of the record at 2630 B.p.^Paleobotany, Pollen, Vegetation Change, Yavapai County^article^:
^1978^Davisson, Lori^Davisson, Lori (1978): Arizona's White River - A Working Watercourse. Journal of Arizona History 19(1, Spring), 55-72.^Like the well-chronicled Gila, Salt and Colorado, the White River of Central Arizona has served many purposes. The only practical use to which it has not been put is transportation. Any voyages on it were purely accidental and not in accordance with the wishes of those being transported. In all other aspects, however, it has been a working river with a long and colorful history of utilization for practical Purposes.^History, Human Impact, White River^article^:
^1950^Dawson, Glen^Dawson, Glen (1950): A Journal of the Overland Route to California and the Gold Mines. Dawson's Book Shop, Los Angeles, California.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Gila River, Journals, Santa Cruz River, Travel^book^:
^1970^de la Torre, A. C.^de la Torre Condes, Alberto (1970): Streamflow in the Upper Santa Cruz Basin, Santa Cruz and Pima Counties, Arizona. (U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper, 1939-A.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^Pima County, Santa Cruz County, Santa Cruz River, Streamflow^book^:
^1929^de Luxan, Diego Perez;Hammond, George Peter;Rey, Agapito^de Luxan, Diego Perez, George Peter Hammond & Agapito Rey (1929): Expedition into New Mexico Made By Antonio De Espejo, 1582-1583 (As Revealed in the Journal of Diego Perez de Luxan, a Member of the Party). The Quivira Society, Los Angeles. ((As Revealed in the Journal of Diego Perez De Luxan, a Member of the Party); Hammond, George Peter; Rey, Agapito)^^Exploration, Hopi Indians, Little Colorado River, Maps, Spanish, Verde River^book^:
^1938^de Niza, Fray Marcos^de Niza, Fray Marcos (1938): His Own Personal Narrative of Arizona Discovered by Fray Marcos de Niza Who in 1539 First Entered These Parts on His Quest For the Seven Cities of Cibola. Bonaventure Oblasser, O.F.M., Topawa, Arizona.^^Exploration, Journals, Spanish^book^:
^1974^Deacon, J. E.;Minckley, W. L.^Deacon, J.E. & W.L. Minckley (1974): Desert Fishes. In: Desert Biology. Vol. II. (Ed: Brown, Jr, GW) Academic Press, Inc., New York, 385-488.^^Fish^chapter^:
^1976^Deacon, James E.;Baker, John R.^Deacon, James E. & John R. Baker (1976): Aquatic Investigation on the Colorado River from Separation Canyon to the Grand Wash Cliffs, Grand Canyon National Park. (Grand Canyon National Park Colorado River Research Ser., Contract 43; NTIS accession no. PB 267734/AS.) (Colorado River Research Program Technical Report, No. 15.) University of Nevada, Las Vegas. 26 Pages.^^Aquatic Biota, Colorado River, Ecosystems, Grand Canyon, Riparian Areas, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1985^Dean, Jeffrey S.;Euler, Robert C.;Gumerman, George J.;Plog, Fred;Hevly, Richard H.;Karlstrom, Thor N. V.^Dean, Jeffrey S., Robert C. Euler, George J. Gumerman, Fred Plog, Richard H. Hevly & Thor N.V. Karlstrom (1985): Human Behavior, Demography, and Paleoenvironment on the Colorado Plateaus. American Antiquity 50(3), 537-554.^"Archaeological and peleoenvironmental data are integrated in an investigation of culture change among the Anasazi of the American Southwest by a conceptual model of the interaction among environment, population, and behavior, the major determinants of human adaptive systems. Geological, palynological, and dendrochronological reconstructions of low and high frequency environmental variability coupled with population trends are used to specify periods of regional population-resource stress that should have elicited behavioral responses. Examination of these periods elucidates the range of responses employed and clarifies the adaptive contributions of mobility, shift of settlement location, subsistence mix, exchange, ceremonialism, agricultural intensification, and territoriality. These results also demonstrate the adaptive importance of amplitude, frequency, temporal, spatial, and durational aspect of environmental variability compared to the commonly invoked but simplistic contrast bewtween 'favorable' and 'unfavorable' Conditions."^Anasazi, Colorado River, Environmental Change, Ethnoecology, Little Colorado River, Paleobotany^article^:
^1978^Dean, Jeffrey S.;Robinson, William J.^Dean, Jeffrey S. & William J. Robinson (1978): Expanded Tree-Ring Chronologies for the Southwest. (U.S. Chronology Series, No. 3.) Lab of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Climate, Dendrochronology^book^:
^1977^DeBano, Leonard F.^DeBano, Leonard F. (1977): Influence of Forest Practices on Water Yield, Channel Stability, Erosion, and Sedimentation in the Southwest. In: Proceedings, Society of American Foresters National Convention. Society of American Foresters, Washington D.C.^Water yield, erosion, and sedimentation processes in chaparral, pinyon juniper, ponderosa pine, and mixed conifer forests in the semiarid Southwest are Reviewed.^Erosion, Forests/woodlands, Logging, Sedimentation, Water Supply^chapter^:
^1995^DeBano, Leonard F.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Ortega-Rubio, Alredo; Gottfried, Gerald J.; Jamre, Rovert H.; Edminster, Carleton B. (Eds.)^DeBano, Leonard F.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Ortega-Rubio, Alredo; Gottfried, Gerald J.; Jamre, Rovert H.; Edminster, Carleton B. (Eds.) (1995):Biodiversity and Management of the Madrean Archipelago: The Sky Islands of Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico. (Proceedings of the symposium, 1994 Sept. 19-23; Tucson, AZ) (General Technical Report, RM-GTR-264.) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO. 669 pages.^This conference brought together scientists and managers from government, universities, and private organizations to examine the biological diversity and management challenges of the unique 'sky island' ecosystems of the mountains of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Session topics included: floristic resources, plant ecology, vertebrates, invertebrates, hydrology and riparain systems, aquatic resources, fire, conservation and management, human uses through time, and visions for the Future.^Fire, Flora, Human Impact, Hydrology, Sky Islands^book^:
^1988^Decamps, H.;Fortune, Madeline;Gazelle, Fran‡ios;Pautou, Guy^Decamps, H., Madeline Fortune, Fran‡ois Fazelle & Guy Pautou (1988): Historical Influence of Man on the Riparian Dynamics of a Fluvial Landscape. Landscape Ecology 1, 163-173.^^Geomorphology, Human Impact, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1960^Decker, John^Decker, John (1960): Relation of Phreatophytes to Water Yield in Arid Environments. In: Symposium, Water Yield in Relation to Environment in the Southwestern United States. (Eds: Warnock, Vorton H. & J.L. Gardner) Sul Ross State College, Alpine, Texas.^^Evapotranspiration, Phreatophytes, Water Supply^chapter^:
^1962^Decker, John;Gaylor, William G.;Cole, Frank D.^Decker, John, William G. Gaylor & Frank D. Cole (1962): Measuring Transpiration of Undisturbed Tamarisk Shrubs. Plant Physiology 37(3), 393-397.^^Evapotranspiration, Saltcedar^article^:
^1977^DeCook, K. J.^DeCook, K.J. (1977): Surface Water Quality Monitoring, San Pedro River Basin, Arizona: A Report of the Arizona Department of Health Services. University of Arizona, Water Resources Research Center, Tucson.^^San Pedro River, Surface Water, Water Quality^book^:
^1978^DeKok, David^DeKok, David (1978): A Bibliography of References and Data Sources on the Arizona Lands Bordering the Lower Colorado River. University of Arizona Agricultural Extension Office, Tucson.^^Bibliography, Colorado River, Land Use^book^:
^1940^del Castillo, J.^del Castillo, J. (1940): Influence of the Cattle Industry on the Frontier. On file at Arizona Department of Library, Archives, & Public Records, Phoenix.^'...the advance line of frontier settlements moved on with ever increasing acceleration. The cattlemen were the first of the white pioneers to take advantage of the new situation. The history of the cattle industry east of the Staked Plains before 1875 was largely interwoven with that of the military establishments found there. The forces stationed at the several frontier forts were almost constantly engaged, one way or another, in defending the cattle interests against white thieves and Indian marauders. The disappearance of the frontier resulted from the occupation of the country by the cattlemen, and the building of railways across the western part of the state; hence the develoopment of these two factors reveals the transition from the old period to the New.^Human Impact, Railroads, Ranching, Settlement^other^:
^1991^del Villar,Mary; del Villar,Fred^del Villar,Mary; del Villar,Fred (1991):Where the Strange Roads Go Down. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 244 Pages.^^Mexico^book^:
^1987^Delaney, Robert W.^Delaney, Robert W. (1987): The Modification of Land Use by Plant Introduction: The Spanish Experience. Journal of the West (July), 26-33.^^Exotic Species, Land Use, Missions, Native Species, Spanish^article^:
^1935^Dellenbaugh, Frank S.^Dellenbaugh, Frank S. (1935): Resume and Grand Canyon History. Grand Canyon Natural History Association Bulletin 2, 1-6.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon^article^:
^1912^Dellenbaugh, Frank S.^Dellenbaugh, Frank S. (1912): Cross-Cutting and Retrograding of Streambeds. Science 3.^^Erosion, Geomorphology^article^:
^1965^Dellenbaugh, Frederick S.^Dellenbaugh, Frederick S. (1965): The Romance of the Colorado River. 1965 ed. The Rio Grande Press Inc., Chicago.^The story of its discovery in 1540, with an account of the later explorations, and with special reference to the voyages of Powell through the line of the great Canyons.^Colorado River, Exploration, History^book^:
^1905^Dellenbaugh,Frederick S.^Dellenbaugh,Frederick S. (1905):Breaking the Wilderness: The Story of the Conquest of the Far West, from the Wanderings of Cabeza de Vaca, to the First Descent of the Colorado by Powell, and the Completion of the Union Pacific Railway, with Particular Account of the Exploits of Trappers and Traders. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York and London. 360 pages.^"In this volume I have endeavoured to present a review in chronological order of the important events which contributed to breaking the Wilderness that so long lay untamed west of the Mississippi, mentioning with as much detail as possible in a single popular volume the principal persons and happenings in proper sequence, but paying special attention to the trapper and trader element, which, more than any other, dispelled the mysteries of the vast Region."^Colorado River, Exploration, Hunting/fishing/trapping, Spanish^book^:
^1992^DeMaris, B. D.^DeMaris, B.D. (1992): The Native Population of the Americas in 1492. University of Wisconsin, Madison.^^Indians, Population^book^:
^1932^Derby, George H.^Derby, George H. (1932): The Topographic Reports of Lieutenant George P. Derby; with Introduction and Notes by Francis P. Farquhar. California Historical Society Special Publication No. 6.^^Colorado River, Exploration, Maps, Surveys^other^:
^1852^Derby, George H.^Derby, George H. (1852): Report of the Expedition of the United States Transport "Invincible, " (Capt. A. H. Wilcox) Made...to the Gulf of California and River Colorado.1850 and 1851. 32nd Congress, 1st Session, Washington, D. C. (Senate Executive Document No. 81)^^Colorado River Delta, Exploration, Steamboats^book^:
^1969^Derby, Lt George Horatio^Derby, Lt George Horatio (1969):Derby's Report on Opening the Colorado 1850-1851, From the Original Report of Lt. George Horatio Derby. (Series Ed: Faulk, Odie B.) University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 54 pages.^The junction of the Gila and Colorado Rivers was one of the great natural crossroads of the American Southwest. the mighty Colorado, flowing north and south, provided easy access to the interior of a region rich in minerals, while the Gila, flowing east and west, was a natural highway across the barren desert of Arizona and New Mexico. The Spaniards quickly realized the strategic importance of the junction when the permanence of their colony in California hinged on getting supplies to the region. In 1780 they attempted to plant a settlement at the junction. The Yuma Indians, members of the Quechan nation, proved hostile and destroyed the settlement in an uprising in 1781. Between 1823 and 1826 the Mexican government similarly attempted to open a land route to California via Yuma Crossing. It also was unsuccessful. Americans first came to the junction of the Gila and Colorado as fur trappers, and they likewise found the Indians Hostile.^Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Trade, Transportation^book^:
^1980^Diaz, H.;Quayle, R.^Diaz, H. & R. Quayle (1980): The Climate of the United States Since 1895, Spatial and Temporal Changes. Monthly Weather Review 108, 249-266.^^Climate^article^:
^1977^Dick-Peddie, William A.;Hubbard, John P.^Dick-Peddie, William A. & John P. Hubbard (1977): Classification of Riparian Vegetation. In: The Importance, Preservation and Management of the Riparian Habitat. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy & Dale A. Jones) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, GTR-RM43.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, 85-90.^Historically, little attention has been given to vegetation associated with water courses. The reasons for this neglect are reviewed. Today there is considerable interest in riparian vegetation and a classification system would be of value. A classification system is proposed for riparian vegetation of New Mexico.^Classification, Riparian Areas, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1987^Dill, Jr, David B.^Dill, Jr., David B. (1987): Terror on the Hassayampa: The Walnut Grove Dam Disaster of 1890. Journal of Arizona History (Autumn), 283-306.^^Dam Collapse, Hassayampa River, Walnut Grove Dam^article^:
^1956^DiPeso, Charles C.^DiPeso, Charles C. (1956): The Upper Pima of San Cayetano del Tumacacori: an Archaeological Reconstruction of the Ootam sic of Pimeria Alta. Vol. 7. Amerind Foundation, Dragoon. 500 Pages.^^Archaeology, Missions, Pimeria Alta, Tohono O'odham, Tumacacori^book^:
^1951^DiPeso, Charles C.^DiPeso, Charles C. (1951): The Babocomari Village Site on the Babocomari River, Southeastern Arizona. The Amerind Foundation, Inc., Dragoon, Arizona. 248 Pages.^^Archaeology, Babocomari River, Cochise County, Indians, San Pedro River^book^:
^1985^Ditter, Jr, Alfred E.;Dove, D. E.^Ditter, Jr., Alfred E. & D.E. Dove (Eds.) (1985): Proceedings of the Hohokam Symposium. Archaeological Society, Phoenix.^^Anthology/proceedings, Hohokam^book^:
^1981^Dobyns, Henry F.^Dobyns, Henry F. (1981): From Fire To Flood: Historic Human Destruction of Sonoran Desert Riverine Oases. Ballena Press, Socorro, New Mexico.^^Agriculture, Arroyos, Fire, Floods, Gila River, Grazing, Human Impact, Indians, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Sonoran Desert, Water Loss^book^:
^1978^Dobyns, Henry F.^Dobyns, Henry F. (1978): Who Killed the Gila? Journal of Arizona History 19(1, Spring).^Once upon a time the beautiful Gila River flowed clear and abundantly westward for hundreds of miles from mountain headwaters in southwestern New Mexico, emptying into the Colorado River not far north of its own delta at the head of the Gulf of California. From its many small tributaries to its mouth the Gila River system contributed abundant food resources to Native Americans living near its banks. In the mountains they built many run-off-control structures of stone to exploit scant precipitation. Along the middle Gila, west of the mountains, other tribesmen diverted much of the river mainstream and Salt River tributary flow into large irrigation canals to water thousands of hectares of summer crops supporting a dense oasis population. Below the mouth of Salt river along the Lower Gila, other tribesmen planted crops on shifting sandbars and flourished on abundant fish they could catch in a few Minutes.^Agriculture, Colorado River, Gila River, Human Impact, Pima Indians, Population Decline, Salt River, Species Decline, Water Loss^article^:
^1976^Dobyns, Henry F.^Dobyns, Henry F. (1976): Native American Historical Demography: A Critical Bibliography. Indiana University, Bloomington.^^Bibliography, Indians, Population^book^:
^1973^Dobyns, Henry F.^Dobyns, Henry F. (1973): The Mescalero Apache. Indian Tribal Service, Phoenix. 106 Pages.^^Apaches, Description, Gila River, History^book^:
^1972^Dobyns, Henry F.^Dobyns, Henry F. (1972): The Papago People. Indian Tribal Service, Phoenix. 20 Pages.^^Description, History, Santa Cruz River, Tohono O'odham^book^:
^1971^Dobyns, Henry F.^Dobyns, Henry F. (1971): The Apache People. Indian Tribal Service, Phoenix. 106 Pages.^^Apaches, Description, History^book^:
^1963^Dobyns, Henry F.^Dobyns, Henry F. (1963): Indian Extinction in the Middle Santa Cruz River Valley, Arizona. New Mexico Historical Review 38(2), 163-181.^The middle Santa Cruz River Valley south from Punta de Agua to near the modern boundary between the United States and Mexico supported a large prehistoric population of northern Piman Indians. The number of ruins recorded in the area attests to the former density of Indian population, which was also documented to some extent in early Spanish records dealing with frontier affairs in northwestern New Spain. Yet, no native Piman Indian population remains in the middle river valley today. The only Indians currently living there are immigrant Papagos, Yaquis and a scattering of Indians from other tribes who inhabit migrant labor camps built by non-Indian farmers, primarily engaged in cotton production. Nor has there been more than seasonal occupation by northern Piman Indians (a group which includes the contemporary Papagos) for over a century, except in immigrant settlements satellite to Anglo-American mining or farming Enterprises.^Archaeology, Indians, Population Decline, Santa Cruz River^article^:
^1962^Dobyns, Henry F.^Dobyns, Henry F. (1962): Pioneering Christians Among the Indians of Tucson. editor: Estudios Andinos, Lima.^^Exploration, Indians, Missions, Santa Cruz River, Tucson^other^:
^1996^Dobyns, Henry F.;Contreras, B.;Gortarez, G.^Dobyns, Henry F., B. Contreras & G. Gortarez (No date): Index to Tubac Through Four Centuries. Microfilm, University of Arizona Library, Tucson. 25 Pages.^^History, Santa Cruz River, Tubac^book^:
^1980^Dobyns, Henry F.;Euler, Robert C.^Dobyns, Henry F & Robert C. Euler (1980): Indians of the Southwest: a Critical Bibliography. Indiana University Press, Bloomington.^^Bibliography, Indians^book^:
^1976^Dobyns, Henry F.;Euler, Robert C.^Dobyns, Henry F. & Robert C. Euler (1976): The Walapai People. Indian Tribal Service, Phoenix. 186 Pages.^^Colorado River, Description, History, Hualapai^book^:
^1972^Dobyns, Henry F.;Euler, Robert C.^Dobyns, Henry F. & Robert C. Euler (1972): The Navajo People. Indian Tribal Service, Phoenix. 15 Pages.^^Colorado River, Description, History, Little Colorado River, Navajos^book^:
^1971^Dobyns, Henry F.;Euler, Robert C.^Dobyns, Henry F. & Robert C. Euler (1971): The Havasupai People. Indian Tribal Service, Phoenix. 71 Pages.^^Colorado River, Description, Havasupai, History^book^:
^1971^Dobyns, Henry F.;Euler, Robert C.^Dobyns, Henry F. & Robert C. Euler (1971): The Hopi People. Indian Tribal Service, Phoenix. 106 Pages.^^Description, History, Hopi Indians, Little Colorado River^book^:
^1970^Dobyns, Henry F.;Euler, Robert C.^Dobyns, Henry F. & Robert C. Euler (1970): Wauba Yuma's People: Comparative Socio-political Structure of the Pai Indians of Arizona. Prescott College Press, Prescott.^^Culture, Ethnology, Pai Tribes^book^:
^1976^Dobyns,Henry F.^Dobyns,Henry F. (1976):Spanish Colonial Tucson: A Demographic History. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 246 Pages.^^Gila River, History, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Spanish^book^:
^1959^Dobyns,Henry F.^Dobyns,Henry F. (1959):Some Spanish Pioneers in Upper Pimeria. The Kiva 25(1, October), 18-22.^"Fray Luis Baldonado recently published two articles in The Kiva dealing with the Upper Pimeria missions at Tumacacori, Bac, and Caborca under Spanish Franciscan administration. Some additional information about the frontier missionaries and settlers participating in the events described in the documents translated by Father Baldonado will provide a fuller picture of the mission-mining frontier in New Spain's Old Northwest."^Missions, Pimeria Alta, Santa Cruz River, Spanish^article^:
^1959^Dobyns,Henry F.^Dobyns,Henry F. (1959):Tubac Through Four Centuries. Arizona State Parks Board, Phoenix.^^History, Santa Cruz River, Settlement, Tubac^book^:
^1910^Dodge, R. E.^Dodge, R.E. (1910): The Formation of Arroyos in Adobe-filled Valleys in the Southwest. British Association for the Advancement of Science 79, 531-532.^^Arroyos, Erosion, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1902^Dodge, R. E.^Dodge, R.E. (1902): Arroyo Formation. American Geologist 29, 322.^^Arroyos, Erosion, Geomorphology^article^:
^1975^Doelle, William H.^Doelle, William H. (1975): The Gila Pima at First Contact: 1697-1699. Unpublished manuscript on file at Arizona State Museum, Tucson.^^Gila River, Human Impact, Pima Indians, Spanish^other^:
^1974^Dolan, Robert;Howard, Alan;Gallenson, Arthur^Dolan, Robert, Alan Howard & Arthur Gallenson (1974): Man's Impact on the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon. American Scientist 62(July/August), 392-401.^"The Grand Canyon is being affected both by the vastly changed Colorado River and by the increased presence of Man."^Colorado River, Dams, Geomorphology, Grand Canyon, Human Impact^article^:
^1860^Domenech, E. H. D.^Domenech, E.H.D. (1860): Seven Years' Residence in the Great Deserts of North America. Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, London.^^Anglos, Biography, Travel^book^:
^1984^Donart, G. B.^Donart, G.B. (1984): The History and Evolution of Western Rangelands in Relation to Woody Plant Communities. In: Developing Strategies for Rangeland Management. Westview Press, Boulder.^^Grasslands, Grazing, Shrubs, Uplands, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1963^Dortignac, E. J.^Dortignac, E.J. (1963): Rio Puerco: Abused Basin. In: The Challenge of the Arid (Ed: Hodge, Carl) American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, D. C., 45-51.^^Environmental Change, Erosion, Human Impact, Rio Puerco^chapter^:
^1960^Dortignac, E. J.^Dortignac, E.J. (1960): The Rio Puerco: Past Present and Future. In: New Mexico Water Conference Proceedings. Vol. 5. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 45-51.^^Anthology/proceedings, Environmental Change, Erosion, History, Rio Puerco^chapter^:
^1982^Douglas, A. V.;Cayan, D. R.;Namais, J.^Douglas, A.V., D.R. Cayan & J. Namais (1982): Large-Scale Weather Patterns in Recent Decades. Monthly Weather Review 110, 1851-1862.^^Climate^article^:
^1954^Douglas, Ernest^Douglas, Ernest (1954): Phreatophytes: Water Hogs of the West. Land Improvement (December), 8-12.^Water - 'the limiting factor' - is scarce in many parts of the United States, especially the American Southwest. But 16 million acres of water-hogging 'salt cedar' are wasting huge quantaties of our precious Water...^Evapotranspiration, Phreatophytes, Saltcedar^article^:
^1996^Dove, Donald^Dove, Donald (No date): Early White Settlements Along the Gila River, Arizona: 1850-1890. Unpublished manuscript, on file at Arizona State University Library, Tempe.^The Gila River develops in the vast mountain range west of the Rio Grande in New Mexico. It enters Arizona at a westerly course through the Arizona counties of Graham, Pinal, Maricopa, and Yuma. It terminates at the Colorado River on Arizona's western border at nearly the same latitude as it enters. The Gila winds its way through some of the finest agriculture land in the West. The Valley of the Gila is from one to five miles in width. Once this land is brought under cultivation with a sufficient amount of water, it can sustain large populations, as many of the early inhabitants before the white man Discovered.^Anglos, Gila River, History^other^:
^1890^Doyle, Al^Doyle, Al (1890): Hassayampa: A Brief History of This Famous Water Course. Arizona Champion 7(23, 15 March).^Talks a little about the dam collapse and how the river got its Name.^Dam Collapse, Hassayampa River, Walnut Grove Dam^article^:
^1972^Dreyfuss, John J.^Dreyfuss, John J. (1972): A History of Arizona's Counties and Courthouses. The Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^^Counties, History^book^:
^1980^Dubois, Susan M.;Smith, Ann W.^Dubois, Susan M. & Ann W. Smith (1980): The 1887 Earthquake, in San Bernardino Valley, Sonora: Historic Accounts and Intensity Patterns in Arizona. State of Arizona Bureau of Geology and Mineral Technology, University of Arizona, Tucson. (Special Paper No.^^Earthquake, Geology^book^:
^1918^Duce, James Terry^Duce, James Terry (1918): The Effect of Cattle on the Erosion of Canyon Bottoms. Science 47(1219, May 10), 450-452.^To every explorer in the arid canon country of southern Colorado the steep-walled arroyo trenched in the center of the flat alluvium bottom is a familiar sight. Its vertical banks many times twenty or twenty-five feet high in the soft crumbling soils are no mean impediment to travel and its sandy or stony bottom is a source of constant anxiety to the Freighter.^Arroyos, Cattle, Erosion, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1960^Duffen, William A.^Duffen, William A. (1960): Overland Via 'Jackass Mail' in 1858: The Diary of Phocion R. Way. Arizona and the West 2, 147-164. (ed.)^On June 4, 1858, Phocian R. Way arrived in El Paso, Texas, after a trip of twenty-eight days from his home in Cincinnati, Ohio. During this short time he traveled by riverboat to New Orleans and from there was taken by steamer to Indianola, Texas. Leaving the coast, passing through San Antonio, and then over the primitive trail via 'Jackass Mail' to El Paso, Way was initiated into the hardships of overland travel of the 1850's.^Anglos, Gila River, San Pedro River, Trails/roads, Travel^article^:
^1914^Dugmore, A. R.^Dugmore, A.R. (1914): The Domain of the Beaver, Being a History of Beavers. BJ Lippincott Co, Philadelphia. 225 Pages.^^Beaver, History, Photos/art^book^:
^1974^Duke, Alton^Duke, Alton (1974): When the Colorado River Quit the Ocean. Southwest Printers, Yuma. 122 Pages.^^Colorado River, Dams, History, Salton Sea^book^:
^1988^Dunlap, Thomas R.^Dunlap, Thomas R. (1988): That Kaibab Myth. Journal of Forest History 32(2, April), 60-67.^In October 1930 a Phoenix Gazette editorial, 'That Kaibab Myth, ' attached the Forest Service's management of the deer herd in the Kaibab National Forest. The 'myth', according to the writer of the editorial, was that the range was overcrowded. He claimed there were too few deer and that the Forest Service's liberal bag limit was allowing 'a steady stream of game hogs' from California to destroy 'the greatest deer forest in the world...taking away from future generations the same privelege of fine hunting that we have today.' The writer was wrong - there were too many deer, and they were overbrowsing the forest - but his headline was better than he knew. 'The Kaibab' became a myth (taking 'myth' as a piece of common wisdom, legend, or example, whether true, false, or in-between) - the most durable myth in American forest and game management. It was for two generations the centerpiece for explanations of how deer, hunters, and predators were related, and the repercussions of the debate it guided influence our ideas and policies even Today.^Colorado Plateau, Hunting/fishing/trapping, Species Decline, Wildlife^article^:
^1975^Dunn, L. P.^Dunn, L.P. (1975): American Indian: A Study Guide and Sourcebook. R & E Research Association, San Francisco. 119 Pages.^^Bibliography, Indians^book^:
^1959^Dunning, Charles H.^Dunning, Charles H. (1959): Rock to Riches. Southwest Publishing Company, Inc., Phoenix, Arizona.^For many years Arizona has been the greatest producer of non-ferrous metals of any of the United States. But, change the names of the mines and of the people operating them if you wish; the basic challenges and opportunities, the problems and their solutions, were essentially the same in any of our mining states. Yet the story of Arizona mining never has been told in a comprehensive way. Some of it has been written in bits and snatches, sometimes authentic, too often romanticized; frequently inaccurate, and seldom objectively. Because I have been active in Arizona and Southwestern mining for fifty years, many people suggested that I should write that story. This well nigh impossible task I agreed to undertake, and with professional help from writer-historian Edward H. Peplow, Jr. have written Rock to Riches, which in one volume attempts to tell how yesterday's waste rock has been converted into today's Riches.^History, Mining^book^:
^1992^Durham,Clarence W.^Durham,Clarence W. (1992):The Hashknife Kid. Privately Published, USA. 337 pages.^"This is the story about the author's granddad, Walter W. Durham, who was born a few years following the end of the American Civil War. His youth was marked by the uncertainties of a nation recovering from a divisive contest fought to 'Save the Union.' Walter's early years were influenced by the mistrust, and sometimes open animosity, that lingered in the countries poulance after the conflict. This was especially true in Texas, where many events described in this book took place. After the war Texas was a mix of north and south, but somehow it retained a society with a flavor of its Own."^History, Ranching^book^:
^1937^Durivage, J. E.^Durivage, J.E. (1937): Letters and Journal of John E. Durivage. In: Southern Trails to California in 1849. (Ed: Bieber, R.P.) (Southwest Historical Series, No. 5.) Arthur H. Clark Co., Glendale, California, 159-255.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Gila River, Journals, Travel^chapter^:
^1882^Dutton, C. E.^Dutton, C.E. (1882): Tertiary History of the Grand Canyon District. U.S. Geological Survey Monograph No. 2.^^Colorado River, Geology, Grand Canyon^other^:
^1966^Eason, Nicholas J.^Eason, Nicholas J. (1966): Fort Verde: An Era of Men and Courage. Fort Verde Museum Society, Camp Verde, Arizona.^^Fort Verde, History, Military, Verde River^book^:
^1937^Eaton Jr, Theodore H.^Eaton, Jr., Theodore H. (1937): Amphibians and Reptiles of the Navajo Country. National Youth Administration, Berkeley, California. 33 Pages.^^Amphibians, Colorado Plateau, Reptiles^book^:
^1937^Eaton Jr, Theodore H.;Morris, Dorothy;Morris, Ruth^Eaton, Jr., Theodore H., Dorothy Morris & Ruth Morris (1937): Mammals of the Navajo Country. National Youth Administration, Berkeley, California. 57 Pages.^^Colorado Plateau, Mammals^book^:
^1937^Eaton Jr, Theodore H.;Smith, Geraldine^Eaton, Jr., Theodore H. & GeraldineSmith (1937): Birds of the Navajo Country. National Youth Administration, Berkeley, California. 75 Pages.^^Birds, Colorado Plateau^book^:
^1937^Eaton, Jr, Theodore H.;Morris, D.;Morris, R.^Eaton, Jr., Theodore H., D. Morris & R. Morris (1937): Mammals of the Navajo Country. National Youth Administration, Berkeley, California.^^Colorado Plateau, Mammals^book^:
^1950^Eccleston, Robert;Hammong, George P.;Howes, Edward H.^Eccleston, Robert, George P. Hammond & Edward H. Howes (1950): Overland to California on the Southwestern Trail 1849. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles. 256 Pages.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Gila River, San Pedro River, San Simon Creek, Trails/roads, Travel^book^:
^1983^Eddy, Frank W.;Cooley, Maurice E.;Martin, Paul S.;Huckell, Bruce B.^Eddy, Frank W., Maurice E. Cooley, Paul S. Martin & Bruce B. Huckell (1983): Cultural and Environmental History of Cienega Valley, Southeastern Arizona. (Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona, No. 43.) University of Arizona, Tucson. 103 Pages.^^Cienega Creek, Environmental Change, History^book^:
^1992^Eden, Susanna;Wallace, Mary G.^Eden, Susanna & Mary G. Wallace (1992): Arizona Water: Information and Issues. (Issue Paper, 11.) Water Resources Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson. 56 pages.^"This issue paper is intended to present the important elements of water resource management in Arizona. It describes where the state's water supplies come from, how they are used, and how they are managed. In addition, the publication discusses some of the major water policy issues challenging Arizona's water managers, planners, and policymakers as the state enters the final decade of the twentieth century. The paper is divided into two major section. The first section sets out the current water situation. It describes the laws governing water use in Arizona and the organizations, agencies, and institutions that implement those laws. This section also provides estimates of water supply from the state's various sources and water use by its many water users. [...] The second section of this paper contains information about some of the most important water policy issues Arizonans must face. These discussions provide a history, description of current activities, and analysis of some of the major questions associated with each Issue."^Water Management^book^:
^1958^Edwards, E. I.^Edwards, E.I. (1958): Desert Voices: A Descriptive Bibliography. Westernlore Press, Los Angeles. 216 Pages.^^Bibliography, Culture^book^:
^1983^Eherts, Walter^Eherts, Walter (1983): Lost Treasure of the Hassayampa. Real West (August), 35, 49.^More information about the breech of Walnut Grove dam, and the safes that were lost in the Flood.^Dam Collapse, Hassayampa River, Walnut Grove Dam^article^:
^1985^Ely, L. L.;Baker, V. R.^Ely, L.L. & V.R. Baker (1985): Reconstructing Paleoflood Hydrology with Slackwater Deposits - Verde River, Arizona. Physical Geography 6(2), 103-126.^^Floods, Paleohydrology, Verde River^article^:
^1965^Embach, H. B.^Embach, H.B. (1965): Early History of Sheep in Arizona and the Arizona Wool Growers Association. Arizona Wool Growers Association, Phoenix, Arizona. (Unpublished)^^Grazing, History, Sheep^book^:
^1974^Emmett, W. W.^Emmett, W.W. (1974): Channel Aggradation in Western U. S. as Indicated by Observations at Vigil Network Sites. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Geomorphic Process in Arid Environments, Israel.^^Arroyos, Channel Change, Erosion, Geomorphology^other^:
^1848^Emory, Lieut Col W. H.^Emory, Lieut. Col. W.H. (1848): Notes of a Military Reconnaissance, from Fort Leavenworth, Missouri, to San Diego, in California, Including Part of the Arkansas, Del Norte, and Gila Rivers. Wendell and Van Benthuysen, Printers, Washington, D. C.^^Agriculture, Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Indians, Journals, Military, Travel^book^:
^1936^Engels, W. L.^Engels, W.L. (1936): Distribution of Races of the Brown Bat (Eptesicus) in Western North America. The American Midland Naturalist 17, 653-660.^^Mammals^article^:
^1979^Esposito, David M.;Milne, Michael M.;Simpson, A. Hyatt^Esposito, David M., Michael M. Milne & A. Hyatt Simpson (1979): Verde Valley Water Pollution Source Analysis. Northern Arizona Council of Governments, Flagstaff. 148 Pages.^^Verde River, Water Quality^book^:
^1986^Etter, P. A. (Ed.)^Etter, P. A. (Ed.) (1986):An American Odyssey: The Autobiography of a 19th-Century Scotsman, Robert Brownlee. University of Arkansas Press, Fayeteville, AR. (Original (1897) held by Arkansas Territorial Restoration, Little Rock. Typescript copy in the Bancroft Library (From Hadley, D. and T. Sheridan, 1995))^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, Exploration, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1938^Etz, D. B.^Etz, D.B. (1938): Reminiscences. Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^^Journals, San Pedro River, Settlement^other^:
^1992^Euler, Robert C.^Euler, Robert C. (1992): Grand Canyon Indians. In: The Grand Canyon: Intimate Views. (Eds: Euler, Robert C. & Frank Tikalsky) University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 42-59.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Havasupai^chapter^:
^1979^Euler, Robert C.^Euler, Robert C. (1979): The Havasupai of the Grand Canyon. American West 16(May/June), 12-17, 65.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Havasupai^article^:
^1979^Euler, Robert C.;Gumerman, George J.;Karlstrom, Thor N. V.;Dean, Jeffrey S.;Hevly, Richard H.^Euler, Robert C., George J. Gumerman, Thor N.V. Karlstrom, Jeffrey S. Dean & Richard H. Hevly (1979): The Colorado Plateaus: Cultural Dynamics and Paleoenvironment. Science 205(4411, September 14), 1081-1101.^"Convergent archeological, geological, palynological, dendrochronological, and radiometric data provide a paleoenvironmental record for the American Southwest at a level of detail and time resolution not previously achieved. Many prehistoric cultural and demographic changes on the Colorado Plateaus coincided with environmental fluctuations defined by precisely dated geoclimatic and bioclimatic indicators. These coincidences support the interpretation that socioeconomic changes and population displacements were commonly triggered by environmental Stress."^Archaeology, Climate, Colorado River, Dendrochronology, Geology, Indians, Little Colorado River, Paleobotany, Paleoclimatology, Pollen, Population^article^:
^1945^Evans, G. W. B.^Evans, G.W.B. (1945): The Journal of G. W. B. Evans. In: Mexican Gold Trail. (Ed: Dumke, G.S.) Huntington Library, San Marino, California, 340.^^Anglos, Exploration, Journals, Mexico, Santa Cruz River^chapter^:
^1968^Everitt, B. L.^Everitt, B.L. (1968): Use of the Cottonwood in an Investigation of the Recent History of a Floodplain. American Journal of Science 266, 417-439.^^Cottonwood-willow Forests, Floodplain, Hydrology^article^:
^1895^Evermann, B. W.;Rutter, C.^Evermann, B.W. & C. Rutter (1895): The Fishes of the Colorado Basin. Bulletin of the United States Natural Museum 14(1884), 487-499.^^Colorado River, Fish^article^:
^1961^Ewing, H. P.^Ewing, H.P. (1961): The Origins of the Pai Tribes. The Kiva 26(Feb.), 8-23.^^Colorado River, History, Pai Tribes^article^:
^1961^Ezell, Paul^Ezell, Paul (1961): The Hispanic Acculturation of the Gila River Pimas. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona. 456 P.^^Ethnology, Gila River, Pima Indians, Spanish^other^:
^1973^Faulk, O. B.^Faulk, O.B. (1973): Destiny Road - The Gila Trail. Oxford University Press, New York.^^Gila River, Trails/roads, Travel^book^:
^1976^Felger, Richard S.^Felger, Richard S. (1976): The Gulf of California: An Ethnological Perspective. Natural Resources Journal 16, 451-464.^^Colorado River Delta, Ethnoecology, Indians^article^:
^1985^Fenner, Patricia;Brady, Ward;Patton, David R.^Fenner, Patricia, Ward Brady & David R. Patton (1985): Effects of Regulated Water Flows on Regeneration of Fremont Cottonwood. Journal of Range Management 38, 135-138.^^Cottonwood-willow Forests, Dams^article^:
^1974^Ferguson, Constance^Ferguson, Constance (1974): Stone's Ferry: Old Letters Describe Colorado River Crossing by Mormon Pioneers in 1877. Plateau 46(3, Winter), 96-101.^'Such quantities of people, ' marvelled the keeper of Stone's Ferry, as a party of 84 busily prepared to cross the Colorado River on that clear, warm Wednesday morning of January 31, 1877. A single primitive flat-bottomed scow served patrons of Stone's Ferry, Nevada, located near the confluence of the Virgin and Colorado Rivers, where eight years before John Wesley Powell had concluded his exploration of the Colorado River. It was an isolated spot, and indeed 84 people might be considered 'quantities' by a man who compared that number to the usual lone horseman or the single family in a covered wagon that ordinarily made up his passenger list. These 84 people had another distinction besides the size of their party; they were the Lehi pioneers, on their way to establish the first Mormon community south of the Colorado - Little Colorado Boundary.^Anglos, Colorado River, Ferries, Little Colorado River, Mormons^article^:
^1863^Ferguson, D.^Ferguson, D. (1863): Report on the Country, its Resources, and the Route Between Tucson and Lobos Bay. (Published as 37th Congress, 3rd Session, Serial 1150, but should be 38th Congress, Special Session), Washington, D. C. (Senate Misc. Document No. 1)^^Colorado River, Description, Mexico, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1862^Fergusson, Major David^Fergusson, Major David (1862): Cultivated Fields in and about Tucson. Arizona Historical Society, Tucson. . Scale 1:3600.^^Agriculture, Maps, Santa Cruz River, Tucson^other^:
^1990^Ferris, K.^Ferris, K. (1990): Guide to Manuscript Collections in the Center for Southwest Research. Center for Southwest Research, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.^^Bibliography, Manuscripts^book^:
^1910^Ferriss, James H.^Ferriss, James H. (1910): A Collecting Excursion North of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado. Nautilus 23(9), 109-112.^^Aquatic Biota, Colorado Plateau, Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Invertebrates, Surveys^article^:
^1957^Ferry, Philip^Ferry, Philip (1957): The Little Colorado Runs Dry. Pacific Discovery 10(3, May/June), 18-23.^^Little Colorado River, Water Supply^article^:
^1935^Fertig, J. H.^Fertig, J.H. (1935): Construction of All-American Canal. Military Engineer 27, 467-469.^^Agriculture, Canals, Colorado River^article^:
^1990^Fifield, Michael;Pihlak, Madis;Cook, Edward;Southerland, Sharon^Fifield, Michael, Madis Pihlak, Edward Cook & Sharon Southerland (1990): Metropolitan Canals: A Regional Design Framework. Arizona State University, Tempe.^^Canals, Maricopa County, Salt River^book^:
^1932^Filby, E. L.^Filby, E.L. (1932): Mosquito Control Notes. Arizona State Health News (July), 3-7.^Like any other public health work, mosquito control repays the sanitarian in proportion to the amount of time, labor, and money invested. Mosquito control as a side issue to a health department spells ruin to the health department and the project. When the taxpaying public is informed that you contemplate doing mosquito control and are putting on an 'anti-mosquito' campaign, and then the program fails, your entire health work is endangered. So, think it over carefully, consider the problem involved, know what mosquitoes you are combatting, be sure the necessary funds are available and legal procedure certain, then, after a creful preliminary estimate of the situation, start your Program.^Disease, Mosquitoes^article^:
^1991^Finch, Deborah M.^Finch, Deborah M. (1991):Population Ecology, Habitat Requirements, and Conservation of Neotropical Migratory Birds. (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-205.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado. 26 pages.^In 1990, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation proposed a major initiative for the conservation of migratory landbirds that breed in North America and winter in neotropical countries. This report was prepared in support of the Foundation's Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Program and the USDA Forest Service's role in the program. Recent analyses of local and regional bird population counts, radar migration data, and capture data from banding stations show that forest-dwelling bird species, many of which are neotropical migrants, have experienced population declines in many areas of North America. The factors that have been advanced to explain the population declines include forest fragmentation on the breeding grounds, deforestation of wintering habitats, pesticide poisoning, or the cumulative effects of habitat changes. This literature review summarizes current information on population trends of neotropical migratory birds and the factors affecting migrant populations on the breeding and wintering grounds. Opportunities for research, monitoring, and conservation of neotropical migrants on Forest Service lands are Discussed.^Birds, Migration, Population Decline^book^:
^1973^Findley, Rowe^Findley, Rowe (1973):The Bittersweet Waters of the Lower Colorado. National Geographic October, 540-569.^Crystal drops of snowmelt give the river birth, high in the Rockies of its namesake state. Nourished by tributaries from Wyoming's Wind River Range and Utah's Uintas, it grows to muscular youth. In vigorous midcourse it cuts mighty canyons through desert plateaus in its rush toward the sea. Then, along its final 400 miles or so toward the Gulf of California, the Colorado becomes a different River.^Colorado River, Dams, Irrigation, Water Supply^article^:
^1993^Finley, James P.^Finley, James P (1993): Huachuca Illustrated. Huachuca Historical Society, Fort Huachuca.^^Fort Huachuca, History, Military, San Pedro River, Sierra Vista^book^:
^1978^Fireman, B.^Fireman, B. (1978): The Honeymoon Trail. Arizona Highways (March).^^Little Colorado River, Mormons, Settlement, Travel^article^:
^1971^Fireman, B.^Fireman, B. (1971): Use and Abuse of Southwestern Rivers: Historic Man and Anglo. Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest 1, 397-403.^^Human Impact, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1970^Fish, Joseph^Fish, Joseph (1970): Life and Times of Joseph Fish, Mormon Pioneer. (Series Ed: Krenkel, J.H.) Interstate Printers, Danville, Illinois. 543 Pages.^^Exploration, Gila River, Journals, Little Colorado River, Mormons^book^:
^1974^Fish, Paul R.^Fish, Paul R. (1974): Prehistoric Land Use in the Perkinsville Valley. The Arizona Archaeologist 8, 1-36.^^Archaeology, Land Use, Verde River^article^:
^1979^Fish, Paul R.;Bernstein, N. K.^Fish, Paul R. & N.K. Bernstein (1979): A Bibliography of Arizona Archaeology. Arizona Archaeological Council, Tucson.^^Archaeology, Bibliography^book^:
^1890^Flagstaff Champion^Flagstaff Champion (1890): Brief History of the Hassayampa River. Flagstaff Champion (March 15).^^Hassayampa River^article^:
^1991^Flieger, J. C.^Flieger, J.C. (1991): Dreams Come True for Cowboys Too! The Remarkable Life Story of Jo Curtis Flieger. Westernlore Press, Tucson, Arizona.^^Anglos, Aravaipa Creek, Biography, Ranching^book^:
^1991^Folk-Williams, J.^Folk-Williams, J. (1991): The Gila Basin and the Waters of Southern Arizona: A Guide to Decision Making. Western Network, Santa Fe. 58 Pages.^^Description, Gila River, History, Human Impact, Water Supply^book^:
^1969^Follett, Robert H.^Follett, Robert H. (1969): Quality of Water of the Gila River in Arizona Above Ashurst-Hayden Dam. Arizona State Department of Health, Phoenix. 22 pages.^"The Federal Water Quality Act of 1965 requires that water quality standards be established for surface waters in Arizona. These standards are also to include programs for surveillance of these surface waters. Arizona complied with the Federal Act by adopting water quality standards in July, 1968. These standards included surveillance of all surface water except the Gila Basin. As there is only limited water quality data on the Gila River, the existing water quality conditions must be defined before the establishment of a monitoring network can be undertaken. Therefore, the primary intent of this sutdy was to determine the existing water quality of the Gila River..."^Agriculture, Ashurst Hayden Dam, Chase Creek, Dripping Springs Wash, Gila River, Mineral Creek, Mining, San Carlos Apaches, San Francisco River, San Pedro River, San Simon Creek, Water Quality^book^:
^1990^Fonseca, Julia;Block, Michael;Longsworth, Melinda;Boggs, J.^Fonseca, Julia, Michael Block, Melinda Longsworth & J. Boggs (1990): Unique Waters Final Nominating Report for Cienega Creek Natural Preserve, Pima County, Arizona. Pima County Department of Transportation, Tucson.^^Cienega Creek, Pima County, Refuges/preserves, Water Quality^book^:
^1989^Fontana, Bernard L.^Fontana, Bernard L. (1989): Of Earth and Little Rain: The Papago Indians. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^This book is meant to provide an appreciation, in words and photographs, of one of the lesser-known groups of Indians in the United States and Mexico. That they are so little known to outsiders despite the fact that their reservation is the second largest in the United States says something about the depth of their Humility.^Description, Photos/art, Tohono O'odham^book^:
^1985^Fontana, Bernard L.^Fontana, Bernard L. (1985): Ol' Bill Williams. Journal of Arizona History May.^^Anglos, Bill Williams River, Biography, San Francisco Mountains^article^:
^1976^Fontana, Bernard L.^Fontana, Bernard L. (1976): Desertification of Papagueria: Cattle and the Papago. Office of Arid Land Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Cattle, Desertification, Ethnoecology, Grazing, Pimeria Alta, Tohono O'odham^book^:
^1971^Fontana, Bernard L.^Fontana, Bernard L. (1971): Calabazas of the Rio Rico. The Smoke Signal (24, Fall), 66-89.^Rio Rico! The 'Rich River, ' a river of many names. From 1689, when he first alluded to it, until his death in 1711, Father Eusebio Kino, pioneer priest of northern Sonora and southern Arizona, called it the Santa Maria. The stream took its name from Santa Maria Bugota, a small village of Piman Indians a few miles south of its source. Santa Maria Bugota became Santa Maria Suamca by 1732, but 'Holy Mary' remained the river's Name.^Missions, Pima Indians, Santa Cruz River, Spanish^article^:
^1958^Fontana, Bernard L.^Fontana, Bernard L. (1958): A detailed history of the Pima Indians of Arizona. Manuscript, Arizona State University Library, Tempe.^^History, Pima Indians^other^:
^1962^Fontana,Bernard L.; Greenleaf,J. Cameron; Ferguson,Charles W.; Wright,Robert A.; Frederick,Doris^Fontana,Bernard L.; Greenleaf,J. Cameron; Ferguson,Charles W.; Wright,Robert A.; Frederick,Doris (1962):Johnny Ward's Ranch: A Study in Historic Archaeology. The Kiva 28(1-2, October-December), 1-29.^"In 1959-1960 Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society members excavated the ruins of an Anglo-American ranch house in southern Arizona dating between 1859 and 1903. Pottery, stone, and shell Piman-Indian artifacts were recovered, but most artifacts were non-Indian: metal, paper, rubber, pottery, and glass. These are analyzed and described in detail, especially square cut nails and tin cans. the site vegetation is also analyzed and a discussion of tree-ring dating of mesquite and ash trees in included. The site is typical of western frontier ranch house sites; the artifacts have a common distribution throughout the United States."^Archaeology, Indians, Pima Indians, Santa Cruz River, Sonoita Creek^article^:
^1965^Forbes, Jack D.^Forbes, Jack D. (1965): Warriors of the Colorado: the Yumas of the Quechan Nation and Their Neigh-bors. University of Oklahoma, Norman. 378 Pages.^^Colorado River, History, Yuma Indians^book^:
^1906^Forbes, R. H.^Forbes, R.H. (1906): The Lower Courses of the Colorado. The Great Southwest 1(1, October), 1-6.^Perhaps the most interesting thing that can be said about a river is that it is a muddy river. To the geologist the varying increment of rockgrindings from distant mountain sides, lifted and dropped uncounted times on its course down stream, until finally it finds a resting place in the quiet deeps of the sea, explains a vast array of facts relating both to the destruction by erosion and to the re-formation by deposition of the earth's strata. To the irrigation engineer these sediments constitute a perplexing and sometimes unmanageable problems. To the farmer, also, they come both as a detriment and a blessing. The region wherein lies the culminating interest of a sediment-bearing stream is its delta. This is the repository whereupon the river, slackening its current with gentler grades or with its movement extinguished by the sea, finally drops its burden. The delta is the geological complement of the degraded mountain range. In the delta is won back again a battle lost in the highlands. Upon the rich deltas and along the alluvial margins of the wrold's great rivers, fertile with the spoils of the upper country, we find dense populations, contrasting in both numbers and character with the sparse mountain peoples on depleted mountain sides far above. Both natural and human history, therefore, are concerned in the varying proportions of sediment carried by river waters, and much of the general future of certain regions can be surmised from a knowledge of the character and amount of their Sedimentation.^Colorado River, Erosion, Geomorphology, Sedimentation^article^:
^1902^Forbes, R. H.^Forbes, R.H. (1902): The River-Irrigating Waters of Arizona: Their Character and Effects. (Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, No. 44.) University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Colorado River, Irrigation, Water Supply^book^:
^1901^Forbes, R. H.^Forbes, R. H. (1901):The Open Range and the Irrigation Farmer. (University of Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 38.) University of Arizona, Tucson. (Condensed from Bulletin No. 22)^There is one aspect of the irrigating water problem, not often discussed and upon which, indeed, very little accurate knowledge exists, which is, nevertheless, of great importance in connection with Arizona agriculture. This is, the relation between the open, grassy, range country and the water supply available to the irrigation farmer. For many years in the United States, and for a much longer time in Europe, the connection between forest soil-covers and the amount and regularity of the flow of streams has been observed and studied; but it may be stated with some confidence that the interests of irrigation in Southern Arizona and some other regions of like character, are affected more by the grassy, open range, than by forested Districts.^Cattle, Gila River, Grasses, Grazing, Irrigation, San Simon Creek^book^:
^1931^Ford, C. Daryll^Ford, C. Daryll (1931):Ethnography of the Yuma Indians. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 28(4), 83-278.^^Agriculture, Colorado River, History, Yuma Indians^article^:
^1983^Forman, Richard T. T.;Russell, Emily W. B.^Forman, Richard T.T. & Emily W.B. Russell (1983): Commentary: Evaluation of Historical Data in Ecology. Ecological Society of America Bulletin 64(1), 5-6.^A long and heavy human imprint on the lands is recognized by those who live in the Old World and in certain areas of the New World. Though humans have affected part of North America over the past fifteen or more millenia, the effect is documented in written history in only the past three to four centuries. The idea that human acitivities have had only recent minor ecological effects in places probably underlies the terms 'virgin, ' 'pristine, ' or 'relatively undisturbed' vegetation, which abound in the ecological literature of this continent. Despite such terms, most ecologists recognize today's communities and ecosystems as being the product of three major forces: evolution, human disturbance history, and present dynamic Processes.^Ecology, Historical Accuracy^article^:
^1849^Forsyth, John Robert^Forsyth, John Robert (1849):Journal of a Trip From Peoria, Illinois to California on the Pacific in 1849. Unpublished Manuscript from Peoria Public Library.^^Exploration, Santa Cruz River^other^:
^1971^Fortier, L. E.^Fortier, L.E. (1971): Early Irrigation Systems in the Salt River Valley. Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^In the last half of the nineteenth century and the first few years of the twentieth, a large number of canals were built across the valley of the Salt River. To do a complete history of all the various canals involved would result in a multivolume edition. In this paper I will try only to give a brief history of the founding of the various canals. The organization of this paper consists of a series of short reports on the various Canals.^Canals, Hohokam, Irrigation, Salt River^other^:
^1969^Fowler,Don D.; Euler,Robert C.; Fowler,Catherine S.^Fowler,Don D.; Euler,Robert C.; Fowler,Catherine S. (1969):John Wesley Powell and the Anthropology of the Canyon Country. (Geological Survey Professional Paper, 670.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 30 pages.^"From 1868 to 1879, John Wesley Powell devoted part of his time to a study of the Indians of the Canyon Country - those areas of Utah, western Colorado, northern Arizona, and northwestern New Mexico that are drained by the Colorado River and its tributaries. In 1879, Congress provided money for the completion of Powell's ethnological work, and this led to the creation of the Smithsonian Institution's Buerau of American Ethnology. More than 250 archaeological sites have been found below the rims of Marble and Grand Canyons; 37 of the sites are along Powell's river route, but only eight are recorded in Powell's reports or in the journals of those who went with him. The prehistoric human history of the Grand Canyon region is briefly described here by R. C. Euler. The origins of the Indians in the Canyon Country are portrayed by D. D. and C. S. Fowler, and brief accounts are presented, using quotations from Powell's notes, on Indian customs, practices, and Beliefs."^Archaeology, Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Indians^book^:
^1936^Fox, Charles Kirby^Fox, Charles Kirby (1934): The Head of the Gulf of California: a Discussion of the Spanish Explorations and Maps, the Colorado River Silt Load and its Seismic Effect on the Southwest. 46 Page Manu-script, University of California Bancroft Library.^^Colorado River Delta, Earthquake, Exploration, Sedimentation, Spanish^book^:
^1934^Fox, Charles Kirby^Fox, Charles Kirby (1936): The Colorado Delta: A Discussion of the Spanish Explorations, the Colorado River Silt Load and its Seismic Effect on the Southwest. mimeographed, Los Angeles.^^Colorado River Delta, Earthquake, Exploration, Maps, Sedimentation, Spanish^other^:
^1983^Foy, C. L.;Forney, D. R.;Cooley, W. E.^Foy, C.L., D.R. Forney & W.E. Cooley (1983): History of Weed Introductions. In: Exotic Plant Pests and North American Agriculture. (Eds: Wilson, Charles L. & Charles L. Graham) Academic Press, New York, 65-92.^"When man began the shift from a nomadic, hunting-gathering existence to an agrarian-centered lifestyle some 10, 000 or more years ago, he had already begun to fulfill his destiny as the dominant force shaping the patterns of the earth's biota. At first simply harvesting the hybrid grains which evolved naturally soon after the last ice age, man next began hand-pulling competing vegetation, and gradually learned to grow food plants in areas of his own choosing. His cultural activities, and the consequent disturbance of natural equilibria, increased geometrically. Ground clearing and related operation simulated natural disturbances, such as glaciers, avalanches, and forest fires, to which certain types of plants had adapted, and at every opportunity, these plants sprang up to interfere and compete with the plant communities of man's design. Even up to the present, with a multitude of machines, chemicals, bio-control organisms, and integrated strategies available for dealing with pest problems, agriculture is still descirbed as 'man's controversy with Weeds.'"^Exotic Species^chapter^:
^1981^Fradkin, Phillip L.^Fradkin, Phillip L. (1981): A River No More: The Colorado River and the West. Knopf, New York.^^Canals, Colorado River, Dams, Human Impact, Irrigation, Water Supply^book^:
^1996^Francaviglia, Richard V.^Francaviglia, Richard V. (No date): Copper Mining Spills and Water Quality in the San Pedro Basin, Arizona. Southeastern Arizona Government Organization, Sierra Vista.^^Mining, San Pedro River, Water Quality^book^:
^1984^Francaviglia, Richard V.^Francaviglia, Richard V. (1984): The Upper San Pedro River Valley: A Century of Environmental Change in Cochise County, Arizona. Cochise Quarterly Summer, 9-26.^The San Pedro is a rarity among North American rivers in that it flows from south to north. As the San Pedro River flows northward from Sonora, Mexico, it joins the Gila River at Winkelman, Arizona, after diagonally flowing through Cochise County. In so doing, it cuts through several ecological zones and reveals significant historical and environmental change in its varied, beautiful landscapes. It would be difficult to overestimate the importance of the San Pedro River Valley in the history of Cochise County: For a century it has been the major water supply for the western half of the county. Its lowlands have witnessed the county's major ranching, farming, and transportation activities, while the hills and mountains which flank the San Pedro Valley have yielded some of the greatest mineral wealth in Arizona History.^Agriculture, Cochise County, Environmental Change, Mining, Ranching, San Pedro River^article^:
^1982^Francaviglia, Richard V.^Francaviglia, Richard V. (1982): Copper Mining and Landscape Evolution: a Century of Change in the Warren Mining District. Journal of Arizona History Autumn, 267-298.^^Environmental Change, Mining, San Pedro River^article^:
^1976^Franklin, Hayward;Masse, W. Bruce^Franklin, Hayward & W. Bruce Masse (1976): The San Pedro Salado: A Case of Prehistoric Migration. The Kiva 42, 47-56.^^Archaeology, Indians, Migration, San Pedro River^article^:
^1978^Franzreb, K. E.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Franzreb, K.E. & Robert D. Ohmart (1978): The Effects of Timber Harvesting on Breeding Birds in a Mixed-Coniferous Forest. Condor 80, 431-441.^^Birds, Forests/woodlands, Human Impact, Logging^article^:
^1992^Fraser, Clayton B.;Jackson, Donald C.^Fraser, Clayton B. & Donald C. Jackson (1992): Three Dams in Central Arizona: a Study in Technological Diversity. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix. 50 Pages.^^Construction, Dams, Horseshoe Dam, Photos/art, Roosevelt Dam, Salt River, Stewart Mountain Dam, Verde River^book^:
^1993^Fredlake, Mark;Gerhart, Richard;Krueper, Dave^Fredlake, Mark, Richard Gerhart & Dave Krueper (1993): San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area Habitat Management Plan. Bureau of Land Management (Safford District) and Arizona Game and Fish Department (Region V), Safford, Arizona.^(Chapters:)Riparian Obligate Bird Habitat; Aquatic Habitat Improvement; Restoration of Native Floodplain Habitat; Special Status Raptors; Re-establishment of Extirpated Species; Wildlife Water Development; Wetland Improvement.^Beaver, Refuges/preserves, Restoration, San Pedro River^book^:
^1923^Freeman, L. R.^Freeman, L.R. (1923): The Colorado River Yesterday, To-day and To-morrow. Dodd, Mead and Company, New York.^^Colorado River, History^book^:
^1982^Freethey, Geoffrey W.^Freethey, Geoffrey W. (1982): Hydrologic Analysis of the Upper San Pedro Basin From the Mexico-United States International Boundary to Fairbank, Arizona. (U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 82-752.) U.S. Geological Survey, Tucson, Arizona. 64 Pages.^^Hydrology, Mexico-arizona Boundary, San Pedro River^book^:
^1845^Fremont, Brevet Captain J. C.^Fremont, Brevet Captain J. C. (1845):Report of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the Year 1842, and to Oregon and North California in the Years 1843-'44. Gales and Seaton, Printers, Washington, D.c.^^Exploration, Grasses, Surveys^book^:
^1995^Friederici, Peter^Friederici, Peter (1995): The Alien Saltcedar. American Forests 101(1&2, January/February), 45-47.^In two centuries the alien saltcedar has established itself along numerous rivers and reservoirs, where biologists and land managers regard it is a noxious plant pest. It stands accused of degrading wildlife habitat, ruining the recreational amenities of riparian areas, wasting scarce water, and even increasing the severity of floods. Its impact has been especially great on riparian woodlands, which support the greatest quantity and diversity of life - both animal and human -in the desert landscape, and which are among the most imperiled ecosystems in North America.^Environmental Change, Recreation, Saltcedar, Wildlife^article^:
^1965^Fritts, Harold C.^Fritts, Harold C. (1965): Tree-Ring Evidence for Climatic Changes in Western North America. Monthly Weather Review 93(7), 421-443.^The relationships between climatic factors and fluctuations in dated tree-ring widths are statistically evaluated. A wide ring indicates that the year's climate was moist and cool, and a narrow ring dry and warm. In general, ring width relates to a 14-month period from June through July but most tree-ring chronologies exhibit a closer relationship with autumn, winter, and spring moisture than with summer moisture. The climatic relationships for evergreen trees are attributed largely to the influence of environmental factors on photsynthesis and the accumulation of food reserves. Under abnormally dry and warm conditions, especially during the autumn, winter, and spring, little food is accumulated, new cells are formed more slowly during the growing period, and the resulting ring is narrow. Relative 10-yr. departures are calculated for the entire length of 26 tree-ring chronologies from western North America. Those portions after 1500 are used to map areas of high and low moisture. Periods of widespread drought are noted in 1576-1590, 1626-1635, 1776-1785, 1841-1850, 1871-1880, 1931-1940. Periods of widespread and above average moisture occurred during 1611-1625, 1641-1650, 1741-1755, 1826-1840, 1906-1920. The moist periods of 1611-1625, and 1906-1920 were most widespread and markedly above Average.^Climate, Dendrochronology^article^:
^1979^Fritts, Harold C.;Lofgren, G. Robert;Gordon, Geoffrey A.^Fritts, Harold C., G. Robert Lofgren & Geoffrey A. Gordon (1979): Variations in Climate Since 1602 as Reconstructed from Tree Rings. Quaternary Research 12, 18-46.^"Spatial anomalies of tree-ring chronologies can provide information on high-frequency spatial anomalies in paleoclimate representing droughts, colder-than-normal intervals, and other synoptic-scale features. Examples are presented in which 65 tree-ring chronologies are calibrated with spatial anomalies in North American meterological records of seasonal temperature and precipitation, and with sea-level pressure over the North American and North Pacific sectors. Multivariate transfer functions are obtained that scale and convert the past spatial variations in the tree-ring record into estimates of past variations in the meteorological record. Objective verifications of the reconstructions are obtained using independent meteorological observations for time periods other than those used in the calibration. Historical information or other proxy data from the 19th century are also used for verifying the decadal (or longer) and regional reconstructions and for identifying strengths and weaknesses of the various sources of information. The reconstructed winter and summer temperatures for the United States had southwestern Canada and winter precipitation for the Columbia Basin and California during the 17th through 19th centures were found to differ from the 20th century means with large-scale variations evident. Extreme winters similar to 1976-77 are also identified and found to be more frequent in the past, especially in the 17th century. The climatic reconstructions in this time domain are dominated by high-frequency, synoptic-scale fluctuations that can be interpreted as cyclonic-scale changes in atmospheric circulation. Such reconstructions may be useful for testing barious climatic models and estimates developed primarily from 20th-century meteorological data against the longer estimated record for the 17th through 19th Centures."^climate, Dendrochronology^article^:
^1859^Froebel, Julius^Froebel, Julius (1859): Seven Years' Travel in Central America, Northern Mexico, and the Far West of the United States. Richard Bentley, London.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Gila River, Santa Cruz River, Travel^book^:
^1986^Fuller, Jonathan;Roberts, Larry^Fuller, Jonathan & Larry Roberts (1986): A Paleohydrologic Reconstruction of the October 1983 Flood Discharge of Aravaipa Creek, Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Aravaipa Creek, Floods, Paleohydrology^book^:
^1976^Fuller, Steven L.;Rogge, A. E.;Gregonis, Linda M.^Fuller, Steven L, A.E. Rogge & Linda M. Gregonis (1976): Orme Alternatives: The Archaeological Resources of Roosevelt Lake and Horseshoe Reservoir. (Arizona State Museum Archaeology Series, No. 98.) Arizona State Museum, Tucson.^^Archaeology, Horseshoe Dam, Roosevelt Dam^book^:
^1966^Fulton, Richard W.^Fulton, Richard W. (1966): Milleville-Charleston, Cochise County, 1878-1889. Journal of Arizona History 7, 9-22.^^Cochise County, History, Mining, San Pedro River^article^:
^1967^Fulton, Richard W.;Bahre, Conrad J.^Fulton, Richard W. & Conrad J. Bahre (1967): Charleston Arizona: A Documentary Reconstruction. Arizona and the West 9, 41-64.^^Cochise County, History, Mining, San Pedro River^article^:
^1966^Galvin, J.^Galvin, J. (1966): Western America in 1846-1847: The Original Travel Diary of Lt. J.W. Abert. John Howell Books, San Francisco.^^Anglos, Biology, Exploration, Journals^book^:
^1993^Garbani, James H.^Garbani, James H. (1993): Arizona Mines and Mining Companies, 1854-1954. Sunrise Graphics, Tucson.^^Mining, Surveys^book^:
^1900^Garces, Francisco^Garces, Francisco (1900): On the Trail of a Spanish Pioneer: The Diary and Itinerary of Francisco Garces In His Travels Through Sonora, Arizona, and California, 1775-1776. (Series Ed: Coues, Elliott.) Francis P. Harper, New York.^^Colorado River, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Exploration, Gila River, Little Colorado River, Santa Cruz River, Sonora, Spanish^book^:
^1992^Garcia, Masario;Historical Society of New Mexico^Garcia, Masario & Historical Society of New Mexico (1992): Abuelitos - Stories of the Rio Puerco Valley. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 310 Pages.^^History, New Mexico, Rio Puerco, Settlement, Spanish^book^:
^1989^Garrett, H.;Johnson, Clark V.^Garrett, H. & Clark V. Johnson (1989): Regional Studies in Latter-Day Saint Church History, Arizona. Department of Church History and Doctrine, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.^^History, Little Colorado River, Mormons^book^:
^1965^Gary, H. L.^Gary, H.L. (1965): Some Site Relations in Three Floodplain Communities in Central Arizona. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 3(4, October), 209-212.^"The zonation of plant communities on flood plains in the arid portions of the Southwest appears to depend on the subterranean environment. Meinzer (1927) suggests a strong relationship between plant distribution and areas with characteristic depths to ground water. Ecologists, however, have generally concluded that any environmental factor or any combination of several factors may restrict the distribution of a Species."^Dams, Groundwater, Mesquite Trees, Phreatophytes, Riparian Areas, Salt River, Saltcedar^article^:
^1982^Gasser, Robert E.^Gasser, Robert E. (1982): Vegetation Stability and Change in the Prescott Region and Other Areas of the Southwest. The Kiva 48(1-2), 83-97.^"The Copper Basin Archaeological Project included the collection of historical, ecological, and biocultural data relevant to the past vegetation in Copper Basin south of Prescott, Arizona. These data are used to substantiate a conclusion that little vegetative change has taken place in the area since occupation about A.D. 800-1200. Attention is drawn, however, to indicators of significant floral change in other areas of the Southwest which occurred within the past Century."^Archaeology, Human Impact, Prescott, Vegetation Change, Verde River^article^:
^1995^Gastelum, Luis A.^Gastelum, Luis A. (1995): Memories of My Youth at Tubac: From the Old Homestead to Adulthood. Journal of Arizona History 36(1, Spring), 1-32.^The Gastelum family came from Spain to Alamos, Sonora, in the early 1700s. Our earliest direct descendant was Manuel Gastelum, who married Josefa (Felix) Solano in 1737. Three more generations were born in Alamos. Manuel was followed by his son Joaquin, who married Gertrudes Murrieta; grandson Santiago and his wife, Victoria de la Paz; and Manuel and Josefa's great-grandson Juan Maria, who married Maria Dolores Garcia.^Agriculture, Biography, Santa Cruz County, Santa Cruz River, Spanish, Tubac^article^:
^1932^Gates, W. H.^Gates, W.H. (1932): Hoover Dam: Including the Story of the Turbulent Colorado River. Wetzel Publishing Company, Los Angeles. 88 Pages.^^Colorado River, Hoover Dam^book^:
^1945^Gatewood, J. S.^Gatewood, J.S. (1945): Floods of September 1939 in Colorado River Basin below Boulder Dam. (U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper, 967-A.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. 39 Pages.^^Boulder Dam, Colorado River, Floods^book^:
^1950^Gatewood, J. S.;Robinson, J. W.;Colby, B. R.;Hem, J. D.;Halpenny, L. C.^Gatewood, J.S., J.W. Robinson, B.R. Colby, J.D. Hem & L.C. Halpenny (1950): Use of Water by Bottomland Vegetation in Lower Safford Valley, Arizona. (USDI Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper, No. 1103.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 210 Pages.^^Evapotranspiration, Phreatophytes, Riparian Areas, Water Supply^book^:
^1975^Gavin, T. A.;Sowls, L. K.^Gavin, T.A. & L.K. Sowls (1975): Avian Fauna of a San Pedro Valley Mesquite Forest. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 10, 33-41.^^Birds, Mesquite Trees, San Pedro River^article^:
^1981^Gehlbach, F. R.^Gehlbach, F.R. (1981): Mountain Islands and Desert Seas: A Natural History of the United States-Mexican Borderlands. Texas A&M Press, College Station. 298 Pages.^^Ecosystems, Mountains, Sky Islands, U.s.-mexico Border^book^:
^1982^Genung, Charles Baldwin^Genung, Charles Baldwin (1982): Yavapai Country Memories, 1863-1894. The Smoke Signal (43 & 44, & Fall Spring).^Arizona, since Territorial days to the 1980's, has had more than a fair share of outstanding men and women who acquired fame and recognition for their labors. For some, their names will live forever; for others, the memory lingers for a brief time. Charlie Genung, the subject of this story, is, in a way, one of those unsung Heroes.^Anglos, Biography, Date Creek, Gila River, Hassayampa River, Yavapai County^article^:
^1972^Gerhard, P.^Gerhard, P. (1972): A Guide to the Historical Geography of New Spain. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.^^Bibliography, Geography, Spanish^book^:
^1964^Getty, H. T.^Getty, H.T. (1964): Changes in Land Use Among the Western Apaches. In: Indian and Spanish American Adjustments to Arid and Semi-Arid Environ-ments, a Symposium. (Ed: Knowlton, Clark S.) Committee on Desert and Arid Zone Research, Lubbock, Texas, 27-33.^^Agriculture, Apaches, Environmental Change, Land Use^chapter^:
^1963^Getty, Harry T.^Getty, Harry T. (1963): The San Carlos Indian Cattle Industry. (Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona.) University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Cattle, Gila River, San Carlos Apaches^book^:
^1895^Gilbert, C. H.;Scofield, N. B.^Gilbert, C.H. & N.B. Scofield (1895): Notes on a Collection of Fishes from the Colorado Basin in Arizona. Proceedings of the United States Natural Museum 20, 487-499.^^Colorado River, Fish^article^:
^1945^Gilham, C. E.^Gilham, C.E. (1945): Memories of the Arizona Game Country As I Knew It. Arizona Wildlife Society 6, 5-20.^^Anglos, Journals, Wildlife^article^:
^1991^Gilles, Cate;Bravo, Lena;Watahomigie, Don^Gilles, Cate, Lena Bravo & Don Watahomigie (1991): Uranium Mining at the Grand Canyon: What Costs to Water, Air, and Indigenous People? The Workbook (Southwest Research and Information Center) 16(1), cover, 2-17.^^Colorado River, Environmental Change, Grand Canyon, Indians, Mining, Water Quality^article^:
^1909^Gilman, M. F.^Gilman, M.F. (1909): Some Owls Along the Gila River in Arizona. Condor 11, 145-150.^^Birds, Gila River^article^:
^1904^Ginthes, C. M.^Ginthes, C.M. (1904): The Transformation of the Grand Canyon into a National Park. Scientific American 90, 494.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, History, Refuges/preserves^article^:
^1965^Gladwin, Harold S.;Haury, Emil W.;Sayles, E. B.;Gladwin, Nora^Gladwin, Harold S., Emil W. Haury, E.B. Sayles & Nora Gladwin (1965): Excavations at Snaketown: Material Culture. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Archaeology, Gila River, Hohokam^book^:
^1930^Gladwin, Winifred;Gladwin, Harold S.^Gladwin, Winifred & Harold S. Gladwin (1930): An Archaeological Survey of the Verde Valley. (Medallion Papers, No. 6.) Gila Pueblo, Globe, Arizona.^^Archaeology, Verde River^book^:
^1969^Glaney, Patrick;VanDenburgh, A. S.^Glaney, Patrick & A.S. VanDenburgh (1969): Water Resources Appraisal of the Lower Virgin River Area, Nevada, Arizona and Utah. Nevada Division of Water Resources, Carson City. 87 Pages.^^Surveys, Virgin River, Water Supply^book^:
^1972^Glascow, M. A.^Glascow, M.A. (1972): Evolution of Early Agriculture Facilities Systems in the Northern Southwest. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.^^Agriculture^other^:
^1952^Glendening, G. E.^Glendening, G.E. (1952): Some Quantitative Data on the Increase of Mesquite and Cactus on a Desert Grassland Range in Southern Arizona. Ecology 33, 319-328.^^Grasslands, Grazing, Mesquite Trees, Uplands, Vegetation^article^:
^1992^Glenn, Edward P.;Felger, Richard S.;Burquez, Alberto;Turner, Dale S.^Glenn, Edward P., Richard S. Felger, Alberto Burquez & Dale S. Turner (1992): Cienega de Santa Clara: Endangered Wetland in the Colorado River Delta, Sonora, Mexico. Natural Resources Journal 32(Fall), 817-824.^"The Cienega de Santa Clara, a little-known, 20, 000 hectare brackish wetland area in the delta of the Colorado River in Sonora, Mexico, is udergoing alterations due to operation of the Yuma Desalting Plant in the United States. This is the largest remaining wetland in the delta region, containing rare and endangered species including Desert Pupfish and Yuma Clapper Rail, yet no official consideration has been given to the effect of the altered conditions on the wetland flora and fauna. Here we describe the present status of the wetland and raise questions on the future of the area when the desalting plant reaches full Capacity."^Birds, Canals, Colorado River Delta, Endangered Species, Flora, Mexico, Wetlands^article^:
^1977^Glinski, Richard L.^Glinski, Richard L. (1977): An Introduction to the Raptors and Habitat of the San Pedro River. Department of Zoology, Arizona State University, Tempe.^^Birds, Habitat, San Pedro River^book^:
^1869^Goddard, Frederick B.^Goddard, Frederick B. (1869): Where to Emigrate and Why. American Cultures Series - microfilm reel 327.4 NY 1869; 591 Pages.^^Description, Migration, Settlement, Travel^other^:
^1966^Goetzmann, W. H.^Goetzmann, W.H. (1966): Exploration and Empire: The Explorer and Scientist in the Winning of the American West. W.W. Norton, New York.^^Exploration^book^:
^1959^Goetzmann, W. H.^Goetzmann, W.H. (1959): Army Exploration in the American West 1803-1863. (Yale Publications in American Studies, No. 14.) Yale University, New Haven.^^Exploration, History, Military^book^:
^1946^Goldman, E. A.^Goldman, E.A. (1946): The Puma, Mysterious American Cat. American Wildlife Institute, Washington, D. C.^^Mammals^book^:
^1932^Goldman, E. A.^Goldman, E.A. (1932): New Mammals from Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science 23, 463-473.^^Mammals^article^:
^1883^Gordon, C. W.^Gordon, C.W. (1883): Report on Cattle, Sheep and Swine. Report on the Productions of Agriculture as Returned in the Tenth Census (June 1, 1880) Vol. 3, Tenth Census of the United States, Washington, D. C.^^Agriculture, Grazing, Sheep^other^:
^1924^Gordon, J. H.^Gordon, J.H. (1924): Problems of the Lower Colorado River. Monthly Weather Review 52, 95-98.^^Colorado River, Human Impact^article^:
^1924^Gordon, J. H.^Gordon, J.H. (1924): Tidal Bore at Mouth of Colorado River, December 8 to 10, 1923. Monthly Weather Review 52, 98-99.^^Colorado River^article^:
^1988^Gordon, Mary McDougall^Gordon, Mary McDougall (1988): Through Indian Country to California: John P. Sherburne's Diary of the Whipple Expedition, 1853-1854. Stanford, Cali-fornia; Stanford University Press. (Ed.)^^Bill Williams River, Colorado River, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Exploration, Indians, Little Colorado River, Surveys^other^:
^1988^Gordon, Mary McDougall (Ed.)^Gordon, Mary McDougall (Ed.) (1988):Through Indian Country to California: John P. Sherburne's Diary of the Whipple Expedition, 1853-1854. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. 285 Pages.^^Bill Williams River, Colorado River, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Exploration, Indians, Little Colorado River, Surveys^book^:
^1981^Goudie, Andrew^Goudie, Andrew (1981): The Human Impact: Man's Role in Environmental Change. Oxford University Press, Oxford.^^Environmental Change, Human Impact^book^:
^1988^Graf, William L.^Graf, William L. (Ed.) (1988): The Salt and Gila Rivers in Central Arizona: a Geographic Field Trip Guide. Department of Geography, Arizona State University, Tempe. 180 Pages.^^Gila River, Handbook/field Guide, Salt River^book^:
^1983^Graf, William L.^Graf, William L. (1983): Flood-Related Channel Change in an Arid-Region River. Earth Surface Processes and Landform 8, 125-139.^^Channel Change, Floods^article^:
^1983^Graf, William L.^Graf, William L. (1983):The Arroyo Problem - Palaeohydrology and Palaeohydraulics in the Short Term. In: Background to Palaeohydrology. (Ed: Gregory, K. J.) John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, New York, 279-302.^The problem of the origin and dynamics of arroyos has generated more interest for geomorphic investigators than any other research question in arid environments. The last decade has seen significant progress in the development of cumulative generalizations that may lead to theory formulation, and the time may now be opportune to assess progress. The general objectives of this paper are to briefly review the voluminous literature on the arroyo problem, to focus on the recent advances that hold promise for theory building, and to suggest possible profitable avenues for further work toward an integrated dynamic theory for Arroyos.^Arroyos, Paleohydrology^chapter^:
^1982^Graf, William L.^Graf, William L. (1982): Tamarisk and River-Channel Management. Environmental Management 6, 283-296.^^Channel Change, Saltcedar^article^:
^1981^Graf, William L.^Graf, William L. (1981): Channel Changes in the Salt River, Phoenix Metropolitan Area, Maricopa County, Arizona. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D. C. 102 Pages.^^Channel Change, Phoenix, Salt River^book^:
^1980^Graf, William L.^Graf, William L. (1980): Introduction and Growth of Phreatophytes in the Channels of the Salt and Gila Rivers, Central Arizona. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles.^^Gila River, Phreatophytes, Salt River, Saltcedar^book^:
^1990^Grant,Campbell^Grant,Campbell (1990):Canyon de Chelly: Its People and Rock Art. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 290 Pages.^^Apaches, Canyon De Chelly^book^:
^1855^Gray, Andrew Belcher^Gray, Andrew Belcher (1855): Report of the Secretary of the Interior: In Compliance With a Resolution of the Senate, of January 22. U.S. Senate, 33rd Congress, 2nd Session, Washington, D. C. 240 pages. (Survey of a route on the 32nd parallel for the Texas western railroad.)^Sir: In compliance with the request of the Senate, as expressed in their resolution of the 22d ultimo, I have the honor to transmit, herewith, copies of the report and map of A. B. Gray, late United States surveyor of the Mexican boundary, made to this department in eighteen hundred and fifty-three, explanatory of his action while a member of the commission appointed to run and mark that line. I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, R. McClelland, Secretary.^Exploration, Gila River, Railroads, Santa Cruz River, Surveys^book^:
^1989^Graybill, Donald A.^Graybill, Donald A. (1989): The Reconstruction of Prehistoric Salt River Streamflow. In: The 1982-1984 Excavations at Las Colinas: Environment and Subsistence. Vol. 5. (Eds: Graybeill, D.A., D.A. Gregory, F.L. Nials, S.K. Fish, C. Miksicek & C. Stutzer) (Arizona State Museum Archaeology Series, No. 162.) University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Archaeology, Ethnoecology, Salt River, Streamflow^chapter^:
^1891^Greeley, A. W.;Glassford, W. A.^Greeley, A.W. & W.A. Glassford (1891): Climate of Arizona with Particular Reference to Questions of Irrigation and Water Storage in the Arid Region. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (H. ex. doc. 287, 51st Congress, 2nd Sess.)^^Climate, Dams, Irrigation^book^:
^1955^Green, R. B.^Green, R.B. (1955): On the Arkansas Route to California in 1849; the Journal of Robert B. Green in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. (Series Ed: Ikuogabtm, H.I.) Bucknell University Press, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. 87 Pages.^^Anglos, Journals, Travel^book^:
^1975^Greenleaf, J. Cameron^Greenleaf, J.Cameron (1975): Excavations at Punta de Agua in the Santa Cruz River Basin, Southeastern Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Archaeology, Hohokam, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1962^Greenleaf,Cameron; Wallace,Andrew^Greenleaf,Cameron; Wallace,Andrew (1962):Tucson: Pueblo, Presidio, and American City...A Synopsis of its History. Arizoniana 3(2, Summer), 18-27.^^History, Missions, Santa Cruz River, Settlement, Tucson^article^:
^1996^Greenwald, David H.^Greenwald, David H. (No date): Investigations of the Baccharis Site and Extension Arizona Canal. From Arizona Attorney General's Office, Library.^This report presents the results of intensive data recovery through excavation of an early pre-Classic Hohokam site and an in-depth archival study of historic features, including the Extension Arizona Canal. The project was sponsored by the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) with the Museum of Northern Arizona (MNA) serving as consultants to ADOT for these archaeological and historical studies. Field work was conducted during May and June, 1987.^Archaeology, Canals, Hohokam, Maricopa County, Salt River^other^:
^1993^Greenwald, David H.^Greenwald, David H. (Ed.) (1993): Early Desert Farming and Irrigation Settlements: Archaeological Investigations in the Phoenix Sky Harbor Center. (SWCA Archaeological Report, No. 93-17.) SWCA, Flagstaff, Arizona.^^Agriculture, Archaeology, Hohokam, Irrigation, Phoenix^book^:
^1996^Greenwald, David H.;Ciolek-Torrello, Richard^Greenwald, David H. & Richard Ciolek-Torrello (Eds.) (No date): Archaeological Investigations at the Dutch Canal Ruin, Phoenix, Arizona: Archaeology and History Along the Papago Freeway Corridor. Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff.^This report presents the results of combined archaeological testing and axcavation conducted at the Dutch Canal ruin site within the Interstate 10, Papago Freeway corridor, Phoenix, Arizona. The project was sponsored by the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) and the Museum of Northern Arizona (MNA) was contracted by HNTB Engineers, consultants to ADOT, to complete the archaeological studies. Field work was conducted during May, June and July, 1986. Prehistoric resources identified during the testing consisted of two canal alignments and habitation features which date to the late Pioneer and Colonial periods of the Hohokam culture, ca. A.D. 600-950. The remains are located within the boundaries of the large Classic period village mapped by Midvale as the Dutch Canal ruin. Classic period remains found during this project, however, were limited to only two redware Sherds.^Archaeology, Canals, Hohokam, Phoenix, Surveys^book^:
^1957^Greever, William S.^Greever, William S. (1957):Railway Development in the Southwest. New Mexico Historical Review 32(2, April), 151-203.^The first railways through the Southwest were born of the American dream of a transcontinental railroad. As early as the 1830's some people envisioned such a link between the established East and the undeveloped West. About 1845 a Yankee tea merchant, Asa Whitney, returned from two years in China, filled with enthusiasm for the railroad project. He felt especially its importance in securing a larger share of the lucrative, expanding Oriental trade. His boundless enthusiasm aroused much interest among Congressmen, but his casual attitude toward practical engineering difficulties distressed them and his request for a federal land grant to aid in constructing the line divided Them....^History, Railroads^article^:
^1917^Gregory, H. E.^Gregory, H.E. (1917): Geology of the Navajo Country. (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Pa-per, 93.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. 161 Pages.^^Colorado Plateau, Geology^book^:
^1942^Griffin, John S.^Griffin, John S. (1942): A Doctor Comes to Cali-fornia: The Diary of John S. Griffin, Assistant Surgeon With Kearny's Dragoons, 1846-1847. California Historical Society Quarterly 21(3, Ed.: Ames, Jr, G), 193-224.^^Anglos, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Disease, Military, Travel^article^:
^1910^Griffiths, D. A.^Griffiths, D.A. (1910): A Protected Stock Range in Arizona. (Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletin, No. 177) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 28 Pages.^^Cattle, Grasslands, Grazing^book^:
^1901^Griffiths, D. A.^Griffiths, D.A. (1901): Range Improvement in Arizona. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (USDA Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletin 4)^^Exotic Species, Grasses, Grasslands, Grazing^book^:
^1914^Grinnell, Joseph^Grinnell, Joseph (1914): An Account of the Mammals and Birds of the Lower Colorado Valley with Especial Reference to the Distributional Problems Presented. University of California Publications in Zoology 12(4, March 20), 51-294.^The southeastern frontier of California lies in the heart of a vast desert region possessing a fauna and flora of notable variety and peculiar specialization of forms. Cutting through the center of this desert area flows the great Colorado River. Politically, this river points to act as a barrier to the dispersal of some animals and as a highway of dispersal for Others.^Birds, Colorado River, Mammals^article^:
^1995^Grissino-Mayer, Henri D.; Baisan, Christopher H.; Swetnam, Thomas W.^Grissino-Mayer, Henri D.; Baisan, Christopher H.; Swetnam, Thomas W. (1995):Fire History in the Pinaleño Mountains of Southeastern Arzona: Effects of Human-Related Disturbances. In: Biodiversity and Management of the Madrean Archipelago: The Sky Islands of Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico. (Proceedings of the symposium, 1994 Sept. 19-23; Tucson, AZ) (Eds: DeBano, Leonard F.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Ortega-Rubio, Alfredo; Gottfried, Gerald J.; Hamre, Robert H.; Edminster, Carleton B.) (General Technical Report, RM-GTR-264.) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 399-407.^We reconstructed the history of fire at two sites in the mixed-conifer forests of the Pinaleño Mountains of southern Arizona from 90 fire-scarred living and dead southwestern white pine (Pinus strobiformis) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) trees. We used dendroecological techniques to date nearly 2000 fire scars to their exact year of formation, and obtained age structure information from over 600 increment cores and cross-sections collected from Engelmann spruce (Picea enelmannii) and corkbark fir (Abies lasiocarpa). We compared the age structure data with the reconstruction of past fires to determine the age structure data with the reconstruction of past fires to determine which fires may have had an effect on the higher-elevation forests. During the pre-settlement period (prior to 1880), low-intensity surface fires occurred once every four to six years, based on the median probability interval derived using the Weibull distribution. The age structure of the spruce-fir forest suggests that the forest established after a stand-replacement fire that occurred in 1685, considered one of the most widespread and intense of any reconstructed fire event. Firest had occurred predominantly in the early portion of the growing season (May and June) similar to current dominant season of fire activity. The cessation of episodic firest after 1893 can be attributed to a combination of human-related disturbances, especially grazing and fire exclusion. The absence of ecologically-significant fires during the last 100 years in the Pinaleño Mountains should be considered when developing land and fire management plants for this environmentally sensitive Area.^Fire, Human Impact, Sky Islands^chapter^:
^1985^Groeneveld, David P.;Griepentrog, Thomas E.^Groeneveld, David P. & Thomas E. Griepentrog (1985): Interdependence of Groundwater, Riparian Vegetation, and Streambank Stability: A Case Study. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 44-48. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^Groundwater is closely coupled with stream-flow to maintain water supply to riparian vegetation, particularly where precipitation is seasonal. A case study is presented where Mediterranean climate and groundwater extraction are linked with the decline of riparian vegetation and subsequent severe bank erosion on the Carmel River in Carmel Valley, California.^Erosion, Groundwater, Riparian Areas, Vegetation, Water Supply^chapter^:
^1935^Grogory, Leslie E.^Grogory, Leslie E. (1930s): Geographical and Meteorological Observations, Together with Descriptive Notes From Emory diary, for Use In Tracing Route and Camps of Kearny Expedition From Rio Grande River, In New Mexico, Along the Gila to the Colorado, On the Arizona California Border. Federal Writers' Project; Globe, Arizona.^^Climate, Colorado River, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Gila River, Surveys, Trails/roads^other^:
^1979^Gross, F. A.;Dick-Peddie, W. A.^Gross, F.A. & W.A. Dick-Peddie (1979): A Map of Primeval Vegetation in New Mexico USA. The Southwestern Naturalist 24, 115-122.^This work has been expanded to create a map using the territorial survey records as a data source for the reconstruction of New Mexico vegetation patterns for the period 1875-1900.^Native Species, New Mexico, Plant Geography, Vegetation^article^:
^1962^Grove, G. T.^Grove, G.T. (1962): Rillito Creek, Flood Plain Study. Tucson City Planning Office, Report.^^Floodplain, Rillito^other^:
^1990^Grover, H. D.;Musick, H. B.^Grover, H.D. & H.B. Musick (1990): Shrubland Encroachment in Southern New Mexico, U.S.A.: An Analysis of Desertification Processes in the American Southwest. Climatic Change 17, 305-330.^^Desertification, New Mexico, Shrubs, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1991^Gumerman, George J.^Gumerman, George J. (1991): Exploring the Hohokam: Prehistoric Desert People of the American Southwest. Vol. 1. Amerind Foundation (University of New Mexico, Albuquerque), Dragoon, Arizona. 500 Pages.^^Description, Ethnology, History, Hohokam^book^:
^1992^Gumerman,George J.^Gumerman,George J. (1992):A View From Black Mesa: The Changing Face of Archaeology. 2nd ed. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson & London. 184 pages.^"Southwestern archaeology, indeed, archaeology throughout the United States, is changing at a colossal rate. Advances in technique, increases in the amount of work undertaken, and the resulting accelerated pace of discovery have been widely publicized. Less well known is the changing sociology of modern archaeology - who does the work, why, how, and the effect personality has on the results of archaeological projects. This book attempts to elucidate not only the method and theory of contemporary archaeology, and its historical antecedents, but the sociology of archaeology as Well."^Archaeology, Colorado River, Little Colorado River^book^:
^1968^Gunderson, D. R.^Gunderson, D.R. (1968): Floodplain Use Related to Stream Morphology and Fish Populations. Journal of Wildlife Management 32(3), 507-514.^^Fish, Floodplain, Human Impact, Streamflow^article^:
^1982^Gurman, Lew^Gurman, Lew (1982): Master Mountain Mapper: Bradford Washburn. Explorer 24(1), 18-21.^^Anglos, Biography, Colorado River, Exploration, Maps^article^:
^1966^Gustafson, A. M.^Gustafson, A.M. (1966): John Spring's Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 326 Pages.^^Anglos, Biogeography, Ranching, Santa Cruz River, Tucson^book^:
^1972^Haase, E. F.^Haase, E.F. (1972): Survey of Floodplain Vegetation Along the Lower Gila River in Southwestern Arizona. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 7(2), 66-81.^^Floodplain, Gila River, Surveys, Vegetation^article^:
^1942^Hack, John T.^Hack, John T. (1942): Prehistoric Coal Mining in the Jeddito Valley, Arizona. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 35(2).^^Archaeology, Colorado Plateau, Indians, Mining^article^:
^1942^Hack, John T.^Hack, John T. (1942): The Changing Physical Environment of the Hopi Indians of Arizona. (Re-ports of the Awatovi Expedition, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Report No. 1) The Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massa-chusetts, U.S.A. (Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Vol. XXXV - No. 1)^The Hopi country lies in the Navaho section of the Colorado Plateau province. This province is a land of gently folded sedimentary rocks eroded on a majestic scale into broad plateaus, precipitous mesas and buttes, and dark canyons. Over the whole region, the huge sweels and gentle folds of the rock strate control the topography, for plateaus, mesa surfaces and rock benches rest on resistant layers of sedimentary Rock.^Climate, Environmental Change, Erosion, Hopi Indians, Human Impact^book^:
^1939^Hack, John T.^Hack, John T. (1939): Late Quaternary History of Several Valleys of Northern Arizona, a Preliminary Announcement. Museum of Northern Arizona Museum Notes 11, 63-73.^^Colorado Plateau, Geology^article^:
^1992^Hackbarth, Mark R.^Hackbarth, Mark R. (1992): Prehistoric and Historic Occupation of the Lower Verde River Valley: The State Route 87 Verde Bridge Project. Northland Research, Inc. (Flagstaff, Arizona), Phoenix.^See chapter 23, pages 489-501. "The previous chapters have examined various aspects of the historic occupation of the lower Verde River Valley. In this chapter, the data presented in these chapters are summarized, and a synthesis of this information is presented. This synthesis is organized according to two major topics: settlement and irrigation; and within these topical areas, discussions are presented according to the research domains that were discussed in the first chapter of this section. Understandably, the results of our investigations of the schoolhouse and historic habitation are emphasized in the discussions of settlement, whereas those of the Velasco Ditch bear most directly on the topic of Irrigation."^Archaeology, Indians, Surveys, Verde River^book^:
^1974^Hackenberg, Robert A.^Hackenberg, Robert A. (1974): Aboriginal Land Use and Occupancy of the Papago Indians. Garland, New York. 402 Pages.^^Indians, Land Use, Tohono O'odham^book^:
^1962^Hackenberg, Robert A.^Hackenberg, Robert A. (1962): Economic Alternatives in Arid Lands: A Case Study of the Pima and Papago Indians. Ethnology 1, 186-196.^^Economics, Pima Indians, Tohono O'odham^article^:
^1955^Hackenberg, Robert A.^Hackenberg, Robert A. (1955): A Brief History of the Gila River Indian Reservation. Manuscript, University of Arizona Library, Tucson.^^Gila River, History, Pima Indians^other^:
^1954^Hackenberg, Robert A.^Hackenberg, Robert A. (1954): Bibliography of the San Carlos Apaches. Manuscript, University of Arizona Library, Tucson.^^Bibliography, San Carlos Apaches^other^:
^1961^Hackenberg, Robert A.;U.S. Indian Claims Commission^Hackenberg, Robert A. & U.S. Indian Claims Commission (1961): Aboriginal Land use and Occupation of the Pima-Maricopa Indians. unpublished, Tucson. 316 Pages.^^Ethnology, History, Land Use, Maricopa Indians, Pima Indians^book^:
^1988^Hadley, Diana^Hadley, Diana (1988): First Encounters - Argonauts and Apaches. Paper presented at the Arizona Historical Society Convention (On file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^^Anglos, Apaches, Gila River^other^:
^1995^Hadley, Diana; Sheridan, Thomas E.^Hadley, Diana; Sheridan, Thomas E. (1995):Land Use History of the San Rafael Valley, Arizona (1540-1960). (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-GTR-269.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO. 279 pages.^This Lone Mountain/San Rafael land use history is an attempt to understand the ocmplex interplay between the land and the people who've occupied it. The report is primarily a cultural history of the San Rafael Valley and its surrounding mountains over four centuries. During three of the centuries land use was intermittent. Between 1860 and 1960, however, land use was intense. The report presents a chronological record of social and economic development in the study area, with a focus on the discovery, abundance, and allocation of available resources. As participants in the larger political economy, residents of the study area have felt the impact of outside capital, new technology, corporate investment, state and national political events, the creation of new governmental agencies, and the imposition of unaccustomed regulations. We have attempted to assess the degree to which these external forces have affected the lives of study area residents and to determine whether residents invited, welcomed, or resisted social and economic Change.^Agriculture, Fuelwood, History, Land Grants, Land Use, Mining, Ranching, Santa Cruz River, Settlement, Spanish^book^:
^1993^Hadley, Diana;Ahlstrom, Richard V. N.;Mills, Scott^Hadley, Diana, Richard V.N. Ahlstrom & Scott Mills (1993): El Rio Bonito: An Ethnoecological Study of the Bonita Creek Watershed, Southeastern Arizona. (Cultural Resource Series, No. 8.) Arizona State Office of the Bureau of Land Management, Phoenix.^"Bonita Creek is a north-bank tributary of the Gila River located in eastern Arizona, to the north and northeast of the town of Safford. In its lower reaches, the creek flows through a narrow canyon where it supports a lush riparian habitat. To the careless observer, the canyon might appear to be a wilderness -- a wild land. With more thoughtful study, however, the impacts of human use and development come into prominence. Evidence of these impacts includes a graded dirt road that heads up the canyon, crossing and recrossing the stream from one terrace to antoher. Also present is a large pipe that hangs from the cliff on one side of the canyon, corrals, cattleguards, nonnative trees such as pecans and figs, and ruined cabins. In addition, many small cliff dwellings indicate that the canyon had been occupied by prehistoric farmers. Clearly, people have been living and working in the canyon for a long time. This is not a pristine wilderness, though it is a rich habitat the supports a substantial riparian woodland and varied wildlife. Who were the people that have lived here? How are we to characterize the environment that they left Behind?"^Archaeology, Bonita Creek, Ethnoecology, Gila River, History, Human Impact, Wildlife^book^:
^1991^Hadley, Diana;Warshall, Peter;Bufkin, Don^Hadley, Diana, Peter Warshall & Don Bufkin (1991): Environmental Change in Aravaipa, 1870-1970: An Ethnoecological Survey. (Series Ed: Stumpf, Gary. Cultural Resource Series, No. 7.) Arizona State Office of the Bureau of Land Management, Phoenix.^"The Bureau of Land Management sponsored this report on the history of ecological change in Aravaipa Canyon and adjacent lands in order to gain a better understanding of alterations in the study area's natural environment and of the reasons for which it came to be in its present condition. The report attemtps to record a century of land change and resource use along with the decisions and processes of the individuals and agencies which shaped Aravaipa's Landscape."^Aravaipa Creek, Ethnoecology, History, Land Use, Ranching, Vegetation^book^:
^1972^Hafen, L. R.^Hafen, L.R. (1972): The Mountain Men and the Fur Trade of the Far West. The Arthur H. Clarke Co., Glendale, California.^^Beaver, Biography, Exploration, Hunting/fishing/trapping^book^:
^1978^Hague, Harlan^Hague, Harlan (1978): The Road to California: The Search for a Southern Overland Route 1540-1848. (American Trails Series XI.) The Arthur H. Clark Company, Glendale, California.^Among the most exciting stories about western America are the histories of trails and the journals of trailmakers. Particularly absorbing are the narratives of the earliest expeditions to Oregon and California, the stuff of adventure and empire and the great American obsession with being first. Yet, nowhere in all this literature is the complete story told of the first overland route to the Pacific Ocean coast of what is now the United States. The first non-Indian to reach the coast by a land route was neither English nor American; he was Spanish. The year was 1774. The trail ran not beside the Platte River through the central plains, but along the Gila River through the southwestern deserts. There were many variations of the latter trail, the last not established until 1848. It is that story, the beginnings of the southern overland route to California, that this book Tells.^Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Trails/roads^book^:
^1991^Hall, D. O.;Scurlock, J. M. O.^Hall, D.O. & J.M.O. Scurlock (1991): Climate Change and Productivity of Natural Grasslands. Annals of Botany 67, 49-55.^^Climate, Grasslands, Native Species, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1857^Hall, James^Hall, James (1857): Geology and Palaeontology of the Boundary. In: Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, Made under the Direction of the Secretary of the Interior. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. (Ed: Emory, William H.) 34th Congress, 1st Session, Washington, D. C., 101-174. (House Executive Document No. 135)^^Exploration, Geology, Paleontology, Surveys^chapter^:
^1902^Hall, Sharlot M.^Hall, Sharlot M. (1902): Prescott. F.A. Pattee & Co., Prescott. 115 Pages.^^Granite Creek, History, Prescott^book^:
^1941^Halle, L. J.^Halle, L.J. (1941): River of Ruins. H. Holt and Company, New York.^^Description, Gila River, Historical Accuracy^book^:
^1950^Hallenbeck, C.^Hallenbeck, C. (1950): Land of the Conquistadores. Caxton Printers, Caldwell, Id.^^History, Indians, Military, Spanish^book^:
^1940^Hallenbeck, C.^Hallenbeck, C. (1940): Alvar Nu¤ez Cabeza de Vaca: The Journey and Route of the First European to Cross the Continent of North America, 1534-1536. The Arthur H. Clark Co., Glendale, California.^^Exploration, Spanish, Trails/roads^book^:
^1962^Halpenny, Leonard C.^Halpenny, Leonard C. (1962): Ground-Water Resources Within the San Xavier Indian Reservation and Proposals Relating to Leases for Development of Ground Water. Water Development Corporation, Tucson, Arizona.^^Groundwater, San Xavier, Santa Cruz River, Tohono O'odham, Water Supply^book^:
^1988^Halpenny,Leonard C.^Halpenny,Leonard C. (1988):Review of the Hydrogeology of the Santa Cruz Basin in the Vicinity of the Santa Cruz-Pima County Line. Paper presented at the First Annual Conference, Arizona Hydrological Society, Phoenix, Arizona, 16 September, 1988.^"The objective of the investigation was to determine the differences, if any, that might exist between the hydrogeology of the Santa Cruz Basin in Santa Cruz County and in Pima County. Several differences were Found:..."^Geohydrology, Santa Cruz River^other^:
^1991^Halpenny,Leonard C.; Halpenny,Philip C.^Halpenny,Leonard C.; Halpenny,Philip C. (1991):Renewable Urban Water Supplies, Nogales and the Microbasins of the Santa Cruz River, A Case of Natural Water Banking. Fifth Biennial Symposium on Artificial Recharge of Groundwater, "Challenges of the 1990s," Tucson, AZ, May 1991.^"A series of four sub-basins extend along the Santa Cruz River from the border. Low-permeability formations surround the shoestring aquifer of alluvial deposits. In places the bedrock intrudes into the aquifer, forming pockets of alluvium (at one bedrock boundary (Guevavi Narrows) flow is perennial, with an associated riparian habitat). These cells are periodically recharged by river flow, and in periods of no flow they constitute storage reservoirs which can be utilized as water supply sources. On a statistical basis these pocket basins constitute a reliable supply. The recharge characteristics of these basins allow them to refill quickly when flow Occurs."^Groundwater, Santa Cruz River, Water Supply^other^:
^1953^Hammond, G.;Rey, A.^Hammond, G. & A. Rey (1953): Don Juan de O¤ate, Colonizer of New Mexico, 1595-1628. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.^^Bill Williams River, Biography, Colorado River, Exploration, Rio Puerco, Spanish^book^:
^1949^Hammond, George P.^Hammond, George P. (Ed.) (1949): The Journal and Letters of Col. John Van Deusen Du Bois. Arizona Pioneers' Historical Society, Tucson.^^Anglos, Journals, Military^book^:
^1940^Hammond, George P.^Hammond, George P. (1940): Narratives of the Coronado Expedition, 1540-1542. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.^^Exploration, Gila River, Journals, Military, San Pedro River, Spanish^book^:
^1931^Hammond, George P.^Hammond, George P. (1931): The Zuniga Journal, Tucson to Santa Fe. New Mexico Historical Review 6, 40-61.^At the very end of the eighteenth century, when the colonial empire of Spain was tottering to its fall, the officials of New Spain inaugurated a movement to establish a direct trade route between the province of Sonora and Santa Fe, the capital of New Mexico. The object was to open a route which would facilitate the exchange of goods between these two provinces to their mutual benefit, for it would be much shorter than the road by way of El Paso, so it was Thought.^Exploration, Gila River, Journals, Sonora, Spanish, Trade, Trails/roads, Travel^article^:
^1929^Hammond, George P.^Hammond, George P. (1929): Pimeria Alta After Kino's Time. New Mexico Historical Review 4(3), 220-238.^^History, Human Impact, Missions, Pimeria Alta, Spanish, Tohono O'odham^article^:
^1994^Hanchett,Jr,Leland.^Hanchett,Jr,Leland. (1994):Arizona's Graham-Tewkesbury Feud. Pine Rim Publishing Company, Phoenix.^^Cattle, Colorado Plateau, Little Colorado River, Ranching, Sheep, Warfare^book^:
^1914^Hancock, H. L.^Hancock, H.L. (1914): Report on the Irrigated Lands of the Verde River and Its Tributaries in 1914. (Report by the Court Water Commissioner; Arizona State Archives, Phoenix)^^Irrigation, Verde River^other^:
^1987^Hanna, David C.;Kupel, Douglas E.^Hanna, David C. & Douglas E. Kupel (1987): The San Xavier Archaeological Project. Cultural & Environmental Systems, Inc., Tucson, Arizona. (Southwest Cultural Series No. 1, Vol. II)^This section of the report presents an overview of archaeological and historical research pertaining to the Tucson Basin, southern Arizona, northern Sonora and the Southwest culture area at large. It was developed explicitly as a resource to be used in describing, analyzing and evaluating the scientific, ethnic, historic and public significance of the cultural resources within the San Xavier Archaeological Project (SXAP) area. In addition, the overview was designed as an adjunct to the project's research design (see Section IV, this report), which draws upon it in defining problem Domains.^Archaeology, Hohokam, San Xavier, Santa Cruz River, Tohono O'odham, Tucson^book^:
^1972^Hanson, Ronald L.;Brown, S. G.^Hanson, Ronald L. & S.G. Brown (1972): Subsurface Hydraulics in the Area of the Gila River Phreatophyte Project, Graham County, Arizona. (Gila River Phreatophyte Project) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 655-F)^Along a 15-miles reach of the Gila River valley upstream from the San Carlos Reservoir in south-central Arizona, the flood plain and its adjacent terraces are underlain by basin fill and alluvial deposits. The basin fill consists of silt, sand, and clay and is estimated to be more than 1, 000 feet thick. The alluvium consists of as much as 60 feet of gravel, sand, and silt and fills a 6, 000-foot-wide valley incised in the basin Fill.^Dams, Geomorphology, Gila River, Phreatophytes, Saltcedar^book^:
^1994^Harbour, Tom;Bushner, Greg;McCraw, Tricia;Carr, Tom^Harbour, Tom, Greg Bushner, Tricia McCraw & Tom Carr (1994): Arizona Riparian Protection Program Legislative Report. Arizona Department of Water Resources, Phoenix.^"On July 10, 1992, the Governor of Arizona signed an act into law providing for the collection of scientific and economic data to study the protection of riparian ecosystems throughout the State. The act calls for a study of specific impacts to riparian communities, bringing to the forefront an increasing awareness and commitment to riparian protection. As we seek to protect riparian vegetation communities from increased demands on both surface water and groundwater supplies, many inter-related issues must be addressed. These issues range from the development of new water supplies for growing communities and the impact this growth will have on the nearby riparian areas, to the need for conjunctive management of surface water and groundwater resources in recognition of hydraulically interconnected stream-aquifer systems. Projected future groundwater demands must be analyzed considering current impacts to hydrologic systems as riparian areas are intextricably tied to these systems. In order to effectively address these and other concerns it is necessary to collect valid scientific data on which to base credible and effective management programs whether regulatory or Non-regulatory."^Groundwater, Human Impact, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Surface Water, Verde River, Water Supply^book^:
^1939^Hargrave, L. L.^Hargrave, L.L. (1939): Bird Bones from Abandoned Indian Dwellings in Arizona and Utah. Condor 41, 206-210.^^Archaeology, Birds, Indians^article^:
^1932^Hargrave, Lyndon L.^Hargrave, Lyndon L. (1932):Oraibi: A Brief History of the Oldest Inhabited Town in the United States. Museum Notes (Museum of Northern Arizona) 4(7, January), 1-8.^About fifty miles north of the Little Colorado River in northern Arizona is a high mesa overlooking the sandy waste of Oraibi Valley. To the east is seen the deep 'cut' of the wash and the escarpment of the Second Mesa of Hopi-land. To the west the outline of the majestic San Francisco Peaks, the home of the rain-bringing Kachinas of the Hopis, is seen against the azure sky; and to the west and north extends the yellow top of the mesa sparesly covered with brush. Below the mesa rim are gardens and fields where corn, beans and melons are grown, and also orchards of peach trees. Many of these trees are seedlings from trees transplanted by Spanish Missionaries during the Mission Period of the seventeenth Century.^History, Hopi Indians, Little Colorado River, Spanish^article^:
^1976^Harlan, Annita;Dennis, Arthur E.^Harlan, Annita & Arthur E. Dennis (1976): A Preliminary Plant Geography of Canyon de Chelly National Monument. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 11(June), 69-78.^^Canyon De Chelly, Navajos, Plant Geography, Refuges/preserves, Vegetation^article^:
^1992^Harrington, M. G.;Sackett, S. S.^Harrington, M.G. & S.S. Sackett (1992): Past and Present Fire Influences on Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Old Growth. In: Old-Growth Forests in the Southwest and Rocky Mountain Ranges: Proceedings of a Workshop. USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ft. Collins, Colorado, 44-50.^^Anthology/proceedings, Fire, Logging, Mountains^chapter^:
^1960^Harris, Benjamin Butler^Harris, Benjamin Butler (1960): The Gila Trail: The Texas Argonauts and the California Gold Rush. (Series Ed: Dillon, Richard H.) University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Anglos, Gila River, Mining, Travel^book^:
^1966^Harris, David R.^Harris, David R. (1966): Recent Plant Invasions in the Arid and Semi-Arid Southwest of the United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 56(September), 408-422.^Several plant communities in the Southwest have been drastically altered within a century by the rapid spread of a small number of woody species. The habitats principally affected have been the plateaus and plains at intermediate elevations, which formerly supported grassland and have now been invaded on a massive scale by mesquite and other native shrubs, and the stream courses, which have been extensively occupied by tamarisk, an alien species from Eurasia.^Mesquite Trees, Saltcedar, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1993^Harshman, Celina Anne; Maddock III, Thomas^Harshman, Celina Anne; Maddock III, Thomas (1993):The Hyrdology and Riparian Restoration of the Bill Williams River Basin Near Parker, Arizona. Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson.^The examination of the Bill Williams River system requires the thorough evaluation of two factors critical to the health of the sytem: firstly, the supply of waters adequate to result in consistent baseflows of 15 - 20 cfs through the refuge, as was historically the case; and secondly, the occurrence of 'flood-event' processes which cause system modifications crucial to riparian forest health. This involves the collection and review of all available data, a detailed description of the geology of the regioh, and a quantification of the hydrologic dynamics of the area. Also necessary is a fundamental understanding of the ecology of these riparian systems to effectively incorporate constructive alterations into the system. A review of the most current scientific studies upon riparian systems detailing recruitment mechanisms and relevant environmental factors will be presented, and the results incorporated into a preliminary management plan for the Refuge.^Bill Williams River, Hydrology, Refuges/preserves, Restoration^book^:
^1936^Haskett, Bert^Haskett, Bert (1936): History of the Sheep Industry in Arizona. Arizona Historical Review 7(3, July), 2-49.^This is another interesting book about sheeping in Arizona, and it is valuable in a different way than Barstad's Verde River Sheep Bridge book. While Barstad has several interesting photos, this one has none. Lots of history, though. Has a discussion of Spanish influences, and shows the number of sheep in each county in the late 1800's.^Ranching, Sheep^article^:
^1935^Haskett, Bert^Haskett, Bert (1935): Early History of the Cattle Industry in Arizona. Arizona Historical Review 6(4), 3-42.^^Cattle, History, Ranching^article^:
^1985^Hassler, David W.^Hassler, David W. (1985): Charles O. Cunningham, California-Arizona Pioneer, 1852-1865. Arizona and the West 27(3, Autumn), 253-268.^Hundreds of small-time entrepreneurs contributed to the settlement of the American West. One of the unsung pioneers was Charles Oliver Cunningham. A native of New England, he emigrated to California during the gold rush, was an early settler in Los Angeles County, and eventually drifted to Western Arizona, where he sought his fortune in mining capitalism. Instead, he found a premature grave at the hands of Indians. An energetic, capable, and likeable individual, he contributed significantly to the early political development of Southern California and to economic enterprise in the newly created Arizona Territory. Today, a mountain, a pass, and a wash in La Paz County, Arizona, bear his Name.^Anglos, Biography, Mining^article^:
^1963^Hastings, James Rodney^Hastings, James Rodney (1963): Historical Changes in the Vegetation of a Desert Region. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona.^^Human Impact, Sonoran Desert, Vegetation Change^other^:
^1959^Hastings, James Rodney^Hastings, James Rodney (1959): Vegetation Change and Arroyo Cutting in Southeastern Arizona. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 1(October), 60-67.^"During the course of the last half-century a full-blown set of legends has grown up around changes that have supposedly occurred in the biological environment of southeastern Arizona. Fields of grass 'belly-high to a horse' used to wave across mesas and bajadas free frum brush and undissected by gullies. Streams used to run the year around, backed up by beaver dams into clear ponds in which salmon trout sported. Springs dotted the uplands. Cienegas, marshes, and swamps were abundant." filed Arroyo-cutting^arroyos, Erosion, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1980^Hastings, James Rodney;Turner, Raymond M.^Hastings, James Rodney & Raymond M. Turner (1980 (4th printing)): The Changing Mile: An Ecological Study of Vegetation Change With Time in the Lower Mile of an Arid and Semiarid Region. 1965 ed. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.^The University of Arizona's Institute of Atmospheric Physics has for some years sponsored a broad research program dealing with the basic climatology of dry regions; this study, reinforced by a similar interest of the United States Geological Survey in the hydrology of such areas, is a direct product of that program. Using materials drawn from a variety of disciplines, 'The Changing Mile' explores the repective parts played by man and climate in altering the face of the arid Southwest of the United States and the arid Northwest of Mexico.^Climate, Environmental Change, Human Impact, Photos/art, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1992^Haury, Emil W.;Reid, J. Jefferson;Doyel, David E.^Haury, Emil W., J. Jefferson Reid & David E. Doyel (1992 (2nd printing)): Prehistory of the American Southwest. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Archaeology, Indians^book^:
^1959^Haury, Emil W.;Sayles, E. B.;Wasley, W. W.^Haury, Emil W., E.B. Sayles & W.W. Wasley (1959): The Lehner Mammoth Site, Southeastern Arizona. American Antiquity 25, 2-30.^^Archaeology, Mammals, Paleontology, San Pedro River^article^:
^1986^Haury, Loren R.^Haury, Loren R. (1986): Zooplankton of the Colo-rado River, Glen Canyon Dam to Diamond Creek. Grand Canyon Environmental Studies Report B-10, 59 Pages.^^Aquatic Biota, Colorado River, Glen Canyon Dam, Invertebrates^other^:
^1971^Hawkins, Helen B.^Hawkins, Helen B. (1971): A History of Wickenburg to 1875. Maricopa County Historical Society, Wickenburg, Arizona.^The attention of the Nation has been turned toward Arizona in recent years. Large numbers of visitors have come from other sections of the country attracted by Arizona's unique climate and scenery, and seeking refreshment from an industrial society in a land where the 'Old West' lingers. This has served to increase further the interest of Arizonans in their heritage, to renew a pride in the deeds of those who settled a wilderness not too many years Ago.^Hassayampa River, History, Wickenburg^book^:
^1996^Hayden^Hayden (No date): Various Notes on the Virgin River. On file at the Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^^Virgin River^other^:
^1996^Hayden^Hayden (No date):James Lee. Hayden File, Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^Information on Silver Lake, Santa Cruz River water supply, and a flour mill near Sentinel Hill ("A Mountain") in Tucson, mid 1800s.^Flour Mills, Lakes, Santa Cruz River^other^:
^1996^Hayden^Hayden (No date):Solomon Warner. Hayden File, Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^Information about Warner's Lake, Warner's Mill, Santa Cruz River water supply. . . ."Sam Hughes says that in 1858 which was a cold season for this latitude, the waters of the Santa Cruz were so deep that a flat boat could be navigated, probably, clear to the Gila at Maricopa, and that the Rillito was 3/4 of a mile in Width."^Flour Mills, Lakes, Santa Cruz River^other^:
^1977^Hayden, B. P.;Dolan, P.;Carothers, S. W.^Hayden, B.P., P. Dolan & S.W. Carothers (1977): Float-Trip Campsites, Red Harvester Ants, and the Common Ant Lion: Man's Impact on Food Chains. In: Grand Canyon Studies (Museum of Northern Arizona, MS. rept.), pages 16-25 Cited by Carothers and Brown (1991, p. 220).^^Colorado River, Human Impact, Insects, Recreation^other^:
^1965^Hayden, C.^Hayden, C. (1965): A History of the Pima Indians and the San Carlos Irrigation Project (compiled in 1924). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Coolidge Dam, Gila River, Irrigation, Pima Indians, San Carlos Irrigation Project^book^:
^1996^Hayden, Charles C.^Hayden, Charles C. (no date):Copy of Letter from Albert A. Benedict to Kirby Benedict. Letter dated may 23, 1863, Arizona, Maricopa Wells; from the Hayden file on Albert Case Benedict at the Arizona Historical Foundation, Arizona State University, Tempe.^^Agua Fria River, Exploration, Gila River, Mining^other^:
^1996^Hayden, Charles C.^Hayden, Charles C. (no date):Benedict, Albert Case: The Walker Party. The Hayden file on Albert Case Benedict, including a reprint attributed to: Fish, M.S., Chapter 8, pages 336-340; from the Hayden File, Arizona Historical Foundation, Arizona State University, Tempe.^The Discovery of Gold Near Prescott: On the withdrawal of troops from Arizona in 1861 the Indians had full control. All mining ceased and was not resumed for several years, then the tide of prosperity began to drift into the northern part of the Territory. In 1862 the Placer gold mines of the Colorado drew a crowd of miners and many of them soon scattered and drifted north, where developments were soon made of a wonderful nature in the vicinity of the Hassayampa.^Colorado River, Exploration, Hassayampa River, Indians, Mining, Prescott^other^:
^1972^Hayden, Charles Trumbull^Hayden, Charles Trumbull (1972): Charles Trumbull Hayden, Pioneer. Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^^Anglos, Biography, Ferries, Flour Mills, Tempe, Urbanization^book^:
^1929^Hayes, B. J.^Hayes, B.J. (1929): Pioneer Notes from the Diaries of Judge Benjamin Hayes, 1849-1875. Private publisher, Los Angeles. 307 Pages.^^Anglos, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1871^Hays, W. J.^Hays, W.J. (1871): Notes on the Range of Some of the Animals in America at the Time of Arrival of the White Men. American Naturalist 5, 25-30.^^Native Species, Plant Geography, Wildlife^article^:
^1967^Heald, W. F.^Heald, W.F. (1967): Sky Island. Van Nostrand, Princeton, New Jersey.^^Chiricahuas, Description, Mountains, Sky Islands^book^:
^1908^Heard, D. B.^Heard, D.B. (1908): Government Water Storage in the Salt River Valley. The Earth (August), 3-4.^^Agriculture, Dams, Salt River^article^:
^1978^Hecht, M. E.^Hecht, M.E. (1978): Agriculture: Its Historic and Contemporary Role in Arizona's Economy. Arizona Review 27, 10.^^Agriculture, Economics^article^:
^1981^Hecht, Melvin E.; Reeves, Richard W.^Hecht, Melvin E.; Reeves, Richard W. (1981):The Arizona Atlas. Office of Arid Lands Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson. 164 Pages.^^Agriculture, Atlas, Groundwater, Mining, Settlement^book^:
^1985^Heede, Burchard H.^Heede, Burchard H. (1985): Interactions Between Streamside Vegetation and Stream Dynamics. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 54-57. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^Interrelationships between vegetation and hydrologic processes in riparian ecosystems must be considered by managers before they attempt to alter these natural systems. A 5-year experiment demonstrated that logs that fall across the channel from streamside forests dissipate flow energy, maintain channel stability, decrease bedload movement, and increase water Quality.^Geomorphology, Riparian Areas, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1963^Hegemann, Elizabeth Compton^Hegemann, Elizabeth Compton (1963): Navaho Trading Days. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 388 Pages.^^Anglos, Biography, Navajos, Trade^book^:
^1952^Heindl, L. H.^Heindl, L.H. (1952): Upper San Pedro Basin, Cochise County. In: Ground Water in the Gila River Basin and Adjacent Areas, Arizona - A Summary. (Eds: Halpenny, Leonard C. et al.) (U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C., 69-86.^^Cochise County, Gila River, Groundwater, San Pedro River, Water Supply^chapter^:
^1950^Hem, John D.^Hem, John D. (1950): Quality of the Water in the Gila River Basin above Coolidge Dam, Arizona. Vol. WSP1104. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 230 Pages.^^Coolidge Dam, Gila River, Water Quality^book^:
^1942^Henderson, Randall^Henderson, Randall (1942): Old Iron Boat on the Colorado. The Desert Magazine (January), 5-10.^Eighty-four years ago this month Lieut. Joseph C. Ives was steaming up the Colorado River in an iron boat for the purpose of determining whether or not the stream was navigable. With much pushing and towing the clumsy craft finally reached Black canyon and then almost met with disaster near the spot where Boulder dam is located. Following the exploratory trip, the boat was sold to Yuma rivermen and then disappeared from the pages of history. Within recent years the craft has been rediscovered, almost buried in the silt of the Colorado river delta -and its skeleton is still to be seen there. Here is the story of one of the most thrilling episodes in the history of the Southwest.^Colorado River, Steamboats^article^:
^1960^Hendricks, E. L.;Kam, William;Bowie, James E.^Hendricks, E.L, William Kam & James E. Bowie (1960): Progress Report on Use of Water by Riparian Vegetation, Cottonwood Wash, Arizona. (Geological Survey Circular, 434.) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^"Measurements of streamflow, ground-water levels, and meteorological data obtained in a 4.1-mile reach of the flood plain of Cottonwood Wash, Mohave County, Ariz., define the use of water by riparian vegetation in that part of the stream valley. The computed evapotranspiration loss during the growing season of 1959 was 175 acre-feet, which represented about 33 percent of the water the entered the reach. The maximum rate of loss during the season was slightly more than 8 acre-feet per week, or about 60 percent of the Inflow..."^Cottonwood Wash, Evapotranspiration, Mohave County, Vegetation, Water Loss^book^:
^1984^Hendrickson, Dean A.;Minckley, W. L.^Hendrickson, Dean A. & W.L. Minckley (1984): Cienegas - Vanishing Climax Communities of the American Southwest. Desert Plants 6(3).^^Ecosystems, Species Decline, Vegetation Change, Water Loss, Wetlands^article^:
^1948^Hensley, Arthur L.;Fox, B. C.^Hensley, Arthur L. & B.C. Fox (1948): Experiments on the Management of Colorado River Beaver. California Fish and Game 34(3, July 1), 115-131.^^Beaver, Colorado River^article^:
^1965^Henson, P.^Henson, P. (1965): Founding a Wilderness Capital: Prescott, A.T., 1864. Northland Press, Flagstaff. 261 Pages.^^Anglos, Granite Creek, Prescott, Verde River^book^:
^1986^Herbel, C. H.^Herbel, C.H. (1986): Vegetation Changes on Arid Rangeland of the Southwestern United States. Cambridge University, Cambridge.^^Grasslands, Grazing, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1985^Herbel, C. H.^Herbel, C.H. (1985): Vegetation Changes on Arid Rangelands of the Southwest. Rangelands 7, 19-21.^^Grasses, Grasslands, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1986^Herbert, Harold E.;Campbell, Erick^Herbert, Harold E. & Erick Campbell (1986): Time Line/Social History of the Upper San Pedro River Valley (1540-1986). Cochise County Historical and Archaeological Society, Douglas, Arizona.^^Chronology, Cochise County, History, San Pedro River^book^:
^1993^Hereford, R.^Hereford, R. (1993): Geomorphic Evolution of the San Pedro River Channel Since 1900 in the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, Southeast Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey, Tucson.^^Channel Change, Geomorphology, Refuges/preserves, San Pedro River^book^:
^1991^Hereford, R.^Hereford, R. (1991): Geomorphic Evolution of the San Pedro River Channel Since 1900. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (United States Geological Survey Open File Report)^^Geomorphology, San Pedro River^book^:
^1984^Hereford, R.^Hereford, R. (1984): Climate and Ephemeral-Stream Processes: Twentieth-Century Geomorphology and Alluvial Stratigraphy of the Little Colorado River, Arizona. Geological Society of America Bulletin 95, 654-668.^^Climate, Ephemeral Streams, Geomorphology, Little Colorado River^article^:
^1992^Hereford,R.^Hereford,R. (1992):Geomorphic Evolution of the San Pedro River Channel Since 1900 in the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, Southeast Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-517, 46 p. 23 figs., 4 tables, 4 Plates.^^Channel Change, Geomorphology, Refuges/preserves, San Pedro River^other^:
^1993^Hereford,Richard^Hereford,Richard (1993):Entrenchment and Widening of the Upper San Pedro River, Arizona. Geological Society of America Special Paper 282, 46 p., 42 Figs.^^Channel Change, San Pedro River^other^:
^1987^Hereford,Richard^Hereford,Richard (1987):Upper Holocene Alluvium of the Southern Colorado Plateau: A Field Guide. In: Geologic Diversity of Arizona and its Margins: Excursions to Choice Areas. (Eds: Davis,G. H.; VandendDolder,E. M.) (Special Paper, No. 5.) Arizona Bureau of Geology and Mineral Technology, Tucson, 53-67.^^Colorado Plateau, Geology^chapter^:
^1993^Hereford,Richard; Fairley,H. C.; Thompson,K. S.; Balsom,J. R.^Hereford,Richard; Fairley,H. C.; Thompson,K. S.; Balsom,J. R. (1993):Surficial Geology, Geomorphology, and Erosion of Archeologic Sites Along the Colorado River, Eastern Grand Canyon, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-157, 46 p., 23 figs., 4 tables, 4 Plates.^^Archaeology, Colorado River, Erosion, Geology, Geomorphology, Grand Canyon^other^:
^1995^Hereford,Richard; Thompson,K. S.; Burke,K. J.; Fairley,H. C.^Hereford,Richard; Thompson,K. S.; Burke,K. J.; Fairley,H. C. (1995):Late Holocene Debris Fans and Alluvial Chronology of the Colorado River, Eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-57, 28 p., 10 figs., 4 Tables.^^Colorado River, Geology, Grand Canyon^other^:
^1992^Hereford,Richard; Webb,R. H.^Hereford,Richard; Webb,R. H. (1992):Historic Variation of Warm-Season Rainfall, Southern Colorado Plateau, Southwestern U.S.A. Climatic Change 23, 239-256.^^Climate, Colorado Plateau, Geology, Precipitation^article^:
^1987^Heuett, Mary Lou;Miller, Skip;Betancourt, Julio L.;Stafford, Jr, Thomas W.^Heuett, Mary Lou, Skip Miller, Julio L. Betancourt & Thomas W. Stafford, Jr. (1987): The San Xavier Archaeological Project. (Southwest Cultural Series, No. 1, Vol. 1.) Cultural & Environmental Systems, Inc., Tucson, Arizona.^"The staff of Cultural & Environmental Systems, Inc. (C&ES), conducted a Class III archaeological survey of 18, 729 acres (7491.6 hectares) of the San Xavier District of the Tohono O'odham (Papago) Indian Reservation, Pima County, Arizona, from July 1983 through April 1984. The San Xavier Archaeological Project (SXAP) was conducted on both tribal and allotted, federal trust lands. Santa Cruz Properties, Inc., (SCP), a private development firm based in Palm Springs, California, proposes to lease federal trust lands to build a planned community of 100, 000 people. The Class III survey was undertaken as part of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the proposed project. The purpose of the survey was fourfold: to locate and identify the extent of the cultural resources; to ascertain their structure, content, variability, inter- and intra-site relationships and their environmental context; to asses potential impacts to the cultural resources by the proposed San Xavier/Tucson Planned Community; and to provide a management Plan."^Archaeology, San Xavier, Santa Cruz River, Tohono O'odham^book^:
^1971^Hibbert, A. R.^Hibbert, A.R. (1971): Increases in Streamflow after Converting Chaparral to Grass. Water Resources Research 7, 71-80.^^Exotic Species, Geomorphology, Grasses, Human Impact, Streamflow, Uplands, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1927^Hill, J. J.^Hill, J.J. (1927): The History of Warner's Ranch and its Environs. Privately Published, Los Angeles.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Ranching^book^:
^1923^Hill, J. J.^Hill, J.J. (1923): Ewing Young in the Fur Trade of the Far Southwest, 1822-1834. Oregon Historical Society Quarterly 24, 1-35.^^Anglos, Beaver, Biography, Colorado River, Gila River, Hunting/fishing/trapping, Otter, Salt River, Verde River^article^:
^1932^Hinds, J.^Hinds, J. (1932): The Colorado River Aqueduct. Military Engineer 24, 115-119.^^Canals, Colorado River^article^:
^1970^Hinton, Richard J.^Hinton, Richard J. (1970): The Hand-Book to Arizona: Its Resources, History, Towns, Mines, Ruins, and Scenery. 1877 ed. The Rio Grande Press, Inc., Glorieta, New Mexico.^^Archaeology, Description, Handbook/field Guide, History, Mining, Recreation^book^:
^1989^Hirt, Paul^Hirt, Paul (1989): The Transformation of a Landscape: Culture and Ecology in Southeastern Arizona. Environmental Review 13, 167-189.^^Culture, Ecology, Environmental Change, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1960^Hislop,Herbert R.^Hislop,Herbert R. (1960):An English Pioneer in Arizona: The Letters of Herbert R. Hislop. The Kiva 25(3, February), 23-36. (Part II)^"This is the second of three isntallments of the letters of Herbert R. Hislop, written from Arizona to his grandmother and to his sister, Amy, in England. Hislop and Walter Vail bought the Empire Ranch from E.M. Fish in 1876 to lay the foundations of the Empire Land and Cattle Company, what was to become one of the largest cattle spreads in Arizona."^Diaries/memoirs/letters, History, Santa Cruz River, Sonoita Creek, Travel^article^:
^1960^Hislop,Herbert R.^Hislop,Herbert R. (1960):An English Pioneer in Arizona: The Letters of Herbert R. Hislop. The Kiva 25(4, April), 33-49. (Part III)^"The last in the series of letters of Herbert R. Hislop, written from the Empire Ranch to his sister in England, these letters bring us to Hislop's abrupt departure for England. He later returned to the United States and ranched for a time in southern California, finally settling in Columbus, Ohio. We are grateful to the Hislop family for allowing us to publish these interesting and entertaining Letters."^Diaries/memoirs/letters, History, Santa Cruz River, Sonoita Creek, Travel^article^:
^1959^Hislop,Herbert R.^Hislop,Herbert R. (1959):An English Pioneer in Arizona: The Letters of Herbert R. Hislop. The Kiva 25(2, December), 1-23. (Part I)^"Herbert R. Hislop came to America from England in 1876, at the age of 24. He and Walter Vail purchased the E. M. Fish Ranch, near Sonoita, Arizona, renaming it the Empire Ranch. These remarkable letters give a lively account of Hislop's travels from England to New York, across the country to San Francisco by train, from San Francisco to Los Angeles by ship, from Los Angeles to Tucson by train and stagecoach, and of life in Territorial Arizona. They will appear in this and in the subsequent two issues of The Kiva. Written by H. R. Hislop to his grandmother and to his sister, Amy, in England, these letters were lent to us to publish by the late Thomas H. Hislop whose untimely death occurred in Tucson only a short time ago. To him their publication is sincerely Dedicated."^Diaries/memoirs/letters, History, Santa Cruz River, Sonoita Creek, Travel^article^:
^1990^Hjalmarson, H. W.^Hjalmarson, H.W. (1990): Flood of October 1983 and History of Flooding Along the San Francisco River, Clifton, Arizona. (USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report, 85-4225-B.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^Clifton-morenci, Floods, San Francisco River^book^:
^1986^Hobbs, Richard J.;Streit, Bruno^Hobbs, Richard J. & Bruno Streit (1986): Heavy Metal Concentrations in Plants Growing on a Copper Mine Spoil in the Grand Canyon, Arizona. The American Midland Naturalist 115, 277-281.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Human Impact, Mining, Vegetation, Water Quality^article^:
^1963^Hodge, C.^Hodge, C. (1963): Aridity and Man: The Challenge of the Arid Lands in the United States. AAAS, Washington, D. C.^^Desertification, Human Impact, Water Supply^book^:
^1908^Hodge, F. W.^Hodge, F.W. (1907-1910): Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Ethnology, Handbook/field Guide, Indians^book^:
^1893^Hodge, F. W.^Hodge, F.W. (1893): Prehistoric Irrigation in Arizona. American Anthropologist 6(July), 323-330. (On file at Arizona Historical Society Tucson)^In none of the extensive archaeologic remains of southern Arizona are the industry, perseverance, and degree of advancement of a large pueblo population more faithfully illustrated than in the many works of irrigation that abound in the valleys and on the mountain slopes of this section. Prior to the prosecution of systematic archeologic investigation in this region, it was generally believed that, aside from the employment of catch-basins or rude reservoirs formed at the bases of mountain arroyos, artificial irrigation was not practiced by ancient pueblo builders, and that the existing pueblo tribes derived from the early Spanish missionaries or conquistadores their knowledge of conducting the water from the streams to their fields. In the valleys of the Salado and Gila, in southern Arizona, however, casual observation is sufficient to demonstrate that the ancient inhabitants engaged in agriculture by artificial irrigation to a vast Extent.^Agriculture, Ethnoecology, Gila River, Hohokam, Irrigation, Salt River^article^:
^1907^Hodge, F. W.;Lewis, T. H.^Hodge, F.W. & T.H. Lewis (1907): Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States, 1528-1543. Barnes & Noble, New York.^^Spanish^book^:
^1965^Hodge, Hiram C.^Hodge, Hiram C. (1965): Arizona As It Is, or The Coming Country, Compiled From Notes of Travel During the Years 1874, 1875, and 1876. Rio Grande Press, Glorietta, Nm.^^Anglos, Description, Exploration, Journals^book^:
^1962^Hodge,Hiram C.^Hodge,Hiram C. (1962):Arizona As It Was, 1877. Rio Grande Press, Chicago. 273 Pages.^^History, Rivers^book^:
^1986^Hoffmeister, Donald Frederick^Hoffmeister, Donald Frederick (1986): Mammals of Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Tucson.^^Handbook/field Guide, Mammals^book^:
^1967^Holmes, K. L.^Holmes, K.L. (1967): Ewing Young: Master Trapper. Peter Binford Foundation, Portland, Or.^^Anglos, Beaver, Biography, Colorado River, Gila River, Hunting/fishing/trapping, Salt River, Verde River^book^:
^1994^Hooke, Janet M.^Hooke, Janet M. (1994): Hydrological Analyses of Flow Variation of the Gila River in the Safford Valley, Southeast Arizona. Physical Geography 15(3)(May), 262.^^Gila River, Hydrology, Safford, Streamflow^article^:
^1978^Hooper, C. R.; Hooper, Mildred^Hooper, C. R.; Hooper, Mildred (1978):Ride the Old Ghost Trails. Outdoor Arizona Febraury, 22-25.^Looking for old raods that take you into days gone by? Then try Mohave County, northwest of Wickenburg, where ghost trails - some frayed as old rope - throw a wide loop around Alamo Lake. Tracks made by old ore wagons ravel down the hillsides. Paths thread through the debris of old mining camps. And the wind sighs through mesquites and pale verdes, perhaps whispering of hell-roaring days when ore was discovered along the Bill Williams and the Big Sandy Rivers.^Bill Williams River, Colorado River, Mining^article^:
^1931^Hoover, J. W.^Hoover, J.W. (1931): Modern Canyon Dwellers. Copper 12(December 25), 3-4.^^Colorado River, Indians^article^:
^1974^Horr, D. A.^Horr, D.A. (1974): Indians of the Southwest. Garland Publishing Co., New York.^^Ethnology, Indians^book^:
^1977^Horton, Jerome S.^Horton, Jerome S. (1977): The Development and Perpetuation of the Permanent Tamarisk Type in the Phreatophyte Zone of the Southwest. In: The Importance, Preservation and Management of the Riparian Habitat. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy & Dale A. Jones) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, GTR-RM43.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, 124-127.^Several species of tamarisk were introduced into the United States in the 19th century for ornamental use. Saltcedar became naturalized and by the 1920's was a dominant shrub along the Southwestern rivers. Its aggressive characters suit it to be a permanent dominant in much of the phreatophyte vegetation of this region. Successful management of this vegetation for any resource must carefully consider its ecological Characteristics.^Phreatophytes, Saltcedar, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1970^Horton, Jerome S.^Horton, Jerome S. (1970): Management Problems in the Phreatophyte and Riparian Zones of the Southwest. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 27, 57-61.^Water losses from riparian vegetation, and the ecology and life history of plant species in riparian systems of the southwestern United States are Presented.^Evapotranspiration, Phreatophytes, Riparian Areas, Saltcedar^article^:
^1991^Hosmer, John^Hosmer, John (1991): From the Santa Cruz to the Gila in 1850: An Excerpt from the Overland Journal of William P. Huff. Journal of Arizona History 32(1, Spring).^Over the last few years, a small group of Arizona high-school students has participated in a unique historical study. They examined an original, unpublished gold-rush journal and found it the perfect tool for understanding their past. Tackling the monumental task of transcribing, editing, and publishing the diary of William P. Huff gave the students a firsthand opportunity to compare and relate the descriptions of the southwest 150 years ago with the Arizona they know Today.^Gila River, Journals, Santa Cruz River, Travel^article^:
^1914^Hough, Walter^Hough, Walter (1914): Culture of the Ancient Pueblos of the Upper Gila River Region, New Mexico and Arizona. U.S. National Museum Bulletin 87, Washington D.C. 139 Pages.^^Ethnology, Gila River, Indians, New Mexico^book^:
^1907^Hough, Walter^Hough, Walter (1907): Antiquities of the Upper Gila and Salt River Valleys in Arizona and New Mexico. (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin, 35.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 96 Pages.^^Archaeology, Gila River, Salt River^book^:
^1976^Howard, Alan D.;Dolan, Robert^Howard, Alan D. & Dolan, Robert (1976): Alterations of Terrace Deposits and Beaches of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon Caused by Glen Canyon Dam and by Camping Activities During River Float Trips: Summary, Management Implications and Recommendations for Future Research and Monitoring. (Colorado River Research Program Technical Report, No. 7.) University of Virginia, Charlottesville. 29 Pages.^^Colorado River, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon, Human Impact, Recreation^book^:
^1991^Howard, Jerry B.;Huckleberry, Gary^Howard, Jerry B. & Gary Huckleberry (1991): The Operation and Evolution of an Irrigation System: The East Papago Canal Study. (Soil Systems Publications in Archaeology, No. 18.), Phoenix.^^Agriculture, Canals, Irrigation, Maricopa County, Surveys, Tohono O'odham^book^:
^1899^Howard, O. W.^Howard, O.W. (1899): Summer Resident Warblers of Arizona. Condor 1, 37-40, 63-65.^^Birds^article^:
^1916^Howell, A. B.^Howell, A.B. (1916): Some Results of a Winter's Observations in Arizona. Condor 18, 209-211.^^Birds^article^:
^1977^Hoysradt, David^Hoysradt, David (1977): The Santa Cruz River: It's not the Mississippi, but it's all we've got. The Tucson Citizen (August 13), 7-8, 10.^Tucson's tar-stained 22nd Street Wharf was always a favorite spot for little boys on summer afternoons in the 1870's. From there they would watch and cheer as the mighty sternwheelers nudged out into the current, pilots in the wheelhouses already squinting their eyes for any shifts in the ever-shifty channel of the Rio Santa Cruz. Broad and swift ran the stream in those days, but the rivermen knew their mesquite-filled boilers could drive them to the docks at Port of Nogales by Nightfall.^Description, History, Santa Cruz River^article^:
^1987^Huckell, Bruce^Huckell, Bruce (1987): Agriculture and Late Archaic Settlements in the River Valleys of Southeastern Arizona. In: Proceedings of the Hohokam Symposium. (Eds: Ditter, Jr., Alfred E. & D.E. Dove) Archaeological Society, Phoenix.^^Agriculture, Cochise County, Indians, Pima County, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz County, Santa Cruz River^chapter^:
^1992^Huckleberry, Gary^Huckleberry, Gary (1992): Soil Evidence of Hohokam Irrigation in the Salt River Valley, Arizona. The Kiva 57(3), 237-249.^"Hohokam irrigation in the Salt River Valley modified the chemical and physical properties of soils. Of these modifications, the accumulation of silts and clays at the surface is most resistant to post-depositional processes. Surprisingly, evidence for prehistoric, irrigation-affected soils in the Salt River Valley is not well-documented. The apparent paucity of prehistoric irrigation signatures in mdoern soils may be due to inadequate sampling or to cumulative irrigation at most locations being insufficient to leave a persistent soil signature. A preliminary strategy for identifying prehistoric irrigation-affected soils is Suggested."^Agriculture, Hohokam, Irrigation, Salt River, Soil^article^:
^1937^Huey, L. M.^Huey, L.M. (1937): Descriptions of New Mammals From Arizona and Sonora, Mexico. Transcripts of the San Diego Society of Natural History 9, 47-54.^^Mammals^article^:
^1966^Hufford, K.^Hufford, K. (1966, 1967): Travelers on the Gila Trail. Journal of Arizona History (Spring). (Parts 1 and 2)^^Anglos, Gila River, Trails/roads, Travel^article^:
^1983^Hughes, J. Donald^Hughes, J. Donald (1983): American Indian Ecology. Texas Western Press, El Paso.^^Ethnoecology, Indians^book^:
^1978^Hughes, J. Donald^Hughes, J .Donald (1978): In the House of Stone and Light; a Human History of the Grand Canyon. Grand Canyon Natural History Association, Grand Canyon, Arizona.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, History, Human Impact, Indians^book^:
^1967^Hughes, J. Donald^Hughes, J .Donald (1967): The Story of Man at Grand Canyon. (Grand Canyon Natural History Association Bulletin, No. 14.) Grand Canyon Natural History Association, Grand Canyon, Arizona.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, History, Human Impact^book^:
^1987^Humphrey, Robert R.^Humphrey, Robert R. (1987): 90 Years and 535 Miles: Vegetation Changes Along the Mexican Border. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.^Description of the San Pedro River and vegetation changes near It.^Environmental Change, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, U.s.-mexico Border, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1968^Humphrey, Robert R.^Humphrey, Robert R. (1968): The Desert Grassland: A History of Vegetation Change and an Analysis of Causes. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Grasslands, History, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1963^Humphrey, Robert R.^Humphrey, Robert R. (1963): The Role of Fire in the Desert and Desert Grassland Areas of Arizona. In: Proceedings of Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference. Vol. 2. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, Florida, 45-62.^^Anthology/proceedings, Fire, Grasslands, Sonoita Creek, Uplands^chapter^:
^1959^Humphrey, Robert R.^Humphrey, Robert R. (1959): History of Vegetational Changes in Arizona. (Your Range -- Its Management) University of Arizona, Tucson. 7 pages. (University of Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station and Arizona Extension Service, Special Report No. 2)^^History, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1958^Humphrey, Robert R.^Humphrey, Robert R. (1958): The Desert Grassland: A History of Vegetational Change and an Analysis of Causes. The Botanical Review 24(4, April), 193-252.^The desert grassland concept used here corresponds essentially with that of Shantz' desert grassland and desert savanna. Shreve's desert grassland transition is identical in part but also includes rather extensive areas, largely in eastern New Mexico and western Texas in the Staked Plains area classified as short grass or tall grass by Shantz. Clements' desert plains appears to include much the same area as Shantz' desert Grassland.^Grasslands, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1953^Humphrey, Robert R.^Humphrey, Robert R. (1953): The Desert Grassland Past and Present. Journal of Range Management 6, 159-164.^^Grasslands, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1958^Humphrey, Robert R.;Mehrhoff, L. A.^Humphrey, Robert R. & L.A. Mehrhoff (1958): Vegetation Changes on a Southern Arizona Grassland Range. Ecology 39(4, October), 720-726.^As a result of the advent of the white man into southwestern United States and the consequent introduction of cattle and sheep, most of the desert grassland ranges now produce much less forage than they once did. A comparison of past vegetal composition with that of the present show one startling fact: the almost complete dominance today of noxious shrubs over many millions of acres of range land that were formerly grass. In this study certain vegetation changes that have taken place on a desert grassland range are discussed and the more important possible causes for these changes evaluated. The factors evaluated include: climatic changes, grazing by domestic livestock, rodents and Fire.^Exotic Species, Fire, Grasses, Grazing, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1858^Humphreys, A. A.^Humphreys, A.A. (1858): Preliminary Report of the Expedition to Explore the Colorado River of the West by Lt. J. C. Ives, 1857-1858. In: Capt. Humphreys' Annual Report. Office of Explorations and Surveys, U.S. War Department, Washington, D. C., 31-42.^^Colorado River, Exploration, Little Colorado River, Surveys^chapter^:
^1975^Hundley Jr, Norris^Hundley, Jr., Norris (1975): Water and the West: the Colorado River Compact and the Politics of Water. University of California Press, Berkeley. 395 Pages.^^Colorado River, Water Management^book^:
^1966^Hundley, Jr, Norris.^Hundley, Jr., Norris. (1966): Dividing the Waters: A Century of Controversy Between the United States and Mexico. University of California Press, Berkeley. 266 Pages.^^Colorado River, Water Supply^book^:
^1993^Hunt,Bobbie S.^Hunt,Bobbie S. (1993):It Is Not Often. Pine Graphics, Overdard, Arizona.^^Holbrook, Little Colorado River, Ranching^book^:
^1985^Hunter, William C.;Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Hunter, William C., Bertin W. Anderson & Robert D. Ohmart (1985): Summer Avian Community Composition of Tamarix Habitats in Three Southwestern Desert Riparian Systems. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 128-134. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^^Birds, Habitat, Riparian Areas, Saltcedar^chapter^:
^1988^Hunter, William C.;Ohmart, Robert D.;Anderson, Bertin W.^Hunter, William C., Robert D. Ohmart & Bertin W. Anderson (1988): Use of Exotic Saltcedar (Tamarix chinensis) by Birds in Arid Riparian Systems. Condor 90, 113-123.^"Avian use of saltcedar along the middle Pecos River was compared with similarly collect data along the lower Colorado River and Rio Grande. Use of saltcedar ranked high among all bird groups in all seasons on the middle Pecos River. In contrast, many species do not occur in the saltcedar on the lower Colorado River, while few species winter in saltcedar on the lower Rio Grande. Occurrence of granivores and insectivores during winter in saltcedar on the Pecos River may be explained by seed-producing shrubs and annuals within or adjacent to these habitats. Most breeding birds on the Pecos River are summer visitors. These breeding species, though present, do not occur in saltcedar on the Colorado River despite abundant food resources and occur in intermediate abundances on the Rio Grande. Densities of several summer-visiting insectivores have declined markedly on the Colorado River since the proliferation of saltcedar, whereas they havae remained relatively stable in other river valleys to the east. Biogeographical considerations, specifically elevational (climatic) gradients, are suggested reasons for this Phenomenon."^Birds, Colorado River, Riparian Areas, Saltcedar^article^:
^1987^Hunter, William C.;Ohmart, Robert D.;Anderson, Bertin W.^Hunter, William C., Robert D. Ohmart & Bertin W. Anderson (1987): Status of Breeding Riparian-Obligate Birds in Southwestern Riverine Systems. Western Birds 18, 10-18.^^Birds, Ecosystems, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1996^Hunter, William H.^Hunter, William H. (No date): Transcript of a Diary-Journal of Events, etc., on a Journey from Missouri to California in 1849. Manuscript on file at University of Arizona Special Collections Library.^^Anglos, Journals, Travel^other^:
^1957^Huntington, Dan J. W.^Huntington, Dan J.W. (1957): Fort McDowell in the Eighties. Manuscript on file at Arizona State Archives, Phoenix.^^Fort Mcdowell, Military, Verde River^other^:
^1964^Hurley, Jack^Hurley, Jack (1964): All-Out War on Mosquitoes Launched. Arizona Public Health News 58(4), 13.^All-out warfare has been declared on Pinal County mosquitoes. City, county and state health officials have combined forces to make life as miserable for the mosquito, as the pest has been making life unbearable for local residents. Many of the mosquitoes found by officials in local areas are the dread Culex tarsalis, carriers of encephalitis; the others are 'just plain, hungry ole mosquitoes.' Big artillery has really been moved into the front line of the battle. Aircarft, tractors, bulldozers, trucks, and cars are used to carry the fight to the mosquito. If the breeding areas can be destroyed, half the battle will be won, say health authorities. The various health departments are using every weapon in their command to curb the mosquito population, in the hope that they will have the pest under control before the peak of mosquito season Arrives.^Disease, Mosquitoes^article^:
^1859^Hutton, N. H.^Hutton, N.H. (1859): Engineers Report-El Paso and Fort Yuma Wagon Road. In Records of the Office of the Secretary of the Interior Relating to Wagon Roads, 1857-1881; National Archives Film Microcopies M95: Roll 3.^^Colorado River, Gila River, Trails/roads, Transportation, Yuma^other^:
^1859^Hutton, N. H.^Hutton, N.H. (1859): Report of Superintendent James B. Leach Upon the El Paso and Fort Yuma Wagon Road, Constructed Under the Direction of the Department of the Interior, 1857-1858. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (House Ex. Doc. 108-107)^^Gila River, Trails/roads, Transportation, Yuma^book^:
^1990^Iliff,Flora Gregg^Iliff,Flora Gregg (1990):People of the Blue Water: A Record of Life Among the Walapai and Havasupai Indians. 3rd ed. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 271 Pages.^^Colorado River, Havasupai, Indians, Walapai^book^:
^1924^Imperial Irrigation District^Imperial Irrigation District (1924): The Boulder Dam, All American Canal Project. The District, El Centro.^^Boulder Dam, Canals, Colorado River, Construction, Irrigation^book^:
^1968^Indian Education Center^Indian Education Center (1968): Bibliography of the Navajo Indians. Arizona State University, Tempe.^^Bibliography, Navajos^book^:
^1990^Introcaso, David M.^Introcaso, David M (1990): Bartlett Dam, Maricopa County, Arizona: Photographs, Written Historical & Descriptive Data, Reduced Copies of Drawings. National Park Service, Historic American Building Survey, San Francisco.^^Bartlett Dam, Construction, Photos/art, Verde River^book^:
^1989^Introcaso, David M.^Introcaso, David M (1989): Horse Mesa Dam, Maricopa County, Arizona: Photographs, Written Historical & Descriptive Data, Reduced Copies of Drawings. National Park Service, Historic American Building Survey, San Francisco.^^Construction, Horse Mesa Dam, Photos/art, Salt River^book^:
^1989^Introcaso, David M.^Introcaso, David M (1989): Mormon Flat Dam, Maricopa County, Arizona: Photographs, Written Historical & Descriptive Data, Reduced Copies of Drawings. National Park Service, Historic American Building Survey, San Francisco.^^Construction, Mormon Flat Dam, Photos/art, Salt River^book^:
^1988^Introcaso, David M.^Introcaso, David M (1988): Waddell Dam, Maricopa County, Arizona: Photographs, Written Historical & Descriptive Data, Reduced Copies of Drawings. National Park Service, Historic American Building Survey, San Francisco.^^Agua Fria River, Construction, Photos/art, Waddell Dam^book^:
^1986^Introcaso, David M.^Introcaso, David M (1986): Coolidge Dam, Maricopa County, Arizona: Photographs, Written Historical & Descriptive Data, Reduced Copies of Drawings. National Park Service, Historic American Building Survey, San Francisco.^^Construction, Coolidge Dam, Gila River, Photos/art^book^:
^1984^Irwin, J.;Almer, L.^Irwin, J. & L. Almer (1984): Significant Wildlife Habitat Along Skunk Creek, New, and Agua Fria Rivers, Maricopa County, Arizona. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Water Resources Branch, Los Angeles.^^Agua Fria River, Habitat, Maricopa County, New River, Skunk Creek, Wildlife^book^:
^1970^Irwin-Williams, C.;Haynes, C. V.^Irwin-Williams, C. & C.V. Haynes (1970): Climatic Change and Early Population Dynamics in the Southwestern United States. Quaternary Research 1, 59-71.^^Climate, Population^article^:
^1861^Ives, Joseph C.^Ives, Joseph C. (1861): Report Upon the Colorado River of the West Explored in 1857 and 1858 by Lieutenant Joseph C. Ives, Corps of Topographical Engineers, Under the Direction of the Office of Explorations and Surveys, A.A. Humphreys, Captain Topographical Engineers, in charge. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (30th Congress, 1st Session, House and Senate Executive Document No. 90)^"5 parts in 1 vol., each part separately paginated: Pt. 1, General Report, 131 pp.; Pt. 2, Hydrographic report, 14 pp.; Pt. 3, Geological report, by J. S. Newberry, 154 pp.; Pt. 4, Botany, by "Professors Gray, Torrey, Thurber, and Dr. Engelmann, " 30 pp.; Pt. 5, Zoology, by S. F. Baird, 31 pp.; App. A, Remarks upon the astronomical observations, pp. 3-4, Remarks upon the barometric observations, pp. 4-5; App. B, List of camps, with distances, latitudes and longitudes, altitudes, etc., pp. 6-8; App. C, Barometric and meteorological observations, pp. 9-31; App. D, Remarks upon the construction of the maps, p. 33; Map No. 1, Rio Colorado of the West, drawn by Frhr. F. W. v. Egloffstein, scal 1:760, 320, shaded relief (from mouth of Colorado Rio to head of navigation); Map No. 2, Rio Colorado of the West, drawn by Frhr. F. W. v. Egloffstein, scale 1:760, 320, shaded relief (from head of navigation to Fort Defiance)."^Colorado River, Exploration, Little Colorado River, Maps, Surveys^book^:
^1989^Jackowitch, Douglas G.^Jackowitch, Douglas G. (1989): Image Analysis Aids the World's Most Endangered Fish. Advanced Imaging 4(2), 24, 26, 36.^^Colorado River, Endangered Species, Fish, Native Species^article^:
^1875^Jackson, W. T.^Jackson, W.T. (1875): Descriptive Catalogue of the Photographs of the U.S.G.S. of the Territories From the Years 1869 to 1875 Inclusive. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Bibliography, Photos/art^book^:
^1988^Jackson, W.;Summers, P.^Jackson, W. & P. Summers (1988): Assessment of Water Resource Conditions in Support of Instream Flow Rights, Bill Williams River, Arizona. U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Phoenix.^^Bill Williams River, Refuges/preserves, Streamflow, Water Supply^book^:
^1987^Jackson, William;Martinez, Tony;Cuplin, Paul;Minckley, W. L.;Shelby, Bo;Summers, Paul;McGlothlin, Dan;Van Haveren, Bruce^Jackson, William, Tony Martinez, Paul Cuplin, W.L. Minckley, Bo Shelby, Paul Summers, Dan McGlothlin & Bruce Van Haveren (1987): Assessment of Water Conditions and Management Opportunities in Support of Riparian Values: BLM San Pedro River Properties, Arizona; Project Completion Report. Bureau of Land Management, Denver. 180 Pages.^^San Pedro River, Vegetation, Water Quality, Water Supply, Wildlife^book^:
^1952^Jackson,W. Turrentine^Jackson,W. Turrentine (1952):Wagon Roads West: A Study of Federal Road Surveys and Construction in the Trans-Mississippi West...1846-1869. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.^^Colorado River, Surveys, Transportation^book^:
^1983^Jacobs, B. F.^Jacobs, B.F. (1983): Past Vegetation and Climate of the Mogollon Rim Area. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Climate, Mogollon Rim, Paleobotany, Vegetation Change^other^:
^1991^Jacobs,Lynn^Jacobs,Lynn (1991):Waste of the West: Public Lands Ranching. Personally Published by the Author, Tucson, Arizona. 602 Pages.^^Cattle, Grazing^book^:
^1979^Jamail, Milton H.;Ullery, Scott J.^Jamail, Milton H. & Scott J. Ullery (1979): International Water Use Relations Along the Sonoran Desert Borderlands. (Arid Lands Resource Information Paper, No. 14.) Office of Arid Lands Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson.^"Like the New River, the San Pedro River is plagued by a pollution problem which originates in Mexico, enters the United States, and adversely affects the citizens of both countries. Since at least 1977, the Compañ_a Minera de Cananea copper mine in Cananea, Sonora, has been the source of heavy metal contamination of the river. Runoff from unusually heavy rainfall has periodically overtaxed the capacity of large tailings ponds and seriously deteriorated the large earthen dams which contain the ponds. Seepage and overflow carrying copper, iron, managanese, and zinc have reached a wash flowing into the nearby San Pedro and contaminated waters flowing into the United States."^Mining, San Pedro River, U.s.-mexico Border, Water Quality, Water Supply^book^:
^1911^James, G. W.^James, G.W. (1911): The Wonders of the Colorado Desert. Little, Brown, and Company, Boston.^^Colorado River, Exploration, Salton Sea^book^:
^1990^James, Steven R.^James, Steven R. (1990): Monitoring Archaeofaunal Changes During the Transition to Agriculture in the American Southwest. The Kiva 56(1), 25-43.^"A model for evaluating prehistoric subsistence stress and species diversity using data from faunal assemblages is developed in order to examine the transition from hunter-gatherer adaptations to agriculture in the Southwest. Most archaeofaunas from this transitional period are found to be inadequately analyzed with the exception of Ventana Cave, which follows some predictions of the model. Comparisons are made between these data and later archaeofaunas produced by Great Basin hunter-gatherers and Hohokam Agriculturalists."^Agriculture, Archaeology, Environmental Change, Hohokam, Human Impact, Paleobotany, Paleontology^article^:
^1964^Jensen, Joseph^Jensen, Joseph (1964): Southern California's Water: Past, Present and Future. manuscript, ASU Library.^^Colorado River, Water Supply^other^:
^1979^Johnson, C.;Scott, S.;Miller, D.^Johnson, C., S. Scott & D. Miller (1979): Depositional History of the Colorado River. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 11, 451.^^Colorado River, Geomorphology, Sedimentation^article^:
^1956^Johnson, P. W.;White, N. D.^Johnson, P.W. & N.D. White (1956): Pumpage and Ground-Water Levels in Arizona in 1955. (Water Resources Report, No. 1.) Arizona State Land Department, Phoenix.^^Groundwater, Water Loss^book^:
^1972^Johnson, R. Roy^Johnson, R.Roy (1972): The Effects of "Civilization" on the Avifauna of the Salt River Valley. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science, Proceedings Supplement 19.^^Birds, Human Impact, Maricopa County, Salt River, Urbanization^article^:
^1977^Johnson, R. Roy;Carothers, Steven W.;Dolan, Robert;Hayden, Bruce P.;Howard, Alan^Johnson, R.Roy, Steven W. Carothers, Robert Dolan, Bruce P. Hayden & Alan Howard (1977): Man's Impact on the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon. National Parks and Conservation Magazine 51(March), 12-16.^^Colorado River, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon, Human Impact, Recreation^article^:
^1985^Johnson, R. Roy;Haight, Lois T.^Johnson, R.Roy & Lois T. Haight (1985): Avian Use of Xeroriparian Ecosystems in the North American Warm Deserts. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 156-159. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^Results of xeroriparian avian censuses are compared with paired desert upland censuses for various subdivisions of the Sonoran Desert. With few exceptions xeroriparian habitat supports 5 to 10 times the population densities and species diversity of surrounding desert Uplands.^Birds, Ephemeral Streams, Riparian Areas, Xeroriparian^chapter^:
^1977^Johnson, R. Roy;Haight, Lois T.;Simpson, James M.^Johnson, R.Roy, Lois T. Haight & James M. Simpson (1977): Endangered Species vs. Endangered Habitats: A Concept. In: The Importance, Preservation and Management of the Riparian Habitat. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy & Dale A. Jones) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, GTR-RM43.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, 68-79. (Proceedings of the Symposium)^"Although the great diversity within riparian ecosystems was recognized earlier, their extreme productivity was not discovered until this decade. The highest densities of nesting birds for North America have been reported from Southwest cottonwood riparian forests. Complete loss of riverine habitat in the Southwest lowlands could result in extirpation of 47 percent of the 166 species pf birds which nest in this Region."^Birds, Cottonwood-willow Forests, Endangered Species, Habitat, Human Impact, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1973^Johnson, R. Roy;Simpson, J. M.^Johnson, R.Roy & J.M. Simpson (1973): The Status of the Bald Eagle on the Verde River. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science, Proceedings Supplement 21, 22.^^Birds, Endangered Species, Verde River^article^:
^1977^Johnson, Rich^Johnson, Rich (1977): The Central Arizona Project 1918-1968. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 242 Pages.^^Central Arizona Project, Colorado River, Construction, Water Supply^book^:
^1978^Johnson, Robert R.^Johnson, Robert R. (1978): The Lower Colorado River: A Western System. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Strategies for Protection and Management of Floodplain Wetlands and Other Riparian Ecosystems. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy & J.F. McCormick) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, WO-12.) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 41-55.^A historic look at the Colorado River illustrates the drastic effects of human activity on most western Rivers.^Anthology/proceedings, Colorado River, Ecosystems, Human Impact, Precipitation, Riparian Areas, Rivers, Wetlands^chapter^:
^1985^Johnson, Robert R.;Ziebell, Charles D.;Patton, David R.;Ffolliott, Peter F.;Hamre, Robert H.^Johnson, Robert R., Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre (Eds.) (1985): Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado. (Proceedings of the Symposium)^"These proceedings contain 105 papers and 12 poster presentations on riparian ecosystems in the southwestern United States and elsewhere in the World."^Ecosystems, Land Use, Riparian Areas^book^:
^1979^Johnson, T. N.;Elson, J. W.^Johnson, T.N. & J.W. Elson (1979): 60 Years of Change on a Central Arizona Grassland-Juniper Woodland Ecotone. (USDA Science Education Administration, ARM-W-7.) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 28 Pages.^^Grasslands, Uplands, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1990^Johnston, Carol A.;Naiman, Robert J.^Johnston, Carol A. & Robert J. Naiman (1990): Browse Selection by Beaver: Effects on Riparian Forest Composition. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20(7, July), 1036-1043.^^Beaver, Habitat, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1990^Johnston, Carol A.;Naiman, Robert J.^Johnston, Carol A. & Robert J. Naiman (1990): Aquatic Patch Creation in Relation to Beaver Population Trends. Ecology 71(4), 1617-1621.^^Beaver, Habitat, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1931^Jones, N. V.^Jones, N.V. (1931): The Journal of Nathaniel V. Jones, with the Mormon Battalion. Utah Historical Quarterly 4, 3-24.^^Anglos, Journals, Military, Mormons, San Pedro River, Trails/roads^article^:
^1979^Jones, O. L.^Jones, O.L. (1979): Los Paisanos: Spanish Settlers on the Northern Frontier of New Spain. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Exploration, History, Missions, Settlement, Spanish^book^:
^1977^Jones, William R.^Jones, William R. (Ed.) (1977): Across Arizona in 1883. OUTBOOKS, Olympic Valley, California.^What was a trip across southern Arizona like in 1883? Here is an eyewitness account - by train, stage, horse, and foot - with looks at Yuma, Tucson, and Tombstone. The Indians are described, the wild element at Tombstone is reported, and the mission church of San Xavier del Bac depicted. It was a time of cowboys, City Marshall Wyatt Earp and gambler 'Doc' Holliday, and Apaches - the wild frontier days of Arizona long before it became a state. The material comes from Harper's Monthly, a national magazine of that early day, and most of the illustrations accompanied the original article. Unfortunately, we cannot credit the author; he was not identified. A few illustrations have been added from Adventures in the Apace Country (1869). Read this little booklet for a nostalgic look into the past, from the perspective of one who was There.^Anglos, Colorado River, Indians, San Pedro River, San Xavier, Santa Cruz County, Travel, Tucson, Yuma^book^:
^1970^Jordan, Gilbert L.;Maynard, Michael L.^Jordan, Gilbert L. & Michael L. Maynard (1970): The San Simon Watershed: Historical Review. Progressive Agriculture in Arizona 22, 10-13.^The San Simon Valley located in Southeastern Arizona extends from the Arizona-New Mexico border northwest to Solomon, Arizona. Here, the San Simon traversing this valley enters into the Gila River. This valley, about 65 miles long and 25 miles wide, covers about one million acres of semi-arid rangelands and watersheds. It varies in elevation from 3000 to 4000 feet and the average annual rainfall is about 9.5 Inches.^Description, Gila River, History, San Simon Creek^article^:
^1993^Jordan,Terry G.^Jordan,Terry G. (1993):North American Cattle-Ranching Frontiers: Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 439 pages.^"Although the era of open-range cattle ranching on the Great Plains lasted only briefly, from the end of the Civil War through the mid-1880s, that moment in time has bred a stunning number of memoirs, scholarly studies, and fictional accounts. Over and over again, via cinema, story, and song, Americans and aficionados of American culture around the world have taken imaginary journeys on long, heroic cattle drives, pushing doggies north from Texas over dusty, dangerous, unfenced trails to boisterous towns along the railhead in Kansas. At the same time, scholars have studied the catle business - from its financing to its symbolism, from its Iberian origins to individual ranches, ranchers, and ranching techniques. Now, in his original and erudite North American Cattle-Ranching Frontiers, Terry Jordan has recast this highly familiar and much-studies subject. He has done so, in part, by leaving the North American West behind, crossing the Atlantic, and seeking the origins of western ranching in Europe and Africa."^Cattle, Ranching^book^:
^1977^Jorde, L. B.^Jorde, L.B. (1977): Precipitation Cycles and Cultural Buffering in the Prehistoric Southwest. In: For Theory Building in Archeology: Essays on Faunal Remains, Aquatic Resources, Spatial Analysis, and Systemic Modelling. (Ed: Binford, Lewis Roberts) Academic Press, New York, 385-396.^^Climate, Environmental Change, Indians, Precipitation^chapter^:
^1971^Judd, B. Ira;Laughlin, James M.;Guenther, Herbert R.;Handegarde, Royal^Judd, B.Ira, James M. Laughlin, Herbert R. Guenther & Royal Handegarde (1971): The Lethal Decline of Mesquite on the Casa Grande National Monument. Great Basin Naturalist 31(3, September), 153-159.^"A visitor's impression of the Casa Grande National Monument is one of taking a trip back through time to the late 14th century when the Great House was occupied by hardy Pueblo people. From a 20th-century veiwpoint, a visitor can identify with the hardships endured by these farming people in this harsh environment. As one begins to view this environment he sees a typical desert area encircled by irrigated agricultural land. Yet, someting is strikingly different. The area is littered with large deformed stumps of dead mesquite trees. It is commonly asserted that these trees died in the early 1940s because the water table dropped due to increased irrigational demands. But no one truly knows just what caused the death of these Trees."^Casa Grande, Gila River, Irrigation, Mesquite Trees, Species Decline, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1976^Karpiscak, Martin M.^Karpiscak, Martin M. (1976): Vegetational Changes Along the Colorado River. In: An Ecological Survey of the Riparian Zone of the Colorado River Between Lees Ferry and the Grand Wash Cliffs, Arizona: Final Research Report. (Eds: Carothers, Steven W. & Stewart W. Aitchison) (Colorado River Research Program Technical Report, No. 10.) U.S. National Park Service, Washington, D. C., 1-39.^^Colorado River, Ecology, Surveys, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1960^Kearney, Thomas H.;Peebles, Robert H.^Kearney, Thomas H & Robert H. Peebles (1960): Arizona Flora. University of California, Berkeley. 1085 Pages.^^Flora^book^:
^1978^Keith, Susan J.^Keith, Susan J. (1978): Ephemeral Flow and Water Quality Problems: A Case Study of the San Pedro River in Southeastern Arizona. In: Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest. Vol. 8. Arizona Section-American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section-Arizona Academy of Science, Phoenix, 97-100. (Proceedings of the 1978 Meetings)^^Ephemeral Streams, San Pedro River, Water Quality^chapter^:
^1977^Keith, Susan J.^Keith, Susan J. (1977): The Impact of Groundwater Development in Aridlands. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Groundwater, Human Impact, Water Supply^book^:
^1978^Kelly, Isabel;Officer, James E.;Haury, Emil W.^Kelly, Isabel, James E. Officer & Emil W. Haury (1978): The Hodges Ruin: A Hohokam Community in the Tucson Basin. (Series Ed: Hartmann, Gayle H.) University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Archaeology, Hohokam, Rillito, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1925^Kelly, W.^Kelly, W. (1925): The Colorado River Problem. American Society of Civil Engineers Transcripts 88, 306-437.^^Colorado River, Human Impact^article^:
^1924^Kelly, W.^Kelly, W. (1924): The Colorado River Problem. American Society of Civil Engineers Proceedings 50, 795-836.^^Colorado River, Human Impact^article^:
^1963^Kelly, W. H.^Kelly, W.H. (1963): The Papago Indians of Arizona, A Population and Economic Study. Manuscript on file at Bureau of Ethnic Resources, Anthropology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Economics, Population, Tohono O'odham^other^:
^1974^Kelsey, L.^Kelsey, L. (1974): Cartographic Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians. U.S. National Archives.^^Bibliography, Indians, Maps^other^:
^1917^Kennan, G.^Kennan, G. (1917): The Salton Sea: An Account of Harriman's Fight with the Colorado River. Macmillan, New York.^^Colorado River, Railroads, Salton Sea^book^:
^1856^Kennerly,C. B. R.^Kennerly,C. B. R. (1856):Report on the Zoology of the [Whipple] Expedition. In: Reports of Explorations and Surveys. Vol. 4. (Ed: House Ex. Doc. No. 91) A.O.P Nicholson, Washington, D.C., 5-17.^^Exploration, History, Santa Cruz River, Surveys, Wildlife^chapter^:
^1983^Kepner, W. G.;Jakle, M. D.;Baucom, F. M.^Kepner, W.G., M.D. Jakle & F.M. Baucom (1983): Middle Gila River Aquatic Study, Pinal County, Arizona. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Arizona Projects Office, Phoenix.^^Aquatic Biota, Ecology, Gila River, Pinal County^book^:
^1996^Kerpez, Theodore A.;Smith, Norman S.^Kerpez, Theodore A. & Norman S. Smith (No date): Saltcedar Control for Wildlife Habitat Improvement in the Southwestern United States. (Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication, No. 169.) University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.^^Habitat, Restoration, Saltcedar, Vegetation Removal, Wildlife^book^:
^1971^Kessel, J. L.^Kessel, J.L. (1971): Campaigning on the Upper Gila, 1756. New Mexico Historical Review 46, 137.^^Anglos, Gila River, Military^article^:
^1976^Kessel, John L.^Kessel, John L. (1976): Friars, Soldiers, and Reformers, Hispanic Arizona and the Sonora Mission Frontier, 1767-86. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Exploration, History, Military, Missions, Settlement, Spanish^book^:
^1970^Kessell, John L.^Kessell, John L. (1970): Mission of Sorrows: Jesuit Guevavi and the Pimas 1691-1767. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Missions, Pima Indians, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1966^Kessell, John L.^Kessell, John L. (1966): The Puzzling Presidio: San Phelipe de Guevavi, Alia Terenate. New Mexico Historical Review 41, 21-46.^^Missions, San Pedro River, Spanish^article^:
^1979^Khera, Sigrid^Khera, Sigrid (1979): The Yavapai of Fort McDowell: an Outline of their History and Culture. Fort McDowell Mohave-Apache Indian Community, Fountain Hills. 70 Pages.^^Apaches, Culture, Fort Mcdowell, History, Verde River^book^:
^1978^Khera, Sigrid^Khera, Sigrid (1978): The Yavapai of Fort McDowell: An Outline of Their History and Culture. Arizona State University, Tempe.^^Ethnology, Fort Mcdowell, Verde River, Yavapai Tribe^book^:
^1976^Kidd, David E.;Potter, Loren D.^Kidd, David E. & Loren D. Potter (1976): The Concentrations of 10 Heavy Metals in some Selected Lake Powell Game Fishes. University of California Press, Los Angeles. 72 Pages.^^Fish, Lake Powell, Water Quality^book^:
^1958^Kinnaird, Lawrence^Kinnaird, Lawrence (1958): The Frontiers of New Spain: Nicolas De LaFora's Description, 1766-1768. The Quivira Society, Berkeley.^The delimitation of New Spain's northern frontier in 1772 was a momentous event in North American history. It was an official recognition of a fact that had been well known for many years. From the Gulf of California to the Gulf of Mexico the Spanish conquest had ceased. The Apache tribes, whose habitat extended from the valley of the Gila to the borders of Louisiana, had halted the northward Spanish advance and in many places had pushed back the frontier line of Settlement.^Apaches, Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Missions, Spanish^book^:
^1919^Kino, S. J., Father Eusebio Francisco.^Kino, S.J., Father Eusebio Francisco. (1919): Kino's Historical Memoir of Pimeria Alta. (Series Ed: Bolton, PhD., Herbert Eugene.) The Arthur H. Clark Company, Cleveland. (A Contemporary Account of the Beginnings of California, Sonora, and Arizona, by Father Eusebio Francisco Kino, S.J., Pioneer Missionary, Explorer, Cartographer, and Ranchman, 1683-1711)^^Description, Exploration, Indians, Maps, Mexico, Missions, Spanish^book^:
^1928^Kinsey, D. J.^Kinsey, D.J. (1928): The River of Destiny: The Story of the Colorado River. Department of Water and Power, Los Angeles. 63 Pages.^^Agriculture, Canals, Colorado River, Dams, Electricity, Environmental Change, Human Impact^book^:
^1989^Kinsland, Gary L.^Kinsland, Gary L. (1989): Proposed Ancient Colorado River Channel, Sonora, Mexico. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 21(5), 101-102.^^Colorado River, Geology, Geomorphology, Mexico^article^:
^1986^Klett, Mark;University of Arizona Foundation;Arizona Commission on the Arts^Klett, Mark, University of Arizona Foundation & Arizona Commission on the Arts (1986): Central Arizona Project Photo Survey. Center for Creative Photography, Tucson. 48 Pages.^^Central Arizona Project, Construction, Photos/art^book^:
^1979^Klopatek, J. M. et al.^Klopatek, J.M. et al. (1979): Land-Use Conflicts With Natural Vegetation in the United States. Environmental Conservation 6, 191-199.^^Human Impact, Land Use, Native Species^article^:
^1938^Knechtel, Maxwell M.^Knechtel, Maxwell M. (1938): Geology and Ground-Water Resources of the Valley of Gila River and San Simon Creek, Graham County, Arizona. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 231 pages. (United States Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 796-F)^The valley fromed by the Gila River and San Simon Creek, in Graham County, Ariz., is an intermontane trough 10 to 20 miles wide that extends from the San Carlos Indian Reservation many miles southeastward... The Gila River, a perennial stream, enters the trough northeast of Solomonsville through a gorge in the Peloncillo Mountains and flows northwestward to Coolidge Dam, where it turns southwest and leaves the relatively broad valley through a gorge in the Mescal Mountains. San Simon Creek, an intermittent stream, rises at the head of the trough and flows northwestward to join the Gila near Solomonsville.^Geology, Gila River, Graham County, Groundwater, San Simon Creek, Water Supply^book^:
^1932^Kniffen, Fred B.^Kniffen, Fred B. (1932): The Natural Landscape of the Colorado Delta. University of California, Publications in Geography, Lower California Studies, IV 5, 149-244.^^Colorado River Delta, Description^article^:
^1931^Kniffen, Fred B.^Kniffen, Fred B. (1931): The Primitive Cultural Landscape of the Colorado Delta. University of California, Publications in Geography, Lower California Studies, III 5(2), 43-66.^^Colorado River Delta, Ethnoecology, Indians^article^:
^1982^Knipe, O. D.^Knipe, O.D. (1982): Use of Angora Goats in Converting Arizona Chaparral to Grassland. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Goat Production and Disease. Dairy Goat Journal Publishing Company, Scottsdale, Arizona.^^Anthology/proceedings, Goats, Grasslands, Grazing, Restoration, Shrubs, Uplands, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1985^Knopf, Fritz L.^Knopf, Fritz L. (1985): Significance of Riparian Vegetation to Breeding Birds Across an Altitudinal Cline. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 105-109. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^^Birds, Habitat, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1984^Knopf, Fritz L.;Olson, Thomas E.^Knopf, Fritz L. & Thomas E. Olson (1984): Naturalization of Russian-Olive: Implications to Rocky Mountain Wildlife. Wildlife Society Bulletin 12(3), 289-298.^"Naturalization and spreading of exotic woody vegetation in riparian zones have received much attention in recent years. This attention has been directed primarily at salt-cedar tamarisk in southwestern states. Tamarisk along the lower Colorado River does not compare favorably with native woody vegetation as avian habitats and, without control, will competitively displace native riparian vegetation with time."^Habitat, Russian Olive, Wildlife^article^:
^1990^Kosowatz, John J.^Kosowatz, John J. (1990): Flows from Glen Canyon Dam Put Grand Canyon at Risk. ENR 224(May 3), 5.^^Colorado River, Geomorphology, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon, Human Impact^article^:
^1990^Krammes, J. S.^Krammes, J.S. (Ed.) (1990): Effects of Fire Management on Southwestern Natural Resources. (Proceedings of the Symposium) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-191.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO. 293 Pages.^^Anthology/proceedings, Fire, Geomorphology, Grasslands^book^:
^1985^Krausman, Paul R.;Rautenstrauch, Kurt R.;Leopold, Bruce D.^Krausman, Paul R., Kurt R. Rautenstrauch & Bruce D. Leopold (1985): Xeroriparian Systems Used by Desert Mule Deer in Texas and Arizona. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.R., Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 144-149. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^"We examined desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) occurrance in xeroriparian systems in Arizona and Texas. Most deer in Arizona were located in washes. Most deer in Texas were located between washes. Xeroriparian areas are important habitat components for desert mule when they provide forage, thermal cover and travel Lanes."^Ephemeral Streams, Habitat, Mammals, Xeroriparian^chapter^:
^1953^Kroeber, Al^Kroeber, Al (1953): The Chemehuevi. California Book Company, Berkeley. 600 Pages.^^Chemehuevi Indians, Colorado River, Ethnology, History^book^:
^1964^Kroeber, C. B.^Kroeber, C.B. (1964): The Route of James O. Pattie on the Colorado in 1826: A Reappraisal. Arizona and the West 6, 119.^^Anglos, Beaver, Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Salt River^article^:
^1992^Kroeber, Clifton B.;Fontana, Bernard L.^Kroeber, Clifton B. & Bernard L. Fontana (1992): Massacre on the Gila. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 230 Pages.^^Agriculture, Cocopah, Colorado River, Gila River, Maricopa Indians, Military, Mohave Indians, Pima Indians^book^:
^1985^Krueger, H. O.;Anderson, S. H.^Krueger, H.O. & S.H. Anderson (1985): The Use of Cattle as a Management Tool for Wildlife in Shrub-Willow Riparian Systems. In: Riparian Eco-systems and Their Management: Reconciling Con-flicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^Cattle can have a beneficial effect on wildlife in high elevation riparian systems by creating tunnels throughout the habitat. These tunnels frequently serve as escape Routes.^Anthology/proceedings, Cattle, Riparian Areas, Shrubs, Wildlife^chapter^:
^1989^Krutch,Joseph Wood^Krutch,Joseph Wood (1989):Grand Canyon: Today and All Its Yesterdays. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 276 Pages.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Little Colorado River^book^:
^1964^Kuchler, A. W.^Kuchler, A.W. (1964): Potential Natural Vegetation of the Coterminous United States. American Geographical Society Special Publications No. 36, 116 Pages.^^Native Species, Plant Geography^other^:
^1994^Kulakowski, Lois;Tellman, Barbara^Kulakowski, Lois & Barbara Tellman (1994): Instream Flow Rights: A Strategy to Protect Arizona's Streams. Water Resources Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson. 27 Pages.^^Streamflow, Water Law^book^:
^1987^Kunzman, Michael R.;Johnson, R. Roy;Bennett, Peter S.^Kunzman, Michael R., R. Roy Johnson & Peter S. Bennett (Eds.) (1987): Tamarisk Control in Southwestern United States. (Proceedings of the Conference) (Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit Special Report, No. 9.).^"These proceedings contain the results of a saltcedar conference that was organized by the Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit/University of Arizona (CPSU/UA), and held at the Western Archeological and Conservation center in Tucson, Ariozna, on September 2 and 3, 1987. This conference was the third of three planning meetings held in Tucson, to discuss research management efforts with this important Plant."^Anthology/proceedings, Saltcedar, Vegetation Removal^book^:
^1995^Kupel, Douglas E.^Kupel, Douglas E. (1995): Patagonia: Jewel of the Sonoita Valley. Journal of Arizona History 36(1, Spring), 55-82.^Most people are familiar with the company town, but Patagonia was something different. It was the one-man town of Rollin Rice Richardson until his death in 1923, and even then his influence continued. Founded as Rollin in 1896, Patagonia was the commercial center of an important mining district in southern Arizona's Santa Cruz County. Second only to mining, ranching and the cattle industry provided a mainstay through boom-and-bust cycles. While mining and ranching fueled the economic engines of Patagonia, the town might not have existed without the railroad. A fourth enterprise - tourism - arrived in the 1920s and laid the foundation for the town's continued vitality after mining, ranching, and railroading had declined. Taken together, the history of Patagonia and its Hispanic and Anglo residents exemplifies the precarious nature of economic growth in twentieth-century Arizona.^Cattle, Mining, Patagonia, Ranching, Sonoita Creek^article^:
^1986^Kupel, Douglas Edward^Kupel, Douglas Edward (1986): Diversity Through Adversity: Tucson Basin Water Control Since 1854. (Microfiche: Ann Arbor, Michigan, University Microfilms International) University of Arizona, Tucson. (M.a.thesis)^^Water Management^book^:
^1962^Ladd, Richard S.^Ladd, Richard S. (1962): Maps Showing Explorers' Routes, Trails and Early Roads in the United States. Library of Congress, Map Division, Washington, D. C. 137 Pages.^^Anthology/proceedings, Exploration, Maps, Trails/roads^book^:
^1966^LaMarche, V. C.^LaMarche, V.C. (1966): An 800-Year History of Stream Erosion as Indicated by Botanical Evidence. In: Geological Survey Research, 1966. (United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, No. 550-D.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., D83-d86.^^Channel Change, Erosion, Paleobotany^chapter^:
^1992^Laney, R. L.^Laney, R.L. (1992): Geohydrological Reconnaissance of Lake Mead National Recreation Area: Virgin River, Nevada to Grand Cliffs, Arizona. Water Resources Report 91-4185 ed. U.S. Geological Survey. 29 Pages.^^Geohydrology, Lake Mead, Refuges/preserves, Surveys, Virgin River^book^:
^1975^Lange, Charles H.;Riley, Carroll L.;Lange, Elizabeth^Lange, Charles H., Carroll L. Riley & Elizabeth Lange (1975): The Southwestern Journals of Adolph Bandelier, 1885-1888. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.^^Anglos, Archaeology, Exploration, Journals^book^:
^1987^Larkin, G. J.^Larkin, G.J. (1987): Factors Influencing Distribution and Regeneration of Riparian Species Along Mountain Streams in Central Arizona. Arizona State University, Tempe. (MS Thesis)^^Mountains, Riparian Areas, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1925^LaRue, E. C.^LaRue, E.C. (1925): Water Power and Flood Control of Colorado River Below Green River, Utah. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (U.S.^The purpose of this report is to present the facts regarding available water supply and all known dam sites on Colorado River between Cataract, Utah, and Parker, Arizona, and to show the relative value of these dam sites. To determine the relative value of the dam sites a comprehensive plan of development for Colorado River below the mouth of Green River is presented that will provide for the maximum practicable utilization of the potential power, maximum preservation of water for irrigation, effective elimination of the flood menace, and adequate solution of the silt problem. This plan, which is preliminary and is offered by the writer to show the basis for his conclusions relative to flood control, irrigation, power development, and silt storage, contemplates the construction of 13 dams making available 3, 383 feet of head for the development of power and a maximum of 42, 000, 000 acre-feet of storage capacity for the control of floods, equalization of flow, and storage of Silt.^Colorado River, Dams, Electricity, Floods, Sedimentation^book^:
^1918^LaRue, E. C.^LaRue, E.C. (1918): The Live Stock Industry and Grazing Conditions in Arizona. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Cattle, Grazing^book^:
^1975^Las Se¤oras de Socorro^Las Se¤oras de Socorro (1975): The Right Side Up Town On the Upside Down River. Maricopa County Historical Society, Wickenburg, Arizona.^^Hassayampa River, Indians, Mining, Ranching, Wickenburg^book^:
^1858^Leach, J. B.^Leach, J.B. (1858): Itinerary of the El Paso and Fort Yuma Wagon Road Expedition. National Archives film microcopies, no. 95, roll 3.^"The records contain many comments on streams in southern Arizona in September 1858. Comments include: no flow in reaches of the lower San Pedro River; and no flow at the mouth of Araivapa Creek. The lower Gila River also is carefully Described."^Aravaipa Creek, Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, San Pedro River, Trails/roads, Yuma^other^:
^1987^Leake,Harvey; Topping,Gary^Leake,Harvey; Topping,Gary (1987):The Bernheimer Explorations in Forbidding Canyon. Utah Historical Quarterly 55(2, Fall), 137-166.^^Boats, Colorado River, Glen Canyon^article^:
^1955^Lee, John D.;Cleland, Robert Glass;Brooks, Juanita^Lee, John D., Robert Glass Cleland & Juanita Brooks (1955): A Mormon Chronicle: The Diaries of John D. Lee, 1848-1876. Vol. 2. The Huntington Library, San Marino, California.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Exploration, Lee's Ferry^book^:
^1962^Lee, W.;Lee, J.^Lee, W. & J. Lee (1962): Torrent in the Desert. Northland Press, Flagstaff.^^Colorado River, Description, Human Impact^book^:
^1906^Lee, Willis T.^Lee, Willis T. (1906): Geology of the Lower Colorado River. Geological Society of America Bulletin 17, 275-284.^^Colorado River, Geology^article^:
^1905^Lee, Willis T.^Lee, Willis T. (1905): Notes on the Underground Water of the San Pedro Valley, Arizona. In: Third Annual Report of the Reclamation Service, 1903-1904. 2nd ed. U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C., 157-165. (58th Congress, 3rd Session, HouseDocument No.^^Groundwater, San Pedro River^chapter^:
^1904^Lee, Willis T.^Lee, Willis T. (1904): The Underground Waters of Gila Valley, Arizona. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Gila River, Groundwater^book^:
^1904^Leiberg, John B.;Rixon, Theodore F.;Dodwell, Arthur^Leiberg, John B., Theodore F. Rixon & Arthur Dodwell (1904): Forest Conditions in the San Francisco Mountains Forest Reserve, Arizona. (United States Geological Survey Professional paper, No. 22.) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 95 pages.^"Destruction of the Forest", pages 24-30: "The chief agencies through which the forests in the reserve are being destroyed are cutting, grazing, and Fire."^Fire, Grazing, Human Impact, Logging, San Francisco Mountains^book^:
^1924^Leopold, Aldo^Leopold, Aldo (1924): Grass, Brush, and Timber Fire in Southern Arizona. Journal of Forestry 22, 1-10.^A historical view of the ecosystems of southern Arizona and their relative importance is Presented.^Fire, Grasses, Shrubs, Timber^article^:
^1923^Leopold, Aldo^Leopold, Aldo (1923): Wild Followers of the Forests: The Effect of Forest Fires on Game and Fish - The Relation of Forests to Game Conservation. American Forests 29, 515-520.^^Fire, Wildlife^article^:
^1921^Leopold, Aldo^Leopold, Aldo (1921): A Plea for Recognition of Artificial Works in Forest Erosion and Control Policy. Journal of Forestry 19, 267-273.^^Erosion, Forests/woodlands, Restoration^article^:
^1969^Leopold, Luna B.^Leopold, Luna. (1969): The Rapids and the Pools - Grand Canyon. In: The Colorado River Region and John Wesley Powell. (Geological Survey Pro-fessional Paper, 669.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., 131-145.^Through the Grand Canyon the Colorado drops in elevation about 2, 200 feet in 280 miles; most of this drop occurs in rapids that account for only 10 percent of the distance. Despite the importance of rapids, there are no waterfalls. Depth measurements made at 1/10-mile intervals show that the bed profile is highly irregular, but the apparent randomness masks organized alternation of deeps and shallows. Measurement of the age of lava flow that once blocked the canyon near Toroweap shows that no appreciable deepening of the canyon has taken place during the last million years. It is reasoned that the river has had both the time and the ability to eliminate the rapids. the long-continued existence and the relative straightness of the longitudinal profile indicate that the river maintains a state of quasi-equilibrium which provides the hydraulic requirements for carrying the debris load brought in from upstream without continued erosion of the canyon bed. The maintenance of the alternating pools and rapids seems to be a necessary part of this poised or equilibrium Condition.^Channel Change, Colorado River, Exploration, Geomorphology, Grand Canyon^chapter^:
^1951^Leopold, Luna B.^Leopold, Luna B. (1951): Vegetation of Southwestern Watersheds in the Nineteenth Century. Geographical Review 41, 295-316.^The recollections of many old-timers who tell of grass 'stirrup high' have given rise to the idea that vegetation in the Southwest was uniformly better in the middle of the last century than it is at Present.^Grasses, Native Species, Plant Geography^article^:
^1980^Levings, C. W.^Levings, C.W. (1980): Water Resources in the Sedona Area, Yavapai and Coconino Counties, Arizona. (Arizona Water Commission Bulletin, No. 11.) Arizona Water Commission, Phoenix. 37 Pages.^^Coconino County, Oak Creek, Sedona, Water Supply, Yavapai County^book^:
^1965^Lewis, Christine^Lewis, Christine (1965): The Early History of the Tempe Canal Company. Arizona and the West 7(1, Spring), 227-238.^^Canals, History, Salt River, Tempe^article^:
^1963^Lewis, D. D.^Lewis, D.D. (1963): Desert Floods - A Report on Southern Arizona Floods of September, 1962. (Water Resources Report, No. 13.) Arizona State Land Department, Phoenix.^^Floods, Gila River, Salt River, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1980^Lewis, H. T.^Lewis, H.T. (1980): Hunter-Gatherers and Problems of Fire History. Pages 115-119 of the First History Workshop Proceedings.^^Fire, Indians^other^:
^1979^Lewis, M. A.;Burraychak, R.^Lewis, M.A. & R. Burraychak (1979): Impact of Copper Mining on a Desert Intermittent Stream in Central Arizona - A Summary. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 14(1), 22-29.^^Human Impact, Mining, Water Quality^article^:
^1977^Lewis, Michael A.^Lewis, Michael A. (1977): Influence of an Open-pit Copper Mine on the Ecology of an Upper Sonoran Intermittent Stream. MS Thesis, Arizona State University, Tempe. 110 P.^^Intermittent Streams, Mining, Water Quality^other^:
^1958^Libbey, Fay W.^Libbey, Fay W. (1958): The Old Vulture Mine, Arizona. Geological News Letter 24(3, March), 15-19.^My subject has to do with a mine which figured prominently in early Arizona history, but my main excuse for selecting it for this talk is to use it as an illustration of the disastrous effects major post-mineral faulting may have on a commercial mining Operation.^Hassayampa River, Mining, Wickenburg^article^:
^1924^Library of Congress^Library of Congress (1924): List of references on the Salt River Project. Library of Congress, Washington DC. 3 Pages.^^Bibliography, Salt River, Salt River Project^book^:
^1984^Lightfoot, Kent;Most, Rachel;Fish, Susan K.;Jewett, Robert A.^Lightfoot, Kent, Rachel Most, Susan K. Fish & Robert A. Jewett (1984): The Duncan Project: a Study of the Occupation, Duration, and Settlement Pattern of an Early Mogollon Pithouse Village. Arizona State University Archaeological Field Study #6, Tempe. 145 Pages.^^Archaeology, Duncan, Gila River, Mogollon Culture^book^:
^1992^Linder, Kathleen Ann^Linder, Kathleen Ann (1992): Review of Avian Communities and Impacts of Glen Canyon Dam in the Grand Canyon. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Phoenix, Arizona. 43+ Pages.^^Birds, Colorado River, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon, Human Impact^book^:
^1978^Lingenfelter, Richard E.^Lingenfelter, Richard E. (1978): Steamboats on the Colorado River 1852-1916. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 195 Pages.^^Colorado River, Steamboats^book^:
^1973^Link, Martin^Link, Martin (1973):Ancient Cultures of the Southwest. In: Guidebook of Monument Valley and Vicinity, Arizona and Utah: New Mexico Geological Society, Twenty-fourth Field Conference, October 4-6, 1973. (Ed: James, H. L.) The Society, Socorro, New Mexico, 177-180.^^Archaeology^chapter^:
^1906^Lippincott, J. B.^Lippincott, J.B. (1906): The Yuma Irrigation Project. The Great Southwest 1(1, October), 7-10.^Major J. W. Powell, Director of the United States Geological Survey, obtained the first appropriation for national irrigation in 1888. In accordance with the provisions of the act, all public lands in the arid West were withdrawn pending investigations by engineers, and this elimination of opportunity to obtain without cost the public domain resulted in the creation of an adverse sentiment in the West which resulted in a repeal in 1892. However, investigation had demonstrated that the idea of national irrigation had intrinsic merit, and that the limiting physical condition was the available Water-supply.^Colorado River, Irrigation, Water Supply, Yuma^article^:
^1903^Lippincott, J. B.;Ahren, J.^Lippincott, J.B. & J. Ahren (1903): Reconnaissance of Colorado River Above Needles, California. In: U.S. Reclamation Service, 1st Annual Report. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 112-129. (57th Congress, House Doc. 79)^^Colorado River, Exploration, Surveys^chapter^:
^1881^Little, James A.^Little, James A. (1881):Jacob Hamblin, A Narrative of His Personal Experience, as a Frontiersman, Missionary to the Indians and Explorer, Disclosing Interpositions of Providence, Severe Privations, Perilous Situations, and Remarkable Escapes. (The Faith-Promoting Series, Fifth Book.) Juvenile Instructor Office, Salt Lake City, Utah. ("Designed for the Instruction and Encouragement of Young Latter-Day Saints")^^History, Mormons, Navajos^book^:
^1940^Lockett, H. C.^Lockett, H.C. (1940): Along the Beale Trail: A Photographic Account of Wasted Range Land Based on the Diary of Lieutenant Edward F. Beale, 1857. Printing Department, Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kansas.^Lieut. Edward Fitzgerald Beale, Indian agent and trail blazer who knew the Southwest as well as any man of his day, was commissioned by the War Department to survey a wagon road from Fort Defiance, Arizona, to the Colorado River. The Beale party, using camels for the first time in the United States as beasts of burden, left San Antonio, Texas, June 25, 1857. They drank from the waters of the Colorado River January 23, 1858. Lieut. Beale's day-by-day account of the westward trek was entered in his diary. He knew the importance to early-day travel of grass, water, wood and game, and his description of the country was so vivid that it is possible 81 years later to retrace the footsteps of Beale.^Anglos, Colorado Plateau, Exploration, Little Colorado River, Trails/roads^book^:
^1932^Lockwood, Frank C.^Lockwood, Frank C. (1932): Arizona Pioneers. Arizona Historical Review (July).^^Anglos, Biography, Settlement^article^:
^1930^Lockwood, Frank C.^Lockwood, Frank C. (1930): Early Military Posts in Arizona. Arizona Historical Review 2(4), 91-97.^In 1849, Fort Defiance, the first military post in Arizona, was established in the extreme northeastern corner of the state for the purpose of quelling and controlling the fierce and troublesome Navajo nation. All the early army posts in Arizona were well located with reference to water, grass, and wood. Almost always the climate is referred to as delightful, and the location as healthful. The buildings at the post were usually either of adobe or logs, and consisted of quarters, store-houses, hospitals, guard-house, and supply depot. At many camps there were corrals, at others work-shops, and at Camp Lowell there was a magazine of adobe, 19 by 39 feet. Six months subsistence was usually kept on hand. Camps were located, of course, with reference to operations offensive and defensive against hostile Indians. One is bewildered with the kaleidoscopic changes in these camps, posts, and forts. Today a camp is here, tomorrow it is there. Now it is called one thing and anon it is called Another.^Military^article^:
^1929^Lockwood, Frank C.^Lockwood, Frank C. (1929): American Hunters and Trappers in Arizona. Arizona Historical Review 2(2, July), 70-85.^When the territory west of the Mississippi River came into the possession of the United States in 1804 the extent and resources of the region were almost wholly unknown. The expedition of Lewis and Clark in 1804-6 revealed the sage character and vast extent of this new empire, but as yet scarcely any conception of its potential wealth and its fitness for future homes dawned upon the minds of the American people. One source of wealth, and one alone, was taken into consideration during the first third of the century, namely, the fur trade. Furtraders and trappers had gone far up the Missouri River and its tributaries even before the explorations of Lewis and Clark; and now for a generation - from about 1806 to 1843 - a chapter of American life was unfolded as romantic and stirring as anything in modern History.^Beaver, Exploration, Hunting/fishing/trapping^article^:
^1925^Lockwood, Frank C.^Lockwood, Frank C. (1925):Fragments from A Notebook By Doctor Robert H. Forbes, Sept. 2, 1911 to Oct. 1917. Unpublished transcript from Special Collections Library, University of Arizona.^^History, Santa Cruz River, Tucson^other^:
^1934^Lockwood, I. C.^Lockwood, I.C. (1934): Story of the Spanish Missions of the Middle Southwest. Fine Arts Press, Santa Ana, Ca.^^History, Missions, Spanish^book^:
^1943^Lockwood,Frank C.^Lockwood,Frank C. (1943):Life in Old Tucson 1854-1864: As Remembered by the little Maid Atanacia Santa Cruz. Tucson Civic Committee & The Ward Ritchie Press, Los Angeles. 255 Pages.^^Biography, History, Santa Cruz River, Tucson^book^:
^1975^Longstreth, D. J.;Patten, Duncan T.^Longstreth, D.J. & Duncan T. Patten (1975): Conversion of Chaparral to Grass in Central Arizona: Effects on Selected Ions in Watershed Runoff. The American Midland Naturalist 93, 25-34.^^Shrubs, Uplands, Water Quality, Watershed^article^:
^1954^Longwell, Chester R.^Longwell, Chester R. (1954): History of the Lower Colorado River and the Imperial Depression. In: Geology of Southern California. (Ed: Johns, R.H.) California Division of Mines Bulletin 170, Part 9, San Francisco, 53-56.^^Colorado River, Geology, History^chapter^:
^1962^Loomis, Noel M.^Loomis, Noel M. (1962): Early Cattle Trails in Southern Arizona. Arizoniana 3(4), 18-24.^^Anglos, Cattle, Colorado Plateau, Gila River, Grazing, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Trails/roads^article^:
^1938^Lougee, R. J.^Lougee, R.J. (1938): "The Colorado Delta, " by Godfrey Glenton Sykes, 1937. Geomorphology 1, 79-80. (Book Review)^^Colorado River Delta, Description^article^:
^1916^Love, C. M.^Love, C.M. (1916): History of the Cattle Industry in the Southwest. Southwest Historical Quarterly 19, 370-399.^^Cattle, Grazing, History^article^:
^1974^Love,Frank^Love,Frank (1974):Mining Camps and Ghost Towns: A History of Mining in Arizona and California Along the Lower Colorado. Westernlore Press, Los Angeles. 190 pages.^"Two Copper Camps", chapter 12: Planet and Swansea.^Bill Williams River, History, Mining^book^:
^1985^Lowe, Charles H.^Lowe, Charles H. (1985): Amphibians and Reptiles in Southwest Riparian Ecosystems. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.R., Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 339-341. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^Obligate riparian amphibians and reptiles in Arizona and Sonora, Mexico are discussed. Local population extinctions in Arizona are examined. Special status for obligate riparian species is Proposed.^Amphibians, Endangered Species, Reptiles, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1964^Lowe, Charles H.^Lowe, Charles H. (1964): Arizona's Natural Environment: Landscapes and Habitats. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 270 Pages.^^Habitat, Native Species, Plant Geography, Riparian Areas^book^:
^1912^Lowery, Woodbury^Lowery, Woodbury (1912): The Lowery Collection: A Descriptive List of Maps of the Spanish Possessions Within the Present Limits of the U.S. 1502-1820. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 567 Pages.^^Bibliography, Maps, Spanish^book^:
^1972^Lucchitta, Ivo^Lucchitta, Ivo (1972): Early History of the Colorado River in the Basin and Range Province. Geological Society of America Bulletin 83, 1933-1947.^^Colorado River, History^article^:
^1928^Lucero,Carmen R.^Lucero,Carmen R. (1928):Reminiscences of Mrs. Carmen R. Lucero. Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson; found in the biographical file of C. R. Lucero.^Speaks of Tucson in late 1800s, and mentions many beaver in Silver Lake^History, Santa Cruz River, Tucson^other^:
^1989^Luckingham, Bradford^Luckingham, Bradford (1989): Phoenix: the History of a Southwestern Metropolis. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 316 Pages.^^History, Phoenix^book^:
^1967^Ludwigson, J.^Ludwigson, J. (1967): Dams and the Colorado. Science News 91, 167.^^Colorado River, Dams^article^:
^1912^Lumholtz, C. S.^Lumholtz, C.S. (1912): New Trails in Mexico, An Account of One Year's Exploration in North-Western Sonora, Mexico, and Southwestern Arizona, 1909-1910. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.^^Anglos, Exploration, Journals^book^:
^1990^Lumholtz,Carl^Lumholtz,Carl (1990):New Trails in Mexcio: An Account of One Year's Exploration in North-Western Sonora, Mexico, and South-Western Arizona 1909-1910. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 411 pages.^"During the years 1909 and 1910 I was commissioned by some influential friends to look into certain economical possibilities of the arid and little known country along the upper part of the Gulf of California, east of the Colorado River. My field embraced most of the District of Altar, in the State of Sonora, Mexico, as well as the southern part of the newly admitted State of Arizona; in other words, the region which by the early Spanish chroniclers was designated as Papagueria, after the native inhabitants, the Papago Indians. Some of this country, being the least accessible part of the Sonora Desert, is singularly little known, though lying, so to speak, at the door of the great empire of Yankee enterprise. My mission gave me an opportunity for geographical and ethnological studies, and account of which is here presented in popular form. For this opportunity I am grateful to my Frineds."^Exploration, San Xavier, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1898^Lummis, Charles F.^Lummis, Charles F. (1898): Some Strange Corners of Our Country: The Wonderland of the Southwest. The Century Co., New York.^^Colorado River, Description, Indians, Sonoran Desert, Verde River^book^:
^1981^Lytle, Richard M.^Lytle, Richard M. (1981): The Development of the Salt River Watershed; From the Salt/Verde Confluence to the Upper Drainage Points: An Environmental View. Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Foundation, Tempe.^The State of Arizona has had an expansionist compulsion to put the resources and topography of the physical environment of the state into a subservient role. This exploitation of the state's physical resources by mankind has, until most recently, ignored the fact that warning signs of serious effects and consequences from this activity exist. This ignorance stems from a general lack of understanding of the delicate balances of nature that together form the conditions for human existance in such a harsh climate as Arizona Possesses.^Agriculture, Dams, Human Impact, Salt River, Verde River^other^:
^1860^Möllhausen, Baldwin; Whipple, Amiel Weeks; Humboldt, Alexander von^Möllhausen, Baldwin; Whipple, Amiel Weeks; Humboldt, Alexander von (1860):Wanderungen durch die Prairien und Wnsten des Westlichen Nordamerika [Travels through the Prairies and Deserts of Western North America]. Herman Medelssohn, Leipsig. ([Untranslated, in German])^^Bill Williams River, Colorado Plateau, Colorado River, Little Colorado River, Surveys, Vegetation, Wildlife^book^:
^1995^Mabry, Jonathan B.^Mabry, Jonathan B. (1995):The First Tucsonans: Recent Excavations at Early Village Sites in the Middle Santa Cruz Valley. Glyphs 46(5, November), 1-2.^Only a decade ago, the adoption of agriculture, the establishment of permanent villages, and the beginning of pottery use in the Southwest were all thought to have first occurred in the mountain highlands between about A.D. 200 and 500. The scenario based on a number of recent archaeological discoveries is quite Different...^Agriculture, Archaeology, Hohokam, Santa Cruz River, Tucson^article^:
^1908^MacDougal, Daniel Trembly^MacDougal, Daniel Trembly (1908): More Changes in the Colorado River. National Geographic Magazine 19, 52-54.^^Colorado River, Environmental Change, Human Impact^article^:
^1906^MacDougal, Daniel Trembly^MacDougal, Daniel Trembly (1906): The Delta of the Rio Colorado. Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden, No. 77.^^Colorado River Delta, Description^other^:
^1906^MacDougal, Daniel Trembly^MacDougal, Daniel Trembly (1906): The Delta of the Rio Colorado. American Geographical Society Bulletin 38, 1-16.^^Colorado River Delta, Description^article^:
^1986^Mack, R. N.^Mack, R.N. (1986): Alien Plant Invasion into the Intermountain West: A Case History. In: Ecology of Biological Invasions of North America and Hawaii. (Eds: Mooney, Harold A. & James A. Drake) Springer Verlag, New York, 191-209. (Ecology of Biological Invasions of North America and Hawaii; Mooney, Harold A.; Drake, James A.; New York; Springer-Verlag; 191-209)^^Exotic Species, Place Names, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1994^MacLeish, William H.^MacLeish, William H. (1994): The Day Before America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.^"History and prehistory come alive in this extraordinary account of America as it was before it got its name. William H. MacLeish paints a heart-rending portrait of the lush, miraculous New World on the eve of the Encounter -the arrival of the first Europeans, after which nothing would be the same. Drawing on the work of anthropologists, geologists, and other academic experts, MacLeish roams over 18, 000 years of the continent's history, exploring the role of cllimate and human activity in preapring the world that we have inherited." [from jacket Sleeve]^Environmental Change, History, Human Impact, Indians^book^:
^1971^MacMeekin, Daniel H.^MacMeekin, Daniel H. (1971): The Navajo Tribe's Water Rights in the Colorado River Basin. Manuscript on file at University of Arizona Law Library, Tucson; 63 pages.^The Navajo Indian Reservation is currently confronting an environmental crisis of the first magnitude. A consortium of public utilities, with the backing and participation of the United States Bureau of Reclamation, is developing a giant thermal power plant complex on and near the Navajo Reservation. This complex will provide electricity to satisfy the burgeoning demands of central Arizona and southern California, as well as supplying the power necessary to run the pumps which will divert water from the Colorado River to the mammoth Central Arizona Project. There are currently eight coal-burning power plants either planned or in operation on or near the Navajo Reservation. Already in operation are the 1, 500, 000-kilowatt Mojave plant in southern Nevada, the Cholla plant at the southern edge of the Reservation in Joseph City, Arizona, and the 2, 100, 000-kilowatt Four Corners Fruitland complex in northwestern New Mexico. Initial construction has started on the 2, 310, 000-kilowatt Navajo Generating Station, located on the Navajo Reservation near Page, Arizona. In the works are a mammoth 5, 000, 000 - 6, 000, 000-kilowatt plant planned for Kaiparowitz plateau in Utah, just across Lake Powell from Page, Arizona scheduled to go into operation in 1977; a 1, 700, 000-kilowatt generating station at Huntington Canyon near Price, Utah; a 1, 030, 000-kilowatt plant at Waterflow, New Mexico, near the Four Corners-Fruitland complex; and, just recently announced a 250, 000-kilowatt plant at Hayden, Colorado.^Colorado River, Dams, Electricity, Navajos^other^:
^1935^Madsen, M. J.^Madsen, M.J. (1935): A Biological Survey of Streams and Lakes of Tonto National Forest, Arizona. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Aquatic Biota, Biology, Ecosystems, Lakes, Surveys, Tonto National Forest^book^:
^1974^Mails, T. E.^Mails, T.E. (1974): The People Called Apache. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, Nj.^^Apaches^book^:
^1973^Malach, Roman^Malach, Roman (1973):Planet Copper Mines on the Bill Williams River. Mohave County Miner February 8, 31.^J. Ross Browne in his book, Resources of States and Territories, (1868) wrote that the Williams Fork district was the best known copper region in Arizona. The country for a number of miles on each side of Williams Fork creek was rich inscattered croppings and masses of copper Ore.^Bill Williams River, Mining^article^:
^1964^Malde, H. E.^Malde, H.E. (1964): Environment and Man in Arid America. Science 145, 123-129.^^Ethnoecology, Human Impact^article^:
^1984^Malin, J. C.^Malin, J.C. (1984): History and Ecology: Studies of the Grassland. University of Nebraska, Lincoln.^^Ecology, Grasslands, History^book^:
^1929^Malone, G. W.^Malone, G.W. (1929): Colorado River Development: The Colorado River Investigations, Water Storage and Power Development, Grand Canyon to the Imperial Valley. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Colorado River, Dams, Exploration, Grand Canyon^book^:
^1954^Manje, Captain Juan Mateo^Manje, Captain Juan Mateo (1954): Unknown Arizona and Sonora, 1693-1721. Arizona Silhouettes, Tucson, Arizona. (From the Francisco Fernandez del Castillo Version of Luz De Tierra Incognita; Karns and Associates, Harry J.)^^Exploration, Indians, Mexico, Military, Sonora, Spanish^book^:
^1976^Mann, Larry J.^Mann, Larry J. (1976):Ground-Water Resources and Water Use in Southern Navajo County Arizona. (Arizona Water Commission Bulletin, 10.) The Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Phoenix, Arizona.^The main source of water in the 3, 400-square-mile area of southern Navajo County is the ground water in storage in the Coconino aquifer, which underlies the entire area. About 76 percent of the water supply is from the Coconino aquifer, about 6 percent is from the Pinetop-Lakeside aquifer and from the alluvium along the large stream channels and flood plains, about 15 percent is from surface water, and about 3 percent is Imported.^Colorado River, Cottonwood Wash, Groundwater, Water Supply^book^:
^1983^Mann, Larry J.; Nemecek, E. A.^Mann, Larry J.; Nemecek, E. A. (1983):Geohydrology and Water Use in Southern Apache County, Arizona. (Arizona Department of Water Resources Bulleting, 1.) The Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Phoenix, Arizona. 86+ pages.^In 1975 about 30, 000 acre-feet of water - 70 percent surface water and 30 percent ground water - was used in the 4, 100-square-mile area of southern Apache County. Water use is expected to increase nearly 100 percent by the mid-1980's owing to projected demands for public, irrigation, and industrial supplies. Ground water will be used to meet the future demands because most of the surface water is allocated to local and downstream Users.^Geohydrology, Groundwater, Little Colorado River, Rio Puerco, San Francisco River, Water Supply^book^:
^1979^Manning, R. E.^Manning, R.E. (1979): Impact of Recreation on Riparian Soils and Vegetation. Water Resources Bulletin 15, 30-43.^^Human Impact, Recreation, Soil, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1859^Marcy, Randolph Barnes^Marcy, Randolph Barnes (1859):The Prairie Traveler: A Hand-book for Overland Expeditions, with Maps, Illustrations, and Itineraries of the Principal Routes Between the Mississippi and the Pacific. Harper & Brothers, New York. 340 Pages.^^Exploration, History, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1965^Marion, J. H.^Marion, J.H. (1965): Notes of Travel Through the Territory of Arizona. (Series Ed: Powell, Donald M.) University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.^Being an account of the trip made by General George Stoneman and others in the Autumn of 1870.^Anglos, Journals, Travel^book^:
^1872^Marion, J. H.^Marion, J.H. (1872): Almost Forgotten Notes. Arizona Journal-Miner (January 20).^In the following lengthy artical ... is a panoramic view of that part of Arizona which now comprises Yavapai and Maricopa counties... In this group of notes one readily sees the Territory as it was at that time, wild, primitive, dangerous -- but boasting a certain fascination which lured men and women within its borders, only too often to fall victims to death by illness or Indian Massacres.^Agua Fria River, Anglos, Hassayampa River, Maricopa County, Salt River, Verde River, Wickenburg, Yavapai County^article^:
^1931^Markley, Chester^Markley, Chester (1931): The Sonora Beaver. Grand Canyon Nature Notes 5(8, July).^^Beaver, Sonora^article^:
^1950^Marks, J. B.^Marks, J.B. (1950): Vegetation and Soil Relations in the Lower Colorado Desert. Ecology 31, 176-193.^^Soil, Vegetation^article^:
^1884^Martin, Douglas^Martin, Douglas (1884): History of the Arizona Territory. Wallace W. Williot & Co., San Francisco.^^History^book^:
^1966^Martin, Douglas D.^Martin, Douglas D. (1966): An Arizona Chronology: Statehood 1913-1936. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.^^Chronology, History^book^:
^1963^Martin, Douglas D.^Martin, Douglas D. (1963): An Arizona Chronology: The Territorial Years 1846-1912. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.^^Chronology, History^book^:
^1890^Martin, J. C.^Martin, J.C. (1890): Disastrous Flood. Arizona Journal-Miner 33(141, February 24).^Lists of the properties and peoples known or thought to have been lost. Also talks about the river and what has happened to It.^Dam Collapse, Floods, Hassayampa River, Walnut Grove Dam^article^:
^1890^Martin, J. C.^Martin, J.C. (1890): Speaking of the Walnut Grove Disaster. Arizona Journal-Miner 33(147, March 3).^"The fact is this disaster demonstrates, although with fearful results in the attendant loss of life, that Arizona has a sufficient rainfall to furnish an abundance of water for storage purposes, future companies, if they are wise, will profit by the experience of the Walnut Grove Water Storage company and the faulty and defective construction of their dam, which caused its loss, can easily be remedied. Not only will another water storage enterprise be inaugurated in this section this season, but it is now pretty definitely stated that the Walnut Grove dam will be Rebuilt.^Dam Collapse, Hassayampa River, Walnut Grove Dam^article^:
^1925^Martin, M. E.^Martin, M. E. (1925-1926):From Texas to California in 1849. Southwestern Historical Quarterly 29, 36-50, 128-146, 201-223. (From Hadley, D. and T. Sheridan, 1995)^^Exploration, Santa Cruz River^article^:
^1965^Martin, P. S.;Meshinger, P. J.^Martin, P.S. & P.J. Meshinger (1965): Pleistocene Pollen Analysis and Biogeography of the Southwest. In: The Quaternary of the United States. (Eds: Wright, H.E. & D.G. Frey) Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 433-451.^^Paleobotany, Plant Geography, Pollen^chapter^:
^1983^Martin, Patricia P.^Martin, Patricia P. (1983): Songs My Mother Sang to Me: an Oral History of Mexican American Women. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Anthology/proceedings, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Mexican-american, Spanish^book^:
^1963^Martin, Paul S.^Martin, Paul S. (1963): The Last 10, 000 Years: A Fossil Pollen Record of the American Southwest. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^"Recent pollen analysis of pluvial lake sediments sustains the view of most geologists that glacio-pluvial climates of arid America were decidedly colder and wetter than the present. It is within the postpluvial period that the desert grassland pollen chronology fails to support the climatic interpretations of certain previous workers. Foremost is lack of pollen evidence of pluvial conditions at the Sulphur Spring stage type locality (profile of Double Adobe I)." page 61^climate, Paleobotany, Plant Geography, Pollen^book^:
^1986^Martin, S. C.^Martin, S.C. (1986): 80 Years of Vegetation Change on a Semi-Desert Range in Southern Arizona, USA, and Evaluation of Causes. (Proceedings of the 2nd International Range Congress) Cambridge Unive-rsity, Cambridge.^^Grasslands, Grazing, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1977^Martin, S. C.;Turner, R. M.^Martin, S.C. & R.M. Turner (1977): Vegetation Changes in the Sonoran Desert Region. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 12, 59-69.^^Sonoran Desert, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1939^Martin, Sadie E.^Martin, Sadie E. (1939): My Desert Memories. Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson. (71 Pages)^^Anglos, Biography, Colorado River, Gila River, History, Ranching, Settlement^other^:
^1974^Martin, William E.;Gum, Russell L.;Smith, Arthur H.^Martin, William E., Russell L. Gum & Arthur H. Smith (1974): The Demand for & Value of Hunting, Fishing and General Rural Outdoor Recreation in Arizona. (Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin, No. 211.) University of Arizona, Tucson.^"In early 1971, the Arizona Game and Fish Department authorized a survey of hunting and fishing within the state covering the year 1970, having the general objective of determining the total economic value of benefits assignable to fish and wildlife in Arizona. Three previous surveys... concentrated on estimating expenditures and participation by hunters and fishermen, generally following what is termed the 'gross expenditure' approach to estimation of the economic value of the Activities."^Hunting/fishing/trapping, Recreation, Wildlife^book^:
^1985^Martin, William E.;Ingram, Helen M.^Martin, William E. & Helen M. Ingram (1985): Planning for Growth in the Southwest. National Planning Association, Washington, D. C.^^Water Management^book^:
^1984^Martin, William E.;Ingram, Helen M.;Laney, Nancy K.;Griffin, A. H.^Martin, William E., Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney & A.H. Griffin (1984): Saving Water in a Desert City. Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, D. C.^^Water Management^book^:
^1992^Martin,Patricia Preciado^Martin,Patricia Preciado (1992):Songs My Mother Sang to Me: An Oral History of Mexican-American Women. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson & London. 224 pages.^"Since the eighteenth century, Spanish-speaking peoples have lived off the soil in the remote canyons and valley sof Southern Arizona. In 1736 silver was discovered, but by the nineteenth century the region would be coveted for its copper. By 1910, Arizona had become 'the nation's number one producer of copper.' Equally important, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, family farms dotted the landscape. Relying on a mixed economy of livestock and subsistence crops, Mexican homesteaders created communities out of isolation. Kin and friendship networks spanned the artificial border separating Arizona from Sonora."^History, Mexico, San Pedro River^book^:
^1963^Mason, L.^Mason, L. (1963): Using Historical Records to Determine Climax Vegetation. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 18, 190-194.^^Climate, Vegetation^article^:
^1985^Mason, Robert H.^Mason, Robert H. (1985): Our Desert Oasis. Eldon, Scottsdale. 77 Pages.^^History, Maricopa County, Verde River^book^:
^1983^Mastrogiuseppe, R. J. et al.^Mastrogiuseppe, R.J. et al. (1983): Forest and Rangeland Fire History Bibliography. USDA Forest Service, Washington, D. C.^^Bibliography, Fire, Forests/woodlands, Grasslands^book^:
^1975^Matheny, Robert Lavesco^Matheny, Robert Lavesco (1975): The History of Lumbering in Arizona Before World War II. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^History, Logging^other^:
^1991^Matson, R. G.^Matson, R.G. (1991): The Origin of Southwestern Agriculture. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Agriculture, History^book^:
^1988^Matter, W. J.;Mannan, R. W.^Matter, W.J. & R.W. Mannan (1988): Sand and Gravel Pits as Fish and Wildlife Habitat in the Southwest. Resource Publication 171 ed. U.S. Department of Interior, Washington D.c.^^Fish, Habitat, Mining, Wildlife^book^:
^1946^Mattison, Ray H.^Mattison, Ray H. (1946): Early Spanish and Mexican Settlements in Arizona. New Mexico Historical Review 21(4), 273-327.^^History, Mexican-american, Missions, Settlement, Spanish^article^:
^1996^Mattison,Ray H.^Mattison,Ray H. (No date):The Controversy in Southern Arizona Over the Tumacacori and Calabasas Land Grants. Manuscript on file at Special Collections Library, University of Arizona, Tucson.^"Although the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848 and the Gadsden Purchase of 1853, ceded domination of some 560,000 square miles of Mexico to the United States, it was not until over a half century later that the courts would be able to unscramble the maze of rival claims to the Spanish and Mexican grants in this territory. While none of the cases has attracted as much attention as the fraudulent Peralta-Reavis grant, which involved som 12,740,000 acres in both Arizona and New Mexico, the controversy in southern Arizona over the Tumcacacori and Calabasas grants created considerable attention and involved several United States Supreme Court Decisions."^Calabasas, Land Grants, Santa Cruz River, Tumacacori^other^:
^1967^Mattison,Ray H.^Mattison,Ray H. (1967):The Tangled Web: The Controversy Over the Tumacacori and Baca Land Grants. Journal of Arizona History 8(2, Summer), 71-90.^See Mattison, "The Controversy in Southern Arizona..."^Land Grants, Santa Cruz River, Spanish, Tumacacori^article^:
^1946^Mattison,Ray H.^Mattison,Ray H. (1946):Early Spanish and Mexican Settlements in Arizona. New Mexico Historical Review 21(4, October), 273-327.^^History, Land Grants, Mexican-american, Missions, Settlement, Spanish^article^:
^1993^Mayden, R. L.^Mayden, R.L. (1993): Systematics, Historical Ecology, and North American Freshwater Fishes. Stanford University, Stanford, California. 1000 Pages.^^Fish, Paleobotany, Paleoecology^book^:
^1981^McCarthy, M. M.^McCarthy, M.M. (1981): The Past and Future of Southwest Grasslands: Changing Issues in Land Planning. In: Southwest Grasslands: Past, Present and Future. Bureau of Land Management, Washington, D. C., 99-113.^^Grasslands, Grazing, Land Use, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1976^McCarty, Kieran^McCarty, Kieran (1976): Desert Documentary: The Spanish years, 1767-1821. (Historical Monograph, No. 4.) Arizona Historical Society, Tucson. 150 Pages.^^Exploration, History, Military, Missions, Spanish^book^:
^1921^McClintock, James H.^McClintock, James H. (1921): Mormon Settlement in Arizona. State of Arizona, Phoenix.^A record of peaceful conquest of the Desert^agriculture, Dams, Indians^book^:
^1994^McCool,Daniel^McCool,Daniel (1994):Command of the Waters: Iron Triangles, Federal Water Development, and Indian Water. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson & London. 321 Pages.^^Indians, Water Law, Water Management^book^:
^1968^McCormick, Hon Richard C.^McCormick, Hon. Richard C. (1968): Arizona: Its Resources and Prospects. 1865 ed. Territorial Press, Tucson, Arizona.^^Description, History^book^:
^1990^McCoy, Ronald^McCoy, Ronald (1990): The Blue-Green Water People. The World and I 5(3), 681+.^^Colorado River, Indians^article^:
^1986^McCroskey, M.^McCroskey, M. (1986): The Great Ferry War of 1905 and Other Nautical Adventures. Paper presented at the Arizona Historical Society Convention (on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^^Ferries, Gila River^other^:
^1956^McDonald, J. E.^McDonald, J.E. (1956): Variability of Precipitation in an Arid Region: A Survey of Characteristics for Arizona. (Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Technical Report, No. 1.) University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Climate, Precipitation^book^:
^1974^McFarland, E. F.^McFarland, E.F. (1974): Wilderness of the Gila. Publishing Office, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.^^Description, Gila River^book^:
^1986^McGavock, E. H.;Anderson, T. W.;Moosburner, Otto;Mann, L. J.^McGavock, E.H., T.W. Anderson, Otto Moosburner & L.J. Mann (1986): Water Resources of Southern Coconino County, Arizona. (Arizona Water Commission Bulletin, No. 4.) Arizona Water Commission, Phoenix. 53 Pages.^^Coconino County, Water Supply^book^:
^1985^McGinley, Mark A.;Whitham, Thomas G.^McGinley, Mark A. & Thomas G. Whitham (1985): Central Place Foraging by Beavers (Castor canadensis): A Test of Foraging Predictions and the Impact of Selective Feeding on the Growth Form of Cottonwoods (Populus fremontii). Oecologia 66, 558-562.^^Beaver, Cottonwood-willow Forests, Habitat, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1980^McGuire, T. R.^McGuire, T.R. (1980): Mixed-Bloods, Apaches, and Cattle Barons: Documents for a History of the Livestock Economy on the White Mountain Reservation, Arizona. University of Arizona, Tucson. 227 pages. (Cultural Resource Management Section, Arizona State Museum)^^Cattle, Economics, Grazing, White Mountain Apaches, White Mountains, White River^book^:
^1970^McLaughlin, Herb;McLaughlin, Dorothy^McLaughlin, Herb & Dorothy McLaughlin (1970): Phoenix 18700-1970 in Photographs. the authors, Phoenix. 208 Pages.^^History, Phoenix, Photos/art^book^:
^1895^McMillan, James^McMillan, James (1895): The Economic Distribution of Water. (Series Ed: Devol, W.Stowe. Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, No. 17.) University of Arizona, Tucson.^In the face of the fact that there are a number of new canals just entering the field of irrigation in this Territory, and the further fact that the methods now used by existing canals are not entirely satisfactory to either the canal companies or their patrons, the question of the best or most economical method of distributing water to the land, becomes a very pertinent One.^Canals, Irrigation, Salt River^book^:
^1980^McNatt, R. M.;Hallock, R. J.;Anderson, A. W.^McNatt, R.M., R.J. Hallock & A.W. Anderson (1980): Riparian Habitat and Instream Flow Studies, Lower Verde River, Fort McDowell Reservation, Arizona. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque.^^Fort Mcdowell, Habitat, Riparian Areas, Streamflow, Verde River^book^:
^1964^McNitt, F.^McNitt, F. (1964): Navajo Expedition: Journal of a Military Reconnaissance from Santa Fe, NM to the Navajo Country Made in 1849 by Lt. James H. Simpson. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Anglos, Exploration, Journals, Little Colorado River, Military, Navajos^book^:
^1988^McPherson, E. Gregory;Haip, Renee A.^McPherson, E.Gregory & Renee A. Haip (1988): Tucson Arizona's Urban Vegetation: Past, Present, and Future. In: The City of the 21st Century Conference. (Ed: Pihlak, Madis) Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 87-91. (Proceedings of the Conference)^Imagine Tucson, Arizona as a forest, with an expanse of dense tree canopies shading the city's streets, parks, and homes. Today Tucson's many treeless streets and front yards make it hard to believe that once it claimed to be the garden spot of the southwest. What happened to that tree planting fervor? How can Tucson's arboreal legacy influence current decisions to promote a more livable city in the 21st century? This paper reports on preliminary findings that trace the evolution of Tucson's urban forest. Factors that influenced vegetation change are discussed, and specific design recommendations for the Ecological Landscape of the 21st century are Presented.^Exotic Species, Native Species, Tucson, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1972^McQueen, I. S.;Miller, R. F.^McQueen, I.S. & R.F. Miller (1972): Soil-Moisture and Energy Relationships Associated With Riparian Vegetation near San Carlos, Arizona. (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 655-E.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^Evapotranspiration, San Carlos, Soil, Vegetation^book^:
^1925^McTavish, Caton^McTavish, Caton (1925):The Story of the Canoa Ranch, One of the Oldest and Most Historical Cattle Ranches in Arizona. Progressive Arizona 1, 34-36.^Ideally located in the fertile Santa Cruz Valley, sheltered on either side by picturesque mountain ranges, the Canoa Ranch, south of Tucson, is one of the oldest and most historical cattle ranches in Arizona. It is also one of the most modernly equipped breeding ranches for thoroughbred beef stock in the West, for, during the years that the Canoa has been under the management of its present owner, General L. H. Manning, improvements have been continually in Progress.^Cattle, Grazing, Irrigation, Land Grants, Santa Cruz River^article^:
^1930^Mead, Elwood^Mead, Elwood (1930): Hoover Dam: The Boulder Canyon Project; A Colossal Enterprise. Civil Engineering 1, 3-8.^^Colorado River, Hoover Dam^article^:
^1981^Mead, J. I.^Mead, J.I. (1981): The Last 30, 000 Years of Faunal History Within the Grand Canyon, Arizona. Quaternary Research 15, 311-326.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Paleontology^article^:
^1907^Mearns, E. A.^Mearns, E.A. (1907): Mammals of the Mexican Boundary of the United States. U.S. National Museum Bulletin 56, 530.^"Mearns (p. 101) described the San Pedro River at the international boundary in 1892 as a good-sized stream that contained many Fish."^Colorado River, Mammals, Mexico-arizona Boundary, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River^article^:
^1891^Mearns, E. A.^Mearns, E.A. (1891): Notes on the Otter (Lutra canadensis) and skunks (Genus (Spilogale) and (Mephitis) of Arizona. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 3, 252-262.^^Otter^article^:
^1890^Mearns, E. A.^Mearns, E.A. (1890): A Description of Supposed New Species and Subspecies of Mammals from Arizona. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2.^^Mammals^article^:
^1981^Measeles, Evelyn Brack^Measeles, Evelyn Brack (1981): A Crossing on the Colorado: Lee's Ferry. Pruett Publishing Company, Boulder.^^Colorado River, Lee's Ferry^book^:
^1990^Medina, A. L.^Medina, A.L. (1990): Possible Effects of Residential Development on Streamflow, Riparian Plant Com-munities, and Fisheries on Small Mountain Streams in Central Arizona. Forest Ecology and Management 33/34, 351-361.^^Fish, Human Impact, Mountains, Riparian Areas, Streamflow, Urbanization, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1984^Meents, J. K.;Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Meents, J.K., Bertin W. Anderson & Robert D. Ohmart (1984): Sensitivity of Riparian Birds to Habitat Loss. In: California Riparian Systems: Eco-logy, Conservation, and Productive Management. (Eds: Warner, R.E. & K.M. Hendrix) University of California Press, Berkeley, 619-625.^^Birds, Habitat, Riparian Areas, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1983^Meffe, Gary K.;Hendrickson, Dean A.;Minckley, W. L.^Meffe, Gary K., Dean A. Hendrickson & W.L. Minckley (1983): Factors Resulting in Decline of the Endangered Sonoran Topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) (Atherinformes: Poeciliidae) in the United States. Biological Conservation 25, 135-159.^"The endangered Sonoran topminnow Poeciliopsis occidentalis has steadily declined in distribution and abundance in the past several decades, and currently survives in the United States only in several isolated localities in southern Arizona. This reduction is correlated with, and primarily attributed to, habitat destruction, and introduction and establishment of mosquitofish Gambusia affinis and other exotic fishes. Topminnows have characteristically been reduced in number or replaced within a year or two of introduction of non-native fishes. Topminnows have characteristically been reduced in number or replaced within a year or two of introduction of non-native fishes. Other native fishes have experienced similar declines after introduction of exotics, and much of the endemic western ichthyofauna may be vulnerable to extirpation in this manner. Predation by introduced fishes on natives appears to be a likely mechanism of Replacement."^Endangered Species, Exotic Species, Extinctions/extirpations, Fish, Species Decline^article^:
^1967^Mehringer, Jr, Peter J.^Mehringer, Jr., Peter J. (1967): The Environment of Extinction of the Late-Pleistocene Megafauna in the Arid Southwestern United States. In: Proceedings of the 7th Congress of the International Association for Quatenary Research. (Eds: Martin, P.S. & H.E. Wright, Jr.) Yale University Press, New Haven, 247-266.^"The same types of habitat that are widespread today in the western United States were occupied by the late-Pleistocene magefauna. The arid regions of today were less widespread even after the major wave of extinction, which ended by 10, 000 years ago. About 12, 000 years ago some areas of the Southwest probably became marginal habitat, but there were no major barriers to migration into more favorable regions. If climatic change is to be considered the principal cause of extinction, the extreme glacial climates of Wisconsin age should have exerted a detrimental effect on the extinct fauna. Excluding nonclimatic factors, the period of rapid deglaciation should have resulted in the expansion and not the demise of the megafaunal populations. At the present time there is a greater area and probably a wider variety of habitats available to herbivores than existed in North America during the major Wisconsin ice advances. Large herbivore biomass should have increased, not declined, as the ice retreated. Because different species of the extinct late-Pleistocene magefauna occupied habitats ranging from warm semiarid to periglacial, it seems unlikely that a single climatic cause alone is responsible for Extinction."^Anthology/proceedings, Climate, Extinctions/extirpations, Mammals, Paleontology^chapter^:
^1965^Mehringer, Jr, Peter J.;Haynes, Jr, C Vance.^Mehringer, Jr., Peter J. & C. Vance Haynes, Jr. (1965): The Pollen Evidence for the Environment of Early Man and Extinct Mammals at the Lehner Mammoth Site, Southeastern Arizona. American Antiquity 31(1), 17-23.^"Fossil pollen is directly associated with a radiocarbon date, mammoth bones, and the same stratigraphic units in which mammoth, bison, tapir, and horse bones and Clovis artifacts were recovered at the Lehner site. The pollen evidence indicates that desert grassland occupied the San Pedro Valley of southeastern Arizona about 9000 B.c."^climate, Extinctions/extirpations, Indians, Mammals, Paleobotany, Paleontology, Pollen, San Pedro River, Vegetation^article^:
^1971^Meinig, D. W.^Meinig, D.W. (1971): Southwest, Three Peoples in Geographic Change 1600-1970. Oxford University Press, London. 151 Pages.^^Environmental Change, Ethnology, Human Impact^book^:
^1927^Meinzer, O. E.^Meinzer, O.E. (1927): Plants as Indicators of Ground Water. (U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper, 577.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^Groundwater, Vegetation^book^:
^1913^Meinzer, O. E.;Kelton, F. C.;Forbes, R. H.^Meinzer, O.E., F.C. Kelton & R.H. Forbes (1913): Geology and Water Resources of Sulphur Spring Valley, Arizona. (Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, 72.) University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Geology, Sulphur Springs Valley, Water Supply^book^:
^1992^Meko, D. M.;Graybill, D. A.^Meko, D.M. & D.A. Graybill (1992): Gila River Streamflow Reconstruction. Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Dendrochronology, Gila River, Streamflow^book^:
^1965^Melton, M. A.^Melton, M.A. (1965): The Geomorphic and Paleoclimatic Significance of Alluvial Deposits in Southern Arizona. Journal of Geology 73(1), 1-38.^^Geomorphology, Paleoclimatology, Sedimentation^article^:
^1992^Mercer, Jean Ann^Mercer, Jean Ann (1992): Native American Perspectives on the Grand Canyon: The Ethnohistorical Component of GCES Glen Canyon Environmental Studies. Colorado River Studies Office Newsletter (U.S. Bureau of Reclamation) 5(Spring/Summer), 1-2.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Indians^article^:
^1968^Meredith, H. L.^Meredith, H. L. (1968):Reclamation in the Salt River Valley, 1902-1917. Journal of the West 7, 76-83.^Various accounts have been written about the Newlands Act of 1902 and its program to reclaim the arid lands of the American West. However, little attention has been given to the first major project in the Salt River Valley of Arizona. The manner in which the legislation was put into practice proved vitally important to the future success of the reclamation program. Examples in construction, contracting, dealing with large numbers of private land owners and decisions on water rights made the valley the prototype followed throughout the Region.^Dams, History, Salt River^article^:
^1890^Merriam, Dr C. Hart^Merriam, Dr. C. Hart (1890): Results of a Biological Survey of the San Francisco Mountain Region and Desert of the Little Colorado in Arizona. In: Selected Works of Clinton Hart Merriam. (Natural Sciences in America, No. 3.) Arno Press, New York, N.Y., 1-128.^^Colorado River, Little Colorado River, San Francisco Mountains, Wildlife^chapter^:
^1977^Merrill, W. Earl^Merrill, W. Earl (1977): One Hundred Footprints on Forgotten Trails. (Book 4 of a Series) Lofgreen Printing Company, Mesa, Arizona.^^Dams, Ferries, Floods, Irrigation, Mesa, Salt River, Timber^book^:
^1975^Merrill, W. Earl^Merrill, W. Earl (1975): One Hundred Echoes From Mesa's Past. Lofgreen Printing, Mesa, Arizona. (Book Three of a Series)^^Agriculture, Dams, Fuelwood, Mesa, Mormons, Vegetation^book^:
^1972^Merrill, W. Earl^Merrill, W. Earl (1972): One Hundred Yesterdays. Lofgreen Printing, Mesa, Arizona. (Book Two of a Series)^^Dams, Floods, Fuelwood, Indians, Mesa, Salt River, Vegetation, Wildlife^book^:
^1970^Merrill, W. Earl^Merrill, W. Earl (1970): One Hundred Steps Down Mesa's Past. Lofgreen Printing Co., Mesa, Arizona.^^Agriculture, Colorado River, Ferries, Fuelwood, Indians, Mesa, Salt River^book^:
^1991^Messersmith, Dan W.^Messersmith, Dan W. (1991): The History of Mohave County to 1912. Mohave County Historical Society, Kingman, Arizona.^^Colorado River, History, Indians, Military, Mining, Mohave County, Railroads, Ranching, Steamboats^book^:
^1989^Meusel, Mike^Meusel, Mike (1989): Hydrologic Conditions on the Upper San Pedro River (San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area). Bureau of Land Management, San Pedro Project Office, Safford, Arizona.^^Hydrology, Refuges/preserves, San Pedro River^book^:
^1984^Meyer,Michael C.^Meyer,Michael C. (1984):Water in the Hispanic Southwest: a social and legal history, 1550-1850. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^^book^:
^1968^Midvale, Frank^Midvale, Frank (1968): Prehistoric Irrigation of the Casa Grande Ruins Area. The Kiva 30(3), 82-86.^^Archaeology, Gila River, Hohokam, Irrigation^article^:
^1989^Miller, Darlis^Miller, Darlis (1989): Soldiers and Settlers: Military Supply in the Southwest 1861-1885. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.^^History, Military^book^:
^1956^Miller, Joseph^Miller, Joseph (1956): Arizona the Last Frontier. Hastings House, New York. 350 Pages.^^Description, History^book^:
^1961^Miller, Robert Rush^Miller, Robert Rush (1961): Man and the Changing Fish Fauna of the American Southwest. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters 46(1960), 365-404.^The past 100 years have witnessed drastic changes in the rivers of western North America and in their fish faunas. Deterioration of stream flow has greatly shrunk the ranges of many species, and other species have been denied access to large segments of their original distribution by the construction of barrier dams. Profound modification of pristine environments has restricted habitable waters, and the introduction and establishment of a host of exotics have brought about replacement as well as reduction of native forms through competition, predation, and hybridization. Some species and subspecies have become extinct, and many others are endangered (Matthiessen, 1959). These changes have been particularly marked in areas of restricted water supply such as characterize the arid Southwest. Much of this region is embraced by the Basin and Range Province (Fenneman, 1931, pl. I), including the Great Basin, Sonoran Desert, and the Chihuahuan Desert of northern Mexico.^Dams, Environmental Change, Exotic Species, Fish, Human Impact, Native Species^article^:
^1989^Miller, Robert Rush et al.^Miller, Robert Rush et al. (1989): Extinctions of North American Fishes During the Past Century. Fisheries 14, 22-38.^^Extinctions/extirpations, Fish^article^:
^1985^Milne, Michael M.;Young, Don W.^Milne, Michael M. & Don W. Young (1985): Evaluation of the Impact of Stockwatering Ponds (Stockponds) on Runoff From Large Arizona Watersheds. Hydrology Division, Arizona State Land Department, Phoenix.^^Erosion, Grazing, Watershed^book^:
^1991^Minckley, W. L.^Minckley, W.L. (1991): Native Fishes of Arid Lands: A Dwindling Resource of the Desert Southwest. (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-206.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Endangered Species, Extinctions/extirpations, Fish, Native Species, Species Decline^book^:
^1985^Minckley, W. L.^Minckley, W.L. (1985): Native Fishes and Natural Aquatic Habitats of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region II West of the Continental Divide. Arizona State University, Tempe. (Report of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, Nm)^^Aquatic Biota, Colorado River, Fish, Gila River, Habitat, Little Colorado River, Native Species, San Pedro River, Verde River^book^:
^1981^Minckley, W. L.^Minckley, W.L. (1981): Ecological Studies of Aravaipa Creek, Central Arizona, Relative to Past, Present and Future Uses. Arizona State University, Tempe.^^Aravaipa Creek, Ecosystems, Human Impact, Land Use^book^:
^1969^Minckley, W. L.^Minckley, W.L. (1969): Aquatic Biota of the Sonoita Creek Basin, Santa Cruz County, Arizona. (Eco-logical Leaflet, 15.) The Nature Conservancy, Tucson. 8 Pages.^^Aquatic Biota, Santa Cruz County, Sonoita Creek, Wildlife^book^:
^1968^Minckley, W. L.;Alger, Norman T.^Minckley, W.L. & Norman T. Alger (1968): Fish Remains From an Archaeological Site Along the Verde River, Yavapai County, Arizona. Plateau 40(3), 91-97.^^Archaeology, Fish, Verde River, Yavapai County^article^:
^1984^Minckley, W. L.;Clark, Thomas O.^Minckley, W.L. & Thomas O. Clark (1984): Formation and Destruction of a Gila River Mesquite Bosque Community. Desert Plants 6(1, Summer), 23-27.^Evidence is presented for repeated formation and destruction of a Mesquite (Prosopis spp.) bosque community on a Gila River terrace, eastern Arizona. Terrace formation was induced by a coarse alluvial cone produced by flooding in an ephemeral tributary, followed by vegetative colonization culminating in Mesquite. Destruction was accomplished by sustained flooding in the mainstream Gila River."^Erosion, Gila River, Mesquite Trees, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1979^Minckley, W. L.;Clarkson, R. W.^Minckley, W.L. & R.W. Clarkson (1979): Fishes. In: Resource Inventory for the Gila River Complex, Eastern Arizona. (Eds: Minckley, W.L. & M.R. Sommerfeld) Arizona State University, Tempe, 510-531.^^Fish, Gila River^chapter^:
^1993^Minckley, W. L.;Deacon, J. E.^Minckley, W.L. & James E. Deacon (1993): Battle Against Extinction: Native Fish Management in the American West. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Extinctions/extirpations, Fish^book^:
^1968^Minckley, W. L.;Deacon, James E.^Minckley, W.L. & James E. Deacon (1968): Southwestern Fishes and the Enigma of 'Endangered Species'. Science 159(March 29), 1424-1433.^Increasing public interest in man's pressure on the world's biota is evident from the number of agencies now actively involved in attempts to conserve what remains. These range from small, private conservation clubs to large established groups such as The Nature Conservancy and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Activities of some organizations have been complemented by action on the part of some state and federal departments. For example, in January 1967, the Nevada Game and Fish Commission accepted responsibility for preserving the unique, endemic fishes of that state, and acted to protect habitats of a number of forms, and in December 1967, California initiated similar action. The U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife has defined rare and endangered species, and has begun to catalog them. A laboratory for studying and preserving such organisms is established at the Bureau's Patuxent Wildlife Center in Maryland.^Endangered Species, Fish^article^:
^1985^Minckley, W. L.;Rinne, John N.^Minckley, W.L. & John N. Rinne (1985): Large Woody Debris in Hot-Desert Streams: An Historical Review. Desert Plants 7(3), 142-153.^Large-particulate organic debris is denied to present-day desert streams because of interception by impoundments and as a result of decimation of formerly extensive riparian vegetation. Historical records indicate a substantial, but sporadic, input of coarse debris, which was reduced to finer particles through molar action in canyon-bound reaches of desert rivers. Historical changes, functions of large debris in the systems, and probable future conditions are Reviewed.^Ecosystems, Geomorphology, Woody Debris^article^:
^1881^Mining and Scientific Press^Mining and Scientific Press (1881): Rivers in Arizona. Mining and Scientific Press 42, 404.^^Mining, Rivers^article^:
^1989^Mitchell, Douglas R.^Mitchell, Douglas R. (Ed.) (1989): Archaeological Investigations at the Grand Canal Ruins: A Classic Period Site in Phoenix, Arizona. Soil Systems, Inc., Phoenix, Arizona. (Soil Systems Publications in Archaeology No. 12)^This two volume report, Soil Systems Publications in Archaeology No. 12, represents the final deliverable for archaeological data recovery investigations conducted by Soil Systems, Inc., in 1986 at the Grand Canal Ruins for the City of Phoenix. These volumes represent the third and final investigation of cultural resources conducted by Soil Systems, Inc., along the Squaw Peak Parkway in metropolitan Phoenix. Two previous publications reported on the archaeological testing along the Parkway corridor between McDowell Road and Glendale Avenue (Soil Systems Publications in Archaeology No. 6) and data recovery investigations at the Classic period village site of Casa Buena (Soil Systems Publications in Archaeology No. 11). Investigations at the Grand Canal Ruins revealed over 200 features dating primarily to the Soho and Civano phases of the Classic period. Ceramic and chronometric analyses were used to distinguish a phase transitional between the Sedentary and classic periods, the Santan phse, and a late Classic period occupation, the Polvoron phase. The site investigations focused on an examination of community organization during the Classic period and although relatively few architectural features were present within the project area, an extensive cemetery and extramural features (including hornos) provided a glimpse of prehistoric activity areas and land use at the periphery of a large sedentary village. A portion of a Classic period compound was investigated and several prehistoric and historic canal segments crossed the project area. The large burial assemblage allowed for studies of Classic period mortuary practices, human osteology, and ceramic seriation, and a form and function study of the numerous whole vessels recovered as grave goods. A study of Classic period susistence strategies was possible through an examination of the botanical remains recovered from a diversity of contexts. Geomorphological studies and sediment analyses from prehistoric canals added greatly to our interpretation and reconstruction^Archaeology, Canals, Hohokam, Phoenix, Salt River^book^:
^1987^Mitchell, J. E.;Hart, R. H.^Mitchell, J.E. & R.H. Hart (1987): Winter of 1886-87: The Death Knell of Open Range. Rangelands 8, 3-8.^^Cattle, Climate, Grazing^article^:
^1967^Mitchell, Olive^Mitchell, Olive (1967): Life is a Fulfilling. Brigham Young University Press, Provo, Utah. 267 Pages.^^Agriculture, Anglos, San Pedro River^book^:
^1858^Mollhausen, Balduin;Sinnett, Mrs P.^Mollhausen, Balduin & Mrs. P. Sinnett (1858): Diary of a Journey From the Mississippi to the Coast of the Pacific with a United States Government Expedition. Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts, London.^^Colorado River, Exploration, Surveys^book^:
^1993^Montoya, Pia; Gustaveson, Angela (Eds.)^Montoya, Pia; Gustaveson, Angela (Eds.) (1993):Arizona Statistical Abstract, 1993: Data Handbook. Economic and Business Research Program, Office of Community Affairs, Karl Eller Graduate School of Management, College of Business and Public Administration, The University of Arizona, Tucson. 613 pages.^The 1993 edition of the Arizona Statistical Abstract is a comprehensive, concise, and readily usable reference source of statistics pertaining to the state of Arizona and its political Subdivisions.^Agriculture, Handbook/field Guide, Mining, Water Supply^book^:
^1963^Moody, R.^Moody, R. (1963): The Old Trails West. T.Y. Crowell Co., New York.^^Anglos, Exploration, Trails/roads^book^:
^1986^Mooney, H. A.;Drake, James A.^Mooney, H.A. & James A. Drake (Eds.) (1986): Ecology of Biological Invasions of North America and Hawaii. Springer-Verlag, New York.^^Ecology, Exotic Species, Plant Geography^book^:
^1928^Mooney, J.^Mooney, J. (1928): The Aboriginal Population of America North of Mexico. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection 80(7), Washington, D. C.^^Indians, Population^other^:
^1957^Moorhead, Max L.^Moorhead, Max L. (1957): Spanish Transportation in the Southwest, 1540-1846. New Mexico Historical Review 32, 107-122.^The history of transportation in the American Southwest is as old as travel itself. Although its most primitive forms - the man-borne pack and the dog-drawn travois - persisted in use until quite recent times, these were largely superseded by Spanish techniques involving large domesticated animals and the wheel. The present study is concerned with these more advanced methods, their development in the region at large, and their particular application to the province of New Mexico. This, then, is a study of the horse, mule, burro, and ox; of the car and wagon; and, especially, of the organization and operation of the caravan. Most significantly, it is the history of a life-line of a frontier Civilization.^History, Spanish, Transportation^article^:
^1963^Morgan, Dale L.;Hammond, George P.^Morgan, Dale L. & George P. Hammond (1963): Guide to Manuscripts in the Bancroft Library. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles. 379 Pages.^^Bibliography, Manuscripts^book^:
^1983^Morganthau, T.^Morganthau, T. (1983): The Colorado: Man-Made Flood. Newsweek 102(July 11), 28.^^Colorado River, Dams, Floods, Human Impact^article^:
^1928^Morris, Earl H.^Morris, Earl H. (1928):An Aboriginal Salt Mine at Camp Verde, Arizona. (Antrhropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, Volume XXX, Part III.) The American Museum of Natural History, New York City.^^Archaeology, Camp Verde, Verde River^book^:
^1950^Morrisey, Richard J.^Morrisey, Richard J. (1950): The Early Range Cattle Industry in Arizona. Agricultural History 24(3) 151-156.^^Cattle, History, Ranching^article^:
^1980^Motroni, R.^Motroni, R. (1980): The Importance of Riparian Zones to Terrestrial Wildlife: An Annotated Bibliography. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Ecological Sciences, Sacramento, California. 83 Pages.^^Bibliography, Riparian Areas, Wildlife^book^:
^1986^Moyle, P. B.^Moyle, P.B. (1986): Fish Introductions into North America: Patterns and Ecological Impact. In: Ecology of Biological Invasions of North America and Hawaii. (Eds: Mooney, Harold A. & James A. Drake) Springer-Verlag, New York, 27-35.^^Environmental Change, Exotic Species, Fish^chapter^:
^1938^Muffley, B. W.^Muffley, B.W. (1938): History of the Lower San Pedro Valley in Arizona. MS Thesis, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^History, San Pedro River^other^:
^1976^Munson, R. W.^Munson, R.W. (1976): Territorial Verde Valley. Plateau 53(1), 24-32.^^History, Settlement, Verde River^article^:
^1972^Murphy,Lawrence R.^Murphy,Lawrence R. (1972):Frontier Crusader - William F. M. Arny. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 313 pages.^"The transformation of the American wilderness into a modern, industrialized nation has attracted the attention of countless historians. Ever since Frederick Jackson Turner first discussed the significance of the frontier in 1893, the pattern of fur trapper, miner, rancher, and farmer slowly moving westward through a series of frontiers has been analyzed and interpreted; in numerous areas, the subtle changes have been catalogued. But many aspects of this process still are not Clear."^Exploration, Settlement^book^:
^1972^Murray, F. S.^Murray, F.S. (1972): History of Fort Huachuca. Southwest Antiquarians, El Paso.^^Fort Huachuca, History, Military, San Pedro River^book^:
^1956^Myers, J. M.^Myers, J.M. (1956): The Salt Navy Attests to a Once Moist River. Arizona Republic (December 9).^^Boats, Salt River^article^:
^1988^Myers, John L.;Gryda, Robert^Myers, John L. & Robert Gryda (1988): The Salt River Pima Maricopa Indians: Legends, Reflections, History and Future. Life's Reflections, Phoenix. 160 Pages.^^Gila River, History, Legends, Salt River, Salt River Pima Maricopa Indians^book^:
^1993^Myers, Louis H.^Myers, Louis H. (1993): Riparian Change on Tonto Creek, Arizona, a Social and Resource Dilemma. In: Symposium on Vegetation Management of Hot Desert Rangeland Ecosystems. (Ed: Young, Deborah D.) Arizona Section Society for Range Management, Phoenix, 311-315.^^Environmental Change, Geomorphology, Riparian Areas, Tonto Creek^chapter^:
^1982^Myers, S. L.^Myers, S.L. (1982): Westering Women and the Frontier Experience, 1800-1915. University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.^^Anglos, Settlement, Travel^book^:
^1975^Myrick, David F.^Myrick, David F. (1975): Railroads of Arizona. Howell-North Books, Berkeley, California. (On file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson (Reference))^^History, Railroads^book^:
^1982^Nabhan, Gary P. et al.^Nabhan, Gary P. et al. (1982): Papago Influences on Habitat and Biotic Diversity: Quitovac Oasis Ethnoecology. Journal of Ethnobiology 2, 124-143.^^Biodiversity, Ethnoecology, Habitat, Human Impact, Indians, Tohono O'odham^article^:
^1985^Nabhan, Gary P.;Warren, Peter L.;Parton, Michael^Nabhan, Gary P., Peter L. Warren & Michael Parton (1985): Mesquite Resources of the Colorado River Indian Tribes Reservation. Unpublished essay, from Office of Arid Land Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson.^"Mesquite, a native legume tree of the American deserts, has been used by the Mohave and other tribes for centureis. Until recently, it was the single most important plant as a food, fuel and lumber source for all native peoples who lived within its range. Although the use of mesquite pods (called 'beans') is not so common today, the wood remains an important resource for modern desert dwellers. This report will focus on the management and use of mesquite wood, although it will mention other potential products as Well."^Colorado River, Fuelwood, Mesquite Trees, Mohave Indians^other^:
^1985^Nabhan, Gary Paul^Nabhan, Gary Paul (1985): Riparian Vegetation and Indigenous Southwestern Agriculture: Control of Erosion, Pests, and Microclimate. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre)(USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 232-235. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^Native American and Spanish American farmers of the arid Southwest have managed riparian vegetation adjacent to their agricultural fields for centuries. They have planted, pruned and encouraged phreatophytic tree species for flood erosion control; soil fertility renewal; buffered field microclimates and fuel-wood production. These practices benefit wildlife and plant genetic Diversity.^Agriculture, Erosion, Ethnobotany, Exotic Species, Floods, Fuelwood, Indians, Mexican-american, Phreatophytes, Riparian Areas, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1981^Naiman, Robert J.;Soltz, David L.^Naiman, Robert J. & David L. Soltz (1981): Fishes in North American Deserts. John Wiley & Sons, New York.^^Fish, Native Species^book^:
^1979^National Archives^National Archives (1979): The American Image: Photographs From the National Archives, 1860-1960. Pantheon Books, New York.^^Bibliography, Photos/art^book^:
^1976^National Park Service^National Park Service (1976): Natural and Cultural Resources Management Plan and Environmental Assessment for Walnut Creek National Monument, Arizona. National Park Service, Flagstaff. 36 Pages.^^Culture, Ecology, Refuges/preserves, San Francisco Mountains, Sinagua Culture, Surveys, Walnut Canyon^book^:
^1986^Neilson, R. P.^Neilson, R.P. (1986): High-Resolution Climatic Analysis and Southwestern Biogeography. Science 232, 27-34.^^Biogeography, Climate^article^:
^1934^Nelson, E. W.^Nelson, E.W. (1934): The Influence of Precipitation and Grazing Upon Grama Grass Range. (USDA Technical Bulletin, No. 409.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 32 Pages.^^Grasses, Grasslands, Grazing, Precipitation^book^:
^1980^Nentvig, Juan^Nentvig, Juan (1980): Rudo Ensayo: A Description of Arizona and Sonora in 1764. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Description, Exploration, Sonora, Spanish^book^:
^1986^Newell, A. S.;Clow, R. L.;Ellis, R. N.^Newell, A.S. R.L Clow. & R.N. Ellis (1986): A Forest Trust: Three-Quarters of a Century of Indian Forestry, 1910-1986. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Washington, D. C.^^Forests/woodlands, Human Impact, Indians, Logging^book^:
^1937^Nichol, A. A.^Nichol, A.A. (1937): The Natural Vegetation of Arizona. University of Arizona, Tucson. (Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 68)^See pages copied, 216-219 on river Vegetation.^Native Species, Plant Geography^book^:
^1951^Niehuis, Charles C.^Niehuis, Charles C. (1951): Buddy Fox, Conservationist: The Crime of Mineral Creek and the Arizona Beavers. Arizona Wildlife Sportsman (June).^^Anglos, Beaver, Biography^article^:
^1948^Niehuis, Charles C.^Niehuis, Charles C. (1948): The Beaver are Coming Back. Arizona Highways (May), 8-12.^^Beaver^article^:
^1967^Nielson, Frihoff Godfred^Nielson, Frihoff Godfred (1967): Autobiography and Notes. microfilm by the Church of Latter Day Saints, Salt Lake City - in Arizona State Library.^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, Little Colorado River, Mormons^other^:
^1980^Nogales Centennial Committee^Nogales Centennial Committee (1980): Nogales Arizona 1880-1980, Centennial Anniversary. (Series Ed: Ready, Alma.) Nogales Centennial Committee, Nogales, Arizona.^The little town of Nogales, Pima County, Arizona Territory, had existed for 13 years when it became incorporated on July 21, 1893. The board of Supervisors appointed a town council consisting of Theodor Gebler, James B. Mix, Anton Proto, George B. Marsh, and E. B. Hogan and the council elected Mix as Mayor.^History, Nogales, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1984^Northern Gila County Historical Society^Northern Gila County Historical Society (1984):Rim Country History. Rim Country Printer, Payson, Arizona. 194 pages.^The Northern Gila County Historical Society presents its new history of the Rim Country. This history is valuable to all residents and former residents of Strawberry, Pine, Payson, Star Valley and other communities in this area, and to those who appreciate the past. This book will become more valuable as time passes because no additional printings are planned. It is enjoyable reading and your passport to Yesterday.^History, Mogollon Culture, Mogollon Rim, Tonto Creek, Tonto National Forest, Verde River^book^:
^1985^Noss, R. F.^Noss, Reed F. (1985): On Characterizing Presettlement Vegetation: How and Why. Natural Areas Journal 5, 5-19.^^Native Species, Plant Geography^article^:
^1961^Nu¤ez Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar;Covey, C.^Nu¤ez Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar & C. Covey (1961): Relacion y Comentarios: Cabeza de Vaca's Adventures in the Unknown Interior of America. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.^^Exploration, Spanish^book^:
^1993^Nu¤ez, Austin;Wallace, Mary G.^Nu¤ez, Austin & Mary G. Wallace (1993): Solutions or Symbols? An Indian Perspective on Water Settlements. In: Indian Water in the New West. (Eds: McGuirre, Thomas R., William B. Lord & Mary G. Wallace) The University of Arizona Press, Tucson & London, 35-53.^"Indian water rights represent a new and often competing demand for water in the West. These rights are a largeley unquantified block of water that must be woven into the framework of western water law. However, in many areas of the West, water is fully appropriated, raising the specter of displacing non-Indian water users to meet Indian needs. One way to avoid this reallocation of water and to fulfill the claims of an Indian tribe is to negotiate a settlement among the water users in an area. This approach is being pursued as an alternative to litigation throughout the West."^Indians, Water Supply^chapter^:
^1976^Nutt, Katherine F.^Nutt, Katherine F. (1976): The Spanish Southwest 1519-1776 and After: A Bibliography of Selected Titles to Commemorate the Bicentennial of the United States. Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff.^^Bibliography, Spanish^book^:
^1956^Oaks, George W.^Oaks, George W. (1956): Man of the West: Reminiscences of George Washington Oaks 1840-1917. Vol. Ed. Ben Jaastad. Arizona Pioneers Historical Society, Tuc. 65 Pages.^^Colorado River, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Military, Yuma^book^:
^1970^Obr, Joseph E.;Follett, Robert H.;Kracht, J. Karl^Obr, Joseph E., Robert H. Follett & J.Karl Kracht (1970): Oak Creek Water Quality Report. Arizona State Department of Health, Phoenix.^"Outdoor recreation is a preferred form of leisure activity for increasing numbers of Arizona residents. Water and shorelines serve as a focal point for many forms of outdoor recreation. Quantity, location and accessibility, as well as quality of water, are prime factors in satisfying water oriented recreation demands. The relative scarcity of water in Arizona results in water recreation areas being subject to high intensity use. Oak Creek Canyon and its associated watershed is just such a region. An evaluation of the effects of the recreational usge of Oak Creek Canyon on the quality of water in Oak Creek as a result of a study conducted over the past two years is presented in this Report."^Bacteria, Oak Creek, Water Quality^book^:
^1996^Office of Arid Land Studies^Office of Arid Land Studies (No date): Desertification Bibliography. Office of Arid Land Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Bibliography, Desertification^book^:
^1978^Office of Arid Land Studies^Office of Arid Land Studies (1978): An Inventory of Riparian Habitats Along the San Pedro River. University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Riparian Areas, San Pedro River, Surveys^book^:
^1994^Ohmart, Robert D.^Ohmart, Robert D (1994): The Effects of Human-Induced Changes on the Avifauna of Western Riparian Habitats. In: Proceedings of an International Symposium at the Centennial Meetings of the Cooper Ornithological Society, Sacramento, California: A Century of Avifaunal Change in Western North America. Studies in Avian Biology 15 ed. (Eds: Jehl, J.R. & N.K Johnson.) Cooper Ornithological Society, 273-285. (Proceedings of an International Symposium at the Centennial Meetings of the Cooper Ornithological Society, Sacramento, California; A Century of Avifaunal Change in Western North America; Jehl, J. R., Johnson, N. K., 273-285; Studies in Avian Biology No. 15)^^Birds, Human Impact, Riparian Areas, Species Decline^chapter^:
^1982^Ohmart, Robert D.^Ohmart, Robert D (1982): Past and Present Biotic Communities of the Lower Colorado River Mainstem and Selected Tributaries. Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nevada.^^Agua Fria River, Aquatic Biota, Bill Williams River, Birds, Colorado River, Ecosystems, Human Impact, Riparian Areas, Salt River, Vegetation Change, Verde River^book^:
^1974^Ohmart, Robert D.^Ohmart, Robert D (1974): Feral Burros on the Havasu Resource Area, Colorado River Valley, California-Arizona. Bureau of Land Management, Denver, Colorado.^^Colorado River, Feral Animals^book^:
^1982^Ohmart, Robert D.;Anderson, Bertin W.^Ohmart, Robert D & Anderson, Bertin W. (1982): North American Desert Riparian Ecosystems. In: Reference Handbook on the Deserts of North America. (Ed: Bender, G.L.) Greenwood Press, Westport, CT and London, England, 433-479.^^Ecosystems, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1988^Ohmart, Robert D.;Anderson, Bertin W.;Hunter, William C.^Ohmart, Robert D, Bertin W. Anderson & William C. Hunter. (1988): The Ecology of the Lower Colorado River From Davis Dam to the Mexico-United States Boundary: A Community Profile. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Report 85(7.19).^^Colorado River, Davis Dam, Ecology, Mexico-arizona Boundary^other^:
^1985^Ohmart, Robert D.;Anderson, Bertin W.;Hunter, William C.^Ohmart, Robert D, Bertin W. Anderson & William C. Hunter (1985): Influence of Agriculture on Waterbird, Wader, and Shorebird Use Along the Lower Colorado River. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds. Johnson, R.R., C.D. Ziebell., D.R. Patton, P.F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 117-122. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^"Waterbird, wader, and shorebird use of the Colorado River was restricted to habitats in or immediately adjacent to the river prior to agricultural development. We studied agricultural habitats systematically for three years and identified those agricultural settings that were most important for individual species and groups of waterbirds, waders, and Shorebirds."^Agriculture, Birds, Colorado River, Habitat^chapter^:
^1977^Ohmart, Robert D.;Deason, W. O.;Burke, C.^Ohmart, Robert D, W.O. Deason & C. Burke (1977): Riparian Case History: The Colorado River. In: Symposium on the Importance, Preservation and Management of Riparian Habitat. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy & Dale A. Jones) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, GTR-RM43.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, 35-47. (Proceedings of the Symposium)^"Historically to present cottonwood communities have declined in abundance along the lower Colorado River to the condition that the future of this natural resource is precarious. Avain species showing strong specialization to cottonwood communities may be extirpated should the cottonwood community be lost from the river. Only through the concern and action by responsible agencies can we assure the persistance of this natural Resource."^Birds, Colorado River, Cottonwood-willow Forests, Dams, Species Decline, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1975^Ohmart, Robert D.;Deason, W. O.;Freeland, S. J.^Ohmart, Robert D, W.O. Deason & S.J. Freeland (1975): Dynamics of Marsh Land Formation and Succession Along the Lower Colorado River and Their Importance and Management Problems as Related to Wildlife in the Arid Southwest. In: Transactions of the 40th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference. , 240-251.^^Colorado River, Habitat, Wetlands, Wildlife^chapter^:
^1993^Ohmart, Robert D.;Zisner, Cindy D.^Ohmart, Robert D & Cindy D. Zisner (1993): Functions and Values of Riparian Habitat to Wildlife in Arizona: A Literature Review. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona.^^Bibliography, Riparian Areas, Wildlife^book^:
^1929^Ohnesorgen, William^Ohnesorgen, William (1929): Reminiscences. Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^^Agriculture, Anglos, Bridges, Journals, San Pedro River^other^:
^1913^Olberg, C. R.;Schanck, F. R.^Olberg, C.R. & F.R. Schanck (1913): Special Report on Irrigation and Flood Protection, Papago Indian Reservation, Arizona. 62nd Congress, 3rd Session, Senate Document # 436.^^Floods, Irrigation, Tohono O'odham^other^:
^1932^Oliver, Etta J.^Oliver, Etta J. (1932): Legends of the Hassayampa. Yavapai Magazine 22(13, April), 23-24.^^Hassayampa River, History^article^:
^1919^Olmstead, F. H.^Olmstead, F.H. (1919): Gila River Flood Control. (Senate Document, No. 436.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.c.^^Floods, Gila River^book^:
^1968^Olsen, Jr, RW^Olsen, Jr, RW (1968): Clem Powell and Kanab Creek. Diva 34(1), 41-50.^^Anglos, Biography, Kanab Creek^article^:
^1986^Olson, Thomas E.;Knopf, Fritz L.^Olson, Thomas E. & Fritz L. Knopf (1986): Naturalization of Russian-Olive in the Western United States. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 1(3, July), 65-69.^"Since its introduction into the United States, Russian-olive has escaped cultivation at many locations. This exotic tree is now present in every western state, especially within riparian zones. The species has high value for wildlife, but can interfere with agricultural practices and has the potential to displace native riparian Trees.^Russian Olive^article^:
^1977^Outdoor World (Ed.)^Outdoor World (Ed.) (1977):Rivers of North America. Outdoor World, Waukesha, Wisconsin.^^Colorado River, History^book^:
^1984^Owen-Joyce, S. J.^Owen-Joyce, S.J. (1984): Hydrology of a Stream-Aquifer System in the Camp Verde Area, Yavapai County, Arizona. (Arizona Water Commission Bulletin, No. 3.) Arizona Water Commission, Phoenix. 60 Pages.^^Camp Verde, Hydrology, Streamflow, Verde River, Yavapai County^book^:
^1954^Page,Donald W.^Page,Donald W. (1954):Writings of Donald W. Page, Regarding the City of Tucson. Arizona Historical Society, Tucson, Manuscript 641 - Samuel Hughes, Donald W. Page Folder. Information regarding the history of Tucson and the Santa Cruz River, including Page's article titled "Samuel Hughes Reminiscences, 1838-1885".^^Lakes, Santa Cruz River, Tucson^other^:
^1981^Paher, Stanley W.^Paher, Stanley W. (1981):Southwestern Arizona Ghost Towns. Nevada Publications, Las Vegas. 32 Pages.^^Bill Williams River, Colorado River, Gila River, Steamboats^book^:
^1976^Paher, Stanley W.^Paher, Stanley W. (1976): Colorado River Ghost Towns. Nevada Publications, Las Vegas. (In collaboration with Robert L.^Copied pages that deal mostly with steamers and Ferries.^Colorado River, Ferries, History, Mining, Steamboats^book^:
^1970^Paher, Stanley W.^Paher, Stanley W. (1970):Northwestern Arizona Ghost Towns. Nevada Publications, Las Vegas. 32 Pages.^^Bill Williams River, Colorado River, History^book^:
^1885^Palfrey, Lt Carl F.^Palfrey, Lt Carl F. (1885): Explorations and Surveys in the Department of Arizona - Report of Lt. Carl F. Palfrey. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington D.c.^^Anglos, Exploration, Military, Surveys^book^:
^1930^Pancoast, Charles^Pancoast, Charles (1930): A Quaker Forty-Niner: The Adventures of Charles Edward Pancoast on the American Frontier. (Series Ed: Hannum, Anna P.) University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.^^Anglos, Mining, Travel^book^:
^1930^Pancoast, Charles^Pancoast, Charles (1930):A Quaker Forty-Niner: The Adventures of Charles Edward Pancoast on the American Frontier. (Series Ed: Hannum, Anna P.) University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.^^Anglos, Mining, Santa Cruz River, Travel^book^:
^1985^Papago Tribe^Papago Tribe (1985): Tohono O'odham: History of the Desert People. University of Utah Printing Services, Salt Lake City.^The O'odham have their own history. That history is kept in stories and songs memorized by the people. O'odham elders teach the next generation the history and the ways of the people. The O'odham have also used calendar sticks to record their history. These are long sticks marked with symbols. These symbols are used by those who keep the sticks to aid them in remembering past events. After coming into O'odham country, non-Indians recorded part of O'odham history. Explorers, travelers, settlers, military personnel, government officials, anthropologists and historians have all written about the O'odham. They have written about their meetings with O'odham, about their observations of O'odham life and about their explanations for O'odham ways. This history of the O'odham includes information from all of these sources. O'odham oral hsitories and calendar sticks have been used. Non-Indian writings have been Consulted.^History, Tohono O'odham^book^:
^1857^Parke, J. G.^Parke, J.G. (1857): Report of Explorations for Railroad Routes. In: Explorations and Surveys to Ascertain the Most Practicable and Economical Route for a Railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. U.S. Congress, Senate Executive Document 78 ed. Vol. 7. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.c.^^Exploration, Railroads, Surveys^chapter^:
^1993^Parker, John T. C.^Parker, John T.C. (1993): Channel Change on the Santa Cruz River, Pima County, Arizona, 1936-1986. U.S. Geological Survey, Tucson, Arizona. (U.S.^The Santa Cruz River, an ephemeral river that drains 8, 581 square miles in southeastern Arizona, has a long history of channel isntability. Since the late 19th century, lateral channel erosion has caused extensive property damage, particularly in Pima County. During the flood of 1983, about $100 million damage was caused in the Tucson area alone; most damage resulted from bank erosion on the Santa Cruz River and its tributaries. Aerial photographs; interpretations of field observations; and published and unpublished geomorphic, topographic, geotechnical, and historical data were used to investigate channel change from 1936 through 1986 along a 70-mile reach of the Santa Cruz River in Pima County, Arizona. The nature, magnitude, location, and frequency of channel change on the Santa Cruz River have been highly variable in time and space. Three mechanisms of lateral channel change - meander migration, avulsion and meander cutoff, and channel widening - were identified on the Santa Cruz River. The dominant mechanism in a reach depends on channel morphology and flood magnitude. The dominante vertical change has been degradation, although alternating periods of aggradation and degradation have occurred at some sites. Vertical and lateral channel-change mechanisms operate in concert with bank-retreat mechanisms to produce widening of entrenched channel systems known as arroyos. The timing and magnitude of channel change at a particular location are controlled primarily by hydrologic and climatic factors such as magnitude, duration, intensity, and frequency of precipitation and floods. The location of channel change and its magnitude in response to a given discharge are controlled largely by topographic, geologic, hydraulic, and artificial factors. Although much of the present morphology of the Santa Cruz river is the result of recent large floods, a direct link between hydroclimatic conditions and channel change is not always evident because of the complicating effects of other controls. Although an appropriate model^Channel Change, Erosion, Floods, Geomorphology, Human Impact, Pima County, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1991^Parker, Kathleene^Parker, Kathleene (1991): The Only True People: A History of the Native Americans of the Colorado Plateau. Thunder Mesa Publishing, Moab, Utah. 84 Pages.^^Colorado Plateau, Colorado River, History, Indians^book^:
^1985^Parker, M.;Wood, Jr, FH;Smith, B. H.;Elder, R. G.^Parker, M., F.H. Wood, Jr, B.H. Smith & R.G. Elder (1985): Erosional Downcutting in Lower Order Riparian Ecosystems: Have Historical Changes been Caused by Removal of Beaver? In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.R., C.D. Ziebell., D.R. Patton, P.F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 35-38. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^^Beaver, Erosion, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1965^Parkhill, Forbes^Parkhill, Forbes (1965): The Blazed Trail of Antoine Leroux. Westernlore Press, Los Angeles.^^Anglos, Beaver, Exploration, Gila River, History, Trails/roads^book^:
^1987^Parkman, I. H.^Parkman, I.H. (1987): History of the Buckeye Canal. Buckeye Irrigation Co.^^Canals, History, Phoenix, Salt River^book^:
^1955^Parkman, I. H.^Parkman, I.H. (1955): Hassayampa Dam Disaster. Desert 18(11, November), 11-12.^Another good discussion of the dam collapse, with before and after Photos.^Dam Collapse, Hassayampa River, Walnut Grove Dam^article^:
^1859^Parry, C. C.^Parry, C.C. (1859): Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey. A.O.P. Nicholson, Washington, D. C.^^Exploration, Mexico, Mexico-arizona Boundary, Surveys^book^:
^1977^Pase, Charles P.;Layser, Earle F.^Pase, Charles P. & Layser, Earle F. (1977): Classification of Riparian Habitat in the Southwest. In: The Importance, Preservation and Management of the Riparian Habitat. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy & Dale A. Jones) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, GTR-RM43.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, 5-18. (Proceedings of the Symposium)^The riparian areas in Arizona and New Mexico are uniquely productive wildlife habitats. A tentative classification based on the work of Brown and Lowe is proposed as a working model. Six biomes, nine series and 23 associations are tentatively recognized. Additional research is proposed to further refine the classification. The classification of riparian vegetation can provide a strong management Tool.^Classification, Ecosystems, Habitat, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1962^Patch, Joseph D.^Patch, Joseph D. (1962): Reminiscences of Fort Huachuca, Arizona. Manuscript on file at the Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, Fort Huachuca, Military, San Pedro River^other^:
^1903^Patrick, H. R.^Patrick, H.R. (1903): The Ancient Canal Systems and Pueblos of the Salt River Valley, Arizona. Phoenix Free Museum, Phoenix, Arizona. (Bulletin No. 1)^"The works of antiquity have been investigated and studied in many countries and volumes have been written, descriptive of these researches, by explorers, historians and scientists of nearly all civilized nations, and yet there remain new and extensive fields for the antiquarian within the boundaries of the United States that would undoubtedly be of great intrest to the scientific world, and furnish great treasures for the museums of Natural History and the scientific explorer. The great southwest region, from the western boundary of Texas westward to the Pacific Coast, and from the southern boundary of Utah and Colorado south to the International line and on far into Mexico, now a vast region of broad, uninhabited deserts broken here and there with sharp peaked and rugged mountain ranges, equally barren of resources that would not invite the settlement and occupancy of the white man, yet dotted throughout with ruins of ancient cities, temples, fortressees, cliff dwellings, and extensive systems of irrigating canals, unmistakable evidences of the former existence of a populous and intelligent race of people of whom there remains no one to tell of their origin or their epoch in the world's history, not even a legend to tell us of their numbers, their color, their stature or their state of Civilization.^Archaeology, Canals, Hohokam, Maricopa County, Salt River^book^:
^1994^Patten, Duncan T.^Patten, Duncan T. (1994): Determination of Interim Flows From Glen Canyon Dam to Protect Downstream Ecosystems in the Grand Canyon. Unpublished Manuscript from the Center for Environmental Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe.^Construction of Glen Canyon Dam created controlled discharges that caused changes in the downstream ecosystem. In 1991 interim operations (interim flows) were established to prevent continued downstream degradation during the period in which an EIS was being prepared on alternative dam operations. Interim flows were recommended by the Commissioner of the Bureau of Reclamation primarily based on scientific input. The expert opinion about the response of the canyon riverine attributes to various discharge parameters including sedmiment, biology, recreation and cultural Resources.^Colorado River, Ecosystems, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon, Human Impact^other^:
^1970^Patten, Duncan T.;Judd, B. I.^Patten, Duncan T. & B.I. Judd (1970): The Role of Wet Meadows as Wildlife Habitat in the Southwest. Journal of Range Management 23, 272-275.^^Habitat, Meadows, Wetlands, Wildlife^article^:
^1962^Pattie, J. O.^Pattie, James Ohio (1962): The Personal Narrative of James Ohio Pattie. Lippincott, Philadelphia.^^Anglos, Beaver, Bill Williams River, Biography, Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Hunting/fishing/trapping, Salt River, San Francisco River, San Pedro River^book^:
^1975^Patton, D. R.;Ffolliott, P. A.^Patton, D.R. & P.A. Ffolliott (1975): Selected Bibliography of Wildlife and Habitats for the Southwest. (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-16.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ft. Collins, Co.^^Bibliography, Habitat, Wildlife^book^:
^1963^Patzman, Stephen N.^Patzman, Stephen N. (1963): Louis John Frederick Jaeger: Entrepreneur of the Colorado River. Arizoniana 4(1, Spring), 31-36.^^Anglos, Biography, Colorado River, Ferries, Yuma^article^:
^1961^Paulsen Jr., Harold A.; Ares, Fred N.^Paulsen Jr., Harold A.; Ares, Fred N. (1961):Trends in Carrying Capacity and Vegetation on an Arid Southwestern Range. Journal of Range Management 14(2, March), 78-83.^Cattle ranchers of the Southwest are confronted with an ever-changing forage resource. This means that they must make continual adjustments in their ranch operations. It is not easy to sell all or part of a herd that has been developed through years of selective breeding and care. However, pressure to do so often faces the southwestern rancher. In addition, there are insidious changes in the range vegetation that are not apparent except where they have been carefully documented by objective, long-term records. Some of these fluctuations and changes that have taken place on one range area are described Herein.^Cattle, Climate, Grazing, Ranching, Vegetation^article^:
^1974^Paylore, P.^Paylore, P. (Ed.) (1974): Phreatophyte, a Bibliography: Revised. USDI, Water Resources Scientific Information Center, Office of Water Resources Research, Washington, D. C. 277 Pages.^^Bibliography, Phreatophytes^book^:
^1935^Payne, Harry L.^Payne, Harry L. (1930s): How the Forests of Mt. Graham Were Saved From Exploitation. Federal Writers' Project; Manuscript from Arizona State Archives, Phoenix.^^Forests/woodlands, Mount Graham, Preservation^other^:
^1914^Pearson, G. A.^Pearson, G.A. (1914): The Role of Aspen in the Reforestation of Mountain Burns in Arizona and New Mexico. Plant World 17, 249-260.^^Fire, Restoration, Vegetation^article^:
^1987^Pearthree, M. S.;Baker, V. R.^Pearthree, M.S. & V.R. Baker (1987): Channel Change Along the Rillito Creek System of South-eastern Arizona, 1941-1983. (Arizona Geological Survey Special Paper, No. 6.) Geological Survey, Tucson. 58 Pages.^^Channel Change, Rillito^book^:
^1935^Perry, Robert B.^Perry, Robert B. (1930s): Game Census on National Forests in Arizona. Manuscript of the Federal Writers Project, on file at the Arizona State Archives, Phoenix. (History of Grazing)^"The following selected game census is the estimate of rangers, range management and forest wardens and graziers of the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, and is a comparative statement for the years 1930 to 1939, Inclusive:".^Forests/woodlands, Surveys, Wildlife^other^:
^1967^Peterson, C. S.^Peterson, C.S. (1967): Settlement on the Little Colorado, 1873-1900: A Study of the Processes and Institutions of Mormon Expansion. MS Thesis, University of Utah, Logan.^^Anglos, Little Colorado River, Mormons^other^:
^1973^Peterson, Charles S.^Peterson, Charles S. (1973): Take Up Your Mission: Mormon Colonizing Along the Little Colorado River 1870-1900. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.^^Agriculture, Anglos, Dam Collapse, Dams, Little Colorado River, Mormons^book^:
^1950^Peterson, H. V.^Peterson, H.V. (1950): The Problem of Gullying in Western Valleys. In: Applied Sedimentation. (Ed: Trask, P.D.) Wiley Press, New York, 407-434.^^Erosion^chapter^:
^1962^Peterson, H. V.;Branson, F. A.^Peterson, H.V. & F.A. Branson (1962): Effects of Land Treatments on Erosion and Vegetation on Range Lands in Parts of Arizona and New Mexico. Journal of Range Management 15, 220-226.^^Erosion, Grazing, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1968^Peterson, Ottis^Peterson, Ottis (1968):The Story of a Bureau. Journal of the West 7, 84-95.^^Colorado River, Dams, History, Irrigation^article^:
^1948^Peterson, Roger Tory^Peterson, Roger Tory (1948): Birds Over America. Dodd, Mead & Company, New York.^^Birds^book^:
^1955^Peterson, Willis^Peterson, Willis (1955): Arizona's Operation Beaver Lift. National Geographic (May), 666-668, 677-680.^^Beaver^article^:
^1953^Peterson, Willis^Peterson, Willis (1953): Beaver Lift. Arizona Highways (May), 8-17.^^Beaver^article^:
^1940^Phillips, A. R.^Phillips, A.R. (1940): Edgar Alexander Mearns (1856-1916), Pioneer Northern Arizona Naturalist. Plateau 13(1), 1-5.^^Anglos, Biography, Wildlife^article^:
^1964^Phillips, A. R.;Marshall, J. T.;Monson, Gale^Phillips, A.R., J.T. Marshall & Gale Monson (1964): The Birds of Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 212 Pages.^^Birds, Handbook/field Guide^book^:
^1986^Phillips, Jr, David A.;Breternitz, Cory Dale^Phillips, Jr, David A. & Cory Dale Breternitz (1986): Archaeology of the Ak-Chin Indian Community West Side Farms Project: Research Design. (Series Eds: Phillips, Jr, David A., Cory Dale Breternitz & W.Bruce Masse. Soil Systems Publications in Archaeology, Number 9, Volume 1.) Soil Systems, Phoenix.^"This volume, based on a technical proposal by Soil Systems, Inc. and New World Research, Inc., describes the research orientation and basic field and laboratory methods to be used during the Ak Chin Archaeological Data Recovery Project. The project is designed to study the cultural resources of the western half of the Ak Chin Community's lands, which are scheduled for intensive agricultural development using waters from the Central Arizona Project. The volume includes a discussion of the natural and cultural setting of the project (Chapters 1 and 2), with an emphasis on the Hohokam and historic Papago occupation documented during a prior survey of the area. A problem orientation is defined (Chapter 3), in which the basic research them is Ak Chin as a Holocene ecosystem. A fundamental assumption of this research theme is that Ak Chin has been used as a floodwater farming location for many centuries. The project's problem domains and research questions focus on the physical (geomorphological), biological, and cultural subsystems within the Ak Chin ecosystem. The regional implications of the research are also considred to be a basic problem domain. The final chapter describes the project's methodological approach (Chapter 4). After evaluation of the existing sample, a multiple approach to data recovery is defined. This approach includes (1) non-site field studies; (2) site re-recording and surface testing; (3) backhoe testing; (4) excavation; and (5) ethnohistoric research. Basic field and in-house analytical procedures are also discussed. An appendix to the volume includes examples of field forms used during the data recovery Project."^Agriculture, Ak-chin Indian Community, Archaeology, Canals, Hohokam, Surveys, Tohono O'odham^book^:
^1982^Phillips, Jr, David A.;Rozen, Kenneth^Phillips, Jr, David A. & Kenneth Rozen (1982): The Effects of Inundation on Cultural Resources in Painted Rock Reservoir, Arizona: An Assessment. (Arizona State Museum Archaeological Series, No. 149.) Cultural Resource Management Division, Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson. 145 Pages.^^Culture, Floods, Human Impact, Painted Rocks Dam^book^:
^1920^Phoenix Chamber of Commerce^Phoenix Chamber of Commerce (1920): Phoenix, the Salt River Valley and Arizona Today. Phoenix Chamber of Commerce, Phoenix.^^Description, Phoenix, Salt River^book^:
^1908^Phoenix Chamber of Commerce^Phoenix Chamber of Commerce (1908): The Salt River Valley - Questions Answered. Phoenix Chamber of Commerce, Phoenix.^^Description, Phoenix, Salt River^book^:
^1888^Phoenix Chamber of Commerce^Phoenix Chamber of Commerce (1888): The Salt River Valley - Its Attractions for the Immigrant, Capitalist, etc. Phoenix Chamber of Commerce, Phoenix.^^Description, Phoenix, Salt River^book^:
^1957^Pierson, Lloyd^Pierson, Lloyd (1957): A Short History of Camp Verde, Arizona. El Palacio 64(11-12), 323-339.^^Camp Verde, History, Military, Verde River^article^:
^1995^Pima Association of Governments^Pima Association of Governments (1995):Data on population trends in Pima County. Facsimile provided by Gail Kushner, Pag.^^Pima County, Population, Tucson^other^:
^1983^Pimentel, R.;Bulkley, R. V.^Pimentel, R. & R.V. Bulkley(1983): Concentrations of Total Dissolved Solids Preferred or Avoided by Endangered Colorado River Fishes. American Fisheries Society Transcripts 112(5), 595-600.^^Colorado River, Endangered Species, Fish, Water Quality^article^:
^1991^Pimeria Alta Historical Society^Pimeria Alta Historical Society (1991): Voices from the Pimeria Alta. Pimeria Alta Historical Society, Nogales, Arizona.^We have a compulsion to tell of the past that shaped our lives and destinies, and of the present, molded by the past. The Pimeria Alta's present also needs to be interpreted in light of the rapid changes occurring this century, especially with the influx of people and ideas of a highly technical age. The area known as the Pimeria Alta (land of the upper Pimas) was traveled extensively by Father Kino, three hundred years ago. Its boundaries extend from the Rio Concepcion and Rio Sonora in the south, to the Gila River in the north; and from the San Pedro River Valley in the east to the Gulf of California and the Colorado River in the west. This area is some 50, 000 square miles, and represents southern Arizona and northern Sonora.^Colorado River, Gila River, Missions, Pimeria Alta, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Sonora, Spanish^book^:
^1962^Pinart, A. L.^Pinart, A.L. (1962): Journey to Arizona in 1876. Zamorano Club, Los Angeles.^^Anglos, Exploration, Gila River, Journals, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1904^Plummer, F. G.^Plummer, F.G. (1904): Forest Conditions in the Black Mesa Forest Reserve, Arizona. Professional Paper 23 ed. U.S. Geological Survey, Washington D.C.^Drainage, agriculture, mines, grazing, trees, water Supply.^Blue River, Colorado Plateau, Forests/woodlands, Fossil Creek, Gila River, Little Colorado River, Salt River, San Francisco Mountains, San Francisco River, Verde River, White Mountains^book^:
^1980^Poglayen, Inge;Helms, Christopher^Poglayen, Inge & Christopher Helms(1980): The Beaver: Nature's Premier Conservationist. Sonorensis (Summer), 5-12.^^Beaver^article^:
^1960^Pontifico Atoneo Antonio^Pontifico Atoneo Antonio (1960): Documents Relating to Pimeria Alta, 1767-1800. Inventory of Documents in the Fr. Marcellino da Carezza College, Rome. Speical Collection, University of Arizona Library, Tucson. 41 Pages.^^Bibliography, History, Pimeria Alta, Spanish^book^:
^1956^Porter, B. A.^Porter, B.A. (1956): Little Colorado River Settlements: Brigham City, Joseph City, Obed, and Sunset. Arizona State College, Tempe. (MS Thesis)^The four settlements discussed in this study were the first of many such communities established in what is now Arizona by the Mormon church. The hardy pioneers who arrived on the banks of the Little Colorado river in March of 1876, were the vanguard of a migration from Utah that was to play a very important part in the settlement and development of Arizona, and particularly the northern and eastern sections of the State.^Agriculture, Anglos, Little Colorado River, Mormons^book^:
^1901^Potter, Albert F.^Potter, Albert F. (c. 1901):A Brief History of the Cattle Business in Apache County, Arizona. Manuscript from Special Collections Library, University of Arizona, NA9791.P86b.^Previous to 1876 there were practically no cattle in this section except a small band in the vicinity of Show Low owned by a half-breed Indian, who later sold his interests to C.E. Cooley, a former scout with General Crook; and a few small bands belonging to the Mexican settlers on the Littlc Colorado River. In 1876 the Mormon settlers commenced bringing small bands of cattle from Utah and Texas. In 1881, with the advent of the building of the Atlantic and Pacific R.R., a few settlers came from California and Texas and embarked in the cattle business. Previous to this time there had been no market for beef steers except the local consumption and the supply for the Military Post and Indian Agency at Camp Apache.^Cattle, Sheep, Tonto National Forest^other^:
^1995^Powell Consortium^Powell Consortium (1995):Severe Sustained Drought: Managing the Colorado River System in Times of Water Shortage. (Powell Consortium Publications, No. 1.) Powell Consortium, Arizona Water Resources Research Center, Tucson, Arizona. (Reprinted with permission from: The Water Resources Bulletin, Vol. 31, No. 5, October 1995)^The Colorado River in the southwestern United States is one of the most highly regulated and heavily utilized river systems in the world. It supplies water for domestic, agricultural, industrial, recreation, hydroelectric, ecological, and aesthetic purposes to seven states and two countries. It directly supplies part or all of the drinking water for over 30 million people and the interdependencies of its other uses have direct or indirect effects on addtional tens of millions of people. considerations about managing the Colorado River system range from maintaining bountiful agricultural production to maintaining endangered species found nowhere else. It is what the Powell Consortium has termed a mega-scale water supply and distribution system. Its management involves state, interstate, national, and international legal and institutional arrangements. This monograph sets forth results of a multi- and interdisciplinary research project begun inthe early 1980s and completed in 1994. It has a complex and difficult funding history ranging from contributions of several hundred thousands of dollars by some federal programs down to a few hundred dollars from local funding sources. The study is about the nemesis of water supply systems in arid regions of the world - drought. The project has had a variety of titles - depending on timing and source of funds - but has become known collectively as the Sever Sustained Drought (SSD) study. It represents an effort to develop and understand the potential ramifications of drought in the Colorado River as we know it today. It stands as an example of much-needed attention to long-term planning for our water resources. Before you read individual papers - and we encourage you to read them all - a little perspective is perhaps in order. ...^Canals, Colorado River, Drought, Water Management, Water Supply^book^:
^1987^Powell, Bernard W.^Powell, Bernard W. (1987): Were These America's First Ecologists? Journal of the West 26(3), 17-25.^American Indians have been greatly romanticized and misrepresented by the Whites who displaced them across this Continent. Two distorted views of the Indian date at least to the late nineteenth century, when they were noted in guilt complexes of Americans by early psychiatrists of the Vienna School.^Ecology, Indians^article^:
^1981^Powell, H. M. T.^Powell, H.M.T. (1981): The Santa Fe Trail to California 1849-1852. (Series Ed: Watson, Douglas S.) Sol Lewis, New York.^^Anglos, Exploration, Trails/roads^book^:
^1961^Powell, John Wesley^Powell, John Wesley (1961): The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons. Dover Publications, Inc., New York.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Exploration, Journals^book^:
^1979^Powell, Lawrence Clark^Powell, Lawrence Clark (1979): The River Between. Capra Press, Santa Barbara.^^Rivers^book^:
^1980^Powell, Lawrence Clark;Collier, Michael;Babbitt, Bruce E.^Powell, Lawrence Clark, Michael Collier & Bruce E. Babbitt (1980): Where Water Flows: The Rivers of Arizona. Northland Press, Flagstaff.^^Colorado River, Dams, Description, Gila River, History, Little Colorado River, Salt River, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Verde River^book^:
^1931^Powell,H. M. T.^Powell,H. M. T. (1931):The Santa Fe Trail to California, 1849-1852: The Journal and Drawings of H.M.T. Powell. (Series Ed: Watson,Douglas Sloane.) Book Club of California, San Francisco, California. 272 Pages.^^Boats, Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1986^Prescott Courier^Prescott Courier (1986): Gila River Bridge at Florence Built. Prescott Courier (February 27).^^Bridges, Florence, Gila River^article^:
^1986^Prescott Courier^Prescott Courier (1986): Cherry Creek Mine. Prescott Courier (April 7).^^Bill Williams River, Mining^article^:
^1986^Pucherelli, M. J.^Pucherelli, M.J. (1986): Evaluation of Riparian Vegetative Trends in the Grand Canyon Using Multitemporal Remote Sensing Techniques. Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Technical Report.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Vegetation Change^other^:
^1965^Pumpelly, Raphael^Pumpelly, Raphael (1870): Across America and Asia. Leypoldt & Holt, New York.^^Anglos, Exploration, Mining^book^:
^1870^Pumpelly, Raphael^Pumpelly, Raphael (1965): Pumpelly's Arizona. Palo Verde Press, Tucson, Arizona.^^Anglos, Exploration, Journals^book^:
^1989^Purvis, Louis L.^Purvis, Louis L. (1989): The Ace in the Hole - A brief History of Company 818 of the Civilian Conservation Corps. Brentwood Christian Press, Columbus, GA. 142 Pages.^^Colorado River, Construction, Grand Canyon, Restoration^book^:
^1988^Putman, Frank;Mitchell, Kim;Bushner, Greg^Putman, Frank, Kim Mitchell & Greg Bushner (1988): Water Resources of the Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona. Arizona Department of Water Resources, Hydrology Division, Phoenix.^^San Pedro River, Water Supply^book^:
^1923^Ransome, F. L.^Ransome, F.L. (1923): Ancient High-Level Potholes Near the Colorado River. Science 57, 593.^^Colorado River, Geology^article^:
^1983^Rea, Amadeo M.^Rea, Amadeo M. (1983): Once a River: Bird Life and Habitat Changes on the Middle Gila. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Birds, Coolidge Dam, Environmental Change, Gila River, Human Impact, Species Decline, Water Loss^book^:
^1977^Rea, Amadeo M.^Rea, Amadeo M. (1977): Historical changes in the Avifauna of the Gila River Indian Reservation, Central Arizona. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson. 346 P.^^Birds, Gila River, Human Impact, Species Decline^other^:
^1976^Rea, Amadeo M.^Rea, Amadeo M. (1976): Migrational and Distributional Data of Migratory Birds. In: Annual Report of the Chief Scientist of the National Park Service, 1975. U.S. National Park Service, Washington, D. C.^^Birds, Migration^chapter^:
^1983^Rea, Amadeo M. et al.^Rea, Amadeo M. et al. (1983): Sonoran Desert Oases: Plants, Birds, and Native People. Environment Southwest No. 503, pages 5-9.^^Birds, Indians, Sonoran Desert, Vegetation^other^:
^1973^Ready, Alma^Ready, Alma (1973): Open Range and Hidden Silver. Alto Press, Nogales, Arizona.^Long before the word 'ecology' became part of the popular jargon, those who enjoyed living close to the world of nature understood that to maintain such a world, they must keep it uncrowded. Most residents of Arizona's little Santa Cruz County, deeply aware of the pastoral charm of its river valleys, the spectacular beauty of its rugged back country, and the wonderful sweep of its range lands, always have preferred not to advertise its attractions. Now that the area has been 'discovered' they are hoping that developers of vast land tracts in both of its principal valleys will be able to fulfill their declared intention to preserve the natural beauty of the Land.^Cattle, Mining, Preservation, Ranching, Santa Cruz County, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1924^Reagan, A. B.^Reagan, A.B. (1924): Recent changes in the Plateau Region. Science 60, 283-285.^^Colorado Plateau, Environmental Change^article^:
^1907^Redway, J. W.^Redway, J.W. (1907): The Vagaries of the Colorado River. Scottish Geographical Magazine 23, 360-363.^^Colorado River^article^:
^1977^Reed, Bill^Reed, Bill (1977): The Last Bugle Call: A History of Fort McDowell, Arizona Territory, 1865-1890. McClain Printing Company, Parsons, Wv.^^Fort Mcdowell, History, Military, Verde River^book^:
^1949^Reeve, F. O.^Reeve, F.O. (1949): War and Peace: Two Arizona Diaries (of the Woolsey Expedition, 1864). New Mexico Historical Review 24, 95-129.^^Anglos, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Exploration^article^:
^1984^Reichenbacher, F. W.^Reichenbacher, F.W. (1984): Ecology and Evolution of Southwestern Riparian Plant Communities. Desert Plants 6, 15-22.^^Ecology, Environmental Change, Native Species, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1978^Reichhardt, Karen L.;Schladweiler, B.;Stelling, John L.^Reichhardt, Karen L., B. Schladweiler & John L. Stelling (1978): An Inventory of Riparian Habitats Along the San Pedro River. Office of Arid Land Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Habitat, Riparian Areas, San Pedro River, Surveys^book^:
^1858^Reid, John C.^Reid, John C. (1858): Reid's Tramp, or a Journal of the Incidents of Ten Months Travel Through Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Sonora, and California. John Hardy & Co., Selma, Alabama.^^Agriculture, Anglos, Exploration, Gila River, Indians, Journals, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1987^Reilly,P. T.^Reilly,P. T. (1987):Norman Nevills: Whitewater Man of the West. Utah Historical Quarterly 55(2), 181-200.^"Norman Daview Nevills was not the first commercial operator on the Coloardo River and he was not a native of Utah, but he popularized the running of western whitewater and made Mexcian Hat, Utah, - population less than ten - the capital of the river runner's world during the 1940s."^Boats, Colorado River^article^:
^1993^Reisner, Mark^Reisner, Mark (1993): Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water. 2nd ed. Penguin Books, New York City. 582 Pages.^^Canals, Colorado River, Dams, Gila River, Water Supply^book^:
^1978^Remick, W. H.^Remick, W.H. (1978): Bibliography of Selected Reports on Groundwater in Arizona. Arizona Department of Water Resources, Phoenix.^^Bibliography, Groundwater^book^:
^1983^Renner, Pamela^Renner, Pamela (1983): La Paz: Gateway to Territorial Arizona. Journal of Arizona History 24, 119-144. (N)^^Colorado River, History, La Paz, Travel^article^:
^1968^Ressler, John Q.^Ressler, John Q. (1968):Indian and Spanish Water Control on New Spain's Northwest Frontier. Journal of the West 7, 10-17.^Any student of western history is necessarily aware of the phenomenon of irrigation. He may or may not be aware of its effect n the landscape and the inhabitants of a region. A geographer examining an irrigation system would look first at two salient aspects: the technology of the system, and who built it and who is using it. The inter-action of these two, through time, results in an irrigation landscape. It is, in fact, the landscape of that system. Any change in either of these aspects may result in a change of landscape however slight. Such changes in landscape hold historical significance and a particular fascination to some Scholars.^Colorado Plateau, Indians, Irrigation, Spanish^article^:
^1992^Reveal, J. L.^Reveal, J.L. (1992): Gentle Conquest: The Botanical Discovery of North America with Illustrations from the Library of Congress. Starwood Publishing Inc., Washington, D. C.^^Botany, Exploration^book^:
^1991^Rhoads, B. L.^Rhoads, B.L. (1991): Impact of Agricultural Development on Regional Drainage in the Lower Santa Cruz Valley, Arizona, U.S.A. Geology and Water Sciences 18, 119-135.^The effects of human activities on the regional drainage patterns in the lower Santa Cruz Valley of south-central Arizona are Reported.^Agriculture, Human Impact, Santa Cruz River^article^:
^1974^Rice, R. J.^Rice, R.J. (1974): Terraces and Abandoned Channels of the Little Colorado River Between Leupp and Cameron, Arizona. Plateau 46(3), 102-119.^Between Leupp and Cameron, Arizona, there are at least ten places where the Little Colorado River has shifted its course and left evidence of its former route in an abandoned channel. The form of these channels is described, together with the nature of the infill deposits. It is suggested that the changes of course were due to a variety of causes and occurred at several different periods. In order to establish the chronology of abandonment, the terraces of the Little Colorado River are described and related to the former courses of the River.^Channel Change, Geomorphology, Little Colorado River^article^:
^1911^Rich, J. L.^Rich, J.L. (1911): Recent Stream Trenching in the Semi-Arid Portion of Southwestern New Mexico, a Result of Removal of Vegetation Cover. American Journal of Science 32, 237-245.^^Arroyos, Channel Change, Erosion, Human Impact^article^:
^1960^Rich, L. R.^Rich, L.R. (1960): Water Yields from the Brush and Oak-Woodland Region of Arizona. In: Water Yield in Relation to Environment in the Southwestern United States. (Eds: Warnock, B.H. & J.L Gardner.) AAAS, Alpine, Texas, 28-38.^^Oaks, Shrubs, Uplands, Water Supply, Watershed^chapter^:
^1956^Rich, L. R.^Rich, L.R. (1956): Relation of Plant Cover to Watershed Management. Arizona Cattlelog 11(12, August), 34-36.^The classic controversy whether plants increase or decrease water supplies, like most things we argue about, cannot be settled by a plain 'yes' or 'no' answer. Too much depends on the kind of plant cover, climate, topography, soil, and other highly variable factors. It is common knowledge that plants grow only when provided with water and that some plants require more water than others. From this obvious fact, one is tempted to conclude that removing plant cover will cause more water to reach the stream. Yielding to this temptation neglects what experience has taught about many a slip between cup and lip. All that we should conclude is that removal of plants results in less water use by plants. That could mean that there will be more moisture in the soil, and that more moisture in the soil increases the chance for seepage flow through the soil when the next rain comes. Except - and this is a big except - that evaporation goes right on with or without plants and, except for deep soils can, given time, dry the soil just as dry or drier without plants as with Them.^Grazing, Vegetation, Watershed^article^:
^1990^Richter, Brian;Patten, Duncan T.;Stromberg, Juliet C.^Richter, Brian, Duncan T. Patten & Juliet C. Stromberg (1990): Evaluating the Role of Flooding in a Southwestern Riparian System. Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest 20, 75-82.^"A methodology of analyzing the influence of floods on riparian systems to vegetative modelling and a flood hydraulics simulator is Described."^Floods, Riparian Areas, Vegetation^article^:
^1993^Richter, Holly E.^Richter, Holly E. (1993): Development of a Conceptual Model for Floodplain Restoration in a Desert Riparian System. Arid Lands Newsletter 32, 13-17.^^Floodplain, Restoration, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1930^Ridley, Henry N.^Ridley, Henry N. (1930): The Dispersal of Plants Throughout the World. L. Reeve & Co., Ltd., Ashford, Kent.^Chapter IX - "Methods by which Alien Plants are commonly introduced by Man-Dispersal of Weeds in Cereals and Vegetable Seed-in Dust Carts, etc.-London Building sites-Ballast, Soil Export, Transport of Road Material, Fodder-Plants introduced in Packing Material-Drug and Dye Plants-Some interesting Cases of Dispersal by Human Agency-conclusion."^Exotic Species, Plant Geography^book^:
^1987^Riley, C. L.^Riley, C.L. (1987): The Frontier People: The Greater Southwest in the Protohistoric Period. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.^^Archaeology, Exploration, History, Human Impact, Settlement^book^:
^1976^Riley, Carroll L.^Riley, Carroll L. (1976): 16th Century Trade in the Greater Southwest. (Mesoamerican Studies, No. 10.) Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.^^History, Indians, Spanish, Trade^book^:
^1995^Riley, Larry^Riley, Larry (1995): A River of Hope: Glen Canyon EIS Update. Arizona Wildlife Views 38(3, March), 8-9.^A lot is changing in the management of the Colorado river through Grand Canyon - I think. The last time I wrote an article like this for Arizona Wildlife Views, 'A River of Discontent', September 1991, the battles were still raging. I'm not sure that they have stopped, but they have quieted down. In 1989, the Secretary of the Interior responded to a great deal of public concern over the operation of Glen Canyon Dam, and announced that an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) would be prepared to analyze options for operation of the dam. The reason for the concern was easy to understand - Glen Canyon Dam is the spigot that controls the Colorado River as it flows through the Grand Canyon.^Colorado River, Environmental Change, Glen Canyon Dam^article^:
^1979^Riley, Laura;Riley, William^Riley, Laura & William Riley (1979): Guide to National Wildlife Refuges. Anchor Press/Doubleday, Garden City, New York.^^Colorado River, Handbook/field Guide, Recreation, Refuges/preserves, Wildlife^book^:
^1973^Ringland, A.;Ingersoll, F.^Ringland, A. & F. Ingersoll (1973): Pioneering in Southwest Forestry. Journal of Forest History 17, 4-11.^^Forests/woodlands, Logging^article^:
^1993^Rinne, J. N.^Rinne, J.N. (1993): A Wildlife Viewpoint-Southwestern Riparian-Stream Areas: Habitats for Fishes. In: Riparian Management: Common Threads and Shared Interests, Proceedings of the Symposium. (Eds: Tellman, Barbara, Hanna J. Cortner., Mary G. Wallace, Leonard F. DeBano & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-226.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 46-51.^The purpose of this paper was to describe the components of riparian-stream areas and their importance as habitats from the viewpoint of fishes, and the nature of change in aquatic habitats on Fishes.^Ecosystems, Fish, Habitat, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1975^Rinne, J. N.^Rinne, J.N. (1925): Chanes in Minnow Populations in a Small Desert Stream, Resulting from Naturally and Artificially Induced Factors. The Southwestern Naturalist 20, 185-195.^^Fish, Human Impact, Indians, Species Decline^article^:
^1991^Rinne, John N.; Minckley, W. L.^Rinne, John N.; Minckley, W. L. (1991):Native Fishes of Arid Lands: A Dwindling Resource of the Desert Southwest. (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-206.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado. 45 pages.^Native freshwater fishes of the desert Southwest are disappearing. Fishes obviously require water, scarce in the past in this vast arid zone, and even more so now with burgeioning human populations. As a result, this relatively small, special group of animals has fallen on hard Times.^Extinctions/extirpations, Fish, Human Impact, Population Decline^book^:
^1896^Rio Verde Canal Company^Rio Verde Canal Company (1896): Alfalfa in the Salt River Valley, Arizona. Rio Verde Canal Company, Phoenix. 24 Pages.^^Agriculture, Salt River^book^:
^1995^Riper III, Charles van (Ed.)^Riper III, Charles van (Ed.) (1995):Proceedings of the Second Biennial Conference on Research in Colorado Plateau National Parks. (Transactions and Proceedings Series, NPS/NRNAU/NRTP-95/11.) National Park Service, Cooperative Park Studies Unit, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. 305 pages.^The papers in this volume are contributions from National Biological Service (NBS) scientists, university students, and resource managers throughout the Colorado Plateau. The focus of all studies in this volume is on providing baseline scientific information on the physical, cultural, and natural resources of the Colorado Plateau. Support for these studies came from a myriad of federal, state, and private partners concerned about the well-being of the Plateau's resources. . . ." [H. Ronald Pulliam, Director, National Biological Service, from the Foreword]^Anthology/proceedings, Colorado Plateau^book^:
^1990^Rivers West Incorporated; Water and Environmental Systems Technology Incorporated^Rivers West Incorporated; Water and Environmental Systems Technology Incorporated (1990):Water Resources Assessment: Bill Williams Unit, Havasu National Wildlife Refuge. (Prepared for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) Rivers West, Inc. & Water and Environmental Systems Technology, Inc., Denver, Colorado. 89 + figures pages.^The Bill Williams River Management Unit, Havasu National Wildlife Refuge, Havasu National Wildlife Refuge, was established as a refuge and breeding ground for migratory birds and other wildlife. Riparian vegetation and the open surface waters of the Bill Williams River are the principle components of this unique desert habitat, and support an abundance and diversity of wildlife, including fish. In recent years, baseflows in the Bill Williams River have been markedly reduced due to upstream water development. This report quantifies the changes in stream flows in the Refuge which have resulted from the combined effects of the construction and operation of Alamo Dam and consumptive uses of water, principally from the aquifer which underlays the Planet Ranch. It then establishes quantities of flows in the Refuge necessary to maintain the outstanding riparian and aquatic habitats which resulted int he original establishment of the Refuge. Finally, the report evaluates the opportunities afforded the Refuge to secure legal entitlement to instream flows. The development and evaluation of water management alternatives which will permit the Refuge to achieve its instream flow needs goes beyond the scope of this assessment, but will be shown to necessarily involve both the operation of Alamo Dam and the upstream consumptive use of river underflow - particularly from the aquifer underlying the Planet Ranch.^Bill Williams River, Refuges/preserves, Water Supply^book^:
^1940^Robbins, W. W.^Robbins, W. W. (1940):Alien Plants Growing Without Cultivation in California. (Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 637.) College of Agriculture, University of California, Berkeley. 128 pages.^The alien-plant population of a state situated like California is of interest to the plant ecologist, the plant geographer, and, above all, the agriculturist. The introduction and migration of species, the agencies causing and facilitating their movement, the behavior of the migrants in the new environment and their influence upon it, the interaction between them and the native species, and finally the effect upon agriculture - these are among the chief considerations in a study of alien Plants.^Exotic Species, Plant Geography^book^:
^1981^Roberts, Horn;Chen^Roberts, Horn & Chen (1981): Impact of Gravel Mining on the Salt River Channel at the I-10 Bridge. Prepared for the Arizona Department of Transportation, Phoenix.^^Channel Change, Mining, Phoenix, Salt River, Sand & Gravel^book^:
^1910^Robertson, James A.^Robertson, James A. (1910): List of documents in Spanish archives, University of Arizona Library, relating to the history of the U.S. which have been printed or of which transcripts are present in American libraries. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C. 368 Pages.^^Bibliography, Spanish^book^:
^1893^Robinson, Lieut R.^Robinson, Lieut R. (1893): Adrift in a Desert. Californian Illustrated Magazine 5(December), 105-114. (On file at Arizona Historical Foundation, Tempe)^To-day no country on the American continent is less known than that lying about the mouth of the Colorado River, and for four hundred miles south on either shore of the Gulf of California. The ill fortune of the early missionaries, the supersitions on the Indians who once inhabited portions of it, and the fact that it is surrounded by salt water and desert, making it extremely dangerous to enter, are all conducive to the mystery and ignorance that mantles it. If one will look on the maps of that section he will at once notice the meagreness of information, and the total lack of detail, and will wonder why he has read so little about the immense strip more than nine hundred miles in length and of irregular breadth, skirting eitherside of the gulf - likewise as little known - while every other nook and corner of the country has been invaded by the correspondent, miner and the homeseeker. That it is unknown is a fact, and the reasons are perhaps those given above, though if the territory belonged to the Government of the United States or any other power than the Mexican, so thoroughly endowed with the spirit of manana, it would long ago, doubtless, have been thoroughly explored and opened to the action of Civilization.^Anglos, Colorado River, Exploration, Journals^article^:
^1894^Robinson, R. E. L.^Robinson, R.E.L. (1894): Pre-Columbian Engineering in Arizona. Californian Illustrated Magazine 5(7, March), 484-490. (On file at Arizona Historical Foundation, Tempe)^While there are on every hand throughout the length and breadth of Arizona and New Mexico decaying evidences of a vast population that lived at sometime anterior to history, we are yet compelled to base our estimate of the civilization of those ancients upon the results of investigation in a few distinct lines. Fruitful investigation has been carried on in the mounds and beneath the tumble-down walls in the hope of finding relics, manuscripts, and articles of household use upon which to predicate conclusions. With this no fault can be found; but in view of the narrowness of the opportunities of research it is strange that so little of the attention of inquirers has been bestowed on the old systems of engineering - strange, that is, because of all the remains indicative of the advancement and status of the mound-builders nothing yet discovered is so well preserved or so easy of inspection. Among the engineering works left by Pre-Columbians nothing yet found in Mexico, Central America, or South America so well proves them well-informed and industrious as the canals by which the desert valleys of the Salt and Gila rivers were irrigated. It may not, therefore, be uninteresting for me to speak at some length of my observations as to this network of Canals.^Agriculture, Canals, Gila River, Hohokam, Irrigation, Salt River^article^:
^1965^Robinson, T. W.^Robinson, T.W. (1965): Introduction, Spread and Areal Extent of Saltcedar in the Western States. (Studies of Evapotranspiration) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 491-A)^Saltcedar, the name generally applied to two exotic deciduous species of the genus Tamarix, was introduced into this country more than 100 years ago and has, in the last 30 years, become very much of a nuisance plant in the arid and semiarid regions of the Western States.^Saltcedar, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1991^Robrock, D. P.^Robrock, D.P. (1991): Traveling the Devil's Turnpike: The Heyday of the Upper Gila Trail, 1846-1849. Paper presented at the Arizona Historical Society Convention (on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^^Anglos, Exploration, Gila River, Travel^other^:
^1991^Robrock, David P.^Robrock, David P. (1991): Argonauts and Indians: Yuma Crossing, 1849. Journal of Arizona History (Spring), 21-39.^^Anglos, Ferries, Gila River, Travel, Yuma, Yuma Indians^article^:
^1933^Rockfellow, John A.^Rockfellow, John A. (1933): Log of an Arizona Trail Blazer. ACME Printing Co., Tucson, Arizona. 201 Pages.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Exploration, History, Settlement^book^:
^1990^Rodack,Madelaine Turrell (Ed.)^Rodack,Madelaine Turrell (Ed.) (1990):Adolph F. Bandelier's The Discovery of New Mexico by the Franciscan Monk, Friar Marcos de Niza in 1539. 2nd ed. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 135 Pages.^^Exploration, Gila River, Salt River, San Pedro River^book^:
^1987^Rodgers, James B.^Rodgers, James B. (1987): Studies Along the Lower Agua Fria River: The Eastwing Site and the Marinette Canal. The Museum of Northern Arizona Press, Flagstaff, Arizona.^Two sites, one prehistoric and one historic, situated northwest of Phoenix and in the south-central part of Arizona, are discussed. Limited field excavation and archival research reveal that the historic site, the Marinette Canal (NA18, 267), built in 1910, may have been fed by well water, local runoff, and the seasonal flow of the Agua Fria River. It heads along Calderwood Butte and extends almost 10 km southward toward the present community of Sun City, Arizona. The prehistoric site, the Eastwing site, is a late Colonial-early Sedentary Hohokam village situated across an old stream terrace of the lower Agua Fria River Valley. This site was initially established and subsequently maintained by cultivating corn in an adjacent akchin field and exploiting a wide variety of locally available biotic and abiotic resources. The abandonment of this agricultural villge is hypothesized to correlate with a climatic shift to xeric conditions and a corresponding emphasis on canal irrigation systems, which characterize the agricultural activity of the northern Salt River Valley between about A.D. 1000 and A. D. 1250.^Agua Fria River, Archaeology, Canals, Hohokam, Salt River^book^:
^1977^Rodgers, James B.^Rodgers, James B. (1977): Archaeological Invest-igation of the Granite Reef Aqueduct, Cave Creek Archaeological District, Arizona. Arizona State University, Tempe. (Anthropological Research Papers No.^The following report contains the description and interpretation of archaeological data recently recovered from AZ T:8:31 (ASU), AZ T:8:35 (ASU), and AZ T:8:38 (ASU). Situated within south-central Arizona, these sites form an integral part of the Cave Creek Archaeological District. Impact on these cultural resources will result from construction along Reach 10 of the Granite Reef Aqueduct, a feature of the Central Arizona Project. A plan to mitigate this adverse impact through a program of research was developed by the Bureau of Reclamation and approved by the State Historic Preservation Officer and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. The research was undertaken and completed by the Office of Cultural Resource Management, Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University. The Cave Creek Archaeological District contains a total of 25 sites reflecting varied domestic and subsistence activities. The majority of these sites form a homogeneous archaeological complex that suggests Hohokam expansion from the Salt River Valley. Local occupation was permanent but limited to less than 150 years. Relative and chronometric dating techniques bracket this occupancy between A.D. 1010 and 1130. An appended portion of this report employs palynological information to equate the initial use of the Cave Buttes area with a climatic period of increased moisture. Local prehistoric abandonment suggests an inability to cope with a subsequent climatic shift to more xeric Conditions.^Agriculture, Archaeology, Canals, Cave Creek, Hohokam, Paleobotany, Surveys^book^:
^1965^Rodgers, W. M.^Rodgers, W.M. (1965): Historical Land Occupance of the Upper San Pedro Valley Since 1870. University of Arizona, Tucson. (MA Thesis)^^Fort Huachuca, History, Land Use, San Pedro River^book^:
^1971^Roeske, R. H.^Roeske, R.H. (1971): Floods of September 1970 in Arizona, Utah, and Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey, Phoenix. (Arizona State Land Department, Water-Resources Report Number Forty-four)^Record floods occurred in Arizona, southeastern Utah, and southwestern Colorado on September 4-7, 1970. The floods resulted from heavy rainfall caused by the interaction of cold air from the northwest and extremely moist tropical air from the south. The floods took the lives of 25 persons and caused millions of dollars in property damage. Parts of Arizona and Colorado were declared disaster areas by President Nixon and were thereby eligible for Federal relief funds. On Septermber 12-14, another lesser storm caused flooding in southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado.^Colorado River, Floods, Gila River, Salt River^book^:
^1989^Roeske, R. H.;Garrett, J. M.;Eychaner, J. H.^Roeske, R.H., J.M. Garrett & J.H. Eychaner (1989): Floods of October 1983 in Southeastern Arizona. (Water-Resources Investigations Report, 85-4225-C.) U.S. Geological Survey, Tucson, Arizona.^"Tropical storm Octave off the coast of Baja California, was the main cause of the outstanding floods on the San Francisco, Gila, San Pedro, and Santa Cruz Rivers and other smaller streams. The long period of rainfall from September 27 to October 3 was the result of the interaction of a high-altitude low-pressure trough and a persistent supply of moist tropical air mainly associated with tropical storm Octave. This was the sixth major flood insouthern or southeastern Arizona in 21 years that was caused by a tropical storm or Hurricane."^Floods, Geomorphology, Gila River, San Francisco River, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1973^Roeske, R. H.;Warrell, W. L.^Roeske, R.H. & W.L. Warrell (1973): Hydrologic Conditions in the San Pedro Valley, Arizona, 1971. (U.S. Geological Survey and the Arizona Water Commission, Bulletin 4.) U.S. Geological Survey and the Arizona Water Commission, Phoenix, Arizona. 76 Pages.^^Hydrology, San Pedro River^book^:
^1979^Rogers, Walter^Rogers, Walter (1979): Looking Backward to Cope With Water Shortages... A History of Native Plants in Southern Arizona. Landscape Architecture 69(3, May), 304-314.^^Exotic Species, Native Species, Santa Cruz River, Tucson^article^:
^1995^Rogge, A. E.;McWatters, D. Lorne;Keane, Melissa;Emanuel, Richard P.^Rogge, A.E., D.Lorne McWatters, Melissa Keane & Richard P. Emanuel (1995): Raising Arizona's Dams: Daily Life, Danger, and Discrimination in the Dam Construction Camps of Central Arizona, 1890s - 1940s. University of Arizona Press, Tucson & London. 212 pages.^"The Central Arizona Project is designed to import waters from the Colorado River into the desert of central and southern Arizona, where most of the state's farms and cities are located. In 1968, Congress authorized the Bureau of Reclamation to construct this massive water development project. Although some elements of the project were still under construction, the Bureau of Reclamation declared the project substantially complete in 1993 and directed the Central Arizona Water Conservation District to begin repaying the costs of the project (at subsidized interest rates). The District, organized to operate and maintain the canals, pumping plants, and dams, will continue to make installment payments over the next half century. The Central Arizona Project is a continuation of federal government reclamation policies that date back almost a century, but it is also one of the last big reclamatio projects the federal government will build. One element of the Central Arizona Project was a proposed Orme Dam, which was to be built at the confluence of the Salt and Verde Rivers to store irrigation water and control floods. When a draft environmental impact statement for the proposed Orme Dam was released in the mid-1970s, numerous public concerns were voiced about such issues as the destruction of bald eagle habitat and the inundation of two-thirds of the fort McDowell Indian Reservation. The Bureau of Reclamation reacted by studying ways to achieve water supply and flood control without Orme Dam, and the agency came up with nine alternatives. In 1982, after lengthy review, the secretary of the interior chose the sixth alternative. "Plan 6" involves raising the height of Roosevelt Dam by more than seventy feet, replacing Waddell Dam, modifying Stewart Mountain Dam, and strengthening other dams on the Salt and Verde rivers. Plan 6 also originally included construction of Cliff Dam to replace Horseshoe Dam, but this element of the plan was subsequently dropped. Construction activities and the enlarge reservoirs of^Archaeology, Colorado River, Construction, Dams, History, Salt River, Social Issues, Verde River^book^:
^1981^Rosenberg, Kenneth V.;Hubbard, J. P.;Rosenberg, G. H.^Rosenberg, Kenneth V., J.P. Hubbard & G.H. Rosenberg (1981): The Nesting Season, June 1-July 31, 1981: Southwestern Region. American Birds 35, 966-969.^^Birds^article^:
^1981^Rosenberg, Kenneth V.;Hubbard, J. P.;Rosenberg, G. H.^Rosenberg, Kenneth V., J.P. Hubbard & G.H. Rosenberg (1981): The Autumn Migration, August 1-November 30, 1980: Southwestern Region. American Birds 35, 211-214.^^Birds, Migration^article^:
^1981^Rosenberg, Kenneth V.;Hubbard, J. P.;Rosenberg, G. H.^Rosenberg, Kenneth V., J.P. Hubbard & G.H. Rosenberg (1981): The Winter Season, December 1, 1980-February 28, 1981: Southwestern Region. American Birds 35, 323-326.^^Birds^article^:
^1991^Rosenberg, Kenneth V.;Ohmart, Robert D.;Hunter, William C.;Anderson, Bertin W.^Rosenberg, Kenneth V., Robert D. Ohmart, William C. Hunter & Bertin W. Anderson(1991): Birds of the Lower Colorado River Valley. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^"The lower Colorado River has a long history of human use, from Native Americans, Spaniards, and Anglo-American fur trappers to modern-day corporate farmers and recreationists. Human dependence on and greed for water have brought about many conflicts with the natural environmetns. As refinement of river management has increased, so has modification of natural aquatic and terrestrial Habitats."^Birds, Colorado River, Ecology^book^:
^1923^Ross, C. P.^Ross, C.P. (1923): The Lower Gila Region, Arizona: A Geographic, Geologic and Hydrologic Reconnaisance with a Guide to Desert Watering Places. (U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper, No. 498.) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Geography, Geology, Gila River, Hydrology, Transportation^book^:
^1923^Rothery, S. L.^Rothery, S.L. (1923): A River Diversion of Colorado River in Relation to Imperial Valley, California. American Society of Civil Engineers Proceedings 49, 671-697.^^Agriculture, Canals, Colorado River, Dams, Imperial Valley, Water Supply^article^:
^1878^Rothrock, J. T.^Rothrock, J.T. (1878): Reports Upon the Botanical Collections Made in Portions of Nevada, Utah, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, During the Years 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, and 1875. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Botany, Exploration, Flora, Surveys^book^:
^1875^Rothrock, J. T.^Rothrock, J.T. (1875): Preliminary and General Botanical Report, with Remarks Upon the General Topography of the Region Traversed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Botany, Geology, Surveys, Vegetation^book^:
^1992^Rothschild, Mary L.;Hronek, Pamela C.^Rothschild, Mary L. & Hronek, Pamela C. (1992): Doing What the Day Brought: an Oral History of Arizona Women. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Anthology/proceedings, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Ranching, Settlement^book^:
^1977^Rouse, John E.^Rouse, John E. (1977): The Criollo, Spanish Cattle in the Americas. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Cattle, Grazing, Spanish^book^:
^1993^Rowlands, Peter G.; Riper III, Charles van; Sogge, Mark K. (Eds.)^Rowlands, Peter G.; Riper III, Charles van; Sogge, Mark K. (Eds.) (1993):Proceedings of the First Biennial Conference on Research in Colorado Plateau National Parks. (Transactions and Proceedings Series, NPS/NRNAU/NRTP-93/10.) National Park Service, Cooperative Park Studies Unit, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. 250 pages.^The papers in this volume are contributions from scientists, stuidents, and resource managers. The focus of their studies is on the inventory and monitoring of the natural resources of National Park Service areas on the Coloardo Plateau. Support for these studies came from the authors; from individual parks; from universities; and from the Rocky Mountain, Southwestern, and Western regional offices and from Washington Office programs fo the National Park Service. The rich variety of the 46 presentations given at the conference and the 19 papers included here reflects the diversity of science in and adjacent to National Park Service units on the Colorado Plateau. I applaud the efforst of the contributors. With modest funding and a broad base of public and institutional support, they have pursued important lines of work in and about the many national parks and monuments in this important biogeographic region. . . ." [Dennis B. Fenn, National Park Service Dep. Assoc. Director, Natural Resources - from the Foreword]^Anthology/proceedings, Colorado Plateau^book^:
^1980^Rucks, M. R.^Rucks, M.R. (1980): Riparian Inventory of Aravaipa Canyon. Bureau of Land Management, Safford District Office Files, Safford, Arizona.^^Aravaipa Creek, Surveys, Vegetation, Wildlife^book^:
^1971^Ruff, Paul F.^Ruff, Paul F. (1971): A History of the Salt River Channel in the Vicinity of Tempe, Arizona: 1868-1969. Unpublished manuscript, on file at Arizona State University, Department of Archives & Manuscripts, Tempe.^Stream channels and the lands that immediately border them (the flood plain) have traditionally been of major interest and importance to society. In the arid and semiarid regions of the United States, these level lands were first used for irrigation purposes because of their fertility, but more recently the lands are being occupied by industry and urban developments. Prior to the occupancy of these lands, any change in the location of the stream channel or in its geometry was of little consequence. However, with the occupancy of the channels and lands that immediately border them, and change in the channel's location and/or geometry becomes of immediate concern. such changes affect the water flow characteristics of the region, and may result in losses of life and Property.^Agriculture, Canals, Channel Change, Floods, Human Impact, Land Use, Salt River, Tempe, Urbanization^other^:
^1888^Rusby, H. H.^Rusby, H.H. (1888): General Floral Features of the San Francisco River and the Mogollon Rim. New York Academy of Science 8, 76-81.^^Botany, Flora, Mogollon Rim, San Francisco River^article^:
^1968^Rusho, W. L.^Rusho, W.L. (1968): Living History at Lee's Ferry. Journal of the West 7(1, January), 64-75.^Lee's Ferry on the Colorado, with Pictures^colorado River, History, Lee's Ferry, Mormons^article^:
^1989^Rusinek, W.^Rusinek, W. (1989): Battlefronts for the Verde River. Journal of the Southwest (Summer).^^Verde River^article^:
^1874^Rusling, J. F.^Rusling, J.F. (1874): Across America. Shedon & Co., New York.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Exploration^book^:
^1875^Rusling, James F.^Rusling, James F. (1875):Across America: Or, The Great West and the Pacific Coast. Sheldon & Company, New York. 502 pages.^Fort Yuma is popularly believed to be in Arizona, but is in reality in the extreme southeastern corner of California. The fort itself stands on a high bluff, on the west bank of the Rio Colorado, which alone separates it from Arizona, and is usually occupied by two or three companies of U.S. troops. Directly opposite, on the east bank of the Colorado, stands Arizona City [Yuma], a straggling collection of adobe houses, containing then perhaps five hundred inhabitants all Told.^Colorado River, Gila River, History, Santa Cruz River, Yuma^book^:
^1982^Russel, Jr, RP^Russel, Jr, RP (1982): The History of Man's Influ-ence Upon the Vegetation of the Chiricahua Moun-tain Meadows. (Master's thesis) University of Arizona, Tucson.^"Fourteen meadows exist in the high country of the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona. With the coming of the Angloe cattlemen dramatic changes occurred to the dynamic equilibrium of the Meadows."^Cattle, Chiricahuas, Environmental Change, Human Impact, Meadows^book^:
^1975^Russell, Frank^Russell, Frank (1975): The Pima Indians of Arizona. 2nd ed. (Series Ed: Fontana, B.L.) University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 479 Pages.^^Ethnology, Pima Indians^book^:
^1966^Salmeron, Zarate^Salmeron, Zarate (1966): Relaciones. Horn & Wallace, Albuquerque.^In the year 1604, on the seventh day of the month of October, D. Juan de O¤ate left the town of San Gabriel to explore the South Sea; he took in his company, Fray Fracisco de Excobar, who was the commissary at that time of those provinces, and a lay brother named Fray Jaun de San Buenaventura, apostolic men. The friar commissary was a very learned man who had the gift of languages, for he learned all of them with great facility. On this expdition Onate took 30 soldiers, most of them being raw recruits; and they took only 14 pairs of horse armor. Having traveled over that western region 60 leagues, they reached the province of Cuni which is on some plains that are more inhabited by hares and rabbits than by Indians. There are six pueblos, and in all of them there are no more than 300 terraced houses with many stories, like the ones in New Mexico. The largest pueblo and the head of them all is the pueblo of Cibola, which in their language is called Havico; it has 110 houses. Their food, as is common all over the land, is maize, beans, squash, and game. They dress in blankets made of iztli, woven of twisted cord; these Indians have no cotton. They left this pueblo, and after having traveled 20 leagues between northwest and west, they reached the Moqui Province. Here there are five villages and in all 450 houses; the same number of houses and of cotton Blankets.^Bill Williams River, Colorado River, Exploration, Indians, Spanish^book^:
^1986^Salmon, M. H.^Salmon, M.H. (1986): Gila River Odyssey. New Mexico, July.^^Gila River, Travel^article^:
^1986^Salmon, M. H.^Salmon, M.H. (1986): Gila Descending: A Southwestern Journey. High-Lonesome Books, San Lorenzo, New Mexico.^^Description, Gila River, Travel^book^:
^1970^Salt River Project^Salt River Project (1970): The Taming of the Salt. Communications & Public Affairs Department of Salt River Project, Phoenix.^A collection of biographies of pioneers who contributed significantly to water development in the Salt River Valley.^Agriculture, Anglos, Biography, Dams, Salt River, Salt River Project, Urbanization, Verde River^book^:
^1991^San Pedro Interdisciplinary Study Team^San Pedro Interdisciplinary Study Team (1991): A Study of the Water Resources of the San Pedro Basin and Options of Efficient Equitable Water Management. Water Resources Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Groundwater, San Pedro River, Streamflow, Water Supply^book^:
^1994^Santiago, Dawn Moore^Santiago, Dawn Moore (1994): Charles H. Bayless: Educator, Cattleman, Businessman, and Banker. Journal of Arizona History 35(3, Autumn), 267-300.^^Biography, Grazing, San Pedro River^article^:
^1980^Sauer, C. O.^Sauer, C.O. (1980): 17th Century North America. Turtle Island Press, Berkeley.^^Exploration, Indians, Military, Missions, Spanish^book^:
^1956^Sauer, Carl O.^Sauer, Carl O. (1956): The Agency of Man on the Earth. In: International Symposium on Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth. (Ed: Thomas, W.L.) University of Chicago Press, Chicago.^^Environmental Change, Human Impact^chapter^:
^1990^Savage, M.;Swetnam, Thomas W.^Savage, M. & Thomas W. Swetnam (1990): Early 19th-Century Fire Decline Following Sheep Pasturing in a Navajo Ponderosa Pine Forest. Ecology 71, 2374-2378.^^Fire, Forests/woodlands, Grazing, Navajos, Rio Puerco, Sheep^article^:
^1975^Sayner, Donald S.^Sayner, Donald S. (1975): Early Southwestern Cartography. Vol. 2. University of Arizona, Department of Biological Sciences, Tucson. 33 Pages.^^Anthology/proceedings, Maps, Spanish^book^:
^1969^Sayner, Donald S.^Sayner, Donald S. (1969): Early Southwestern Cartography. Vol. 1. University of Arizona, Department of Biological Sciences, Tucson. 32 Pages.^^Anthology/proceedings, Maps, Spanish^book^:
^1985^Sayre, John W.^Sayre, John W. (1985): A Journey Through Yesteryear: Ghost Railroads of Central Arizona. Red Rock Publishing Company, Phoenix. 150 Pages.^^History, Railroads^book^:
^1938^Scheffer, Paul M.^Scheffer, Paul M. (1938): The Beaver as an Upstream Engineer. Soil Conservation 3(7, January).^^Beaver^article^:
^1980^Schickedanz, J. G.^Schickedanz, J.G. (1980): History of Grazing in the Southwest. In: Grazing Management Systems for Southwest Rangelands. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 1-9.^^Grazing, History^chapter^:
^1992^Schlegel, Paul A.^Schlegel, Paul A. (1992): Southern Arizona's Early Cattle Industry. Paper presented at the Arizona Historical Society Convention (On file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^During the last quarter of the nineteenth century cattle ranches sprouted up all over Arizona. Some of the major southern Arizona cattle regions included the Santa Cruz Valley, the Santa Rita Mountains, the San Pedro Valley, and the Sulphur Springs Valley. These areas sustained some of the largest cattle operations of the territorial years. For example, the Empire Ranch, owned by Edward L. Vail, grazed 5, 000 head in the Santa Rita Mountains area. The San Pedro Valley became the location of large herds, such as the 2, 500 cattle owned by John Slaughter and the 3, 600 head belonging to the Babocomari Ranch.^Cattle, Grazing, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Sulphur Springs Valley^other^:
^1989^Schmal, R.;Wesche, T.^Schmal, R. & T. Wesche (1989): Historical Implications of the Railroad Crosstie Industry on Current Riparian and Stream Habitat Management in the Central Rocky Mountains. In: Practical Approaches to Riparian Resource Management: An Educational Workshop. Bureau of Land Management, Washington, D. C., 189.^^Habitat, Railroads, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1988^Schmid, M. K.;Rogers, G. F.^Schmid, M.K. & G.F. Rogers (1988): Trends in Fire Occurrence in the Arizona Upland Subdivision of the Sonoran Desert, 1955-1983. The Southwestern Naturalist 33, 437-444.^^Fire, Sonoran Desert, Uplands^article^:
^1985^Schmutz, E. M.;Sourabie, M. K.;Smith, D. A.^Schmutz, E.M., M.K. Sourabie & D.A. Smith (1985): The Page Ranch Story -- Its Vegetative History and Management Implications. Desert Plants 7(1), 13-21.^^Fire, Grazing, History, Page Ranch, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1978^Schmutz, Ervin M.^Schmutz, Ervin M. (1978): Classified Bibliography on Native Plants of Arizona. Soil Conservation Service, Tucson.^^Bibliography, Botany, Native Species^book^:
^1962^Schoenwetter, J.^Schoenwetter, J. (1962): The Pollen Analysis of Eighteen Archaeological Sites in Arizona and New Mexico. Fieldiana Anthropology 53, 168-209.^^Archaeology, Paleobotany, Pollen^article^:
^1968^Schoenwetter, J. et al.^Schoenwetter, J. et al. (1968): An Ecological Interpretation of Anasazi Settlement Patterns. In: Anthropological Archaeology in the Americas. Anthropological Society, Washington, D. C., 41-66.^^Anasazi, Archaeology, Ethnoecology, Land Use^chapter^:
^1996^Schroeder, Albert H.^Schroeder, Albert H. (no date): A brief survey of the lower Colorado River from Davis Dam to the International Border. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nevada. 77 pages.^^Colorado River, Davis Dam, Surveys, U.s.-mexico Border^book^:
^1955^Schroeder, Albert H.^Schroeder, Albert H. (1955): Fray Marcos de Niza, Coronado and the Yavapai. New Mexico Historical Review 30(4, October).^^Exploration, Gila River, Military, San Pedro River, Spanish, Yavapai Tribe^article^:
^1952^Schroeder, Albert H.^Schroeder, Albert H. (1952): Documentary Evidence Pertaining to the Early Historic Period of Southern Arizona. New Mexico Historical Review 27, 137-167.^^Anglos, Spanish^article^:
^1956^Schulman, E.^Schulman, E. (1956): Dendroclimatic Changes in Semiarid America. University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Climate, Dendrochronology^book^:
^1942^Schulman, E.^Schulman, E. (1942): Centuries-Long Tree Indices of Precipitation in the Southwest. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 23, 148-161, 204-217.^^Climate, Dendrochronology, Precipitation^article^:
^1957^Schumm, S. A.;Hadley, R. F.^Schumm, S.A. & R.F. Hadley (1957): Arroyos and the Semi-Arid Cycle of Erosion. American Journal of Science 255, 161-174.^^Arroyos, Erosion, Geomorphology^article^:
^1996^Schwalen, Harold C.^Schwalen, Harold C. (No date): Little Chino Valley Artesian & Groundwater Basin. Agricultural Experiment Station, The University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Groundwater, Little Chino Valley, Verde River^book^:
^1942^Schwalen, Harold C.^Schwalen, Harold C. (1942): Rainfall and Runoff in the Upper Santa Cruz River Drainage Basin. (1 September) Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arizona, Tucson. (Technical Bulletin No. 95)^^Climate, Geomorphology, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1961^Schwalen, Harold C.;Shaw, R. J.^Schwalen, Harold C. & R.J. Shaw (1961): Progress Report on Study of Water in the Santa Cruz Valley, AZ. University of Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station, Tucson.^^Santa Cruz River, Water Supply^book^:
^1957^Schwalen,Harold Christy; Shaw,Richard Joy^Schwalen,Harold Christy; Shaw,Richard Joy (1957):Ground water supplies of the Santa Cruz Valley of southern Arizona, between Rillito station and the International Boundary. (Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, No. 288.) University of Arizona, Tucson.^^^book^:
^1956^Schwartz,Douglas W.^Schwartz,Douglas W. (1956):The Havasupai 600 A.D. - 1955 A.D.: A Short Culture History. Plateau 28(4, April), 77-85.^"The Havasupai are a tribe of Yuman-speaking Indians who now live at the bottom of Cataract Creek Canyon, a side branch of northwestern Arizona's Grand Canyon. When they were first discovered, in 1776 by an exploring Franciscan priest, they were leading an economically double life. In the spring and summer they irrigated corn and bean fields from an ever-flowing spring of clear blue-green water, while during the winter they migrated up to the plateau, where they gathered and hunted the local flora and fauna until the following Spring."^Agriculture, Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Havasupai, Indians^article^:
^1919^Schwennesen, A. T.^Schwennesen, A.T. (1919): Geology and Water Resources of the Gila and San Carlos Valleys in the San Carlos Indian Reservation, Arizona. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (U.S.)^In recent years the Indian farmers in the valleys of Gila and San Carlos Rivers, in the San Carlos Indian Reservation ... have been seriously handicapped by an inadequate supply of water for irrigating their crops. A shortage of water at times when it is most needed has tended to discourage those Indians who are making an earnest effort to farm and has done much toward neutralizing the efforts of the reservation officials to interest others in agriculture. The water shortage has been due to a lack of water in the streams at certain times of the year and to the difficulties of keeping diversion dams and ditches in operation on account of washouts caused by sudden floods in the rivers and by torrents in the tributary arroyos during heavy rains. In the river valleys many tracts of good land now lying idle could be made productive if sufficient water were obtainable. An extension of the present system to include these lands, however, would be likely to fail, from the same causes that contribute to the inadequacy of the present System.^Floods, Geology, Gila River, Irrigation, San Carlos Apaches, Water Supply^book^:
^1917^Schwennesen, A. T.^Schwennesen, A.T. (1917): Ground Water in San Simon Valley, Arizona and New Mexico. (U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper, No. 425.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^Groundwater, San Simon Creek^book^:
^1987^Scott, Jeanne^Scott, Jeanne (1987): Reserve Begins Transfor-rmation from Ranching Area. The Wickenburg Sun (March 26), 8-11, 17.^Talks about the Hassayampa River Preserve, how it started, history of the area, Etc.^Hassayampa River, History, Refuges/preserves, Restoration^article^:
^1888^Scott, William Earl Dodge^Scott, William Earl Dodge (1888): Notes on Arizona Birds, a Collection of Articles from Auk. L.S. Foster, New York.^^Birds, Gila River, Pima County, Pinal County^book^:
^1919^Secretary of the Interior^Secretary of the Interior (1919): Gila River Flood Control. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (Senate Document No. 436)^This investigation was carried out and this report is now made under the provisions of a contract with the Secretary of the Interior dated August 26, 1916, the specific obligation on the writer's part being to design a practical plan for protecting the riparian lands along the Gila River in Graham County, Arizona, against erosion and to continue to confine the stream to a fixed channel within that Country.^Erosion, Floods, Gila River^book^:
^1944^Secretary of War^Secretary of War (1944):Bill Williams River and Tributaries, Arizona. (78th Congress, 2d Session...House Document No. 625) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.^The Speaker of the House of Representatives...Dear Mr. Speaker: I am transmitting herewith a report dated April 11, 1944, from the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, together with accompanying papers and an illustration, on a preliminary examination and survey of Bill Williams River, Ariz., and Big Sandy River, in Arizona, from the junction of Trout Creek and Knight Creek on the north ot the Bill Williams River on the south. This report was made under the authority of the Flood Control Act approved on August 28, 1937.^Bill Williams River, Surveys^book^:
^1988^Sedell, J. R. et al.^Sedell, J.R. et al. (1988): What We Know About Large Trees That Fall Into Streams and Rivers. In: From the Forest to the Sea: A Story of Fallen Trees. (Ed: Maser, Chris) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, PNW-GTR-229.) Pacific North-west Experiment Station, 47-81.^^Forests/woodlands, Geomorphology, Woody Debris^chapter^:
^1955^Sedelmayr, Jacobo^Sedelmayr, Jacobo (1955): Four Original Manuscript Narratives. Reprint ed. (Series Ed: Dunne, Peter M.) Arizona Pioneers' Historical Society, Tucson. 82 Pages.^^Exploration, Journals, Spanish, Verde River^book^:
^1995^Sekaquaptewa, Emory^Sekaquaptewa, Emory (1995):Our Journeys: American Indian Epics. Series of videos by KUAT Television and the Arizona Board of Regents; Indians of Arizona; 6 Volumes.^^Colorado River, Gila River, History, Indians, Santa Cruz River^other^:
^1960^Sellers, W. D.^Sellers, W.D. (1960): Precipitation Trends in Arizona and New Mexico. In: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Eastern Snow Conference. Vol. 9. , 81-94.^^Anthology/proceedings, Precipitation^chapter^:
^1974^Sellers, William D.;Hill, R. H.^Sellers, William D. & Richard H. Hill (Eds.) (1974): Arizona Climate. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Climate^book^:
^1985^Sellers, William D.;Hill, Richard H.;Sanderson-Rae, Margaret^Sellers, William D., Richard H. Hill, & Margaret Sanderson-Rae (Eds.) (1985): Arizona Climate: The First Hundred Years. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^"It is appropriate that a survey of the climate of Arizona during the past 100 years should be published in the same year that the University of Arizona system is celebrating its centennial. Much of what we know about the climate of the State has been documented in reports and books issued by the College of Agriculture and the Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the University of Arizona and, more recently, by the Laboratory of Climatology at Arizona State University, often with the cooperation of personnel of the U. S. Weather Bureau and the National Weather Service. The State's institutions of higher learning and our knowledge of the climate of Arizone have grown side by Side."^Climate^book^:
^1965^Serven, J. E.^Serven, J.E. (1965): The Military Posts on Sonoita Creek. Smoke Signals 12, 1-24.^^Military, Sonoita Creek^article^:
^1958^Shadegg, Stephen C.^Shadegg, Stephen C. (1958): The Phoenix Story: an Adventure in Reclamation. Phoenix. 40 Pages.^^History, Phoenix^book^:
^1992^Shannon, Joseph P.;Blinn, Dean W.;Stevens, Lawrence E.;Macauley, Jeanette^Shannon, Joseph P., Dean W. Blinn, Lawrence E. Stevens & Jeanette Macauley (1992): The Ecology and Distribution of Benthic Algae and Associated Macroinvertebrates in the Dam-Controlled Colorado River Through Grand Canyon, Arizona abstract. North American Benthological Society Bulletin 9(1), 70-71.^^Algae, Aquatic Biota, Colorado River, Dams, Geomorphology, Grand Canyon, Invertebrates^article^:
^1977^Shaw, H. G.;Smith, R. H.^Shaw, H.G. & R.H. Smith (1977): Habitat Use Patterns of Merriam's Turkey in Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix. 33 Pages.^^Birds, Habitat^book^:
^1981^Sheridan, D.^Sheridan, D. (1981): Desertification of the United States. United States Government Printing Office, Council On Environmental Quality, Washington, D. C.^^Desertification, Environmental Change, Human Impact^book^:
^1979^Sheridan, D.^Sheridan, D. (1979): Off-Road Vehicles on Public Land. Council on Environmental Quality, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 84 Pages.^^Human Impact, Public Lands, Recreation^book^:
^1977^Sheridan, D.^Sheridan, D. (1977): Hard Rock Mining on the Public Land. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 37 Pages.^^Human Impact, Mining, Public Lands^book^:
^1995^Sheridan, Thomas E.^Sheridan, Thomas E. (1995): Arizona: a History. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 434 Pages.^^History^book^:
^1988^Sheridan, Thomas E.^Sheridan, Thomas E. (1988): Kino's Unforeseen Legacy: The Material Consequences of Missionization. The Smoke Signal 49 & 50(& Fall Spring), 150-167.^One of the tragedies of history is its eternal incompleteness. No matter how many documnets we read or records we peruse, anthropologists, historians, and other social scientists interested in the study of the past always come face to face with the past's ultimate muteness and mystery. Even in literate societies, the conventional documentary records belong to those in power; rarely do they discuss the lives of working-class men and women or ethnic minorities. And when we move away from literate societies, when we attempt to investigate past ways of life among people who left no written records themselves, problems of interpretation almost overwhelm us. Nevertheless, there are no 'poeple without history, ' only historians who have not yet figured out how to read the signs the people left behind: Mayan hieroglyphics, Tohono O'odham calendar sticks, the testimony of bone and stone and broken pottery. To understand the past, then, we must conceive and develop a historiography that is not enslaved by the written record: one that utilizes the tools of deomgraphy, ecology, linguistics, and anthroplogy as well. Only then can we begin to glimpse the complexity of past societies overlooked by conventional Chroniclers.^Environmental Change, Human Impact, Missions, Spanish, Tohono O'odham^article^:
^1986^Sheridan, Thomas E.^Sheridan, Thomas E. (1986): Los Tucsonenses: the Mexican Community of Tucson. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Culture, Diaries/memoirs/letters, History, Irrigation, Mexican-american, Santa Cruz River, Spanish, Tucson^book^:
^1995^Sheridan, Thomas E.; Hadley, Diana^Sheridan, Thomas E.; Hadley, Diana (1995):Ethnoecology of the Lone Mountain/San Rafael Valley Ecosystem. In: Biodiversity and Management of the Madrean Archipelago: The Sky Islands of Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico. (Proceedings of the symposium, 1994 Sept. 19-23; Tucson, AZ) (Eds: DeBano, Leonard F.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Ortega-Rubio, Alfredo; Gottfried, Gerald J.; Hamre, Robert H.; Edminster, Carleton B.) (General Technical Report, RM-GTR-264.) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 502-510.^The paper will present an overview of the results of research condeucted for the Coronado National Forest on the Lone Mountain/San Rafael Ecosystem Project Areas. The project reserach goal is a history of land use and ecosystem change within the project area. The reasearch methodology includes conventional archival research, examination of historic photographs of the area, and extensive oral history interviews with long-term residents of the sutdy area. The overview presented at the conference will be illustrated by slides of historic photographs and historic maps which offer insights into land use and into ecosystem changes which resulted from specific uses. The paper will include a brief description of historic human occupation by the study area's major ethnic groups (Native American, Spanish, Mexican, and Anglo-American) with a summary of each group's settlement pattern, land-use activites, perceptions of the local ecosystem, and possible environmental impacts. The paper will focus on evaluating the comparative impacts by the area's ethnic groups according to the specific subsistence and economic activities in which they engaged. It will concluded with a general analysis of the evidence of vegetation and landscape changes within specific ecosystem components of the project area, including Plains Grassland, Oak Woodland, Riparian Habitats, and Coniferous Forests.^Ethnoecology, Grazing, History, Human Impact, Mining, Santa Cruz River, Sky Islands^chapter^:
^1978^Sheridan, Thomas E.;Nabhan, Gary P.^Sheridan, Thomas E. & Gary P. Nabhan (1978): Living With a River: Traditional Farmers of the Rio San Miguel. Journal of Arizona History 19(1, Spring).^^Agriculture, Indians, Irrigation, Mexico^article^:
^1929^Shreve, Forrest^Shreve, Forrest (1929): Changes in Desert Vegetation. Ecology 10(4, October), 364-373.^The changes which take place from year to year in the composition of any community of perennial plants are few. The more long-lived the dominant individuals in the community, the slower are the changes. In a desert climate there are brief periods in which conditions are favorable for vegetative activity, separated by long periods in which plants are dormant, or even lose some of the headway that they have Made.^Sonoran Desert, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1937^Shreve, Forrest;Hinckley, Arthur L.^Shreve, Forrest & Arthur L. Hinckley (1937): Thirty Years of Change in Desert Vegetation. Ecology 18(4, October), 463-478.^The plant communities of the warmer and less arid parts of the American desert are made up of species which differ greatly in morphological and anatomical type, and likewise in length of life, seeding habits, germination, establishment, rate of growth, and sensitiveness to adverse environmental Conditions.^Sonoran Desert, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1953^Siciliano, Samuel A.^Siciliano, Samuel A. (1953):Saga of the Wellton Mohawk. Arizona Highways October, 2-9.^The fight fo the Wellton-Mohawk was a good one, a real rip-snorter, in what we have come to call the 'American Tradition.' On one side were men of the law, men of the soil, men of science. On the other were the Nature Twins - Mother and Human, with their myriad relations - the widn, the dust, the floods, the salt, despair, discouragement and other Men.^Canals, Colorado River, Gila River, Irrigation^article^:
^1990^Siegel, R. S.;Brock, J. H.^Siegel, R.S. & J.H. Brock (1990): Germination Requirements of Key Southwestern Woody Riparian Species. Desert Plants 10(1), 3-8.^^Riparian Areas, Vegetation^article^:
^1866^Silliman, Jr, B^Silliman, Jr, B (1866): On Some of the Mining Districts of Arizona Near the Rio Colorado. American Journal of Science 41, 289-308.^^Colorado River, Mining^article^:
^1995^Silvey, Bill^Silvey, Bill (1995): Fish Management in Arizona; Part I: The Fish Commission 1881-1911. Arizona Wildlife Views 38(5, May), 16-17.^Anglers today don't appreciate how good things are for their finny pursuits, and few realize that the vast variety of fish they so actively enjoy were not here when Arizona became a Territory. In September of 1881, when the Fish Commission first met they were under public and legislative scrutiny to do something to improve the fishery resources of the Territory. The few varieties of native fish available for tablefare were considered to be of poor quality and not in adequate supply. Back in those days wildlife of all types including fish were looked upon as a food resource for the people, not as the recreation pastime of today. The methods of fishing used in those years contrasts greatly from those of today. To supply the market demand 'Giant Powder', an explosive, and nets and traps were used widely to harvest fish from the territorial rivers for the markets in Tombstone, Tucson, Yuma, Prescott, Globe, and Phoenix.^Fish, Human Impact, Hunting/fishing/trapping^article^:
^1985^Simcox, David E.^Simcox, David E. (1985): Arizona Riparian Areas: A Bibliography. University of Arizona, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Tucson.^^Bibliography, Riparian Areas^book^:
^1985^Simmons, Isabel J. (Ed.)^Simmons, Isabel J. (Ed.) (1985):Cottonwood, Clarkdale and Cornville History. Cottonwood Chapter 2021, American Association of Retired Persons, .^^History, Verde River^book^:
^1980^Simpson, C. G.^Simpson, C.G. (1980): Why and How: Some Problems and Methods in Historical Biology. Pergamon Press, Oxford.^^Biology, Historical Accuracy^book^:
^1850^Simpson, J. H.^Simpson, J.H. (1850): Expedition into the Navajo Country. (Senate Executive Document, No. 64.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 250 Pages.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Exploration, Indians, Little Colorado River, Navajos^book^:
^1958^Simpson, J. M.;Werner, J. R.^Simpson, J.M. & J.R.Werner (1958): Some Recent Bird Records From the Salt River Valley, Central Arizona. Condor 60, 68-70.^^Birds, Maricopa County, Salt River^article^:
^1969^Simpson, J. R. et al.^Simpson, J.R. et al. (1969): Papago Floodwater Pastures Show Promise. Progressive Agriculture in Arizona 21, 18-19.^^Floods, Grazing, Tohono O'odham^article^:
^1982^Sinyella, Juan^Sinyella, Juan (1982): Range Capacity and Terrestrial Ecosystem Evaluation of the Havasupai Traditional Use Lands. U.S. Forest Service, Williams, Arizona. 184 Pages.^^Colorado River, Ecosystems, Grazing, Havasupai, Land Use^book^:
^1964^Sinyella, Juan^Sinyella, Juan (1964): Havasupai History. Grand Canyon Natural History Association, typed transcription of tape made August 10, 1964, 29 Pages.^^Colorado River, Havasupai, History^other^:
^1854^Sitgreaves, L.^Sitgreaves, L. (1854): Report of an Expedition Down the Zuni and Colorado Rivers. 2nd ed. Beverly Tucker, Senate Printer, Washington, D. C. (33rd Congress, 1st Session, Senate Exec. Doc. no Number.)^^Colorado River, Exploration, Surveys^book^:
^1853^Sitgreaves,Captain L.^Sitgreaves,Captain L. (1853):Report of an Expedition Down the Zuni and Colorado Rivers. Robert Armstrong, Washington.^^Colorado River, Description, Exploration^book^:
^1959^Sizemore, Mamie^Sizemore, Mamie (1959): Bibliography on Indians and Indian Affairs. Arizona Department of Education, Phoenix.^^Bibliography, Indians^book^:
^1980^Sizer, Bill^Sizer, Bill (1980): Wildlife Views: Fifty Years. Arizona Wildlife Views 23(1, January), 1-111.^History of Arizona Game and Fish Department^wildlife^article^:
^1972^Slawson Jr, Guenton Cyril^Slawson Jr, Guenton Cyril (1972):Water Quality in the Lower Colorado River and the Effect of Reservoirs. M.S. (Hydrology) Thesis, University of Arizona (Tucson).^^Colorado River, Dams, Water Quality^thesis^:
^1908^Smith, A. P.^Smith, A.P. (1908): Some Data and Records From the Whetstone Mountains, Arizona. Condor 10, 75-78.^^Birds, San Pedro River, Sky Islands^article^:
^1981^Smith, Cornelius C.^Smith, Cornelius C. (1981): Fort Huachuca: the Story of a Frontier Post. U.S. Army, Washington D.C. 417 Pages.^^Fort Huachuca, History, Military, San Pedro River^book^:
^1972^Smith, Courtland L.^Smith, Courtland L. (1972): The Salt River Project: A Case Study in Cultural Adaptation to an Urbanizing Community. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Dams, Irrigation, Salt River, Salt River Project, Urbanization^book^:
^1987^Smith, D. A.^Smith, D.A. (1987): Mining America: The Industry and the Environment, 1800-1900. Kansas University Press, Lawrence.^^Environmental Change, Human Impact, Mining^book^:
^1975^Smith, D. R.^Smith, D.R. (Ed.) (1975): Proceedings of the Symposium on Management of Forest and Range Habitats for Nongame Birds. (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, WO-1.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 343 Pages.^^Anthology/proceedings, Birds, Forests/woodlands, Grazing, Habitat^book^:
^1960^Smith, Dwight L.^Smith, Dwight L. (1960): The Engineer and the Canyon. Utah Historical Quarterly (July), 262-273+.^It was staggering to the imagination of an average person in 1889-90; seventy years later it is still fantastic. In the heroic annals of the unfolding Southwest in the latter part of the past century is a too little-known chapter of railroad history. In light of the present considerable interest in the Colorado River, the Stanton engineering survey to determine the feasibility and worth of a railroad along the river from Grand Junction, Colorado, to the Gulf of California is of historical Importance.^Colorado River, Railroads, Surveys, Transportation^article^:
^1941^Smith, Frank F.^Smith, Frank F. (1941): History of Grazing. Arizona Writer's Project, Tucson.^Grazing in the National Forests and on the Plains of Arizona.^Grazing, History^book^:
^1956^Smith, G. E. P.^Smith, G.E.P. (1956): Arizona Loses a Water Supply. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Colorado River, Water Supply^book^:
^1930^Smith, G. E. P.^Smith, G.E.P. (1930): Harnessing of the Colorado River. Geological Publishing Co., Des Moines.^^Colorado River, Dams^book^:
^1922^Smith, G. E. P.^Smith, G. E. P. (1922):The Colorado River and Arizona's Interest in its Development. (Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 95.) College of Agriculture, University of Arizona, Tucson.^It is nearly four hundred years since Spanish explorers discovered the canyons of the Colorado River. During these centuries mankind has coped with many problems and has surmounted great obstacles. But the six hundred mile stretch of canyon of the Colorado of the West is still under nature's control. No stone has been turned to impede the flow of water; no revolving wheel converts the power of the flood to useful Purposes.^Colorado River, Dams, Human Impact^book^:
^1910^Smith, G. E. P.^Smith, G.E.P. (1910): Ground Water Supply and Irrigation in the Rillito Valley. University of Arizona, Agricultural Experiment Station, Tucson.^^Agriculture, Groundwater, Rillito, Santa Cruz River, Water Supply^book^:
^1985^Smith, Gloria L.^Smith, Gloria L. (1985): Black Heritage Trails and Tales of Tucson and Old Fort Huachuca near Sierra Vista, Arizona. A Tourist Guide, a Research Guide. G.L. Smith, Tucson. 47 Pages.^^Fort Huachuca, History, Military, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Sierra Vista, Tucson^book^:
^1899^Smith, J. C.^Smith, J.C. (1899): Grazing Problems in the Southwest and How To Meet Them. University of Arizona, Tucson. (Agriculture Experiment Station Bulletin # 16)^^Grazing, Human Impact^book^:
^1977^Smith, Jedediah S.^Smith, Jedediah S. (1977): The Southwest Expedition of Jedediah S. Smith: His Personal Account of the Journey to California, 1826-1827. (Series Ed: Brooks, George R.) The Arthur H. Clark Company, Glendale, California.^^Anglos, Beaver, Colorado River, Exploration, Journals, Maps^book^:
^1981^Smith, L. P.;Stockton, Charles W.^Smith, L.P. & Charles W. Stockton (1981): Reconstructed Stream Flow for the Salt and Verde Rivers from Tree-Ring Data. Water Resources Bulletin 17(6), 939-947.^^Dendrochronology, Salt River, Streamflow, Verde River^article^:
^1989^Smith, N. R.^Smith, N.R. (1989): Man's Changes to a Mountain. Paper presented at the Arizona Historical Society Convention (on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^^Human Impact, Mountains, Verde River^other^:
^1962^Smith, Ralph A.^Smith, Ralph A. (1962): Apache Ranching Below the Gila;, 1841-1845. Arizoniana 3, 1-17.^^Apaches, Gila River, Ranching^article^:
^1987^Smith,Melvin T.^Smith,Melvin T. (1987):Before Powell: Exploration of the Colorado River. Utah Historical Quarterly 55(2, Fall), 105-119.^"This is not a study of the Colorado River itself, but rather an examination of those portions of the Green and Colorado rivers later navigated by John Wesley Powell and his crew in 1869. It is a brief look at the pre-Powell history of the river through the Indians, the Spaniards, the fur trappers, the miners, merchants, Mormons, and the military and government surveyors, and an evaluation of those early explorers as makers and recorders of western History."^Colorado River, Exploration, History^article^:
^1904^Smythe, W. E.^Smythe, W.E. (1904): The Fate of the Rio Colorado. Out West 20, 487-504.^^Colorado River, Environmental Change, Human Impact^article^:
^1904^Smythe, W. E.^Smythe, W. E. (1904):The Fate of the Rio Colorado. Out West 20(6, June), 487-504.^^Canals, Colorado River, Environmental Change, Human Impact^article^:
^1982^Sonnichsen,C. L.^Sonnichsen,C. L. (1982):Tucson: The Life and Times of an American City. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. 369 Pages.^^History, Settlement, Tucson^book^:
^1995^Sorenson, Dan^Sorenson, Dan (1995): Beavers to Live on the San Pedro? The Tucson Citizen (May 4), 7C.^A government plan to reintroduce beavers to a portion of the San Pedro River is open to public comment through the end of May. Wildlife biologists from the Arizona Game & Fish Department and U.S. Bureau of Land Management, in charge of overseeing the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, say they may reintroduce beavers as early as September.^Beaver, Restoration, San Pedro River^article^:
^1995^SouthEastern Arizona Governments Organization^SouthEastern Arizona Governments Organization (1995):Table of population trends for Santa Cruz County, including Nogales. Facsimile provided by Richard Gaar, Seago.^^Nogales, Population, Santa Cruz County^other^:
^1980^Southeastern Arizona Governments Organization (SEAGO);Arizona Department of Health Services^Southeastern Arizona Governments Organization (SEAGO) & Arizona Department of Health Services (1980): San Pedro River Valley Water Quality. SEAGO, Phoenix.^^San Pedro River, Water Quality^book^:
^1919^Southworth, C. H.^Southworth, C.H. (1919): The History of Irrigation Along the Gila River. U. S. Congress, Washington, D. C.^^Gila River, History, Irrigation^book^:
^1910^Spalding, V. M.^Spalding, V.M. (1910): Distribution and Movement of Desert Plants. (Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications, No. 113.) Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C.^^Exotic Species, Native Species, Plant Geography, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1990^Spamer, Earle E.^Spamer, Earle E. (1990): Bibliography of the Grand Canyon and the Lower Colorado River From 1540. Grand Canyon Natural History Association, Grand Canyon, Arizona. (Monograph Number 8)^^Bibliography, Colorado River, Grand Canyon^book^:
^1984^Spicer, Edward Holland^Spicer, Edward Holland (1984): Pascua: A Yaqui Village in Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 325 Pages.^^Indians, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1962^Spicer, Edward Holland^Spicer, Edward Holland (1962): Cycles of Conquest: The Impact of Spain, Mexico, and the United States on the Indians of the Southwest 1533-1960. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 609 Pages.^^Anglos, Human Impact, Indians, Mexico, Military, Spanish^book^:
^1936^Spier, Leslie^Spier, Leslie (1936): Cultural Relations of the Gila River and Lower Colorado River Tribes. Publications in Anthropology 3 ed. Yale University, New Haven. 22 Pages.^^Colorado River, Gila River, Maricopa Indians, Pima Indians, Yuma Indians^book^:
^1995^Spoerl, Patricia M.; Ravesloot, John C.^Spoerl, Patricia M.; Ravesloot, John C. (1995):From Casas Grandes to Casa Grande: Prehistoric Human Impacts in the Sky Islands of Southern Arizona and Northwestern Mexico. In: Biodiversity and Management of the Madrean Archipelago: The Sky Islands of Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico. (Proceedings of the symposium, 1994 Sept. 19-23; Tucson, AZ) (Eds: DeBano, Leonard F.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Ortega-Rubio, Alfredo; Gottfried, Gerald J.; Hamre, Robert H.; Edminster, Carleton B.) (General Technical Report, RM-GTR-264.) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 492-501.^Cultures, past and present, like ecosystems, are dynamic entities, and the relationships between them must be carefully considered. The relationship between people and the natural environment has been a topic of archaeological investigation for many years. Faunal, floral, and climatological sites can be used to reconstruct important aspects of past ecosystems and to determine how they have changed through time. The picture that emerges is one of interaction between a constantly changing environment and a constantly changing human system. This paper summarizes our current knowledge of the prehistory of the Sky Islands, in terms of potential human impacts to the environment and discusses strategies for gaining a better understanding of past relationships between people and their environemtn in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.^Agriculture, Fuelwood, Hohokam, Human Impact, Sky Islands^chapter^:
^1964^Sprague, Daniel^Sprague, Daniel (1964): Special Assignment -- Mosquito Control & Abatement. Arizona Public Health News 58(4), 2-12.^Bringing the adult mosquito under control, or at least to the point where mosquitoes no longer prevail as a health problem and hazard to local economic development or as a deterrent to recreation and outdoor living is a task of nearly impossible magnitude. To reduce by half, or even by third, such a menace is an accomplishment 'plus x' on any achievement Scale.^Disease, Mosquitoes^article^:
^1970^Stacey,May H.^Stacey,May H. (1970):Journal (1858). In: Uncle Sam's Camels: The Journal of May Humphreys Stacey Supplemented by the Report of Edward F. Beale. (Ed: Lesley,Lewis B.) Rio Grande Press, Glorieta, New Mexico, 19-116.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Exploration, Journals, Little Colorado River, Rio Puerco^chapter^:
^1978^Stamp, Nancy E.^Stamp, Nancy E. (1978): Breeding Birds of Riparian Woodland in South-Central Arizona. Condor 80, 64-71.^Riparian woodland habitats in the Southwest are extremely important breeding places, wintering areas, and corridors for migration of birds. These habitats are the least extensive in the region but they have the highest densities and diversities of avian Species.^Birds, Habitat, Riparian Areas, Verde River^article^:
^1928^Standage, H.^Standage, H. (1928): The March of the Mormon Battalion from Council Bluffs to California. Century Press, New York. 295 Pages.^^Exploration, Military, Mormons^book^:
^1873^Standfird, J. H.^Standfird, J.H. (1873): Journals. Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Foundation, Arizona State University, Tempe.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Journals^other^:
^1988^Stanley, Gary E.^Stanley, Gary E. (1988): Man, Water and The Arizona/Sonora Border: The Current Situation and the Growing Need for Management. School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Environmental Change, Human Impact, San Pedro River, U.s.-mexico Border^book^:
^1951^Stanley, J. W.^Stanley, J.W. (1951): Retrogression on the Lower Colorado River After 1935. American Society of Civil Engineers Transcripts 116, 943-958.^^Colorado River, Geomorphology^article^:
^1971^Staveley, Gaylord^Staveley, Gaylord (1971): Broken Waters Sing: Rediscovering Two Great Rivers of the West. Little, Brown and Company, Boston/toronto.^^Colorado River, Dams, Glen Canyon^book^:
^1992^Stegner, Wallace^Stegner, Wallace (1992): Beyond the Hundredth Meridian. Penguin Books Ltd, Penguin Books USA Inc. 438 Pages.^^Colorado River, Exploration, History, Maps^book^:
^1947^Stein, Ewald A.^Stein, Ewald A. (1947): Legend of the Hassayampa, and the Valley Through Which it Flows. Personally published.^A short discussion of the breech of the Walnut Grove dam and the poems from the Title.^Hassayampa River, Walnut Grove Dam^book^:
^1974^Sterling, K. B.^Sterling, K.B. (1974): The Last of the Naturalists - The Career of C. Hart Merriam. Arno Press, New York.^^Anglos, Biography, Biology, Colorado River^book^:
^1988^Stevens, Joseph E.^Stevens, Joseph E. (1988): Hoover Dam: An American Adventure. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Colorado River, Hoover Dam^book^:
^1976^Stevens, Lawrence E.^Stevens, Lawrence E. (1976): An Insect Inventory of the Grand Canyon. In: An Ecological Survey of the Riparian Zone of the Colorado River Between Lees Ferry and the Grand Wash Cliffs, Arizona: Final Research Report. (Eds: Carothers, Steven W. & Stewart W. Aitchison) (Colorado River Research Program Technical Report, No. 10.) U.S. National Park Service, Washington, D. C., 123-127.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Insects, Riparian Areas, Surveys^chapter^:
^1976^Stevens, Lawrence E.^Stevens, Lawrence E. (1976): Insect Production on Native and Introduced Dominant Plant Species. In: An Ecological Survey of the Riparian Zone of the Colorado River Between Lees Ferry and the Grand Wash Cliffs, Arizona: Final Research Report. (Eds: Carothers, Steven W. & Stewart W. Aitchison) (Colorado River Research Program Technical Report, No. 10.) U.S. National Park Service, Washington, D. C., 129-135.^^Colorado River, Exotic Species, Insects, Native Species^chapter^:
^1977^Stevens, Lawrence E.;Brown, Bryan T.;Simpson, James M.;Johnson, R. Roy^Stevens, Lawrence E., Bryan T. Brown, James M. Simpson & R.Roy Johnson (1977): The Importance of Riparian Habitat to Migrating Birds. In: The Importance, Preservation and Management of the Riparian Habitat. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy & Dale A. Jones) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, GTR-RM43.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, 156-164.^"Seven pairs of study sites in riparian and adjacent, nonriparian habitats were censused for spring migrant passerines. Riparian plots contained up to 10.6 times the number of migrants per hectare found on adjacent, nonriparian plots. Stop-over habitat selection is indicated by differing migrant densities and species diversities in various habitats. Passerine migration strategies are Discussed."^Birds, Migration, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1932^Steward, J. H.^Steward, J.H. (1932): Ecological Aspects of Southwestern Society. Anthropos 32, 87-104.^^Ecology, Human Impact^article^:
^1979^Stewart, D. M.^Stewart, D.M. (1979): The Life and Times of Colonel Claude H. Birdseye, Explorer, Surveyor, Geographer, Soldier, Humanitarian. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 11, 130.^^Anglos, Biography, Colorado River, Exploration^article^:
^1963^Stewart, O. C.^Stewart, O.C. (1963): Barriers to Understanding the Influence of the Use of Fire. In: Proceedings of the Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference. Vol. 2. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, Florida, 117-126.^^Anthology/proceedings, Fire, Forests/woodlands^chapter^:
^1955^Stewart, O. C.^Stewart, O.C. (1955): Forest and Grass Burning in the Mountain West. Southwest Lore 21, 5-8.^^Fire, Grasslands^article^:
^1955^Stewart, O. C.^Stewart, O.C. (1955): Forest and Grass Burning in the Mountain West. Southwest Lore 20, 42-46, 59-64.^^Fire, Forests/woodlands, Grasslands^article^:
^1986^Stieber, M. T.;Lange, C.^Stieber, M.T. & C. Lange (1986): Augustus Fendler (1813-1883), Professional Plant Collector: Selected Correspondence with George Engelmann. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 73, 520-531.^^Botany, Vegetation^article^:
^1924^Still, Roland^Still, Roland (1924): Roosevelt Arizona. (manuscript on file at University of Arizona Library, Special Collections)^^Roosevelt Dam, Salt River^other^:
^1991^Stockel, H. H.^Stockel, H.H. (1991): Women of the Apache Nation. University of Nevada, Las Vegas and Reno.^^Apaches, Biography^book^:
^1995^Stocker, Joseph^Stocker, Joseph (1995): Return of the Beaver: Rascally Rodent Extraordinaire. Arizona Highways 71(1, January), 16-17.^^Beaver^article^:
^1975^Stockton, Charles W.^Stockton, Charles W. (1975): Long-Term Stream-flow Records Reconstructed from Tree Rings. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 111 Pages.^^Climate, Dendrochronology, Streamflow^book^:
^1975^Stockton, Charles W.;Meko, David M.^Stockton, Charles W. & David M. Meko (1975): A Long-Term History of Drought Occurrence in Western United States as Inferred from Tree Rings. Weatherwise (December), 244-249.^Few climatic events have greater potential economic impact than widespread drought in the western United States. When drought parched the Rocky Mountain region and the Great Plains in the 1930's and again in the 1950's, food shortages were forestalled only because huge grain surpluses existed from years preceding the droughts. Today, with our grain surpluses smaller and our grain exports larger, another drought as severe as that of 1934 could have far-reaching economic ramifications. Thus it is important to understand how susceptible the western United States is to widespread Drought.^Climate, Dendrochronology, Drought^article^:
^1973^Stoiber, P. E.^Stoiber, P.E. (1973): Use of the U.S. General Land Office Survey Notes for Investigating Vegetation Change in Southern Arizona. University of Arizona, Tucson. (MA Thesis)^^Land Records, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1980^Stokes, M. A.;Dieterich, J. H.^Stokes, M.A. & J.H. Dieterich (Eds.) (1980): Fire History Workshop: Proceedings. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado. 142 Pages.^^Anthology/proceedings, Fire^book^:
^1986^Stone, Connie L.^Stone, Connie L. (1986): Deceptive Desolation: Prehistory of the Sonoran Desert in West Central Arizona. (Cultural Resource Series, No. 1.) Bureau of Land Management, AZ State Office, Phoenix.^^Archaeology, Human Impact, Indians, Sonoran Desert^book^:
^1977^Stone, Connie L.;Rice, Glen E.^Stone, Connie L. & Glen E. Rice (1977): Reservoir: an Archaeology Sample Survey of the Alamo Reservoir. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles. 36 Pages.^^Archaeology, Bill Williams River, Surveys^book^:
^1970^Stone, J. L.^Stone, J.L. (1970): Cottonwood Clearance Program on the Verde River and its Tributaries. (Comprehen-sive Report, FW 16-10.) Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix.^^Cottonwood-willow Forests, Vegetation Removal, Verde River^book^:
^1975^Story, Mark^Story, Mark (1975): Water Quality and Riparian Vegetation, West Fork Oak Creek. USDA Forest Service, Flagstaff, Arizona.^^Oak Creek, Riparian Areas, Water Quality^book^:
^1974^Story, Mark;Burbridge, B.^Story, Mark & B. Burbridge (1974): Watershed and Wildlife Habitat Survey Report on the Verde River Between Cottonwood Basin and Fossil Creek. USDA Forest Service, Flagstaff, Arizona.^^Fossil Creek, Habitat, Surveys, Verde River, Watershed, Wildlife^book^:
^1899^Straud, Robert R.;Prathan, Frank^Straud, Robert R. & Frank Prathan (1899): Number of Canals and Ditches and Their Capacity, Acreage of Crops on Verde River. Arizona Water Company, Phoenix.^^Agriculture, Canals, Irrigation, Verde River^book^:
^1993^Stromberg, Juliet C.^Stromberg, Juliet C. (1993): Fremont Cottonwood-Goodding Willow Riparian Forests: A Review of Their Ecology, Threats, and Recovery Potential. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 27, 97-110.^^Cottonwood-willow Forests, Ecology, Human Impact, Restoration, Vegetation^article^:
^1993^Stromberg, Juliet C.^Stromberg, Juliet C. (1993): Riparian Mesquite Forests: A Review of Their Ecology, Threats, and Recovery Potential. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 27, 111-124.^^Ecology, Mesquite Trees, Restoration, Riparian Areas, Vegetation^article^:
^1993^Stromberg, Juliet C.^Stromberg, Juliet C. (1993): Instream Flow Models for Mixed Deciduous Riparian Vegetation Within a Semiarid Region. Regulated Rivers-Research and Management 8, 225-235.^^Riparian Areas, Streamflow^article^:
^1991^Stromberg, Juliet C.;Patten, Duncan T.;Richter, Brian D.^Stromberg, Juliet C., Duncan T. Patten & Brian D. Richter (1991): Flood Flows and Dynamics of Sonoran Riparian Forests. Rivers 2(3), 221-235.^^Floods, Geomorphology, Riparian Areas, Vegetation^article^:
^1993^Stromberg, Juliet C.;Richter, Brian D.;Patten, Duncan T.;Wolden, L. G.^Stromberg, Juliet C., Brian D. Richter, Duncan T. Patten & L.G. Wolden (1993): Response of a Sonoran Riparian Forest to a 10-Year Return Flood. Great Basin Naturalist 53(2), 118-130.^^Floods, Hassayampa River, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1996^Stromberg, Juliet C.;Tiller, Ronald;Richter, Brian^Stromberg, Juliet C., Tiller, Ronald & Richter, Brian (in press): Predicting Effects of Gradual Groundwater Decline on Riparian Vegetation in a Semiarid Region: Case Study of the San Pedro River, Arizona, USA. Ecological Applications.^^Groundwater, San Pedro River, Vegetation Change, Water Loss^article^:
^1992^Stromberg, Juliet C.;Tress, J. A.;Wilkins, Scott D.;Clark, S.^Stromberg, Juliet C., Tress, J.A., Wilkins, Scott D. & Clark, S. (1992): Response of Velvet Mesquite to Groundwater Decline. Journal of Arid Environments 23, 45-58.^^Groundwater, Mesquite Trees, Vegetation, Water Loss^article^:
^1971^Stroute, C. L.^Stroute, C.L. (1971): Flora and Fauna Mentioned in the Journals of the Coronado Expedition. Great Plains Journal 11, 5-40.^^Gila River, San Pedro River, Spanish, Surveys, Vegetation, Wildlife^article^:
^1994^Stuebner, Stephen^Stuebner, Stephen (1994): Bullish on Beavers. National Wildlife (April/May), 24-27.^^Beaver^article^:
^1992^Sullivan, M. E.;Richardson, M. E.^Sullivan, M.E. & M.E. Richardson (1992): Verde River Advanced Identification, Functions and Values of the Riparian Ecosystem of the Upper Verde River and Assessment of the Adverse Impacts to these Resources. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Phoenix. 232 Pages.^^Environmental Change, Human Impact, Surveys, Verde River^book^:
^1979^Summerhayes, Martha^Summerhayes, Martha (1979): Vanished Arizona: Recollections of the Army Life of a New England Woman. 1911 ed. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.^From the Introduction by Dan L. Thrapp: "Beneath the fresh Atlantic salt-breezes of Nantucket Island, Martha Dunham was born into a cultured Puritan household as befit a descendant of Jonathan Edwards. Bitterly convinced that she was misplaced amid the blistering, wind-blown grit clouds of the nineteenth-century Arizona desert, she yet went out there willingly in response to a greater call: 'I had cast my lot with a soldier and where he was, was home to me, ' as she explained, thirty eventful years Later."^Anglos, Biography, Colorado River, Fort Mcdowell, Military, Steamboats, White Mountains^book^:
^1870^Surgeon General's Office, U. S. War Department^Surgeon General's Office, U.S.War Department (1870): A Report on Barracks and Hospitals, With Descriptions of Military Posts. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^"Because military posts were all by water..." - Barb Tellman^disease, Military^book^:
^1970^Swain, D. C.^Swain, D.C. (1970): Wilderness Defender, Horace M. Albright, and Conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.^^Biography, Colorado River, Preservation^book^:
^1914^Swarth, H. S.^Swarth, H.S. (1914): A Distributional List of the Birds of Arizona. (Pacific Coast Avifauna, No. 10.) Cooper Ornithological Club, Los Angeles. 133 Pages.^^Birds, Surveys^book^:
^1905^Swarth, H. S.^Swarth, H.S. (1905): Summer Birds of the Apache Indian Reservation and of the Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona. Condor 7, 22-28, 47-50, 77-81.^^Birds, Mountains, Santa Cruz County, White Mountains^article^:
^1905^Swarth, H. S.^Swarth, H.S. (1905): Summer Birds of the Papago Indian Reservation and of the Santa Rita Mountains. Condor 7, 22-28.^^Birds, Mountains, Pima County, Santa Cruz River, Sonoran Desert^article^:
^1904^Swarth, H. S.^Swarth, H.S. (1904): Birds of the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. (Pacific Coast Avifauna, No. 70.) Cooper Ornithological Club, Los Angeles.^^Birds, San Pedro River, Sky Islands^book^:
^1956^Sweeny, Lt Thomas W.^Sweeny, Lt Thomas W. (1956): Journal of Lt. Thomas W. Sweeny, 1849-1853. (Great West and Indian Series, No. 7.) Westernlore Press, Los Angeles. 278 Pages.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Gila River, Indians, Military, Yuma^book^:
^1928^Swenk, M. H.;Swenk, J. B.^Swenk, M.H. & J.B. Swenk (1928): Some Impressions of the Commoner Winter Birds of Southern Arizona. Wilson Bulletin 40, 17-29.^^Birds, Migration^article^:
^1985^Swenson, Edwin A.;Mullins, Charles L.^Swenson, Edwin A. & Charles L. Mullins (1985): Revegetating Riparian Trees in Southwestern Floodplains. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.R., C.D. Ziebell., D.R. Patton, P.F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 135-138. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^Riparian areas continue to be drastically altered, usually by man's activities. Managers have generally been unsuccessful in using conventional techniques to replace riparian trees. Our experiments with Rio Grande cottonwood, narrowleaf cottonwood, and Gooding willow have shown that a simple and inexpensive method for their reestablishment is now Available.^Cottonwood-willow Forests, Ecosystems, Restoration, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1993^Swetnam, T. W.^Swetnam, Thomas W. (1993): Temporal Patterns of El Nino/Southern Oscillation-Wildfire Teleconnections in the Southwestern United States. In: El Nino: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation. (Eds: Diaz, Henry F. & Vera Markgraf) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 476.^^Climate, Fire, Precipitation^chapter^:
^1990^Swetnam, T. W.^Swetnam, Thomas W. (1990): Fire History and Climate in the Southwestern United States. In: Effects of Fire in Management of Southwestern Natural Resources. (Ed: Krammes, J.S.) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-191.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 6-17.^Fire occurances in the past three centuries was examined with historic records from documents and fire scarred Trees.^Climate, Fire^chapter^:
^1989^Swetnam, T. W.;Baisan, C. H.;Brown, P. M.;Caprio, A. C.^Swetnam, Thomas W., Baisan, C.H., Brown, P.M. & Caprio, A.C. (1989): Fire History of Rhyolite Canyon, Chiricahua National Monument. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Technical Report No. 32.^"Fire scar samples collected from areas along the length of Rhyolite Canyon were dendrochronologically analyzed to reconstruct three centuries of fire History."^Chiricahuas, Dendrochronology, Fire^other^:
^1990^Swetnam, T. W.;Betancourt, J. L.^Swetnam, Thomas W. & J.L. Betancourt (1990): Fire and Southern Oscillation Relations in the Southwestern United States. Science 249, 1017-1020.^Fire scar and tree growth (1700-1905) and fire statistics (since 1905) from Arizona and New Mexico show that areas burn after wet springs associated with the low phase of the Southern Oscillation (SO), whereas large areas burn after dry springs associated with the high phase of the So.^Climate, Fire^article^:
^1992^Swetnam, T. W.;Christopher, H.;Caprio, A. C.;Brown, P. M.^Swetnam, Thomas W., H. Christopher, A.C. Caprio & P.M. Brown (1992): Fire and Flood History in Rhyolite Canyon, Chricahua National Monument. In: Chiricahua Mountains Research Symposium Proceedings. Southwest Parks and Monuments Association, Tucson, 46-49.^"It is reported that the most common season of fire occurrence in southern Arizona in pre-Anglo settlement times was the late spring to middle Summer."^Anthology/proceedings, Chiricahuas, Dendrochronology, Fire, Floods^chapter^:
^1926^Swift, T. T.^Swift, T.T. (1926): Date of Channel Trenching in the Southwest. Science 63, 70-71.^^Arroyos, Erosion, Geomorphology^article^:
^1978^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey (1978): Command Post at Andrade. Journal of Arizona History 19(1, Spring), 73-90.^In 1901 Southern California tapped the Colorado River and began using the water for irrigation in the great Salton Sink. In 1905 the river broke loose and sent its flow westward through a new channel, forming the Salton Sea. More than two years went by before it could be brought back into its normal course, and for a long time thereafter unceasing vigilance was the price of safety along the western bank. The story is one of the most unusual chapters in Southwestern history and a summary of events is essential to an understanding of the essay which Follows...^Canals, Colorado River, Irrigation^article^:
^1976^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey (1976): Five Walked Out! The Search for Port Isabel. Journal of Arizona History (Summer), 127-136.^Where is, or even where was, port Isabel - a busy shipyard and transfer point at the mouth of the Colorado River during the great days of steamboat traffic? Large craft could lay up there for repairs while cargo was being transferred to shallow draft stern-wheelers for the long haul upstream. Abandoned in 1878, a year after the railroad reached Arizona and removed its reason for existence, it lies somehwere out on the vast tidal flats of the Colorado delta, lost and forgotten. For years I had wanted to locate it and on April 5, 1975, with four venturesome friends, I was ready to Try.^Colorado River, Steamboats^article^:
^1944^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey (1944): A Westerly Trend. Arizona Pioneer's Historical Society, Tucson, Arizona. 332 Pages.^^Anglos, Biography, Colorado River, San Francisco Mountains, Tucson^book^:
^1942^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey (1942): By Boat to the Lake of Mystery. The Desert Magazine (September), 19-24.^In 1891 when Southern Pacific trainmen reported the sudden appearance of a mysterious 'lake' in the great desert basin west of the Algodones sand dunes, the people of Yuma became alarmed lest the rising waters should cut off their rail communication with the Pacific coast. Many theories were advanced as to the source of this strange body of water. Godfrey Sykes, then a youth looking for adventure, volunteered to go down the Colorado river in a skiff and see whether the new lake was being fed by overflow waters from the river, or by rising tides in the Gulf of California, as some Yumans suspected. Sykes is now residing at Tucson, Arizona, and here is the story of that hazardous boat trip, written especially for readers of Desert Magazine.^Colorado River, Salton Sea^article^:
^1939^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey^Sykes, Glenton Godfre. (1939): Rio Santa Cruz of Arizona; A Paradigm Desert Stream-Way. On file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson. (92 pages)^Desert drainage-ways are of three sorts: (1) Through-flowing rivers, which, as large streams, have their chief gathering basins extralimital, in the highlands outside of the desert, in humid regions; (2) intermittent streams, which take rise in desert mountains, flow into the desert but not out of it, and are larger at their upper ends than in their lower reaches; and (3) dry creeks, or arroyos, which only run water during infrequent and sporadic showers to which the desert is subject. The Rio Santa Cruz of Arizona belongs to the second of these Classes.^Hydrology, Intermittent Streams, Santa Cruz River^other^:
^1938^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey (1938): End of a Great Delta. Geological Publishing Company, Des Moines.^^Colorado River, Water Loss^book^:
^1937^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey (1937): The Colorado Delta. (Series Ed: Hoerg, W.L.G.) Carnegie Institution of Washington and the American Geographical Society of New York, Washington, D. C. (American Geographical Society Special Publication No.^^Colorado River Delta, Description^book^:
^1937^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey (1937): Delta, Estuary and Lower Portion of the Channel of the Colorado River, 1933-1935. (Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication, No. 80.) Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C. 70 Pages.^^Colorado River Delta, Description^book^:
^1931^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey (1931): An Historical Record. Grand Canyon Nature Notes 5(12), 123-124.^^Biology, Colorado River^article^:
^1989^Szaro, Robert C.^Szaro, Robert C. (1989): Riparian Forest and Scrubland Community Types of Arizona and New Mexico. Desert Plants (Special Issue) 9(3-4), 1-138.^In 1982, Desert Plants published Biotic Communities of the American Southwest - United States and Mexico as Volume 4, Numbers 1-4. It represented a general classification of the natural vegetation of the region indicated in the title, with a description of each general community type. It has proven by far the most appreciated of all items published to date in Desert Plants, as shown by a general showering of praise by subscribers. It continues to sell very well in the back-issue aftermarket, so that more than 9, 000 copies are in circulation, with orders showing no signs of abating. In this same class of ecological, phytosociological, or natural community oriented publication, the Boyce Thompson Arboretum now takes great pride in disseminating this present Riparian Forest and Scrubland Community Types of Arizona and New Mexico by Robert C. Szaro of the USDA Forest Service. It is of the same general high standard of quality as Biotic Communities and both are products of the Rocky Mountain Forest Experiment Station, an important research arm of the USDA Forest Service. This present publication represents a further precision in separating and characterizing the riparian forest and scrubland communities indicated in the title. It makes it possible for anyone to identify with precision each of 28 vegetation types, characteristics of the plants which typify each community in Arizona and New Mexico, the vegetational parameters of each community, relationships to other types, and pertinent studies that have been previously published. Appendices rank each riparian tree or shrub species a) by elevation in meters, b) by stream gradient (fall in meters per kilometer), and c) by compass direction of streamflow in Degrees.^Classification, Ecosystems, Riparian Areas, Shrubs^article^:
^1985^Szaro, Robert C.;Belfit, Scott C.;Aitkin, J. Kevin;Rinne, John N.^Szaro, Robert C., Scott C. Belfit, J.Kevin Aitkin & John N. Rinne (1985): Impact of Grazing on a Riparian Garter Snake. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.R., C.D. Ziebell., D.R. Patton, P.F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Exper-iment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 359-363. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^"Numbers of wandering garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans vagrans) were significantly higher where cattle grazing was excluded than along grazed portions of Rio de las Vacas, a high elevation thin-leaf alder - willow riparian community in northern New Mexico. Differences can be attributed to the regeneration of streamside vegetation and the increased amount of organic Debris."^Environmental Change, Grazing, Reptiles, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1986^Tagg, Martyn D.;Jones, A. T.;Huckell, L. W.^Tagg, Martyn D., A.T. Jones & L.W. Huckell (1986): The Tuzigoot Survey and Three Small Verde Valley Projects. Publications in Antrhopology ed. Western Archaeological and Conservation Center, Tucson. 162 Pages.^^Archaeology, Sinagua Culture, Verde River^book^:
^1977^Tanner, George S.;Richards J. Morris^Tanner, George S. & J. Morris Richards (1977): Colonization on the Little Colorado: The Joseph City Region. Northland Press, Flagstaff.^^Agriculture, Dam Collapse, Dams, Little Colorado River, Mormons^book^:
^1970^Taylor, Dwight W.^Taylor, Dwight W. (1970): West American Freshwater Mollusca, 1: Bibliography of Pleistocene and Recent Species. San Diego Society of Natural History, San Diego. 74 Pages.^^Bibliography, Invertebrates^book^:
^1934^Taylor, W. P.^Taylor, W.P. (1934): Coati Added to the List of United States Mammals. Journal of Mammalogy 15, 317-318.^^Mammals^article^:
^1987^Taylor, Z.^Taylor, Z. (1987): Reflections on the Past as it Rolled Along. Humboldt Publishing, Humboldt, Arizona.^^Anglos, Biography, Verde River^book^:
^1984^Teague, Lynn S.;Crown, Patricia L.^Teague, Lynn S. & Patricia L. Crown (1984): Hohokam Archaeology Along the Salt-Gila Aqueduct, Central Arizona Project, Volume VII: Environment and Subsistence. Tucson, Arizona; Cultural Resource Management Division, Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona; Archaeological Series No. 150.^^Archaeology, Canals, Gila River, Hohokam, Salt River, Surveys^other^:
^1994^Teal,Louise^Teal,Louise (1994):Breaking Into the Current. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson and London. 178 Pages.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon^book^:
^1913^Teggart, Frederick J. (Ed.)^Teggart, Frederick J. (Ed.) (1913):The Anza Expedition of 1775-1776: Diary of Pedro Font. Vol. 3. (Publications of the Academy of Pacific Coast History, 1.) University of California, Berkeley. (131)^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, Santa Cruz River, Spanish^book^:
^1994^Tellman, Barbara^Tellman, Barbara (1994): My Well v. Your Surface Water Rights: How Western States Manage Interconnected Groundwater and Surface Water. Water Resources Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson. 77 Pages.^^Water Law^book^:
^1992^Tellman,Barbara^Tellman,Barbara (1992):Arizona's Effluent Dominated Riparian Areas: Issues and Opportunities. (, Issue Paper No. 12.) Water Resources Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Water Quality, Water Supply^book^:
^1928^Tenney, James Brand^Tenney, James Brand (1927-1929): History of Mining in Arizona. Arizona Bureau of Geology and Mineral Technology, Geological Survey Branch, Tucson.^^History, Mining^book^:
^1972^Terrell, J. U.^Terrell, J.U. (1972): Apache Chronicle. World Publications, New York. 411 Pages.^^Apaches^book^:
^1954^Tevis, James H.^Tevis, James H. (1954): Arizona in the '50s. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.^^History^book^:
^1984^Thames, John L.^Thames, John L. (1984): The Effect of Stockponds on Downstream Surface Water Yield. School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Grazing, San Pedro River, Streamflow, Surface Water^book^:
^1978^The Centennial Committee^The Centennial Committee (1978):The Life and Times of Snowflake, 1878-1978: A History in Stories. The Centennial Committee, Snowflake, Arizona. 112 Pages.^^Cottonwood Wash, History^book^:
^1962^Thomas, H. E.^Thomas, H.E. (1962): The Meteorologic Phenomenon of Drought in the Southwest. (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 372-A.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^Climate, Drought^book^:
^1956^Thomas, Jr, W L.^Thomas, Jr, W L. (Ed.) (1956): Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.^^Environmental Change, Human Impact^book^:
^1895^Thompson, William^Thompson, William (1895): Beset in Aravaipa Canyon. Lippincott's's Monthly Magazine 60(June), 845-851.^^Anglos, Aravaipa Creek, Diaries/memoirs/letters^article^:
^1910^Thornber, J. J.^Thornber, J.J. (1910): The Grazing Ranges of Arizona. (Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, No. 65.) University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Grasses, Grazing^book^:
^1942^Thornwaite, C. W.^Thornwaite, C.W. (1942): Climate and Accelerated Erosion in the Arid and Semi-Arid Southwest. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (USDA Science Education Administration Technical Bulletin)^^Climate, Erosion, Geomorphology^book^:
^1988^Thrapp, D. L.^Thrapp, D.L. (1988): Encyclopedia of Frontier Biography. The Arthur H. Clark Co., Glendale, California. (4 Volumes)^^Anglos, Anthology/proceedings, Biography, Exploration^book^:
^1966^Thwaites, Reuben Gold^Thwaites, Reuben Gold (Ed.) (1966): Early Western Travels (A Series). Arthur H. Clark Co., Cleveland.^^Anglos, Exploration, Journals, Trails/roads^book^:
^1905^Thwaites, Reuben Gold^Thwaites, Reuben Gold (1905): The Personal Narrative of James O. Pattie of Kentucky. The Arthur H. Clark Company, Cleveland, Ohio.^During an expedition from St. Louis, through the vast regions between that place and the Pacific Ocean, and thence back through the city of Mexico to Vera Cruz, during journeyings of six years, etc. Edited by Timothy Flint (1833).^Anglos, Beaver, Bill Williams River, Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Hunting/fishing/trapping, Journals, Salt River, San Francisco River, San Pedro River^book^:
^1982^Tiller, Kerry S.^Tiller, Kerry S. (1982): Charleston Townsite Revisited. Journal of Arizona History 23, 242-248.^^Cochise County, Mining, San Pedro River^article^:
^1984^Tiner, Jr, RW^Tiner, Jr, RW (1984): Wetlands of the United States: Current Status and Recent Trends. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 59 Pages.^^Surveys, Wetlands^book^:
^1969^Tinker,George H.^Tinker,George H. (1969):Northern Arizona and Flagstaff in 1887: The People and Resources. The Arthur H. Clark Company, Glendale, California. 62 Pages.^^Cattle, Colorado River, Mining, Railroads, Timber^book^:
^1986^Todd, Richard L.^Todd, Richard L. (1986): . Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix. 290 Pages.^^Birds, Endangered Species, Wetlands^book^:
^1987^Topping,Gary^Topping,Gary (1987):Charles Kelly's Glen Canyon Ventures and Adventures. Utah Historical Quarterly 55(2, Fall), 120-136.^^Boats, Colorado River, Glen Canyon^article^:
^1853^Torrey, John^Torrey, John (1853): Botany. In: Report of an Expedition down the Zuni and Colorado Rivers. (Ed: Sitgreaves, L.) (Senate Executive Document, No. 59.) 32nd U.S. Congress, 2nd Session, Washington, D. C., 153-178.^^Botany, Colorado River, Exploration, Little Colorado River, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1891^Toumey, J. W.^Toumey, J.W. (1891): Overstocking the Range. (Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, No. 2.) University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Environmental Change, Erosion, Grasslands, Grazing^book^:
^1890^Toumey, J. W.^Toumey, J.W. (1890): Irrigation in Arizona. Agricultural Extension Bulletin No. 2 ed. Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Irrigation^book^:
^1895^Townsend, C. H. T.^Townsend, C.H.T. (1895): On the Bio-Geography of Mexico, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, with Special Reference to the Limits of the Life Areas. Transcripts of the Texas Academy of Science 1, 71-96.^^Biogeography, New Mexico^article^:
^1888^Tracey, S. M.^Tracey, S.M. (1888): Report of an Investigation of the Grasses of the Arid Districts of New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah. (USDA Division of Botany Bulletin, No. 6.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Grasses, Grasslands, New Mexico^book^:
^1980^Trafzer, Clifford E.^Trafzer, Clifford E. (1980): Yuma: Frontier Crossing of the Far Southwest. Western Heritage Books, Inc., Wichita.^The one-armed, fiery Irishman, Lieutenant Thomas Sweeny, candidly asked himself, 'What, in the name of common sense, could be the object of our government in establishing a military post at the mouth of the Gila River?' This god-awful place, according to the lieutenant, was surrounded 'by at least two hundred and fifty miles of sandy desert in every direction, upon which no living thing (except an occasional lizard) is to be seen, either upon its dreary surface, or in the air above, and where wood, water, and grass ... are as scarce as snow storms in the tropics.' Sweeny was not favorably impressed with the region surrounding the confluence of the Gila and Colorado Rivers, but this land of 'jackrabbits and coyotes' had already played a significant role in the history of the American Southwest by the time Sweeny was stationed here in 1851. Indeed, the Yuma Crossing had witnessed many frontier experiences during the centuries that preceded Sweeny's arrival, and it continues to do so Today.^Colorado River, Exploration, Ferries, Gila River, Railroads, Spanish, Steamboats, Yuma^book^:
^1993^Tremble, M.^Tremble, M. (1993): The Little Colorado River. RM-226 ed. U.S. Forest Service, Fort Collins.^^Description, Ecology, Little Colorado River^book^:
^1995^Tresidder, Dennis^Tresidder, Dennis (1995): History of Game Management in Arizona. Arizona Wildlife Views 38(2, February), 2-5.^The year 1881 was significant in Arizona history. That was the year of the infamous shootout at the O.K. Corral in Tombstone, the year that the city of Phoenix was incorporated, and the first telegraph lines were strung to connect Tucson, Yuma, and Tombstone. Arizona was still a territory with a population of about 42, 000 people. In that same year, the Arizona fish Commission was formed. The Commission consisted of three members, who had the unenviable task of enforcing the few game laws that existed in Arizona at that Time.^Game Management, History, Wildlife^article^:
^1980^Trimble, Stephen^Trimble, Stephen (1980): Paria Journal. Plateau 52(1), 18-25.^^Description, Journals, Paria River^article^:
^1971^Trischka, C.^Trischka, C. (1971): A History of Cochise County. Cochise Quarterly 1(3, September), 3-21.^^Cochise County, History, San Pedro River^article^:
^1963^Tuck, Frank J.^Tuck, Frank J. (1963): History of Mining in Arizona. 2nd Revisited ed. Department of Mineral Resources, Phoenix, Arizona.^^History, Mining, San Pedro River^book^:
^1984^Tunnicliff, Brock;Brickler, Stanley K.^Tunnicliff, Brock & Stanley K. Brickler (1984): Recreational Water Quality Analyses of the Colorado River Corridor in Grand Canyon. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 48, 909-917.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Recreation, Water Quality^article^:
^1982^Tunnicliff, Brock;Brickler, Stanley K.^Tunnicliff, Brock & Brickler, Stanley K. (1982): Water Quality Monitoring in the Colorado River Corridor: Lees Ferry to Diamond Creek, 1981. University of Arizona, Tucson. 76 Pages.^^Colorado River, Water Quality^book^:
^1975^Turhollow, Anthony F.^Turhollow, Anthony F. (1975): A History of the Los Angeles District, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1898-1965. U.S. Army Engineer District, Los Angeles.^^Colorado River, Dams, Floods, Gila River, Government, History^book^:
^1983^Turner, B.^Turner, B. (1983): Recreation Impacts on Riparian Vegetation along the Lower Salt River. MS Thesis, Arizona State University. 115 P.^^Human Impact, Recreation, Salt River^other^:
^1966^Turner, Henry Smith^Turner, Henry Smith (1966): The Original Journals of Henry Smith Turner, With Stephen Watts Kearny to New Mexico and California 1846-1847. (Series Ed: Clarke, Dwight L.) University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Anglos, Exploration, Gila River, Journals^book^:
^1974^Turner, Raymond M.^Turner, Raymond M. (1974): Quantitative and Historical Evidence of Vegetation Changes Along the Upper Gila River, Arizona. (Gila River Phreatophyte Project) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 655-H)^Vegetation maps showing past conditions along a 24-kilometer reach of the upper Gila River valley were compared with a recent vegetation map and changes in vegetation were determined. The maps, which were made during 1914, 1937, 1944, and 1964, provide a quantitative record of changes through half a Century.^Exotic Species, Gila River, Saltcedar, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1980^Turner, Raymond M.;Karpiscak, Martin M.^Turner, Raymond M. & Martin M. Karpiscak (1980): Recent Vegetation Changes Along the Colorado River Between Glen Canyon Dam and Lake Mead, Arizona. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 1132)^^Colorado River, Environmental Change, Exotic Species, Glen Canyon Dam, Lake Mead, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1943^Turner, S. F. et al.^Turner, S.F. et al. (1943): Ground-Water Resources of the Santa Cruz Basin, Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey, Open-file Report.^^Groundwater, Santa Cruz River^other^:
^1929^Turney, Omar A.^Turney, Omar A. (1929): Prehistoric Irrigation. Arizona Historical Review 2(1-4). (4 parts in successive issues)^A discussion of the prehistoric irrigation systems around Phoenix, Arizona, may include an outline of their discovery by pioneer settlers and some of the descriptions which have long been accepted as authoritative. Owing to the difficulty of obtaining copies of those reports, and to the farther fact that field observations are becoming impossible, it seems best to recall the early conditions with such a degree of fullness as to render it unnecessary for future archaeologists to go back of this report, with the exception of the physical anthropologists, who still have recourse to the technical paper of Dr. Washington Matthews.^Agriculture, Hohokam, Irrigation, Salt River^article^:
^1901^Turney, Omar A.^Turney, Omar A. (1901): Water Supply and Irrigation on the Verde River and Tributaries. Cleveland Daily Record Publisher, Cleveland.^^Irrigation, Verde River, Water Supply^book^:
^1928^Tuttle, Lieutenant E. D.^Tuttle, Lieutenant E.D. (1928): The River Colorado. Arizona Historical Review 1(2, July), 50-68.^The American people are united in determination to develop the full resources of this great stream which has for untold ages been rolling its yellow flood from its sources in the snowy peaks of the Rockies and its auxilliary ranges, down to the Gulf of California and, in the process of time, has cut its way through the Grand Canyon; through its different strata of marble pillars, castellated sandstones, granite peaks, great beds of schists, shales and carboniferous deposits; carving out valleys, filling depressions, and carrying life to the dry desert wastes until it found a resting place in its great mother, the ocean. No one lives to tell its story; no human record had been kept, but the record is there to be read by the student of geology in the walls of the mile-deep canyon of its upper reaches, registered as the footprints of time. The rocks and shells of the ages past tell us how high or how low its red turbid waters have rolled in its maddening glee, or silently glided to the Sea.^Colorado River, Description, Ferries, Geology, History, Indians, Steamboats^article^:
^1994^Tweit, R. M.;Finch D. M.^Tweit, R.M. & D. M. Finch (1994): Aberts Towhee (Pipilo aberti). In: The Birds of North America. Vol. III. (Eds: Pode, A. & F. Gill) Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, Washington, D. C.^^Birds^chapter^:
^1964^Tyler, Sgt Daniel^Tyler, Sgt Daniel (1964): A Concise History of the Mormon Battalion in the Mexican War 1846-1847. 1881 ed. The Rio Grande Press Inc., Chicago.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Military, Mormons, San Pedro River^book^:
^1982^Tyus, H. M.;Burdick, B. D.;Valdez, R. Z.;Haynes, C. M.;Lytle, T. A.;Berry, C. R.^Tyus, H.M., B.D. Burdick, R.Z. Valdez, C.M. Haynes, T.A. Lytle & C.R. Berry (1982): Fishes of the Upper Colorado River Basin: Distribution, Abundance, and Status. In: Proceedings of the Symposium of the Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. (Eds: Miller, W.H. et al.) American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, 12-70.^^Anthology/proceedings, Colorado River, Fish^chapter^:
^1976^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers^U.S. Bureau of Land Management (1985): Gila Box Coordinated Resource Management Plan. Bureau of Land Management, Safford, Arizona.^^Floodplain, Maricopa County^book^:
^1976^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers^U.S. Bureau of Land Management (1959): The Public Land Records. Footnotes to American History. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Washington, D. C.^^Camp Verde, Floodplain, Verde River, Wet Beaver Creek, Yavapai County^book^:
^1975^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1976): Flood Plain Information for Maricopa County, Arizona. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles.^^Floodplain, West Clear Creek^book^:
^1975^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1976): Flood Plain Information: Camp Verde and Wet Beaver Creek; Vicinity of Lake Montezuma, Yavapai County, Arizona. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles. 27 Pages.^^Floodplain, Tanque Verde Creek^book^:
^1973^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1975): Flood Plain Information for West Clear Creek, Arizona. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles. 25 Pages.^^Floods, Gila River, San Carlos, Weather^book^:
^1973^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1975): Flood Plain Information for Tanque Verde Creek, Arizona. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles. 25 Pages.^^Floodplain, Pantano Wash, Rillito^book^:
^1990^U.S. Bureau of Land Management^U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (1976): San Pedro-Santa Cruz Project Arizona. Bureau of Reclamation, Washington, D. C.^^Riparian Areas, Wetlands^book^:
^1988^U.S. Bureau of Land Management^U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (1974): Upper Gila River Project. Bureau of Reclamation, Washington, D. C.^^Ecology, Refuges/preserves, San Pedro River^book^:
^1985^U.S. Bureau of Land Management^U.S. Bureau of Land Management (1990): Supplemental Information to the Arizona Riparian-Wetland Area Management Strategy. Bureau of Land Management, Phoenix. 19 Pages.^^Fire, Gila River, Grazing, Mining, Recreation, Vegetation^book^:
^1959^U.S. Bureau of Land Management^U.S. Bureau of Land Management (1988): San Pedro Riparian Management Plan and EIS for the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area. Bureau of Land Management, Safford.^The vast area known as the public domain includes lands acquired by the United States by treaty and purchase. In addition, land ceded by the Original Thirteen States was part of the original public domain. To keep land records and to record titles the General Land Office was established in 1812. Today, it is the Bureau of Land Management which is responsible for the conservation and management of public domain lands and resources on nearly a half-billion acres. From the granting of the first public land patent (deed) in 1788 through the years of expansion and settlement, the Bureau has kept a record of more than 7 million ownership titles on over 1 billion acres. These records settle conflicting claims relating to the public domain and the original transfer of ownership from the Federal Government. Much information of historical interest about the settling of the United States is contained in the public land records. Until recently, the methods of keeping the land records had changed very little since 1787. However, the records themselves had become brittle, faded, and torn from age and use. To preserve this valuable information, a new records system has been developed. This booklet tells the story of the public land records and explains the change from the old records to the New.^History, Land Records, Public Lands^book^:
^1976^U.S. Bureau of Reclamation^USDA Forest Service & U.S. Bureau of Land Management (1981): Wild and Scenic Rivers Study - San Francisco River. U.S. Forest Service and U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Washington DC. 152 Pages.^^Dams, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1974^U.S. Bureau of Reclamation^USDA Forest Service (1981): Verde River: Wild and Scenic River Study, Report and Environmental Impact Statement. USDA Forest Service Southwest Region, Santa Fe.^^Agriculture, Dams, Gila River^book^:
^1981^U.S. Department of Agriculture^U.S. Department of the Interior (1919): Gila River Flood Control. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Little Colorado River, Water Supply^book^:
^1946^U.S. Department of Agriculture^U.S. Department of the Interior (1946): The Colorado River - A Comprehensive Report on the Development of Water Resources of the Colorado River Basin for Irrigation, Power Production and Other Beneficial Uses in Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C.^^Climate, Precipitation, San Pedro River^book^:
^1939^U.S. Department of Agriculture^U.S. Department of Agriculture (Issued periodically): Climatological Data. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Weather Bureau, Arizona Section, Phoenix. (Periodic weather data from 1914 to Present)^^Agriculture, Grazing, Land Use, San Xavier, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1988^U.S. Department of the Interior^U.S. Geological Survey (1954): Compilation of Records of Surface Waters of the United States Through September 1950 - part 9, Colorado River Basin. (U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper, No. 1313.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. 749 Pages.^^Colorado River, Ecosystems, Glen Canyon Dam, Human Impact, Recreation, Vegetation^book^:
^1946^U.S. Department of the Interior^U.S. Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control, Arizona Dept. of Health Services & New Mexico Dept. of Health (1973): Report on Water Pollution Control: Little Colorado River Basin. Water Pollution Series 43 ed. Public Health Service, Washington D.c.^^Colorado River, Dams, Electricity, Irrigation, Water Supply^book^:
^1919^U.S. Department of the Interior^U.S. Department of the Interior (1988): Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Final Report: January 1988. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. 86 Pages.^^Floods, Gila River^book^:
^1973^U.S. Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control;Arizona Dept. of Health Services;New Mexico Dept. of Health^U.S. Geological Survey (1965): Publications of the Geological Survey, 1879-1961. U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^Little Colorado River, Water Quality^book^:
^1954^U.S. Geological Survey^U.S. Geological Survey (1972): Publications of the Geological Survey, 1962-1970. U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^Colorado River, Surface Water^book^:
^1906^U.S. Government Printing Office^U.S. Government Printing Office (1906): Destructive Floods in the U.S. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Floods, Gila River^book^:
^1877^U.S. Hydrographic Office^U.S. Hydrographic Office (1877): Mouth of the Colorado River Surveyed by the Officers of the U.S.S. Narragansett, Comdr. Geo. Dewey comdg., March 1875. U.S. Hydrographic Office. Chart 800. Scale 1:58, 000.^^Colorado River, Maps, Surveys^other^:
^1995^U.S. News in Water^U.S. News in Water (1995):Simulated Flooding to Give Colorado River a Wild Look. U.S. News in Water 12(6, December), 1, 4.^When 19th century explorer John Wesley Powell dirst charted the length of the Southwest's mighty Colorado River, his party of daring river runners routinely camped on sandbars beneath the cathedral-like walls of the Grand Canyon. After being held back for nearly 30 years by the 710-foot-high Blen Canyon Dam along the Utah-Arizona border, sand and silt deposits no longer form in the river to the exten that Powell saw them. Next spring, however, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation wants to open the dam's outlet gates a bit more to send a moderate flood down the Grand Canyon, in hopes that the historic complexion of the river can to some extent be Renewed.^Colorado River, Dams, Glen Canyon Dam, Human Impact^article^:
^1898^U.S. Senate^U.S. Senate (1898): A Bill Granting the Santa Fe and Grand Canyon Railroad Company Right of Way for Railroad Purposes Through the Grand Canyon Forest Reserve in Northern Arizona. 55th Congress, S. 4482, Washington, D. C. (Introduced in the Senate by Mr.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Railroads^book^:
^1992^U.S. Soil Conservation Service^U.S. Soil Conservation Service (1992): Natural Resource Restoration Plan for the Brawley Wash Watershed. USDA, Soil Conservation Service, Phoenix, Arizona.^^Brawley Wash, Restoration^book^:
^1981^U.S. Soil Conservation Service;U.S. Forest Service;Arizona Department of Water Resources;New Mexico State Engineer Office;U.S. Agricultural Research Service^U.S. Soil Conservation Service, Arizona Department of Water Resources, New Mexico State Engineer Office & U.S. Agricultural Research Service (1981): Little Colorado River Basin, Arizona and New Mexico: Summary Report. U.S. Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C. 5 Vols.^^Erosion, Floods, Forests/woodlands, Little Colorado River, Recreation, Water Supply, Watershed, Wildlife^book^:
^1959^Udall, David King^Udall, David King (1959): Arizona Pioneer Mormon: David King Udall, his story and his family. Arizona Silhouettes, Tucson, Arizona.^^Agriculture, Anglos, Dam Collapse, Dams, Little Colorado River, Mormons^book^:
^1965^Udall, Stewart^Udall, Stewart (1965): The Quiet Crisis. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York.^^Environmental Change, Human Impact^book^:
^1946^Udell,John^Udell,John (1946):John Udell Journal: Kept During a Trip Across the Plains Containing and Account of the Massacre of a Portion of His Party by the Mojave Indians in 1859. N.A. Kovach, Los Angeles.^^Colorado Plateau, Exploration, Journals, Little Colorado River^book^:
^1946^United States Congress^United States Congress (1946):Reauthorizing Gila Project. (Hearings Before the Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation, House of Representatives, Seventy-Ninth Congress, Second Session, on H.R. 5434, a Bill Reauthorizing the Gila Federal Reclamation Project, and for Other Purposes) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 363 Pages.^^Gila River, Irrigation^book^:
^1946^United States Department of the Interior^United States Department of the Interior (1946):The Colorado River: A Natural Menace Becomes a National Treasure. United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Washington, D.C. (A Comprehensive Report on the Development of the Water Resources of the Colorado River Basin for Irrigation, Power Production, and Other Beneficial Uses in Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming)^Yesterday the Colorado River was a natural menace. Unharnessed it tore through deserts, flooded fields, and ravaged villages. It drained the water from the mountains and plains, rushed it through sun-baked thirsty lands, and dumped it inot the Pacific Ocean - a treasure lost forever. Man was on the defensive. He sat helplessly by to watch the Colorado River waste itself, or attempted in vain to halt its destruction. Today this mighty river is recognized as a national resource. It is a life giver, a power producer, a great constructive force. Although only partly harnessed by Boulder Dam and other ingenious structures, the Colorado River is doing a gigantic job. Its water is providing opportunities for many new homes and for the growing of crops that help to feed this nation and the world. Its power is lighting homes and cities and turning the wheels of industry. Its destructive floods are being reduced. Its muddy waters are being cleared for irrigation and other uses. Tomorrow the Colorado River will be utilized to the very last drop. . . .^Colorado River, Dams, Human Impact, Irrigation^book^:
^1991^United States Fish and Wildlife Service^United States Fish and Wildlife Service (1991):Endangered and Threatened Species of Arizona. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Phoenix, Arizona. 102 Pages.^^Endangered Species, Fish, Wildlife^book^:
^1972^United States Geological Survey^University of Arizona (1936): Arizona and Its Heritage. 3rd ed. Vol. 7. University of Arizona, Tucson. 291 pages.^"This permanent catalog is a list of books and maps that were published between 1962 and 1970. It supplements another permanent catalog 'Publications of the Geological Survey, 1879-1961.'^bibliography, Geology, Maps^book^:
^1965^United States Geological Survey^University of Arizona (1890): Arizona Grasses in General. (Agricultural Extension Bulletin, No. 2.) University of Arizona, Tucson.^"This catalog is a new and complete list through December 1961 of Geological Survey books, maps, and charts. It should be retained for permanent use, as updating and revision of the catalog are not Intended."^Bibliography, Geology, Maps^book^:
^1936^University of Arizona^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1973): Flood Damage Report on the Storm and Flood of 17-21 October 1972 - Gila River Basin above San Carlos. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles.^Copied pages talk about some rivers, rainfall in the state, early dams, average annual discharge of Colorado, Little Colorado, Silver Creek, Salt River, Verde River, Agua Fria, Gila, San Pedro, Santa Cruz, and Rillito.^Agua Fria River, Climate, Colorado River, Dams, Description, Geomorphology, Gila River, History, Irrigation, Little Colorado River, Rillito, Salt River, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Silver Creek, Verde River, Water Supply^book^:
^1890^University of Arizona^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1973): Flood Plain Information for Rillito River and Pantano Wash, Arizona. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles. 30 pages.^The country embraced in what is known as the 'Great American Basin, ' in which the whole of Arizona is included, has a vegetation in most respects entirely different than elsewhere in the United States. The soft and succulent grasses of the Eastern and Central States have given place to a great variety of grasses, mostly with short, rigid leaves and hard stems or culms. Experiment has already demonstrated that the lack of moisture makes it impossible for the Eastern grasses to succeed here, hence it is to our native grasses we will have to look in the development of grasses in this Territory.^Grasses^book^:
^1981^USDA Forest Service^U.S. Department of Agriculture (1939): Range Management and Agronomic Practices on the San Xavier Indian Reservation, Arizona and Land Classification of San Xavier Indian Reservation Arizona, S.C.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Denver.^^Surveys, Wild & Scenic Rivers^book^:
^1981^USDA Forest Service^USDA Forest Service (1981): Wild and Scenic Rivers Study - Verde River. U.S. Forest Service, Albuquerque. 161 Pages.^^Ecology, History, Verde River^book^:
^1980^USDA Forest Service^USDA Forest Service (1980): Wild and Scenic Rivers Study - Salt River: Draft Environmental Impact Statement. U.S. Forest Service, Albuquerque. 55 Pages.^^Ecology, Salt River, Surveys, Wild & Scenic Rivers^book^:
^1981^USDA Forest Service;U.S. Bureau of Land Management^U.S. Department of Agriculture (1981): Little Colorado River Basin, Arizona-New Mexico: Appendix II-Water Resources. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.^^Description, Ecology, Greenlee County, San Francisco River, Surveys, Wild & Scenic Rivers^book^:
^1982^Vale, Thomas R.^Vale, Thomas R. (1982): Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America. Association of American Geographers, Washington, D. C.^^Exotic Species, Native Species, Plant Geography, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1993^Valencia, R. A.;Wennerlund, J. F.;Winstead, R. A.;Woods, S.;Riley, L.;Swanson, E.^Valencia, R.A., J.F. Wennerlund, R.A. Winstead, S. Woods, L. Riley & E. Swanson (1993): Arizona Riparian Inventory and Mapping Project. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona, Usa.^^Maps, Perennial Streams, Riparian Areas, Surveys, Vegetation^book^:
^1905^Van Der Veer, C. A.^Van Der Veer, C.A. (1905): The Salt River Valley, Arizona. J.W. Crenshaw, Phoenix, Arizona.^^Description, Maricopa County, Salt River^book^:
^1977^Van Devender, Thomas R.^Van Devender, Thomas R. (1977): Holocene Woodlands in the Southwestern Deserts. Science 198, 189-192.^^Chihuahuan Desert, Forests/woodlands, Mohave Desert, Paleobotany, Sonoran Desert^article^:
^1987^Van Devender, Thomas R. et al.^Van Devender, Thomas R. et al. (1987): Vegetation History of the Deserts of Southwestern North America; The Nature and Timing of the Late Wisconsin-Holocene Transition. In: North America and Adja-cent Oceans During the Last Deglaciation. (Eds: Ruddington, W.F. & H.E. Wright) Geological Society of America, Boulder, 323-352.^^Climate, Paleobotany, Plant Geography, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1979^Van Devender, Thomas R.;Spaulding, W. Geoffrey^Van Devender, Thomas R. & W. Geoffrey Spaulding (1979): Development of Vegetation and Climate in the Southwestern United States. Science 204(May 18), 701-710.^In the past 15 years, analysis of packrat (Neotoma) middens has provided several hundred radiocarbon-dated fossil plant assemblages from now arid and semiarid regions in the southwestern United States. Packrats thoroughly sampled the vegetation on rocky slopes within 100 meters of the dry, protected shelters where middens are built and preserved. Many of the hundreds of plants in the fossil middens have been identified to species, allowing their distributions and autoecologies to be used in paleoclimatic reconstructions. Fossil middens allow detailed paleoecological reconstructions of past communities in areas with few other sources of perishable organic materials. On the basis of the packrate midden record, we describe here the vegetational changes and inferred climates during the past 22, 000 years in the warm deserts of the southwestern United States.^Climate, Vegetation^article^:
^1977^Van Devender, Thomas R.;Wiseman, F. M.^Van Devender, Thomas R. & F.M. Wiseman (1977): A Preliminary Chronology of Bioenviron-mental Changes During the Paleoindian Period of the Monsoonal Southwest. In: Paleoindian Lifeways. (Ed: Johnson, E.M.) (Museum Journal, Volume 17.) West Texas Museum Association, Lubbock, Texas, 13-27.^^Archaeology, Chronology, Ecology, Environmental Change, Indians, Paleobotany^chapter^:
^1929^Van Dyke, J. C.^Van Dyke, J.C. (1929): Colorado River and the Salton Basin. In: Geology from Original Sources. (Eds: Agar, W.M., R.F. Flint & C.R. Longwell) Henry Holt and Co., New York, 192-198.^^Colorado River, Salton Sea^chapter^:
^1895^Van Dyke, T. S.^Van Dyke, T.S. (1895): Down the Colorado River. Land of Sunshine (Out West) 2(March), 60-61. (On file at the Arizona Historical Society, Tucson)^Southern California has but one navigable river, the Colorado. And this is not 'navigable by courtesy' but actually navigable - in spite of its tortuous channel, changing almost by the hour so that no pilot attempts to run by memory; in spite of its bars of mud and broad shallows. The boats, built specially, are almost as good on mud as on water. They turn and wash out, with the big stern wheel, a channel where there is none, swing on their center and wriggle off a bar, or slide over it with little slackening of speed - making, on the whole, remarkable Time.^Colorado River, Steamboats^article^:
^1996^Various Authors^Various Authors (No date):Fort Lowell. Various papers concerning Fort Lowell, Manuscript (MS)266, Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^Papers include Army inspection reports ("Re: Water Supply") for Fort Lowell concerning Santa Cruz River and Rillito Creek in the 1880s.^Military, Rillito, Santa Cruz River, Water Supply^other^:
^1990^Various authors^Various authors (1990): Series on Water in Arizona. Arizona Republic (October).^^Salt River, Water Supply^article^:
^1989^Various authors^Various authors (1989): The Homol'ovi Research Program: Investigations into the Prehistory of the Middle Little Colorado Valley. The Kiva 54(3), 173-329.^"The Homol'ovi Research Program (HRP) is part of the Research Section of the Arizona State Museum (ASM). The program was developed in 1984 as part of a legislative budget package submitted by ASM to the University of Arizona. Paul R. Fish, Head of the Research Section, directed the project in 1984 when John H. Madsen and Richard C. Lange conducted excavations and surface collection at Homol'ovi II. I took over direction of the project in 1985 when excavations were lauched at Homol'ovi III and the survey began under Lange's direction. Since 1984 over 200 people have worked on the Homol'ovi Project. This volume is dedicated to the volunteerism that has made the project successful. It is also dedicated to the memory of a friend, Stanley Honanie, Vice-Chairman of the Hopi Tribe, whose passing was a deep loss to all friends of cultural resource preservation in Arizona, and especially to all aspects of work at and around the Homol'ovi sites. This volume consists of 10 articles on various aspects of the research to date. The articles are not intended to cover all phases of the project's research, but ar representative of much that has been Accomplished."^Archaeology, Colorado Plateau, Indians, Little Colorado River^article^:
^1983^Various authors^Various authors (1983): The Verde Valley, A Personal Profile. Arizona Highways 59(7, July). (Entire issue devoted to the Verde River)^^History, Indians, Verde River^article^:
^1978^Various authors^Various authors (1978): Entire issue devoted to dams, lakes, and cities along the Colorado River. Outdoor Arizona (July).^^Colorado River, Dams, Human Impact, Lakes, Urbanization^article^:
^1890^Vasey, G.^Vasey, G. (1890-1891): Grasses of the Southwest. (USDA Division of Botany Bulletin, No. 12.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Grasses^book^:
^1943^Verkamp, M. M.^Verkamp, M.M. (1943): History of Grand Canyon National Park. University of Arizona, Tucson. (MS Thesis)^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, History^book^:
^1957^Vroman, H.^Vroman, H. (1957): Saga of the Salt. Arizona Highways 33(1, January), 10-27.^^Dams, History, Human Impact, Photos/art, Salt River^article^:
^1933^Waesche, H. H.^Waesche, H.H. (1933): How Pipe Creek Received its Name. Grand Canyon Nature Notes 8(3), 155-156.^^Colorado Plateau, Pipe Creek, Place Names^article^:
^1961^Wagoner, J. J.^Wagoner, J.J. (1961): Overstocking of the Ranges in Southern Arizona During the 1870's and 1880's. Arizoniana 2, 23-27.^Stock ranching has always been a frontier industry and has served a place of primary importance in the advancement of western civilization. In the Southwest, two phases of development seem to predominate: (1) the merging of the northward expansion of the Spanish and Mexicans and the westward movement from the Atlantic Coast; and (2) the adaptability of the industry to an arid country which for the first time gave the cattleman an opportunity for land utilization that the farmer could not easily Supplant.^Cattle, Grasslands, Grazing^article^:
^1952^Wagoner, J. J.^Wagoner, J.J. (1952): History of the Cattle Industry in Southern Arizona, 1540-1940. (University of Arizona Social Science Bulletin, No. 20.) University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 132 pages.^"The history of the cattle industry in southern Arizona can be divided into three periods: 1) the era of Spanish exploration and mission founding, extending from 1529 to 1822; 2) the epoch of Mexican control and the small influx of Americans before 1873; and 3) the modern period of occupation and development... Long before cattle raising was introduced on the Atlantic seaborad, the Spanish had established the industry in the Southwest. Yet development in Arizona was quite irregular, being frequently retarded by outbreaks of hostile Indians...But then came inevitable overstocking and subsequent deterioration of the ranges. For over half a century the status of the industry has been shaped by the ever-prevalent necessity for provident utilization of grass and by periodical economic fluctuations resulting from climatic changes and national depressions. Individual and governmental attempts to bring security to the cattle industry are of primary importance, and therefore are given proper significance in the final Chapters."^Anglos, Cattle, Grazing, History, Mexican-american, Ranching, Spanish^book^:
^1971^Wahmann, R.^Wahmann, R. (1971): Railroading in the Verde Valley. Journal of Arizona History 12(Fall), 153-166.^^Railroads, Verde River^article^:
^1968^Wahrfield, Harold B.^Wahrfield, Harold B. (1968): Fort Yuma on the Colorado River., El Cajon. 183 Pages.^^Colorado River, Military, Yuma^book^:
^1985^Waldman, C.^Waldman, C. (1985): Atlas of the North American Indian. Facts of File Publications, New York and Oxford. 276 Pages.^^Atlas, Indians^book^:
^1985^Walker, E. F.^Walker, E.F. (1985): 1600 Mile Trip by Burro. Smoke Signals (Spring/fall).^^Anglos, Exploration, Journals^article^:
^1986^Walker, Henry P.;Bufkin, Don^Walker, Henry P. & Don Bufkin (1986): Historical Atlas of Arizona (Second Edition). University of Oklahoma Press, Norman and London.^^Atlas, History^book^:
^1972^Wallace, Andrew^Wallace, Andrew (1972): Fort Whipple in the days of the Empire. Tucson Corral of the Westerners, Tucson, Arizona. (Smoke Signal No.^While the War Department generously designated many army posts in the west as 'forts', most were, in reality, but temporary way stations on the road to final conquest of the indians. In Arizona, only four or perhaps five posts out of forty-six ever reached the true status of permanent installaions. Certainly Fort Whipple, headquarters of the Military Department of Arizona during the entire period of the Indian wars, was one. Although others get the glory in popular accounts, For Whipple's history offers an equally interesting view of military life on the southwestern Frontier.^Fort Whipple, Granite Creek, Military, Prescott^book^:
^1965^Wallace, Andrew^Wallace, Andrew (1965): Sources and Readings in Arizona History. Arizona Pioneers' Historical Society, Tucson. 181 Pages.^^Bibliography, History^book^:
^1955^Wallace, Edward Seccomb^Wallace, Edward Seccomb (1955): The Great Recommaissance: Soldiers, Artists and Scientists on the Frontier 1848-1861. Little Brown, Boston. 288 Pages.^^Biography, Colorado River, Gila River, Surveys, Virgin River^book^:
^1993^Wallace, Robie^Wallace, Robie (1993): A Bibliography of References to the Historical Status of the Flora and Fauna of the Southwest. The Nature Conservancy, New Mexico Field Office, unpublished, Santa Fe, N.M.^This bibliography contains over 1200 citations relating to the historical status of the flora and fauna of the Southwest. The purpose of this compilation is to publicize major references which are likely to provide managers and researchers with historical information that is helpful in solving present-day problems. This bibliography will also be a substantial starting place for a search of historical information regarding a species or Community.^Bibliography, Flora, History, Vegetation, Wildlife^book^:
^1959^Wampler, Joseph^Wampler, Joseph (1959): Havasu Canyon: Gem of the Grand Canyon., Berkeley. 1221 Pages.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Havasu Canyon^book^:
^1987^Waren, C.^Waren, C. (1987): Travelers' Impressions of Arizona Along the Gila Trail. Paper presented at the Arizona Historical Society Convention (On file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^^Anglos, Gila River, Travel^other^:
^1975^Warren, Douglas K.;Turner, Raymond M.^Warren, Douglas K. & Raymond M. Turner (1975): Saltcedar Seed Production, Seedling Establishment, and Response to Inundation. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 10(October), 135-144.^Saltcedar has become established in large areas around reservoirs and along streams and rivers, notably in the arid Southwest, since its introduction into the United States. At many sites saltcedar is the dominant plant in the vegetation, having replaced the native riparian Species.^Exotic Species, Floods, Gila River, Saltcedar, San Pedro River, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1855^Warren, K.^Warren, K. (1855): Memoir to Accompany the Map of the Territory of the United States from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, Giving a Brief Account of Each of the Exploring Expeditions Since AD. 1800, with a Detailed Description of the Method Adopted in Compiling the General Map. A.O.P Nicholson, Washington, D. C.^^Exploration, Journals, Maps, Surveys^book^:
^1986^Warren, P. L.;Schwalbe, C. R.^Warren, P.L. & Cecil R. Schwalbe (1986): Lizards Along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park: Possible Effects of Fluctuating River Flows. (Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Technical Report.) U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Washington, D. C.^^Colorado River, Dams, Grand Canyon, Reptiles^book^:
^1985^Warren, Peter L.;Schwalbe, Cecil R.^Warren, Peter L. & Cecil R. Schwalbe (1985): Herpetofauna in Riparian Habitats Along the Colo-rado River in Grand Canyon. In: Riparian Eco-systems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds. Johnson, R.R., C.D. Ziebell., D.R. Patton, P.F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 347-354. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^Lizard population densities and species composition were sampled in riparian and non-riparian habitats along the Colorado River. The highest densities were found in shoreline habitats, moderate densities in riparian habitats and lowest densities in non-riparian habitats. Rapidly fluctuating river flow levels may have a deleterious effect on lizard populations by trapping populations on alluvial bars and inundating nest Sites.^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Habitat, Human Impact, Reptiles^chapter^:
^1986^Warshall, P.^Warshall, P. (1986): The Great Colorado River War. American West 23(september/october).^^Colorado River, Water Supply^article^:
^1933^Wasche, H. H.^Wasche, H.H. (1933): Yesterdays on the Kaibab Trail and Phantom Ranch. Grand Canyon Nature Notes 8(8), 206-208.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Ranching, Trails/roads^article^:
^1965^Wasley, William;Johnson, Alfred^Wasley, William & Alfred Johnson(1965): Salvage Archaeology in Painted Rocks Reservoir, Western Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Archaeology, Gila River, Painted Rocks Dam^book^:
^1988^Waters, Michael R.^Waters, Michael R. (1988): Holocene Alluvial Geology and Geoarchaeology of the San Xavier Reach of the Santa Cruz River, Arizona. Geological Society of America Bulletin 100(April), 479-491.^The 15-km segment of the Santa Cruz River, traversing the San Xavier Indian Reservation, near Tucson, Arizona, has undergone major environmental changes during the past 8, 000 yr. The Holocene alluvial sequence for this segment, called the 'San Xavier reach' of the Santa Cruz River, shows three major episodes: aggradation until 8000 yr. B.P. by a braided stream; channel erosion from 8000 to 5500 yr. B.P. and subsequent vertical aggradation of the flood plain, punctuated by short periods of arroyo Cutting...^Archaeology, Erosion, Geology, Geomorphology, Hohokam, San Xavier, Santa Cruz River^article^:
^1969^Watkins, T. H. et al.^Watkins, T. H. et al. (1969):The Grand Colorado: The Story of a River and its Canyons. American West Publishing Company, U.S.A. 310 Pages.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon^book^:
^1973^Watson, Editha L.^Watson, Editha L. (1973):Navajo History: A 3000-Year Sketch. In: Guidebook of Monument Valley and Vicinity, Arizona and Utah: New Mexico Geological Society, Twenty-fourth Field Conference, October 4-6, 1973. (Ed: James, H. L.) The Society, Socorro, New Mexico, 181-185.^Judging from distribution of the Athapascan language, of which Navajo is a part, the nucleus of the Navajo people crossed the Bering Strait from the west and gradually moved south and east. Some anthropologists assume that this migration began about 3, 000 years ago, and it must have taken some seven hundred years for the people who were to become the Navajos to traverse western Canada from north to south and finally arrive in the southwestern United States.^Archaeology, History, Navajos^chapter^:
^1987^Way, T. E.^Way, T.E. (1987): Bill Williams Mountain Man. Golden West, Phoenix, Arizona.^^Anglos, Bill Williams River, Biography, Exploration, Hunting/fishing/trapping, San Francisco Mountains^book^:
^1962^Wayle Jr, Harold C.^Wayle Jr, Harold C. (1962): History of Holbrook and the Little Colorado River Country. MA Thesis, University of Arizona. (N)^^Holbrook, Little Colorado River^other^:
^1991^Weatherford, J. M.^Weatherford, J.M. (1991): Native Roots: How the Indians Enriched America. Crown Publishers, Random House, New York. 310 Pages.^^Agriculture, Ethnoecology, History, Human Impact, Indians^book^:
^1959^Webb, G.^Webb, G. (1959): A Pima Remembers. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Agriculture, Coolidge Dam, Gila River, Pima Indians^book^:
^1960^Webb, P. M.^Webb, P.M. (1960): Turkey Trapping and Trans-planting in Arizona. Proceedings of the Fortieth Annual Conference of the Western Association of State Game and Fish Commissioners 40, 182-187.^^Birds, Restoration^article^:
^1990^Webb, R. H.;Betancourt, J. L.^Webb, R.H. & Betancourt, J.L. (1990): Climatic Variability and Flood Frequency of the Santa Cruz River, Pima County, Arizona. (U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report, 90-553.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^Climate, Floods, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1991^Webb, Robert H.;Smith, Spence S.;McCord, V. Alexander S.^Webb, Robert H., Spence S. Smith & V.Alexander S. McCord (1991): Historic Channel Change of Kanab Creek, Southern Utah and Northern Arizona, 1991. Monograph No. 9 ed. Grand Canyon Natural History Association, Grand Canyon. 91 Pages.^^Channel Change, Colorado Plateau, Geomorphology, Kanab Creek^book^:
^1992^Webb,George^Webb,George (1992):A Pima Remembers. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson & London. 126 pages.^"First published in 1959, this little book has remained in print ever since. In addition to its many printings in the United States, it also has appealed to Europeans, as do many books about American Indians, particularly to English, Swedish, and German readers. In September 1981 a book critic of the Los Angeles Times selected it for inclusion in a list of '100 Books for the Modern Person', 'all...are works,' he wrote, 'we live with in order to understand the nation we live In.'"^History, Indians, Pima Indians^book^:
^1987^Webb,Roy^Webb,Roy (1987):"Les Voyageurs sans Trace" - The DeColmont-DeSeyne Kayak Party of 1938. Utah Historical Quarterly 55(2, Fall), 167-180.^^Boats, Colorado River^article^:
^1982^Weber, D. J.^Weber, D.J. (1982): The Mexican Frontier, 1821-1846. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.^^Mexico, Military, Pimeria Alta, Spanish^book^:
^1977^Weber, D. J.^Weber, D.J. (1977): Mexico's Far Northern Frontier, 1821-1848: A Critical Bibliography. Arizona and the West 19, 225-266.^^Bibliography, Mexico, Pimeria Alta, Spanish^article^:
^1967^Weber, D. J.^Weber, D.J. (1967): Spanish Fur Trade From New Mexico, 1540-1821. The Americas 24, 122-136.^^Beaver, Exploration, Hunting/fishing/trapping, Spanish, Trade^article^:
^1967^Weber, D. J.^Weber, D.J. (1967): Los Extranjeros: Selected Documents from the Mexican Side of the Santa Fe Trail, 1825-1828. Stagecoach Press, Santa Fe.^^Anthology/proceedings, Exploration, Sonora^book^:
^1965^Wehrman,Georgia^Wehrman,Georgia (1965):Harshaw: Mining Camp of the Patagonias. Journal of Arizona History 6(1), 21-36.^"The much publicized mining camp in southern Arizona which was 'too tough to die' had some contemporaries which also played important roles, if less dramatic ones, in the early history of the territory. One of these was Harshaw, located near the center of the Patagonia Mountains and built upon a foundation of silver. Situated about midway between two important river valleys, it lay directly in the path of history; and each group of people in history's march left their mark upon the Place."^History, Mining, Patagonia^article^:
^1979^Weiner, Melissa R.^Weiner, Melissa R. (1979): Prescott Yesteryears. Primrose Press, Prescott. 40 Pages.^^Granite Creek, History, Prescott^book^:
^1978^Weisiger, Marsha L.^Weisiger, Marsha L. (1978): This History of Tempe, Arizona, 1871-1930: A Preliminary Report. Manuscript on file at Tempe Historical Museum.^"Ever since Hayden's Ferry, later known as classical 'Tempe', was founded by Charles Trumbull Hayden over a century ago, the community has been a focal point in the development of Arizona civilization. It has been the scene of freighting, early canal construction, innovative agriculture, the development of higher education and other pursuits which have influenced the entire state. With such a dramatic and important history it is curious that no major history of Tempe has yet appeared. Marsha L. Weisiger has helped to fill this void through her writing of 'This History of Tempe, Arizona.' Ms. Weisiger is well suited for this task. She is a recent honors graduate in history at Arizona State University. As an ASU student she received special training in archival procedure, oral history and other fields essential for historical research. Although this is a preliminary report, it is a major step toward the publication of a complete hsitory of one of Arizona's most influential communities. It is my pleasure to commend to all persons who are interested in the continuing preservation of our cultural and historical heritage." (Charles C. Colley, Ph.D. Head, Arizona Collection, ASU Library)^Ferries, History, Salt River, Tempe^other^:
^1979^Wells, D.;Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Wells, D., Bertin W. Anderson & Robert D. Ohmart (1979): Comparative Avian Use of Southwestern Citrus Orchards and Riparian Communities. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 14(2), 53-58.^^Agriculture, Birds, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1985^Welsh, Frank^Welsh, Frank (1985): How to Create a Water Crisis. Johnson Books, Boulder. 233 Pages.^^Central Arizona Project, Colorado River, Construction, Water Supply^book^:
^1977^Wesche, A.^Wesche, A. (1977): Wild Brothers of the Indians: As Pictured by the Ancient Americans. Treasure Chest Publishing, Tucson. 56 Pages.^^Indians, Wildlife^book^:
^1925^Wesley, E. B.^Wesley, E.B. (1925): The Fur Trade of the Southwest. Washington University, St. Louis. (MA Thesis)^^Beaver, Exploration, Gila River, Hunting/fishing/trapping, Otter^book^:
^1978^Western Writers of America^Western Writers of America (1978): Water Trails West. Doubleday, Garden City. 271 Pages.^^Anglos, Colorado River, History, Trails/roads^book^:
^1975^Westerners (Sedona Corral)^Westerners (Sedona Corral) (1975): Those Early Days - Oldtimers' Memoirs: Sedona and the Verde Valley Region of Northern Arizona. Westerners (Sedona Corral), Sedona. 270 Pages.^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, Oak Creek, Sedona, Verde River^book^:
^1968^Westerners (Sedona Corral)^Westerners (Sedona Corral) (1968): Those Early Days: Oldtimers' Memoirs, Oak Creek-Sedona and the Verde Valley Region of Northern Arizona. Sedona Corral Westerners, Sedona, Arizona. 240 pages.^Miscellaneous article about electricity, railroads, and other things near Oak Creek by Sedona.^Anglos, Electricity, History, Oak Creek, Railroads, Sedona, Verde River^book^:
^1920^Wetmore, F. A.^Wetmore, F.A. (1920): Observations on the Habits of the White-Winged Dove. Condor 22, 140-146.^^Birds^article^:
^1939^Wharton, M.^Wharton, M. (1939): Explosives Carve Gila Canal. Explosives Engineer (March).^^Canals, Gila River^article^:
^1960^Wheat, C. I.^Wheat, C.I. (1957-1963): Mapping the Transmississippi West, 1540-1861. Institute of Historical Cartography, San Francisco.^^Maps, Surveys^book^:
^1996^Wheeler, C. C.^Wheeler, C.C. (No date): History and Facts Concerning Warner and Silver Lake and the Santa Cruz River. Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson, 3 pages.^At different times the papers have mentioned items of these lakes, and several have asked me to describe them. And as this is to be a story concerning water, I will begin with the Santa Cruz River. Early writers tell that many years ago that the river was an ever flowing stream of clear water, not a large stream with a wide channel and deep as at the present time, but enough so that fur Animals were trapped on both it and the Gila River. Many Lagoons or slews were located along the Santa Cruz, Two very large ones at Calabasas formed by the overflow of the Sonotia creek and Santa Cruz, with others along the stream, The condition at Calabasas on account of this swampy land malaria was very bad and settlers suffered greatly with Chills and Fever and many were obliged to move from that section. There was also much swampy land south of Tubac, also another south of the San Xavier Mission, another about Nine miles Northwest of Tucson.^Channel Change, Disease, Nogales, Pima County, Santa Cruz County, Santa Cruz River, Tubac, Tucson, Vegetation Change, Wetlands^other^:
^1875^Wheeler, George M.^Wheeler, George M. (1875): Annual Report upon the Geographical Explorations and Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian, in California, Nevada, Nebraska, Utah, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Wyoming, and Montana. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Little Colorado River, Surveys^book^:
^1865^Wheeler, George M.^Wheeler, George M. (1857-1870): Report Upon Geographic Surveys West of the 100th Meridian, in Charge of First Lieutenant George M. Wheeler. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (8 Volumes)^^Geology, Surveys^book^:
^1996^Wheeler,Charles C.^Wheeler,Charles C. (No date):History and Facts Concerning Warner and Silver Lake and the Santa Cruz River. Paper on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson, (MS 853: Silver Lake, Pima).^^Lakes, Santa Cruz River, Timber, Water Supply^other^:
^1961^Whipple, A. W.^Whipple, A.W. (1961): The Whipple Report: Journal of an Expedition from San Diego, California, to the Rio Colorado, from Sept. 11 to Dec. 11, 1849. Westernlore Press, Los Angeles.^^Bill Williams River, Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Indians, Little Colorado River, Surveys^book^:
^1941^Whipple, A. W.^Whipple, A.W. (1941): A Pathfinder in the South-west. (Series Ed: Foreman, Grant.) University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Anglos, Bill Williams River, Biography, Exploration, History, Little Colorado River, Military, Oak Creek, Railroads, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1855^Whipple, A. W.^Whipple, A.W. (1855): Explorations and Surveys for a Railroad Route From the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean: Route Near the 35th Parallel. United States War Department, Washington, D. C.^^Exploration, Railroads, Surveys^book^:
^1972^White, Elvin E.^White, Elvin E. (1972):Harnessing the Colorado. Tri-City Printing, Mesa, Arizona.^^Colorado River, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Human Impact^book^:
^1978^White, K.^White, K. (1978): The Little River That Did. Arizona Highways 54(8, August), 14-29.^^Little Colorado River, Railroads, Settlement^article^:
^1966^White, N. D.;Matlock, W. G.;Schwalen, H. C.^White, N.D., W.G. Matlock & H.C. Schwalen (1966): An Appraisal of the Ground-Water Resources of Avra and Altar Valleys, Pima County, Arizona. (Water Resources Report, No. 30.) Arizona State Land Department, Phoenix.^^Avra-altar Valley, Groundwater^book^:
^1984^White, Natalie D.^White, Natalie D. (1984): Bibliography of Water Resources Reports for Arizona Through 1982. United States Geological Survey, Tucson. 152 Pages.^^Bibliography, Water Supply^book^:
^1938^Whitfield, C. J.;Beutner, E. L.^Whitfield, C.J. & E.L. Beutner (1938): Natural Vegetation in the Desert Grassland. Ecology 19, 26-37.^^Grasslands, Native Species, Vegetation^article^:
^1939^Whiting, A. F.^Whiting, A.F. (1939): Ethnobotany of the Hopi. Bulletin of the Museum of Northern Arizona 15.^^Ethnobotany, Hopi Indians^article^:
^1993^Whiting, Alred F.^Whiting, Alred F. (1993): Born a Chief: The Nineteenth Century Hopi Boyhood of Edmund Nequatewa. (Series Ed: Seaman, P.David.) University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.^This is the true story of the boyhood of a Hopi Indian during the latter part of the nineteenth century. Edmund Nequatewa was born around 1880 in a remote Second Mesa village on the Hopi reservation in northern Arizona. For the historical reasons recounted in Chapter 2, Edmund was automatically in line to be chief of a Hopi society. This brought added responsibility to the young boy, but also family and community jealousy and various attempts either to aid or thwart his Destiny.^Biography, Hopi Indians^book^:
^1987^Wilbur-Cruce, E. A.^Wilbur-Cruce, E.A. (1987): A Beautiful Cruel Country. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Ranching, Santa Cruz County, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1987^Wilkin, D. C.;Galante, J. C.^Wilkin, D.C. & J.C. Galante (1987): Land Use History: Upper San Pedro River Valley. School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.^The Upper San Pedro River Valley has been occupied by man since about 13000 B.C. During that time many changes have occurred in the valley some of which are coincidental to human settlement and some of which are a direct result of man's occupancy and use of the land. The land use, development, and human occupancy of the Upper San Pedro River Valley has been affected by the interaction of the landscape, antural occurrences, and man. Some of the events and periods that most significantly impacted the valley are listed below. 1.) The most critical period of change was from 1870-1900 during which time the valley experienced both a mining based and cattle based economy. The landscape was altered due to the denudation of the woodlands, overgrazing, and weather. Vegetation patterns were altered to those resembling todays, the river became channeled, and water patterns changed due to the 1887 earthquake. 2.) The enactment of the 1934 Taylor Grazing Act sealed the fate of the free range accelerating the trend toward large land holdings. Conservation of rangelands was recognized as important. 3.) Fort Huachuca became a permanent base in 1954 and the economic base of the valley began to shift from a cattle to an urban economy. Small tract developments became important and land use patterns changed. 4.) Predictions point toward a more urban economy based on Fort Huachuca, tourism, manufacturing and the development of retirement type Communities.^Cattle, Channel Change, Fort Huachuca, Land Use, Mining, San Pedro River, Urbanization, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1984^Willard, D.^Willard, D. (1984): An Old Timer's Scrapbook. Marker Graphics, Mesa, Arizona.^^Anglos, Journals, Verde River^book^:
^1910^Willey, D. A.^Willey, D.A. (1910): Hance of the Grand Canyon. Outing 56(April), 30-31.^^Anglos, Biography, Colorado River, Grand Canyon^article^:
^1979^Willey,Richard R.^Willey,Richard R. (1979):La Canoa: A Spanish Land Grant Lost and Found. The Smoke Signal 38(Fall), 154-170.^"The fantastic land claim of James A. Reavis, the 'Baron of Arizona,' and the dramatic motion picture of the same name, both brought public attention to the complex and devious problems which arose from Spanish and Mexican land claims in what is now U.S. territory in the Southwest. the Reavis-Peralta episode was an exquisitely planned fraud, but there were dozens of additional land claims made under Spanish law which posed other intriguing problems to those who sought them and to the U.S. court which ultimately had to settle Them."^Land Grants, Santa Cruz River, Spanish^article^:
^1974^Williams, Anita Alvarez de^Williams, Anita Alvarez de (1974): The Cocopah People. Phoenix Indian Tribal Service, Phoenix. 104 Pages.^^Cocopah, Colorado River^book^:
^1984^Williams, G. P.;Wolman, M. G.^Williams, G.P. & Wolman, M.G. (1984): Down-stream Effects of Dams on Alluvial Rivers. Pro-fessional Paper 1286 ed. U.S. Geological Survey. 83 Pages.^^Dam Collapse, Environmental Change, Human Impact^book^:
^1985^Williams, J. E.;Bowman, D. B.;Brooks, J. E.;Echelle, A. A.;Edwards, R. J.;Hendrickson, D. A.;Landye, J. J.^Williams, J.E., D.B. Bowman, J.E. Brooks, A.A. Echelle, R.J. Edwards, D.A. Hendrickson & J.J. Landye (1985): Endangered Aquatic Ecosystems in North American Deserts with a List of Vanishing Fishes of the Region. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 20, 1-62.^"Habitat degradation and the introduction of exotic species are endangering an increasing number of fishes from North American deserts as endangered, vulnerable, rare or of indeterminate status. Forty-six of these fishes are herein considered endangered. Additionally, 18 recently extinct fishes are recorded from the region. Fifteen ecosystems are identified as providing habitat for 83 of these vanishing Fishes."^Aquatic Biota, Colorado River, Ecosystems, Extinctions/extirpations, Fish, Gila River, Riparian Areas, Species Decline^article^:
^1989^Williams, M.^Williams, M. (1989): Americans and Their Forests: An Historical Geography. Cambridge University Press, New York.^^Forests/woodlands, Human Impact, Logging^book^:
^1959^Williamson, R. R.^Williamson, R.R. (Ed.) (1959): Ecological Studies of the Flora And Fauna in Glen Canyon. University of Utah Anthropological Papers ed. Vol. 40. University of Utah, Logan. 226 Pages.^^Colorado River, Flora, Glen Canyon, Vegetation, Wildlife^book^:
^1932^Williamson, R. R.;Tyler, C. F.^Williamson, R.R. & C.F. Tyler (1932): Trout Propagation in Grand Canyon National Park. Grand Canyon Nature Notes 7(2), 11-16.^^Colorado River, Exotic Species, Fish, Grand Canyon, Hunting/fishing/trapping^article^:
^1856^Williamson, R. S.^Williamson, R.S. (1856): Reports of Explorations in California for Railroad Routes, to Connect with the Routes Near the 35th and 32nd Parallels of North Latitude. Beverly Tucker, Printer, Washington, D. C. (A Book in 4 Parts)^^Botany, Exploration, Geology, Railroads, Wildlife^book^:
^1988^Wills, Wirt Henry^Wills, Wirt Henry (1988): Early Prehistoric Agriculture in the American Southwest. School of America Research Press, Santa Fe, Nm.^^Agriculture, Indians^book^:
^1987^Willson, Roscoe G.^Willson, Roscoe G. (1987): Pioneer Cattlemen of Arizona. Valley, Phoenix. (2 Volumes)^^Biography, Ranching^book^:
^1987^Wilson, John P.^Wilson, John P. (1987): Islands in the Desert: A History of the Upland Areas of Southeast Arizona. United States Forest Service, Las Cruces, Nm.^^Chiricahuas, Mountains, Sky Islands, Uplands^book^:
^1988^Wilson, R. P.^Wilson, R.P. (1988): Water Resources of the Northern Part of the Agua Fria Area, Yavapai County, Arizona. (Arizona Water Commission Bulletin, No. 5.) Arizona Water Commission, Phoenix. 109 Pages.^^Agua Fria River, Water Supply, Yavapai County^book^:
^1956^Wingfield, D. W.^Wingfield, D.W. (1956): Forest Fires, Yesterday and Today. Arizona Cattlelog 11(11, July), 23-24.^"We are now confronted with a critical fire danger created mostly by the hoarding of trash and litter on the forest floor. We have accumulated the largest store of inflammable material in Arizona's hsitory, creating a fire hazard of great concern. In view of this it behooves our Forest Officials to take extreme measures to prevent fires that could result in a major catastrophe. Not all of our citizens appreciate the seriousness of the situation that we are Facing."^Fire, Forests/woodlands^article^:
^1926^Winn, Fred^Winn, Fred (1926): The West Fork of the Gila River. Science 64(1644, July 2), 16-17.^^Cattle, Environmental Change, Gila River, Human Impact^article^:
^1933^Winship, George P.^Winship, George P. (1933): The Journey of Francisco Vazquez de Coronado, 1540-1542. Grabhorn Press, San Francisco.^^Exploration, Gila River, Journals, Military, San Pedro River, Spanish^book^:
^1896^Winship, George Parker^Winship, George Parker (1896): The Coronado Expedition, 1540-42. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (Fourteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1892-93, Part 1)^^Exploration, Gila River, Military, San Pedro River, Spanish^book^:
^1976^Winter, J. C.^Winter, J.C. (1976): The Processes of Farming Diffusion in the Southwest and Great Basin. American Antiquity 41, 421-429.^^Agriculture, Human Impact^article^:
^1973^Winter, Joseph C.^Winter, Joseph C. (1973): Cultural Modifications of the Gila Pima: A.D. 1697 - A.D. 1846. Ethnohistory 20(1, Winter), 67-77.^Due to the absence of historic Gila Pima archaeology, analyses of Pima enthnohistory have concentrated upon the examination of exploratory documents from the early contact period. In the following study, attention is focused upon such documents and the interpretations which other authors have made concerning them. As a result of this survey, it is suggested that the Pima cultural modifications which occurred between A.D. 1697 and A.D. 1846 were adaptive responses to the pressures created by the interaction of Spaniards, Apaches and indigenous Groups.^Ethnoecology, Gila River, Pima Indians, Population Decline, Spanish^article^:
^1945^Winther, O. O.^Winther, O.O. (1945): Via Western Express and Stagecoach. Stanford University Press, Stanford.^^Colorado River, Santa Cruz River, Trails/roads, Transportation, Travel^book^:
^1994^Wirt, Laurie^Wirt, Laurie (1994): Radioactivity in the Environ-ment - A Case Study of the Puerco and Little Colo-rado River Basins, Arizona and New Mexico. (Water-Resources Investigations Report, 94-4192.) U.S. Geological Survey, Tucson, Arizona. 23 pages.^"Many areas throughout the United States are known to have high amounts of natural radioactivity in rock, in streams and the sediment in streams, and ground water. The Colorado Plateau of Arizona and New Mexico has higher than average levels of radioacitivity from natural sources, and this region contains more than half of all uranium mineral reserves in the Nation."^Little Colorado River, Mining, Rio Puerco, Water Quality^book^:
^1979^Wishart, D. J.^Wishart, D.J. (1979): The Fur Trade of the American West 1807-1840. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.^^Beaver, Hunting/fishing/trapping, Otter^book^:
^1975^Witzman, R. A.^Witzman, R.A. (1975): Impact of the Central Arizona Project Upon Riparian Nesting Raptors. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science, Proceedings Supplement 10, 29.^^Birds, Canals, Human Impact^article^:
^1956^Wolcott, H. N.; Skibitzke, H. E.; Halpenny, Leonard C.^Wolcott, H. N.; Skibitzke, H. E.; Halpenny, Leonard C. (1956):Water Resources of the Bill Williams River Valley near Alamo, Arizona:. (Geological Survey Water Supply Paper, 1360-D.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.^An investigation of the water resources of the Bill Williams River valley near Artillery Peak and Alamo, Ariz., was made during the spring and summer of 1951 to determine the availability of water for a manganese mine in the Artillery Mountains and a proposed mill near Alamo. Geologic, hydrologic, and geophysical methods were Used.^Bill Williams River, Geohydrology, Hydrology, Water Supply^book^:
^1956^Wolcott, H. N.;Skibitzke, H. E.;Halpenny, Leonard C.^Wolcott, H.N., H.E. Skibitzke & Leonard C. Halpenny (1956): Water Resources of the Bill Williams River Valley near Alamo, Arizona: an Investigation of the Availability of Water in the Area of the Artillery Mountains Manganese Deposits. Vol. Water Supply Paper 1360D. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.c.^^Bill Williams River, Water Supply^book^:
^1996^Wolden, L.;Stromberg, Juliet C.;Patten, Duncan T.^Wolden, L., Stromberg, Juliet C. & Patten, Duncan T. (in press): Flora and Vegetation of the Hassayampa River Preserve. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science.^^Flora, Refuges/preserves, Vegetation^article^:
^1990^Wolden, L.;Stromberg, Juliet;Patten, Duncan R.;Richter, Holly^Wolden, L., Juliet Stromberg, Duncan R. Patten & Holly Richter (1990): Understory Restoration in Three Riparian Forest Types (Arizona). Restoration and Management Notes 8(2, Winter), 116-117.^^Cottonwood-willow Forests, Hassayampa River, Restoration, Riparian Areas, Understory, Vegetation^article^:
^1958^Woodbury, A. M. et al.^Woodbury, A.M. et al. (1958): Preliminary Report on Biological Resources of the Glen Canyon Reservoir. University of Utah Anthropological Papers, No. 31 (Glen Canyon Ser., No. 2), 219 Pages.^^Biology, Colorado River, Ecology, Glen Canyon Dam, Lake Powell, Surveys^other^:
^1960^Woodbury, Richard B.^Woodbury, Richard B. (1960):The Hohokam Canals at Pueblo Grande, Arizona. American Antiquity 26(2), 267-270.^A cross section of the surviving traces of two large prehistoric canals near Pueblo Grande, Phoenix, shows one to have originally been V-shaped in profile, about 6 m wide and 4 m deep, and the other U-shaped in profile, about 10 m wide and 3 m deep. Both were dug into coarse gravel and the broader (north) canal had been lined with brown clay subsequent to its construction and initial period of use. There is a possibility that the V-shaped South Canal was built first and perhaps abandoned when the North Canal was builty. Both canals show evidence of repeated filling and clearing out, either by natural erosion due to a periodically swifter current of by the efforts of the Indians using the canals. Sherds under the banks and in the canals were too few for conclusive dating of construction and use, but suggest that this took place during the Soho phase of the Hohokam Classic period, that is, during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. Hohokam canals much older than this are known, and the occupation of nearby Pueblo Grande began earlier and lasted later than the Soho Phase.^Agriculture, Canals, Hohokam^article^:
^1913^Woodruff, W. E.^Woodruff, W.E. (1913): The Verde Valley Invites. Arizona (April).^^Description, Verde River^article^:
^1912^Woodruff, W. E.^Woodruff, W.E. (1912): Development in the Verde Valley. Arizona (June).^^Ranching, Urbanization, Verde River^article^:
^1969^Woodward, S.^Woodward, S. (1969): Vegetation of the Murray Springs Area, Cochise County, Arizona. University of Arizona, Tucson. (MA Thesis)^^Cochise County, San Pedro River, Vegetation^book^:
^1962^Woody, Clara^Woody, Clara (1962): The Woolsey Expeditions of 1864. Arizona and the West 4, 7-76.^^Anglos, Exploration^article^:
^1938^Woolley, R. R.;Alter, J. C.^Woolley, R.R. & Alter, J.C. (1938): Precipitation and Vegetation. Transcripts of the American Geophysicists Union 19, 604-607.^^Precipitation, Vegetation^article^:
^1916^Woon, Basil Dillon;Cady, John H.^Woon, Basil Dillon & John H. Cady (1916): Arizona's Yesterday: Being the Narrative of John H. Cady, Pioneer. Timer-Minor Printing and Binding House, Los Angeles.^^Anglos, Journals, Santa Cruz River, Sonoita Creek, Travel^book^:
^1992^Worster, D.^Worster, D. (1992): Under Western Skies: Nature and History in the American West. Oxford University Press, New York.^^Description, History^book^:
^1992^Worster, D.^Worster, D. (1992): Rivers of Empire Water, Aridity and Growth of the American West. Oxford University, Oxford. 416 Pages.^^Agriculture, Colorado River, Urbanization, Water Supply^book^:
^1931^Wyllys, Rufus K.^Wyllys, Rufus K. (1931): Padre Luis Velarde's Relacion of Pimeria Alta, 1717. New Mexico Historical Review 6(2), 111-157.^^Exploration, Pimeria Alta, Spanish^article^:
^1875^Yarrow, H. C.;Henshaw, H. W.;Cope, E. D.^Yarrow, H.C., H.W. Henshaw & E.D. Cope (1875): Report Upon the Zoological Collections Obtained From Portions of Nevada, Utah, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, During the Years 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 1021 Pages.^^Exploration, Surveys, Wildlife^book^:
^1981^Yatskievych, G. A.;Jenkins, C. E.^Yatskievych, G.A. & C.E. Jenkins (1981): Fall Vegetation and Zonation of Hooker Cienega, Graham County, Arizona. Journal of the Arizona Nevada Academy of Science 16, 7-11.^^Graham County, Hooker Cienega, San Pedro River, Vegetation, Wetlands^article^:
^1964^Yavapai Cowbelles;Stevens, Robert C.^Yavapai Cowbelles & Robert C. Stevens (1964): Echoes of the Past: Tales of Old Yavapai. Vol. Vol. 2, 1992 reprint. Yavapai Cowbelles, Prescott. 312 Pages.^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, History, Prescott, Ranching, Settlement, Verde River, Yavapai County^book^:
^1954^Yeager, Lee E.;Hill, Ralph R.^Yeager, Lee E. & Ralph R. Hill (Eds.) (1954): Beaver Management Problems on Western Public Lands. Wildlife Management Institute. (Transaction of the Nineteenth North American Wildlife Conference)^^Beaver^book^:
^1951^Yoder, Phillip Daniel^Yoder, Phillip Daniel (1951): The History of Fort Whipple. University of Arizona, Tucson. (Masters thesis)^^Fort Whipple, Granite Creek, Military, Prescott^book^:
^1969^York, J. C.;Dick-Peddie, W. A.^York, J.C. & W.A. Dick-Peddie (1969): Vegetation Changes in Southern New Mexico During the Past Hundred Years. In: Arid Lands in Perspective. (Eds: W.G. McGinnies & B.J. Goldman) University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 155-165.^^New Mexico, Plant Geography, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1993^Young, Deborah D.^Young, Deborah D. (Ed.) (1993): Symposium on Vegetation Management of Hot Desert Rangeland Ecosystems. Arizona Section, Society for Range Management, Phoenix.^^Anthology/proceedings, Grasslands, Grazing, Sonoran Desert, Vegetation^book^:
^1894^Young, J. A.^Young, J.A. (1894): The Mighty Colorado. Irrigation Age 7(4, October), 165-170.^Much has been written about the Colorado River, now so famous on account of the deep winding ravines through which its turbulent waters flow. History informs us that this river was discovered in 1540 by some Spanish explorers. Sitgreave's expedition, in 1851, crossed the Colorado about one hundred and fifty miles above Yuma. On New Year's day, 1854, Lieutenant Whipple, when making a survey for a railroad, came in sight of high cliffs in the vicinity of this river and subsequently made discoveries relating to the existence of the Grand canyon. The War Department sent out an expedition under Lieutenant Ives, in 1857, to explore the Colorado as far as found safe and practicable. He ascended the river to within a few miles of the Virgin. previous to this time, and for many years after, the true source and exact course of the Colorado were not definitely known. In a general way, it was understood that several hundred miles of its channel lay in deep gorges. At many places along its course it was hazardous to approach the rim of the channel, much less descend to the edge of the water. It was generally believed that its course was beset with numerous rapids, falls and whirlpools, over which boats could not safely pass, and that for hundreds of miles this river disappeared and ran beneath the surface of the earth. It was taken for granted that certain death would be the fate of any one attempting its navigation. We are told that James White, an unsuccessful prospector, and a companion took refuge in the Grand canyon in order to escape from the Indians. Numerous romantic adventures were narrated from time to time, by persons who claimed to have invaded the mysteries of the Grand canyon, but for the most part that river remained unknown to the Geographer.^Colorado River, Description, Exploration, Grand Canyon, Little Colorado River^article^:
^1956^Young, May E.^Young, May E. (1956): Ups and Downs of the Early Cattlemen. Arizona Cattlelog 11(9, May), 26-28.^In the early days, prior to 1882 when the Santa Fe railroad was completed through northern Arizona, the cattlemen of Mohave County were desperate for a market. Cattle accumulated on the ranges until there was such a surplus that the ranchers could hardly give them away. For years, there was no demand for anything except two- and three-year old steers. Old cows and bulls were left to die on the range. A steer over three years old was considered a 'rough'. Wild horses, too, were accumulating until they were a menace. Something had to be Done.^History, Mohave County, Ranching^article^:
^1966^Yount, G. C.^Yount, G.C. (1966): George C. Yount and his Chro-nicles of the West. Old West, Denver.^^Anglos, Beaver, Biography, Exploration^book^:
^1993^Yuncevich, Greg^Yuncevich, Greg (1993): The San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area. In: Riparian Management: Common Threads and Shared Interests. (A Western Regional Conference on River Management Strategies) (Eds: Tellman, Barbara, Hanna J. Cortner., Mary G. Wallace, Leonard F. DeBano & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-226.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 369-372. (Proceedings of the Symposium, 4-6 February, 1993, Albuquerque, New Mexico)^^Description, San Pedro River^chapter^:
^1996^Zarbin, Earl A.^Zarbin, Earl A. (No date): Index to Water-Related Articles in Early Central Arizona Newspapers, 1859-1918. Manuscript at Attorney General's Office, Phoenix.^^Bibliography, Floods, Rivers, Water Supply^other^:
^1984^Zarbin, Earl A.^Zarbin, Earl A. (1984): Roosevelt Dam. Central Arizona Museum, Phoenix. 250 Pages.^^History, Roosevelt Dam, Salt River^book^:
^1965^Zimmerman, Dale A.^Zimmerman, Dale A. (1965): The Gray Hawk in the Southwest. Audubon Field Notes 19(4), 475-477.^"Near Tucson, Arizona, in the spring of 1872, Major Charles Bendire occupied an attractive campsite beneath tall cottonwoods and majestic mesquite and ironwood trees along one of the then permanent streams. There, within a ten-mile radius of his camp, he studied several nesting pairs of an attractive little gray and white raptor, then called Asturina plagiate, the Mexican Goshawk. Today we know it as Buteo nitidus, and by the more appropriate vernacular Gray Hawk. The bird is, of course, not a goshawk at all, but a dainty buteo. Major Bendire found four active nests of the Gray Hawk near his camp, and referred in his "Life Histories of North American Birds" (U.S. Nat'l Mus. Spec. Bull. 1, 1892:p. 242) to others found by Frank Stephans in Arizona and New Mexico. Both men considered the bird 'common about Tucson, especially in some of the large mesquite groves on the Santa Cruz River ... [their] nests ... placed in cottonwoods and large mesquite Trees.'"^Birds, Santa Cruz River^article^:
^1969^Zimmerman, R. L.^Zimmerman, R.L. (1969): Plant Ecology of an Arid Basin, Tres Alamos-Redington Area. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 485-d)^^Ecology, San Pedro River, Vegetation^book^:
^1995^Zube, Ervin H.^Zube, Ervin H. (1995):Sky Islands: Gloom or Glory. In: Biodiversity and Management of the Madrean Archipelago: The Sky Islands of Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico. (Proceedings of the symposium, 1994 Sept. 19-23; Tucson, AZ) (Eds: DeBano, Leonard F.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Ortega-Rubio, Alfredo; Gottfried, Gerald J.; Hamre, Robert H.; Edminster, Carleton B.) (General Technical Report, RM-GTR-264.) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 487-491.^This paper addresses the question of values attributed to mountain landscapes, how they have evolved historically, and what factors have influenced that evolution. As the title suggests, mountains have sometimes been preserved in less than favorable fashion. Furthermore, values have been conflicting. Among the values explored are those of scenery, recreation, wilderness, timber harvest, and watershed protection. Gloom and glory perceptions and values are illustrated with both historic and contemporary examples from diverse geographic settings, but with specific emphasis on the Southern Arizona Sky Islands.^Human Impact, Sky Islands^chapter^:
^1971^Zubrow, E. B. W.^Zubrow, E.B.W. (1971): Carrying Capacity and Dynamic Equilibrium in the Prehistoric Southwest. Southwest American Antiquity 36, 127-138.^^Archaeology, Ethnoecology, Indians^article^: