^2000^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (No date): Trend Analysis of Selected Water Quality Constituents in the Verde River Basin, Central Arizona. On file, University of Arizona Library, Government Documents I19 42/4:90-4128.^^Verde River, Water Quality^other^:
^2000^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (several years): Newsclippings - Water Pollution. ASU Library Ephemera Collection.^^Water Quality^other^:
^2000^[Anon.]^Anon. (No date):Fort Lowell. Various papers concerning Fort Lowell, Manuscript (MS)266, Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^Papers include Army inspection reports ("Re: Water Supply") for Fort Lowell concerning Santa Cruz River and Rillito Creek in the 1880s.^Military, Rillito, Santa Cruz River, Water Supply^other^:
^2000^Allison, Warren^Allison, Warren (No date): Pioneer Days in Tucson. Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^My father, George Allison, and my mother, Mary Jane Owens Allison, lived on a farm in Solano County, California, and there I was born September 23, 1857. This farm was located about four miles south of a town called Silveyville. I went to a private school there for about four years. In our family there were four boys; Charles; Francis; Warren and Julious, and one girl named Kate. After our father sold the farm, we moved to a town called Dixon. In about 1867 the railroad was built from Valejo to Sacramento. After this railraod was built, it drew the business from Silveyville to the railroad town of Dixon. Silveyville then became a ghost town and is not on the maps Today.^Anglos, Santa Cruz River, Tucson^other^:
^2000^Anning, D. W.;Duet, N. R.^Anning, D.W. & N.R. Duet (Issued periodically): Summary of Ground-Water Conditions in Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey in Cooperation with the Arizona Department of Water Resources, Tucson, Arizona. (U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report).^^Groundwater^book^:
^2000^Arizona Game and Fish Department^Arizona Game and Fish Department (Issued periodically): Statewide Fisheries Investigations. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Tucson.^^Fish, Water Quality^book^:
^2000^Arizona Historical Society^Arizona Historical Society (Not applicable):[Photos]. Historic photos and brief accompanying information regarding the Santa Cruz River...Warner's Mill...Warner's Lake. On file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson, Photo Collection, "Places - Tucson - Warner's Lake" and "Places - Tucson - Businesses - Milling Companies".^^Lakes, Santa Cruz River^other^:
^2000^Bancroft^Bancroft (No date): Bancroft Scraps File. On file at Arizona Historical Foundation, Tempe.^^Anthology/proceedings, History^other^:
^2000^Bleakley, M. M.^Bleakley, M.M. (No date): Rollin Rice Richardson. Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^Rollin Rice Richardson, the founder of Patagonia, Arizona, was born in Shippenville, Clarion County, Pa., July 10, 1846. His father, Richard, was a merchant and small farmer in the area and sold everything from dry goods to livestock. Rollin, the only son of four children, was required to handle most of the chores and on occasion assisted his father driving livestock to larger markets in the state or running lumber down the Clarion and Alleghany rivers to Pittsburg.^Anglos, Biography, Ranching, Sonoita Creek^other^:
^2000^Blumenthal, M. J.^Blumenthal, M.J. (No date): Bibliography of Materials Relating to the North American Indian in the Clinton P. Anderson Collection of Western Americana. Center for Southwest Research, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.^^Bibliography, Indians^book^:
^2000^Bureau of Educational Research and Service^Bureau of Educational Research and Service (no date): A Photographic Essay of Arizona Indians. University of Arizona College of Education, Tucson.^^Apaches, Indians, Maricopa Indians, Photos/art, Pima Indians^book^:
^2000^Cook, Charles H.;Whittemore, Isaac T.^Cook, Charles H. & Isaac T. Whittemore (No date): Among the Pimas. Ladies Union Mission School Association, Albany. 136 Pages.^^Gila River, Missions, Pima Indians^book^:
^2000^Cook, Fred S.^Cook, Fred S. (no date):History of Parker and Area. Good Neighbor Advertiser, Parker, Arizona.^There is some controversy over just who the town of Parker was actually named for. The honor may be given to Ely Samuel Parker, America's first Indian Commissioner; or to Earl H. Parker, a locating engineer for the Railroad.^Colorado River, Place Names, Steamboats^book^:
^2000^Dobyns, Henry F.;Contreras, B.;Gortarez, G.^Dobyns, Henry F., B. Contreras & G. Gortarez (No date): Index to Tubac Through Four Centuries. Microfilm, University of Arizona Library, Tucson. 25 Pages.^^History, Santa Cruz River, Tubac^book^:
^2000^Dove, Donald^Dove, Donald (No date): Early White Settlements Along the Gila River, Arizona: 1850-1890. Unpublished manuscript, on file at Arizona State University Library, Tempe.^The Gila River develops in the vast mountain range west of the Rio Grande in New Mexico. It enters Arizona at a westerly course through the Arizona counties of Graham, Pinal, Maricopa, and Yuma. It terminates at the Colorado River on Arizona's western border at nearly the same latitude as it enters. The Gila winds its way through some of the finest agriculture land in the West. The Valley of the Gila is from one to five miles in width. Once this land is brought under cultivation with a sufficient amount of water, it can sustain large populations, as many of the early inhabitants before the white man Discovered.^Anglos, Gila River, History^other^:
^2000^Francaviglia, Richard V.^Francaviglia, Richard V. (No date): Copper Mining Spills and Water Quality in the San Pedro Basin, Arizona. Southeastern Arizona Government Organization, Sierra Vista.^^Mining, San Pedro River, Water Quality^book^:
^2000^Greenwald, David H.^Greenwald, David H. (No date): Investigations of the Baccharis Site and Extension Arizona Canal. From Arizona Attorney General's Office, Library.^This report presents the results of intensive data recovery through excavation of an early pre-Classic Hohokam site and an in-depth archival study of historic features, including the Extension Arizona Canal. The project was sponsored by the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) with the Museum of Northern Arizona (MNA) serving as consultants to ADOT for these archaeological and historical studies. Field work was conducted during May and June, 1987.^Archaeology, Canals, Hohokam, Maricopa County, Salt River^other^:
^2000^Greenwald, David H.;Ciolek-Torrello, Richard^Greenwald, David H. & Richard Ciolek-Torrello (Eds.) (No date): Archaeological Investigations at the Dutch Canal Ruin, Phoenix, Arizona: Archaeology and History Along the Papago Freeway Corridor. Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff.^This report presents the results of combined archaeological testing and axcavation conducted at the Dutch Canal ruin site within the Interstate 10, Papago Freeway corridor, Phoenix, Arizona. The project was sponsored by the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) and the Museum of Northern Arizona (MNA) was contracted by HNTB Engineers, consultants to ADOT, to complete the archaeological studies. Field work was conducted during May, June and July, 1986. Prehistoric resources identified during the testing consisted of two canal alignments and habitation features which date to the late Pioneer and Colonial periods of the Hohokam culture, ca. A.D. 600-950. The remains are located within the boundaries of the large Classic period village mapped by Midvale as the Dutch Canal ruin. Classic period remains found during this project, however, were limited to only two redware Sherds.^Archaeology, Canals, Hohokam, Phoenix, Surveys^book^:
^2000^Hayden^Hayden (No date): Various Notes on the Virgin River. On file at the Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^^Virgin River^other^:
^2000^Hayden^Hayden (No date):James Lee. Hayden File, Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^Information on Silver Lake, Santa Cruz River water supply, and a flour mill near Sentinel Hill ("A Mountain") in Tucson, mid 1800s.^Flour Mills, Lakes, Santa Cruz River^other^:
^2000^Hayden^Hayden (No date):Solomon Warner. Hayden File, Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^Information about Warner's Lake, Warner's Mill, Santa Cruz River water supply. . . ."Sam Hughes says that in 1858 which was a cold season for this latitude, the waters of the Santa Cruz were so deep that a flat boat could be navigated, probably, clear to the Gila at Maricopa, and that the Rillito was 3/4 of a mile in Width."^Flour Mills, Lakes, Santa Cruz River^other^:
^2000^Hayden, Charles C.^Hayden, Charles C. (no date):Copy of Letter from Albert A. Benedict to Kirby Benedict. Letter dated may 23, 1863, Arizona, Maricopa Wells; from the Hayden file on Albert Case Benedict at the Arizona Historical Foundation, Arizona State University, Tempe.^^Agua Fria River, Exploration, Gila River, Mining^other^:
^2000^Hayden, Charles C.^Hayden, Charles C. (no date):Benedict, Albert Case: The Walker Party. The Hayden file on Albert Case Benedict, including a reprint attributed to: Fish, M.S., Chapter 8, pages 336-340; from the Hayden File, Arizona Historical Foundation, Arizona State University, Tempe.^The Discovery of Gold Near Prescott: On the withdrawal of troops from Arizona in 1861 the Indians had full control. All mining ceased and was not resumed for several years, then the tide of prosperity began to drift into the northern part of the Territory. In 1862 the Placer gold mines of the Colorado drew a crowd of miners and many of them soon scattered and drifted north, where developments were soon made of a wonderful nature in the vicinity of the Hassayampa.^Colorado River, Exploration, Hassayampa River, Indians, Mining, Prescott^other^:
^2000^Hunter, William H.^Hunter, William H. (No date): Transcript of a Diary-Journal of Events, etc., on a Journey from Missouri to California in 1849. Manuscript on file at University of Arizona Special Collections Library.^^Anglos, Journals, Travel^other^:
^2000^Kerpez, Theodore A.;Smith, Norman S.^Kerpez, Theodore A. & Norman S. Smith (No date): Saltcedar Control for Wildlife Habitat Improvement in the Southwestern United States. (Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication, No. 169.) University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.^^Habitat, Restoration, Saltcedar, Vegetation Removal, Wildlife^book^:
^2000^Mattison,Ray H.^Mattison,Ray H. (No date):The Controversy in Southern Arizona Over the Tumacacori and Calabasas Land Grants. Manuscript on file at Special Collections Library, University of Arizona, Tucson.^"Although the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848 and the Gadsden Purchase of 1853, ceded domination of some 560,000 square miles of Mexico to the United States, it was not until over a half century later that the courts would be able to unscramble the maze of rival claims to the Spanish and Mexican grants in this territory. While none of the cases has attracted as much attention as the fraudulent Peralta-Reavis grant, which involved som 12,740,000 acres in both Arizona and New Mexico, the controversy in southern Arizona over the Tumcacacori and Calabasas grants created considerable attention and involved several United States Supreme Court Decisions."^Calabasas, Land Grants, Santa Cruz River, Tumacacori^other^:
^2000^Office of Arid Land Studies^Office of Arid Land Studies (No date): Desertification Bibliography. Office of Arid Land Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Bibliography, Desertification^book^:
^2000^Schroeder, Albert H.^Schroeder, Albert H. (no date): A brief survey of the lower Colorado River from Davis Dam to the International Border. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nevada. 77 pages.^^Colorado River, Davis Dam, Surveys, U.s.-mexico Border^book^:
^2000^Schwalen, Harold C.^Schwalen, Harold C. (No date): Little Chino Valley Artesian & Groundwater Basin. Agricultural Experiment Station, The University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Groundwater, Little Chino Valley, Verde River^book^:
^2000^Stromberg, Juliet C.;Tiller, Ronald;Richter, Brian^Stromberg, Juliet C., Tiller, Ronald & Richter, Brian (in press): Predicting Effects of Gradual Groundwater Decline on Riparian Vegetation in a Semiarid Region: Case Study of the San Pedro River, Arizona, USA. Ecological Applications.^^Groundwater, San Pedro River, Vegetation Change, Water Loss^article^:
^2000^Various Authors^Various Authors (No date):Fort Lowell. Various papers concerning Fort Lowell, Manuscript (MS)266, Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^Papers include Army inspection reports ("Re: Water Supply") for Fort Lowell concerning Santa Cruz River and Rillito Creek in the 1880s.^Military, Rillito, Santa Cruz River, Water Supply^other^:
^2000^Wheeler, C. C.^Wheeler, C.C. (No date): History and Facts Concerning Warner and Silver Lake and the Santa Cruz River. Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson, 3 pages.^At different times the papers have mentioned items of these lakes, and several have asked me to describe them. And as this is to be a story concerning water, I will begin with the Santa Cruz River. Early writers tell that many years ago that the river was an ever flowing stream of clear water, not a large stream with a wide channel and deep as at the present time, but enough so that fur Animals were trapped on both it and the Gila River. Many Lagoons or slews were located along the Santa Cruz, Two very large ones at Calabasas formed by the overflow of the Sonotia creek and Santa Cruz, with others along the stream, The condition at Calabasas on account of this swampy land malaria was very bad and settlers suffered greatly with Chills and Fever and many were obliged to move from that section. There was also much swampy land south of Tubac, also another south of the San Xavier Mission, another about Nine miles Northwest of Tucson.^Channel Change, Disease, Nogales, Pima County, Santa Cruz County, Santa Cruz River, Tubac, Tucson, Vegetation Change, Wetlands^other^:
^2000^Wheeler,Charles C.^Wheeler,Charles C. (No date):History and Facts Concerning Warner and Silver Lake and the Santa Cruz River. Paper on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson, (MS 853: Silver Lake, Pima).^^Lakes, Santa Cruz River, Timber, Water Supply^other^:
^2000^Wolden, L.;Stromberg, Juliet C.;Patten, Duncan T.^Wolden, L., Stromberg, Juliet C. & Patten, Duncan T. (in press): Flora and Vegetation of the Hassayampa River Preserve. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science.^^Flora, Refuges/preserves, Vegetation^article^:
^2000^Zarbin, Earl A.^Zarbin, Earl A. (No date): Index to Water-Related Articles in Early Central Arizona Newspapers, 1859-1918. Manuscript at Attorney General's Office, Phoenix.^^Bibliography, Floods, Rivers, Water Supply^other^:
^1995^Arizona Game & Fish Department^Arizona Game & Fish Department (1995):Heritage Data Management System. List of Special Status plant and animal species listed on the HDMS database for the Santa Cruz River Valley, obtained from Sherry Ruther, Habitat Specialist (Tucson Office), November 20, 1995.^Information contained in the Department's HDMS is dynamic and updated on a periodic basis. Any information, therefore, is likely to become outdated shortly after its release. Such information is intended to serve as a guide regarding what species may be found in a particular area. It does not represent the results of comprehensive species-specific Surveys.^Endangered Species, Human Impact, Santa Cruz River, Vegetation, Wildlife^other^:
^1995^August,Jr,Jack L.^August,Jr,Jack L. (1995):A Vision in the Desert: Charles Trumbull Hayden, Salt River Pioneer. Journal of Arizona History 36(2, Summer), 109-134.^"As he approached the south side of the flooding Salt River in 1866, Tucson trader and probate judge Chalres Trumbull Hayden realized that he would not be able to cross. Forty-one years old and well-traveled, he had never journeyed north of the Gila. Before leaving Tucson for Fort Whipple, he had stopped along the gila and conferred with Pima Indians who informed him that the best crossing of the Salt was at a place where a large and a small butte stodd opposite rocky hills on the north side of the river. With little else to do but wait out the high water, Hayden climbed the larger of the two buttes. From his vantage point, 300 feet above the desert floor, he looked out over a wide stretch of inhospitable desert landscape. Stranded for two days atop the butte, he contemplated the forty-mile-wide valley that lay before Him."^Ferries, Salt River^article^:
^1995^Bahre, Conrad J.^Bahre, Conrad J. (1995):Human Disturbance and Vegetation in Arizona's Chiricahua Mountains in 1902. Desert Plants 11(4), 41-45.^During a visit to the National Archives in Washington, D.C., I found a 1902 map of southeastern Arizona's Chricahua Mountains. I had searched for nearly a decade for this map drawn by Albert F. Potter when he and Royal S. Kellogg were sent by the Forestry Bureau of the General Land Office (GLO) to the Arizona Territory. Their purpose was to determine the feasibility of establishing the Chiricahua Forest Reserve. They spent one week in April in the northern part of the Chiricahuas at Brannock Riggs' sawmill in Barfoot Park and one week in May in the southern part of the range at the Benton and Woolf ranch in Tex Canyon. The result of their investigation - favoring a reserve - is contained in 'Report of an Examination of the Chiricahua Mountains in Arizona.'...^Chiricahuas, Exploration, Fire, Fuelwood, Grazing, Logging, Mining^article^:
^1995^Bennett, Duane A.^Bennett, Duane A. (1995):Fuelwood Harvesting in the Sky Islands of Southeastern Arizona. In: Biodiversity and Management of the Madrean Archipelago: The Sky Islands of Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico. (Proceedings of the symposium, 1994 Sept. 19-23; Tucson, AZ) (Eds: DeBano, Leonard F.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Ortega-Rubio, Alfredo; Gottfried, Gerald J.; Hamre, Robert H.; Edminster, Carleton B.) (General Technical Report, RM-GTR-264.) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 519-523.^Fuelwood harvesting has occurred in and around the 'sky island' mountains of southeastern Arizona for centuries. Native Americans utilized the woodlands as a source of food and a source of fueld for cooking and heating. Spanish explorers, Mexicans, and American settlers later expanded utilization to include such uses as mine timbering, coal production, and fencing. Utilization of the woodlands had minimal impacts on woodland resources until the local mining boom which took place in the late 19th century, and more recently from fuelwood harvesting in the late 20th century. This paper reveiws the recent history of fuelwood harvesting on the Sierra Vista Ranger District of the Coronado National Forest and the changing demand for fuelwood in southeastern Arizona from the early 1970's to 1994.^Fuelwood, Human Impact, Santa Cruz River, Sky Islands^chapter^:
^1995^DeBano, Leonard F.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Ortega-Rubio, Alredo; Gottfried, Gerald J.; Jamre, Rovert H.; Edminster, Carleton B. (Eds.)^DeBano, Leonard F.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Ortega-Rubio, Alredo; Gottfried, Gerald J.; Jamre, Rovert H.; Edminster, Carleton B. (Eds.) (1995):Biodiversity and Management of the Madrean Archipelago: The Sky Islands of Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico. (Proceedings of the symposium, 1994 Sept. 19-23; Tucson, AZ) (General Technical Report, RM-GTR-264.) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO. 669 pages.^This conference brought together scientists and managers from government, universities, and private organizations to examine the biological diversity and management challenges of the unique 'sky island' ecosystems of the mountains of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Session topics included: floristic resources, plant ecology, vertebrates, invertebrates, hydrology and riparain systems, aquatic resources, fire, conservation and management, human uses through time, and visions for the Future.^Fire, Flora, Human Impact, Hydrology, Sky Islands^book^:
^1995^Friederici, Peter^Friederici, Peter (1995): The Alien Saltcedar. American Forests 101(1&2, January/February), 45-47.^In two centuries the alien saltcedar has established itself along numerous rivers and reservoirs, where biologists and land managers regard it is a noxious plant pest. It stands accused of degrading wildlife habitat, ruining the recreational amenities of riparian areas, wasting scarce water, and even increasing the severity of floods. Its impact has been especially great on riparian woodlands, which support the greatest quantity and diversity of life - both animal and human -in the desert landscape, and which are among the most imperiled ecosystems in North America.^Environmental Change, Recreation, Saltcedar, Wildlife^article^:
^1995^Gastelum, Luis A.^Gastelum, Luis A. (1995): Memories of My Youth at Tubac: From the Old Homestead to Adulthood. Journal of Arizona History 36(1, Spring), 1-32.^The Gastelum family came from Spain to Alamos, Sonora, in the early 1700s. Our earliest direct descendant was Manuel Gastelum, who married Josefa (Felix) Solano in 1737. Three more generations were born in Alamos. Manuel was followed by his son Joaquin, who married Gertrudes Murrieta; grandson Santiago and his wife, Victoria de la Paz; and Manuel and Josefa's great-grandson Juan Maria, who married Maria Dolores Garcia.^Agriculture, Biography, Santa Cruz County, Santa Cruz River, Spanish, Tubac^article^:
^1995^Grissino-Mayer, Henri D.; Baisan, Christopher H.; Swetnam, Thomas W.^Grissino-Mayer, Henri D.; Baisan, Christopher H.; Swetnam, Thomas W. (1995):Fire History in the Pinaleņo Mountains of Southeastern Arzona: Effects of Human-Related Disturbances. In: Biodiversity and Management of the Madrean Archipelago: The Sky Islands of Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico. (Proceedings of the symposium, 1994 Sept. 19-23; Tucson, AZ) (Eds: DeBano, Leonard F.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Ortega-Rubio, Alfredo; Gottfried, Gerald J.; Hamre, Robert H.; Edminster, Carleton B.) (General Technical Report, RM-GTR-264.) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 399-407.^We reconstructed the history of fire at two sites in the mixed-conifer forests of the Pinaleņo Mountains of southern Arizona from 90 fire-scarred living and dead southwestern white pine (Pinus strobiformis) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) trees. We used dendroecological techniques to date nearly 2000 fire scars to their exact year of formation, and obtained age structure information from over 600 increment cores and cross-sections collected from Engelmann spruce (Picea enelmannii) and corkbark fir (Abies lasiocarpa). We compared the age structure data with the reconstruction of past fires to determine the age structure data with the reconstruction of past fires to determine which fires may have had an effect on the higher-elevation forests. During the pre-settlement period (prior to 1880), low-intensity surface fires occurred once every four to six years, based on the median probability interval derived using the Weibull distribution. The age structure of the spruce-fir forest suggests that the forest established after a stand-replacement fire that occurred in 1685, considered one of the most widespread and intense of any reconstructed fire event. Firest had occurred predominantly in the early portion of the growing season (May and June) similar to current dominant season of fire activity. The cessation of episodic firest after 1893 can be attributed to a combination of human-related disturbances, especially grazing and fire exclusion. The absence of ecologically-significant fires during the last 100 years in the Pinaleņo Mountains should be considered when developing land and fire management plants for this environmentally sensitive Area.^Fire, Human Impact, Sky Islands^chapter^:
^1995^Hadley, Diana; Sheridan, Thomas E.^Hadley, Diana; Sheridan, Thomas E. (1995):Land Use History of the San Rafael Valley, Arizona (1540-1960). (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-GTR-269.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO. 279 pages.^This Lone Mountain/San Rafael land use history is an attempt to understand the ocmplex interplay between the land and the people who've occupied it. The report is primarily a cultural history of the San Rafael Valley and its surrounding mountains over four centuries. During three of the centuries land use was intermittent. Between 1860 and 1960, however, land use was intense. The report presents a chronological record of social and economic development in the study area, with a focus on the discovery, abundance, and allocation of available resources. As participants in the larger political economy, residents of the study area have felt the impact of outside capital, new technology, corporate investment, state and national political events, the creation of new governmental agencies, and the imposition of unaccustomed regulations. We have attempted to assess the degree to which these external forces have affected the lives of study area residents and to determine whether residents invited, welcomed, or resisted social and economic Change.^Agriculture, Fuelwood, History, Land Grants, Land Use, Mining, Ranching, Santa Cruz River, Settlement, Spanish^book^:
^1995^Hereford,Richard; Thompson,K. S.; Burke,K. J.; Fairley,H. C.^Hereford,Richard; Thompson,K. S.; Burke,K. J.; Fairley,H. C. (1995):Late Holocene Debris Fans and Alluvial Chronology of the Colorado River, Eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-57, 28 p., 10 figs., 4 Tables.^^Colorado River, Geology, Grand Canyon^other^:
^1995^Kupel, Douglas E.^Kupel, Douglas E. (1995): Patagonia: Jewel of the Sonoita Valley. Journal of Arizona History 36(1, Spring), 55-82.^Most people are familiar with the company town, but Patagonia was something different. It was the one-man town of Rollin Rice Richardson until his death in 1923, and even then his influence continued. Founded as Rollin in 1896, Patagonia was the commercial center of an important mining district in southern Arizona's Santa Cruz County. Second only to mining, ranching and the cattle industry provided a mainstay through boom-and-bust cycles. While mining and ranching fueled the economic engines of Patagonia, the town might not have existed without the railroad. A fourth enterprise - tourism - arrived in the 1920s and laid the foundation for the town's continued vitality after mining, ranching, and railroading had declined. Taken together, the history of Patagonia and its Hispanic and Anglo residents exemplifies the precarious nature of economic growth in twentieth-century Arizona.^Cattle, Mining, Patagonia, Ranching, Sonoita Creek^article^:
^1995^Mabry, Jonathan B.^Mabry, Jonathan B. (1995):The First Tucsonans: Recent Excavations at Early Village Sites in the Middle Santa Cruz Valley. Glyphs 46(5, November), 1-2.^Only a decade ago, the adoption of agriculture, the establishment of permanent villages, and the beginning of pottery use in the Southwest were all thought to have first occurred in the mountain highlands between about A.D. 200 and 500. The scenario based on a number of recent archaeological discoveries is quite Different...^Agriculture, Archaeology, Hohokam, Santa Cruz River, Tucson^article^:
^1995^Pima Association of Governments^Pima Association of Governments (1995):Data on population trends in Pima County. Facsimile provided by Gail Kushner, Pag.^^Pima County, Population, Tucson^other^:
^1995^Powell Consortium^Powell Consortium (1995):Severe Sustained Drought: Managing the Colorado River System in Times of Water Shortage. (Powell Consortium Publications, No. 1.) Powell Consortium, Arizona Water Resources Research Center, Tucson, Arizona. (Reprinted with permission from: The Water Resources Bulletin, Vol. 31, No. 5, October 1995)^The Colorado River in the southwestern United States is one of the most highly regulated and heavily utilized river systems in the world. It supplies water for domestic, agricultural, industrial, recreation, hydroelectric, ecological, and aesthetic purposes to seven states and two countries. It directly supplies part or all of the drinking water for over 30 million people and the interdependencies of its other uses have direct or indirect effects on addtional tens of millions of people. considerations about managing the Colorado River system range from maintaining bountiful agricultural production to maintaining endangered species found nowhere else. It is what the Powell Consortium has termed a mega-scale water supply and distribution system. Its management involves state, interstate, national, and international legal and institutional arrangements. This monograph sets forth results of a multi- and interdisciplinary research project begun inthe early 1980s and completed in 1994. It has a complex and difficult funding history ranging from contributions of several hundred thousands of dollars by some federal programs down to a few hundred dollars from local funding sources. The study is about the nemesis of water supply systems in arid regions of the world - drought. The project has had a variety of titles - depending on timing and source of funds - but has become known collectively as the Sever Sustained Drought (SSD) study. It represents an effort to develop and understand the potential ramifications of drought in the Colorado River as we know it today. It stands as an example of much-needed attention to long-term planning for our water resources. Before you read individual papers - and we encourage you to read them all - a little perspective is perhaps in order. ...^Canals, Colorado River, Drought, Water Management, Water Supply^book^:
^1995^Riley, Larry^Riley, Larry (1995): A River of Hope: Glen Canyon EIS Update. Arizona Wildlife Views 38(3, March), 8-9.^A lot is changing in the management of the Colorado river through Grand Canyon - I think. The last time I wrote an article like this for Arizona Wildlife Views, 'A River of Discontent', September 1991, the battles were still raging. I'm not sure that they have stopped, but they have quieted down. In 1989, the Secretary of the Interior responded to a great deal of public concern over the operation of Glen Canyon Dam, and announced that an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) would be prepared to analyze options for operation of the dam. The reason for the concern was easy to understand - Glen Canyon Dam is the spigot that controls the Colorado River as it flows through the Grand Canyon.^Colorado River, Environmental Change, Glen Canyon Dam^article^:
^1995^Riper III, Charles van (Ed.)^Riper III, Charles van (Ed.) (1995):Proceedings of the Second Biennial Conference on Research in Colorado Plateau National Parks. (Transactions and Proceedings Series, NPS/NRNAU/NRTP-95/11.) National Park Service, Cooperative Park Studies Unit, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. 305 pages.^The papers in this volume are contributions from National Biological Service (NBS) scientists, university students, and resource managers throughout the Colorado Plateau. The focus of all studies in this volume is on providing baseline scientific information on the physical, cultural, and natural resources of the Colorado Plateau. Support for these studies came from a myriad of federal, state, and private partners concerned about the well-being of the Plateau's resources. . . ." [H. Ronald Pulliam, Director, National Biological Service, from the Foreword]^Anthology/proceedings, Colorado Plateau^book^:
^1995^Rogge, A. E.;McWatters, D. Lorne;Keane, Melissa;Emanuel, Richard P.^Rogge, A.E., D.Lorne McWatters, Melissa Keane & Richard P. Emanuel (1995): Raising Arizona's Dams: Daily Life, Danger, and Discrimination in the Dam Construction Camps of Central Arizona, 1890s - 1940s. University of Arizona Press, Tucson & London. 212 pages.^"The Central Arizona Project is designed to import waters from the Colorado River into the desert of central and southern Arizona, where most of the state's farms and cities are located. In 1968, Congress authorized the Bureau of Reclamation to construct this massive water development project. Although some elements of the project were still under construction, the Bureau of Reclamation declared the project substantially complete in 1993 and directed the Central Arizona Water Conservation District to begin repaying the costs of the project (at subsidized interest rates). The District, organized to operate and maintain the canals, pumping plants, and dams, will continue to make installment payments over the next half century. The Central Arizona Project is a continuation of federal government reclamation policies that date back almost a century, but it is also one of the last big reclamatio projects the federal government will build. One element of the Central Arizona Project was a proposed Orme Dam, which was to be built at the confluence of the Salt and Verde Rivers to store irrigation water and control floods. When a draft environmental impact statement for the proposed Orme Dam was released in the mid-1970s, numerous public concerns were voiced about such issues as the destruction of bald eagle habitat and the inundation of two-thirds of the fort McDowell Indian Reservation. The Bureau of Reclamation reacted by studying ways to achieve water supply and flood control without Orme Dam, and the agency came up with nine alternatives. In 1982, after lengthy review, the secretary of the interior chose the sixth alternative. "Plan 6" involves raising the height of Roosevelt Dam by more than seventy feet, replacing Waddell Dam, modifying Stewart Mountain Dam, and strengthening other dams on the Salt and Verde rivers. Plan 6 also originally included construction of Cliff Dam to replace Horseshoe Dam, but this element of the plan was subsequently dropped. Construction activities and the enlarge reservoirs of^Archaeology, Colorado River, Construction, Dams, History, Salt River, Social Issues, Verde River^book^:
^1995^Sekaquaptewa, Emory^Sekaquaptewa, Emory (1995):Our Journeys: American Indian Epics. Series of videos by KUAT Television and the Arizona Board of Regents; Indians of Arizona; 6 Volumes.^^Colorado River, Gila River, History, Indians, Santa Cruz River^other^:
^1995^Sheridan, Thomas E.^Sheridan, Thomas E. (1995): Arizona: a History. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 434 Pages.^^History^book^:
^1995^Sheridan, Thomas E.; Hadley, Diana^Sheridan, Thomas E.; Hadley, Diana (1995):Ethnoecology of the Lone Mountain/San Rafael Valley Ecosystem. In: Biodiversity and Management of the Madrean Archipelago: The Sky Islands of Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico. (Proceedings of the symposium, 1994 Sept. 19-23; Tucson, AZ) (Eds: DeBano, Leonard F.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Ortega-Rubio, Alfredo; Gottfried, Gerald J.; Hamre, Robert H.; Edminster, Carleton B.) (General Technical Report, RM-GTR-264.) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 502-510.^The paper will present an overview of the results of research condeucted for the Coronado National Forest on the Lone Mountain/San Rafael Ecosystem Project Areas. The project reserach goal is a history of land use and ecosystem change within the project area. The reasearch methodology includes conventional archival research, examination of historic photographs of the area, and extensive oral history interviews with long-term residents of the sutdy area. The overview presented at the conference will be illustrated by slides of historic photographs and historic maps which offer insights into land use and into ecosystem changes which resulted from specific uses. The paper will include a brief description of historic human occupation by the study area's major ethnic groups (Native American, Spanish, Mexican, and Anglo-American) with a summary of each group's settlement pattern, land-use activites, perceptions of the local ecosystem, and possible environmental impacts. The paper will focus on evaluating the comparative impacts by the area's ethnic groups according to the specific subsistence and economic activities in which they engaged. It will concluded with a general analysis of the evidence of vegetation and landscape changes within specific ecosystem components of the project area, including Plains Grassland, Oak Woodland, Riparian Habitats, and Coniferous Forests.^Ethnoecology, Grazing, History, Human Impact, Mining, Santa Cruz River, Sky Islands^chapter^:
^1995^Silvey, Bill^Silvey, Bill (1995): Fish Management in Arizona; Part I: The Fish Commission 1881-1911. Arizona Wildlife Views 38(5, May), 16-17.^Anglers today don't appreciate how good things are for their finny pursuits, and few realize that the vast variety of fish they so actively enjoy were not here when Arizona became a Territory. In September of 1881, when the Fish Commission first met they were under public and legislative scrutiny to do something to improve the fishery resources of the Territory. The few varieties of native fish available for tablefare were considered to be of poor quality and not in adequate supply. Back in those days wildlife of all types including fish were looked upon as a food resource for the people, not as the recreation pastime of today. The methods of fishing used in those years contrasts greatly from those of today. To supply the market demand 'Giant Powder', an explosive, and nets and traps were used widely to harvest fish from the territorial rivers for the markets in Tombstone, Tucson, Yuma, Prescott, Globe, and Phoenix.^Fish, Human Impact, Hunting/fishing/trapping^article^:
^1995^Sorenson, Dan^Sorenson, Dan (1995): Beavers to Live on the San Pedro? The Tucson Citizen (May 4), 7C.^A government plan to reintroduce beavers to a portion of the San Pedro River is open to public comment through the end of May. Wildlife biologists from the Arizona Game & Fish Department and U.S. Bureau of Land Management, in charge of overseeing the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, say they may reintroduce beavers as early as September.^Beaver, Restoration, San Pedro River^article^:
^1995^SouthEastern Arizona Governments Organization^SouthEastern Arizona Governments Organization (1995):Table of population trends for Santa Cruz County, including Nogales. Facsimile provided by Richard Gaar, Seago.^^Nogales, Population, Santa Cruz County^other^:
^1995^Spoerl, Patricia M.; Ravesloot, John C.^Spoerl, Patricia M.; Ravesloot, John C. (1995):From Casas Grandes to Casa Grande: Prehistoric Human Impacts in the Sky Islands of Southern Arizona and Northwestern Mexico. In: Biodiversity and Management of the Madrean Archipelago: The Sky Islands of Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico. (Proceedings of the symposium, 1994 Sept. 19-23; Tucson, AZ) (Eds: DeBano, Leonard F.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Ortega-Rubio, Alfredo; Gottfried, Gerald J.; Hamre, Robert H.; Edminster, Carleton B.) (General Technical Report, RM-GTR-264.) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 492-501.^Cultures, past and present, like ecosystems, are dynamic entities, and the relationships between them must be carefully considered. The relationship between people and the natural environment has been a topic of archaeological investigation for many years. Faunal, floral, and climatological sites can be used to reconstruct important aspects of past ecosystems and to determine how they have changed through time. The picture that emerges is one of interaction between a constantly changing environment and a constantly changing human system. This paper summarizes our current knowledge of the prehistory of the Sky Islands, in terms of potential human impacts to the environment and discusses strategies for gaining a better understanding of past relationships between people and their environemtn in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.^Agriculture, Fuelwood, Hohokam, Human Impact, Sky Islands^chapter^:
^1995^Stocker, Joseph^Stocker, Joseph (1995): Return of the Beaver: Rascally Rodent Extraordinaire. Arizona Highways 71(1, January), 16-17.^^Beaver^article^:
^1995^Tresidder, Dennis^Tresidder, Dennis (1995): History of Game Management in Arizona. Arizona Wildlife Views 38(2, February), 2-5.^The year 1881 was significant in Arizona history. That was the year of the infamous shootout at the O.K. Corral in Tombstone, the year that the city of Phoenix was incorporated, and the first telegraph lines were strung to connect Tucson, Yuma, and Tombstone. Arizona was still a territory with a population of about 42, 000 people. In that same year, the Arizona fish Commission was formed. The Commission consisted of three members, who had the unenviable task of enforcing the few game laws that existed in Arizona at that Time.^Game Management, History, Wildlife^article^:
^1995^U.S. News in Water^U.S. News in Water (1995):Simulated Flooding to Give Colorado River a Wild Look. U.S. News in Water 12(6, December), 1, 4.^When 19th century explorer John Wesley Powell dirst charted the length of the Southwest's mighty Colorado River, his party of daring river runners routinely camped on sandbars beneath the cathedral-like walls of the Grand Canyon. After being held back for nearly 30 years by the 710-foot-high Blen Canyon Dam along the Utah-Arizona border, sand and silt deposits no longer form in the river to the exten that Powell saw them. Next spring, however, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation wants to open the dam's outlet gates a bit more to send a moderate flood down the Grand Canyon, in hopes that the historic complexion of the river can to some extent be Renewed.^Colorado River, Dams, Glen Canyon Dam, Human Impact^article^:
^1995^Zube, Ervin H.^Zube, Ervin H. (1995):Sky Islands: Gloom or Glory. In: Biodiversity and Management of the Madrean Archipelago: The Sky Islands of Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico. (Proceedings of the symposium, 1994 Sept. 19-23; Tucson, AZ) (Eds: DeBano, Leonard F.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Ortega-Rubio, Alfredo; Gottfried, Gerald J.; Hamre, Robert H.; Edminster, Carleton B.) (General Technical Report, RM-GTR-264.) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 487-491.^This paper addresses the question of values attributed to mountain landscapes, how they have evolved historically, and what factors have influenced that evolution. As the title suggests, mountains have sometimes been preserved in less than favorable fashion. Furthermore, values have been conflicting. Among the values explored are those of scenery, recreation, wilderness, timber harvest, and watershed protection. Gloom and glory perceptions and values are illustrated with both historic and contemporary examples from diverse geographic settings, but with specific emphasis on the Southern Arizona Sky Islands.^Human Impact, Sky Islands^chapter^:
^1994^Anderson, Mike^Anderson, Mike (1994): Effects of Government Authority on Traditional Flood Responses: The Havasupai Indians at Supai, Arizona. Paper presented to Arizona Historical Society Convention (on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^Researchers of natural hazards and disasters have been criticized for their attention to events within developed nations and for an almost single-minded emphasis placed on monetary costs. Critics point to a need to study disaster effects on Third World nations whose development has been dramatically altered by the intrusive policies of the First World. Benefactor nations such as the United States, often through an earnest desire to improve the quality of life in underdeveloped countries, have attempted to superimpose cash market economies over traditional lifeways, expecting the receiving nations to somehow mimic the affluence of the sending nation. Contrary to this expectation, traditional survival strategies in times of natural disaster often break down under the new economic arrangements, leaving the underdeveloped nation socially as well as economically impoverished and ever more dependent of the First World for disaster Recovery.^Colorado River, Floods, Havasupai, Supai^other^:
^1994^Arizona Department of Environmental Quality^Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (1994):Arizona Water Quality Assessment 1994. Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Phoenix. 300 Pages.^^Rivers, Surface Water, Water Quality^book^:
^1994^Auble, G. T.;Friedman, J. M.;Scott, M. L.^Auble, G.T., J.M. Friedman & M.L. Scott (1994): Relating Riparian Vegetation to Present and Future Streamflows. Ecological Applications 4, 544-554.^^Riparian Areas, Streamflow, Vegetation^article^:
^1994^Bill Williams River Corridor Technical Committee^Bill Williams River Corridor Technical Committee (1994):Proposed Water Management Plan for Alamo Lake and the Bill Williams River. Final Report ed. Vol. II - Appendices. Bill Williams River Corridor Technical Committee, Phoenix.^^Bill Williams River, Dams, Water Management, Water Supply^book^:
^1994^Bill Williams River Corridor Technical Committee^Bill Williams River Corridor Technical Committee (1994):Proposed Water Management Plan for Alamo Lake and the Bill Williams River. Final Report ed. Vol. I. Bill Williams River Corridor Technical Committee, Phoenix. 65 pages.^In 1991, at the direction of the Steering Committee, the Arizona Game and Fish Department, Arizona State Parks, Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Corps of Engineers formed the Bill Williams River Corridor Technical Committee. The purpose of the Technical Committee was to cooperatively develop a revised water management operations proposal for Alamo Lake and the Bill Williams River. The Bureau of Reclamation joined the Technical Committee a year later as did the Arizona Department of Water Resources which served only in an advisory capacity. The agencies recognized that water resource management is the inextricable link that serves to protect the important and significant water-dependent uses and values within the Bill Williams River corridor. While water availability, either in the form of lake storage or stream flow, is the driving force behind all agency resource goals, it was also an issue of controversy among the resource Agencies.^Bill Williams River, Dams, Water Management, Water Supply^book^:
^1994^Blinn, D. W.;Hevly, R. H.;Davis, Owen K.^Blinn, D.W., R.H. Hevly & Owen K. Davis (1994): Continuous Holocene Record of Diatom Stratigraphy, Paleohydrology, and Anthropogenic Activity in a Spring-Mound in Southwestern United States. Quaternary Research 42, 197-205.^^Paleohydrology^article^:
^1994^Brock, J. H.^Brock, J.H. (1994): Phenology and Stand Composition of Woody Riparian Plants in the Southwestern United States. Desert Plants 11(1), 23-32.^^Riparian Areas, Vegetation^article^:
^1994^Carlock,Robert H.^Carlock,Robert H. (1994):The Hashknife: The Early Days of the Aztec Land and Cattle Company, Limited. Westernlore Press, Tucson, Arizona. 387 pages.^"The Hashknife, that much-fabled brand in Arizona history, belonged to a company that few have known and even fewer remember, the Aztec Land And Cattle Company, Limited. Organized in late 1884, Aztec purchased one million acres in northern Arizona from the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad, bought more than 30,000 head of Texas cattle, and began one of the largest cattle operations in Arizona history. The Hashknife brand came with the cattle, and the cowboys who rode for the new Hashknife outfit became the arch villains of Mormon diaries and the hard-bitten desperadoes of western pulp writers. They were cast as men two steps ahead of the sheriff, men who fanned the flames of the Pleasant Valley War. The brand and the men who worked for it became the stuff of legends, and the true story of the Hashknife and of Aztec became lost in the fog of forgotten History."^Cattle, Land Use, Railroads, Ranching^book^:
^1994^Ciolek-Torrello, Richard;Shelly, S. D.;Benaron, S.^Ciolek-Torrello, Richard, S.D. Shelly & S. Benaron (Eds.) (1994): The Roosevelt Rural Sites Study - Prehistoric Rural Settlements in the Tonto Basin. (Statistical Research Technical Series, No. 28.) University of Arizona, Tucson. 1268 Pages.^^Archaeology, Roosevelt Dam, Salt River, Tonto National Forest^book^:
^1994^Davis, Owen K.^Davis, Owen K. (1994): Pollen Analysis of Borderland Cienegas. Contract No. HQ/AZ-920815-1; Report submitted to Richard P. Young, The Nature Conservancy, Arizona Field Office, 300 E. University Blvd., Suite 230, Tucson, Arizona 85704; 105 Pages.^^Pollen, Wetlands^other^:
^1994^Davis, Owen K.^Davis, Owen K. (1994): The Correlation of Summer Precipitation in the Southwestern U.S.A. With Isotopic Records of Solar Activity During the Medieval Warm Period. Climatic Change (March), 271-287.^Decreased solar activity correlates with positive cosmogenic isotope anomalies, and with cool, wet climate in temperate regions of the world. The relationship of isotope anomalies to climate may be the opposite for areas influenced by monsoonal precipitation, i.e., negative anomalies may be wet and warm. Petersen ... has found evidence for increased summer precipitation in the American Southwest that can be shown to be coincident with negative Carbon 14 anomalies during the Medieval Warm Period. The present study compares palynological indicators of lake level for the Southwest with Petersen's data and with the Carbon 14 isotope Chronology...^Climate, Precipitation^article^:
^1994^Hanchett,Jr,Leland.^Hanchett,Jr,Leland. (1994):Arizona's Graham-Tewkesbury Feud. Pine Rim Publishing Company, Phoenix.^^Cattle, Colorado Plateau, Little Colorado River, Ranching, Sheep, Warfare^book^:
^1994^Harbour, Tom;Bushner, Greg;McCraw, Tricia;Carr, Tom^Harbour, Tom, Greg Bushner, Tricia McCraw & Tom Carr (1994): Arizona Riparian Protection Program Legislative Report. Arizona Department of Water Resources, Phoenix.^"On July 10, 1992, the Governor of Arizona signed an act into law providing for the collection of scientific and economic data to study the protection of riparian ecosystems throughout the State. The act calls for a study of specific impacts to riparian communities, bringing to the forefront an increasing awareness and commitment to riparian protection. As we seek to protect riparian vegetation communities from increased demands on both surface water and groundwater supplies, many inter-related issues must be addressed. These issues range from the development of new water supplies for growing communities and the impact this growth will have on the nearby riparian areas, to the need for conjunctive management of surface water and groundwater resources in recognition of hydraulically interconnected stream-aquifer systems. Projected future groundwater demands must be analyzed considering current impacts to hydrologic systems as riparian areas are intextricably tied to these systems. In order to effectively address these and other concerns it is necessary to collect valid scientific data on which to base credible and effective management programs whether regulatory or Non-regulatory."^Groundwater, Human Impact, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Surface Water, Verde River, Water Supply^book^:
^1994^Hooke, Janet M.^Hooke, Janet M. (1994): Hydrological Analyses of Flow Variation of the Gila River in the Safford Valley, Southeast Arizona. Physical Geography 15(3)(May), 262.^^Gila River, Hydrology, Safford, Streamflow^article^:
^1994^Kulakowski, Lois;Tellman, Barbara^Kulakowski, Lois & Barbara Tellman (1994): Instream Flow Rights: A Strategy to Protect Arizona's Streams. Water Resources Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson. 27 Pages.^^Streamflow, Water Law^book^:
^1994^MacLeish, William H.^MacLeish, William H. (1994): The Day Before America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.^"History and prehistory come alive in this extraordinary account of America as it was before it got its name. William H. MacLeish paints a heart-rending portrait of the lush, miraculous New World on the eve of the Encounter -the arrival of the first Europeans, after which nothing would be the same. Drawing on the work of anthropologists, geologists, and other academic experts, MacLeish roams over 18, 000 years of the continent's history, exploring the role of cllimate and human activity in preapring the world that we have inherited." [from jacket Sleeve]^Environmental Change, History, Human Impact, Indians^book^:
^1994^McCool,Daniel^McCool,Daniel (1994):Command of the Waters: Iron Triangles, Federal Water Development, and Indian Water. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson & London. 321 Pages.^^Indians, Water Law, Water Management^book^:
^1994^Ohmart, Robert D.^Ohmart, Robert D (1994): The Effects of Human-Induced Changes on the Avifauna of Western Riparian Habitats. In: Proceedings of an International Symposium at the Centennial Meetings of the Cooper Ornithological Society, Sacramento, California: A Century of Avifaunal Change in Western North America. Studies in Avian Biology 15 ed. (Eds: Jehl, J.R. & N.K Johnson.) Cooper Ornithological Society, 273-285. (Proceedings of an International Symposium at the Centennial Meetings of the Cooper Ornithological Society, Sacramento, California; A Century of Avifaunal Change in Western North America; Jehl, J. R., Johnson, N. K., 273-285; Studies in Avian Biology No. 15)^^Birds, Human Impact, Riparian Areas, Species Decline^chapter^:
^1994^Patten, Duncan T.^Patten, Duncan T. (1994): Determination of Interim Flows From Glen Canyon Dam to Protect Downstream Ecosystems in the Grand Canyon. Unpublished Manuscript from the Center for Environmental Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe.^Construction of Glen Canyon Dam created controlled discharges that caused changes in the downstream ecosystem. In 1991 interim operations (interim flows) were established to prevent continued downstream degradation during the period in which an EIS was being prepared on alternative dam operations. Interim flows were recommended by the Commissioner of the Bureau of Reclamation primarily based on scientific input. The expert opinion about the response of the canyon riverine attributes to various discharge parameters including sedmiment, biology, recreation and cultural Resources.^Colorado River, Ecosystems, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon, Human Impact^other^:
^1994^Santiago, Dawn Moore^Santiago, Dawn Moore (1994): Charles H. Bayless: Educator, Cattleman, Businessman, and Banker. Journal of Arizona History 35(3, Autumn), 267-300.^^Biography, Grazing, San Pedro River^article^:
^1994^Stuebner, Stephen^Stuebner, Stephen (1994): Bullish on Beavers. National Wildlife (April/May), 24-27.^^Beaver^article^:
^1994^Teal,Louise^Teal,Louise (1994):Breaking Into the Current. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson and London. 178 Pages.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon^book^:
^1994^Tellman, Barbara^Tellman, Barbara (1994): My Well v. Your Surface Water Rights: How Western States Manage Interconnected Groundwater and Surface Water. Water Resources Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson. 77 Pages.^^Water Law^book^:
^1994^Tweit, R. M.;Finch D. M.^Tweit, R.M. & D. M. Finch (1994): Aberts Towhee (Pipilo aberti). In: The Birds of North America. Vol. III. (Eds: Pode, A. & F. Gill) Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, Washington, D. C.^^Birds^chapter^:
^1994^Wirt, Laurie^Wirt, Laurie (1994): Radioactivity in the Environ-ment - A Case Study of the Puerco and Little Colo-rado River Basins, Arizona and New Mexico. (Water-Resources Investigations Report, 94-4192.) U.S. Geological Survey, Tucson, Arizona. 23 pages.^"Many areas throughout the United States are known to have high amounts of natural radioactivity in rock, in streams and the sediment in streams, and ground water. The Colorado Plateau of Arizona and New Mexico has higher than average levels of radioacitivity from natural sources, and this region contains more than half of all uranium mineral reserves in the Nation."^Little Colorado River, Mining, Rio Puerco, Water Quality^book^:
^1993^Alcock,John^Alcock,John (1993):The Masked Bobwhite Rides Again. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson & London. 186 Pages.^^Endangered Species, Human Impact, Sonoran Desert, Wildlife^book^:
^1993^Arizona Department of Environmental Quality^Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (1993): Evaluation of Activities Occurring in Riparian Areas. Nonpoint Source Unit, Water Assessment Section, Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Phoenix.^^Riparian Areas, Water Quality^book^:
^1993^Ayres, James E.^Ayres, James E. (1993): Life on a 1930s Homestead: Historical Archaeological Investigations of the Brown Homestead on the Middle Agua Fria River, Yavapai County, Arizona. (SWCA Anthropological Research Paper, No. 2.) SWCA, Inc., Flagstaff & Tucson.^^Agua Fria River, Anglos, Archaeology, Ranching^book^:
^1993^Bahre, Conrad J.;Shelton, M. L.^Bahre, Conrad J. & Shelton, M.L. (1993): Historic Vegetation Change, Mesquite Increases, and Climate in Southeastern Arizona. Journal of Biogeography 20, 209-224.^^Climate, Fire, Grazing, Mesquite Trees, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1993^Bock, C. E.;Bock, J. H.^Bock, C.E. & J.H. Bock (1993): Cover of Peren-nial Grasses in Southeastern Arizona in Relation to Livestock Grazing. Conservation Biology: The Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology 7, 371-377.^The tolerance of the grasslands studied to the activities of livestock is Discussed.^Grasses, Grazing^article^:
^1993^Busch, D. E.;Smith, S. D.^Busch, D.E. & S.D. Smith (1993): Effects of Fire on Water and Salinity Relations of Riparian Woody Taxa. Oecologia 94, 186-194.^^Fire, Forests/woodlands, Riparian Areas, Water Quality^article^:
^1993^Crosby, Jr, Alfred W.^Crosby, Jr., Alfred W. (1993): Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900. 1986 ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.^European emigrants and their descendants are all over the place, which requires explanation. It is more difficult to account for the distribution of this subdivision of the human species than that of any other. The locations of the others make an obvious kind of sense. All but a relatively few of the members of the many varieties of Asians live in Asia. Black Africans live on three continents, but most of them are concentrated in their original latitudes, the tropics, facing each other across one ocean. Amerindians, with few exceptions, live in the Americas, and nearly every last Astralian Aborigine dwells in Australia. Eskimos live in the circumpolar lands, and Melanesians, Polynesians, and Micronesians are scattered through the islands of only one ocean, albeit a large one. All these peoples have expanded geographically - have committed acts of imperialism, if you will - but they have expanded into lands adjacent to or at least near to those in which they had already been living, or, in the case of the Pacific peoples, to the next island and then to the next after that, however many kilometers of water might lie between. Europeans, in contrast, seem to have leapfrogged around the Globe.^Disease, Environmental Change, Ethnoecology, Exotic Species, Human Impact^book^:
^1993^Davis, Bill^Davis, Bill (1993): Rio Salado: A River Runs Through It. Tempe Daily News Tribune (April 25-26).^A series of articles in the Tempe Daily News Tribune discussing the Salt River and the 'Rio Salado Project'.^Restoration, Salt River, Tempe, Urbanization^article^:
^1993^Davis, Judith C.^Davis, Judith C. (1993): The Hydrology and Plant Communities of Canelo Hills Cienega, an Emergent Wetland in Southeast Arizona. Microfiche at U. of A. Library 1993.^^Canelo Hills, Cochise County, Ecosystems, Hydrology, Vegetation, Wetlands^other^:
^1993^Finley, James P.^Finley, James P (1993): Huachuca Illustrated. Huachuca Historical Society, Fort Huachuca.^^Fort Huachuca, History, Military, San Pedro River, Sierra Vista^book^:
^1993^Fredlake, Mark;Gerhart, Richard;Krueper, Dave^Fredlake, Mark, Richard Gerhart & Dave Krueper (1993): San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area Habitat Management Plan. Bureau of Land Management (Safford District) and Arizona Game and Fish Department (Region V), Safford, Arizona.^(Chapters:)Riparian Obligate Bird Habitat; Aquatic Habitat Improvement; Restoration of Native Floodplain Habitat; Special Status Raptors; Re-establishment of Extirpated Species; Wildlife Water Development; Wetland Improvement.^Beaver, Refuges/preserves, Restoration, San Pedro River^book^:
^1993^Garbani, James H.^Garbani, James H. (1993): Arizona Mines and Mining Companies, 1854-1954. Sunrise Graphics, Tucson.^^Mining, Surveys^book^:
^1993^Greenwald, David H.^Greenwald, David H. (Ed.) (1993): Early Desert Farming and Irrigation Settlements: Archaeological Investigations in the Phoenix Sky Harbor Center. (SWCA Archaeological Report, No. 93-17.) SWCA, Flagstaff, Arizona.^^Agriculture, Archaeology, Hohokam, Irrigation, Phoenix^book^:
^1993^Hadley, Diana;Ahlstrom, Richard V. N.;Mills, Scott^Hadley, Diana, Richard V.N. Ahlstrom & Scott Mills (1993): El Rio Bonito: An Ethnoecological Study of the Bonita Creek Watershed, Southeastern Arizona. (Cultural Resource Series, No. 8.) Arizona State Office of the Bureau of Land Management, Phoenix.^"Bonita Creek is a north-bank tributary of the Gila River located in eastern Arizona, to the north and northeast of the town of Safford. In its lower reaches, the creek flows through a narrow canyon where it supports a lush riparian habitat. To the careless observer, the canyon might appear to be a wilderness -- a wild land. With more thoughtful study, however, the impacts of human use and development come into prominence. Evidence of these impacts includes a graded dirt road that heads up the canyon, crossing and recrossing the stream from one terrace to antoher. Also present is a large pipe that hangs from the cliff on one side of the canyon, corrals, cattleguards, nonnative trees such as pecans and figs, and ruined cabins. In addition, many small cliff dwellings indicate that the canyon had been occupied by prehistoric farmers. Clearly, people have been living and working in the canyon for a long time. This is not a pristine wilderness, though it is a rich habitat the supports a substantial riparian woodland and varied wildlife. Who were the people that have lived here? How are we to characterize the environment that they left Behind?"^Archaeology, Bonita Creek, Ethnoecology, Gila River, History, Human Impact, Wildlife^book^:
^1993^Harshman, Celina Anne; Maddock III, Thomas^Harshman, Celina Anne; Maddock III, Thomas (1993):The Hyrdology and Riparian Restoration of the Bill Williams River Basin Near Parker, Arizona. Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson.^The examination of the Bill Williams River system requires the thorough evaluation of two factors critical to the health of the sytem: firstly, the supply of waters adequate to result in consistent baseflows of 15 - 20 cfs through the refuge, as was historically the case; and secondly, the occurrence of 'flood-event' processes which cause system modifications crucial to riparian forest health. This involves the collection and review of all available data, a detailed description of the geology of the regioh, and a quantification of the hydrologic dynamics of the area. Also necessary is a fundamental understanding of the ecology of these riparian systems to effectively incorporate constructive alterations into the system. A review of the most current scientific studies upon riparian systems detailing recruitment mechanisms and relevant environmental factors will be presented, and the results incorporated into a preliminary management plan for the Refuge.^Bill Williams River, Hydrology, Refuges/preserves, Restoration^book^:
^1993^Hereford, R.^Hereford, R. (1993): Geomorphic Evolution of the San Pedro River Channel Since 1900 in the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, Southeast Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey, Tucson.^^Channel Change, Geomorphology, Refuges/preserves, San Pedro River^book^:
^1993^Hereford,Richard^Hereford,Richard (1993):Entrenchment and Widening of the Upper San Pedro River, Arizona. Geological Society of America Special Paper 282, 46 p., 42 Figs.^^Channel Change, San Pedro River^other^:
^1993^Hereford,Richard; Fairley,H. C.; Thompson,K. S.; Balsom,J. R.^Hereford,Richard; Fairley,H. C.; Thompson,K. S.; Balsom,J. R. (1993):Surficial Geology, Geomorphology, and Erosion of Archeologic Sites Along the Colorado River, Eastern Grand Canyon, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-157, 46 p., 23 figs., 4 tables, 4 Plates.^^Archaeology, Colorado River, Erosion, Geology, Geomorphology, Grand Canyon^other^:
^1993^Hunt,Bobbie S.^Hunt,Bobbie S. (1993):It Is Not Often. Pine Graphics, Overdard, Arizona.^^Holbrook, Little Colorado River, Ranching^book^:
^1993^Jordan,Terry G.^Jordan,Terry G. (1993):North American Cattle-Ranching Frontiers: Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 439 pages.^"Although the era of open-range cattle ranching on the Great Plains lasted only briefly, from the end of the Civil War through the mid-1880s, that moment in time has bred a stunning number of memoirs, scholarly studies, and fictional accounts. Over and over again, via cinema, story, and song, Americans and aficionados of American culture around the world have taken imaginary journeys on long, heroic cattle drives, pushing doggies north from Texas over dusty, dangerous, unfenced trails to boisterous towns along the railhead in Kansas. At the same time, scholars have studied the catle business - from its financing to its symbolism, from its Iberian origins to individual ranches, ranchers, and ranching techniques. Now, in his original and erudite North American Cattle-Ranching Frontiers, Terry Jordan has recast this highly familiar and much-studies subject. He has done so, in part, by leaving the North American West behind, crossing the Atlantic, and seeking the origins of western ranching in Europe and Africa."^Cattle, Ranching^book^:
^1993^Mayden, R. L.^Mayden, R.L. (1993): Systematics, Historical Ecology, and North American Freshwater Fishes. Stanford University, Stanford, California. 1000 Pages.^^Fish, Paleobotany, Paleoecology^book^:
^1993^Minckley, W. L.;Deacon, J. E.^Minckley, W.L. & James E. Deacon (1993): Battle Against Extinction: Native Fish Management in the American West. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Extinctions/extirpations, Fish^book^:
^1993^Montoya, Pia; Gustaveson, Angela (Eds.)^Montoya, Pia; Gustaveson, Angela (Eds.) (1993):Arizona Statistical Abstract, 1993: Data Handbook. Economic and Business Research Program, Office of Community Affairs, Karl Eller Graduate School of Management, College of Business and Public Administration, The University of Arizona, Tucson. 613 pages.^The 1993 edition of the Arizona Statistical Abstract is a comprehensive, concise, and readily usable reference source of statistics pertaining to the state of Arizona and its political Subdivisions.^Agriculture, Handbook/field Guide, Mining, Water Supply^book^:
^1993^Myers, Louis H.^Myers, Louis H. (1993): Riparian Change on Tonto Creek, Arizona, a Social and Resource Dilemma. In: Symposium on Vegetation Management of Hot Desert Rangeland Ecosystems. (Ed: Young, Deborah D.) Arizona Section Society for Range Management, Phoenix, 311-315.^^Environmental Change, Geomorphology, Riparian Areas, Tonto Creek^chapter^:
^1993^Nu¤ez, Austin;Wallace, Mary G.^Nu¤ez, Austin & Mary G. Wallace (1993): Solutions or Symbols? An Indian Perspective on Water Settlements. In: Indian Water in the New West. (Eds: McGuirre, Thomas R., William B. Lord & Mary G. Wallace) The University of Arizona Press, Tucson & London, 35-53.^"Indian water rights represent a new and often competing demand for water in the West. These rights are a largeley unquantified block of water that must be woven into the framework of western water law. However, in many areas of the West, water is fully appropriated, raising the specter of displacing non-Indian water users to meet Indian needs. One way to avoid this reallocation of water and to fulfill the claims of an Indian tribe is to negotiate a settlement among the water users in an area. This approach is being pursued as an alternative to litigation throughout the West."^Indians, Water Supply^chapter^:
^1993^Ohmart, Robert D.;Zisner, Cindy D.^Ohmart, Robert D & Cindy D. Zisner (1993): Functions and Values of Riparian Habitat to Wildlife in Arizona: A Literature Review. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona.^^Bibliography, Riparian Areas, Wildlife^book^:
^1993^Parker, John T. C.^Parker, John T.C. (1993): Channel Change on the Santa Cruz River, Pima County, Arizona, 1936-1986. U.S. Geological Survey, Tucson, Arizona. (U.S.^The Santa Cruz River, an ephemeral river that drains 8, 581 square miles in southeastern Arizona, has a long history of channel isntability. Since the late 19th century, lateral channel erosion has caused extensive property damage, particularly in Pima County. During the flood of 1983, about $100 million damage was caused in the Tucson area alone; most damage resulted from bank erosion on the Santa Cruz River and its tributaries. Aerial photographs; interpretations of field observations; and published and unpublished geomorphic, topographic, geotechnical, and historical data were used to investigate channel change from 1936 through 1986 along a 70-mile reach of the Santa Cruz River in Pima County, Arizona. The nature, magnitude, location, and frequency of channel change on the Santa Cruz River have been highly variable in time and space. Three mechanisms of lateral channel change - meander migration, avulsion and meander cutoff, and channel widening - were identified on the Santa Cruz River. The dominant mechanism in a reach depends on channel morphology and flood magnitude. The dominante vertical change has been degradation, although alternating periods of aggradation and degradation have occurred at some sites. Vertical and lateral channel-change mechanisms operate in concert with bank-retreat mechanisms to produce widening of entrenched channel systems known as arroyos. The timing and magnitude of channel change at a particular location are controlled primarily by hydrologic and climatic factors such as magnitude, duration, intensity, and frequency of precipitation and floods. The location of channel change and its magnitude in response to a given discharge are controlled largely by topographic, geologic, hydraulic, and artificial factors. Although much of the present morphology of the Santa Cruz river is the result of recent large floods, a direct link between hydroclimatic conditions and channel change is not always evident because of the complicating effects of other controls. Although an appropriate model^Channel Change, Erosion, Floods, Geomorphology, Human Impact, Pima County, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1993^Reisner, Mark^Reisner, Mark (1993): Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water. 2nd ed. Penguin Books, New York City. 582 Pages.^^Canals, Colorado River, Dams, Gila River, Water Supply^book^:
^1993^Richter, Holly E.^Richter, Holly E. (1993): Development of a Conceptual Model for Floodplain Restoration in a Desert Riparian System. Arid Lands Newsletter 32, 13-17.^^Floodplain, Restoration, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1993^Rinne, J. N.^Rinne, J.N. (1993): A Wildlife Viewpoint-Southwestern Riparian-Stream Areas: Habitats for Fishes. In: Riparian Management: Common Threads and Shared Interests, Proceedings of the Symposium. (Eds: Tellman, Barbara, Hanna J. Cortner., Mary G. Wallace, Leonard F. DeBano & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-226.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 46-51.^The purpose of this paper was to describe the components of riparian-stream areas and their importance as habitats from the viewpoint of fishes, and the nature of change in aquatic habitats on Fishes.^Ecosystems, Fish, Habitat, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1993^Rowlands, Peter G.; Riper III, Charles van; Sogge, Mark K. (Eds.)^Rowlands, Peter G.; Riper III, Charles van; Sogge, Mark K. (Eds.) (1993):Proceedings of the First Biennial Conference on Research in Colorado Plateau National Parks. (Transactions and Proceedings Series, NPS/NRNAU/NRTP-93/10.) National Park Service, Cooperative Park Studies Unit, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. 250 pages.^The papers in this volume are contributions from scientists, stuidents, and resource managers. The focus of their studies is on the inventory and monitoring of the natural resources of National Park Service areas on the Coloardo Plateau. Support for these studies came from the authors; from individual parks; from universities; and from the Rocky Mountain, Southwestern, and Western regional offices and from Washington Office programs fo the National Park Service. The rich variety of the 46 presentations given at the conference and the 19 papers included here reflects the diversity of science in and adjacent to National Park Service units on the Colorado Plateau. I applaud the efforst of the contributors. With modest funding and a broad base of public and institutional support, they have pursued important lines of work in and about the many national parks and monuments in this important biogeographic region. . . ." [Dennis B. Fenn, National Park Service Dep. Assoc. Director, Natural Resources - from the Foreword]^Anthology/proceedings, Colorado Plateau^book^:
^1993^Stromberg, Juliet C.^Stromberg, Juliet C. (1993): Instream Flow Models for Mixed Deciduous Riparian Vegetation Within a Semiarid Region. Regulated Rivers-Research and Management 8, 225-235.^^Riparian Areas, Streamflow^article^:
^1993^Stromberg, Juliet C.^Stromberg, Juliet C. (1993): Fremont Cottonwood-Goodding Willow Riparian Forests: A Review of Their Ecology, Threats, and Recovery Potential. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 27, 97-110.^^Cottonwood-willow Forests, Ecology, Human Impact, Restoration, Vegetation^article^:
^1993^Stromberg, Juliet C.^Stromberg, Juliet C. (1993): Riparian Mesquite Forests: A Review of Their Ecology, Threats, and Recovery Potential. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 27, 111-124.^^Ecology, Mesquite Trees, Restoration, Riparian Areas, Vegetation^article^:
^1993^Stromberg, Juliet C.;Richter, Brian D.;Patten, Duncan T.;Wolden, L. G.^Stromberg, Juliet C., Brian D. Richter, Duncan T. Patten & L.G. Wolden (1993): Response of a Sonoran Riparian Forest to a 10-Year Return Flood. Great Basin Naturalist 53(2), 118-130.^^Floods, Hassayampa River, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1993^Swetnam, T. W.^Swetnam, Thomas W. (1993): Temporal Patterns of El Nino/Southern Oscillation-Wildfire Teleconnections in the Southwestern United States. In: El Nino: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation. (Eds: Diaz, Henry F. & Vera Markgraf) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 476.^^Climate, Fire, Precipitation^chapter^:
^1993^Tremble, M.^Tremble, M. (1993): The Little Colorado River. RM-226 ed. U.S. Forest Service, Fort Collins.^^Description, Ecology, Little Colorado River^book^:
^1993^Valencia, R. A.;Wennerlund, J. F.;Winstead, R. A.;Woods, S.;Riley, L.;Swanson, E.^Valencia, R.A., J.F. Wennerlund, R.A. Winstead, S. Woods, L. Riley & E. Swanson (1993): Arizona Riparian Inventory and Mapping Project. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona, Usa.^^Maps, Perennial Streams, Riparian Areas, Surveys, Vegetation^book^:
^1993^Wallace, Robie^Wallace, Robie (1993): A Bibliography of References to the Historical Status of the Flora and Fauna of the Southwest. The Nature Conservancy, New Mexico Field Office, unpublished, Santa Fe, N.M.^This bibliography contains over 1200 citations relating to the historical status of the flora and fauna of the Southwest. The purpose of this compilation is to publicize major references which are likely to provide managers and researchers with historical information that is helpful in solving present-day problems. This bibliography will also be a substantial starting place for a search of historical information regarding a species or Community.^Bibliography, Flora, History, Vegetation, Wildlife^book^:
^1993^Whiting, Alred F.^Whiting, Alred F. (1993): Born a Chief: The Nineteenth Century Hopi Boyhood of Edmund Nequatewa. (Series Ed: Seaman, P.David.) University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.^This is the true story of the boyhood of a Hopi Indian during the latter part of the nineteenth century. Edmund Nequatewa was born around 1880 in a remote Second Mesa village on the Hopi reservation in northern Arizona. For the historical reasons recounted in Chapter 2, Edmund was automatically in line to be chief of a Hopi society. This brought added responsibility to the young boy, but also family and community jealousy and various attempts either to aid or thwart his Destiny.^Biography, Hopi Indians^book^:
^1993^Young, Deborah D.^Young, Deborah D. (Ed.) (1993): Symposium on Vegetation Management of Hot Desert Rangeland Ecosystems. Arizona Section, Society for Range Management, Phoenix.^^Anthology/proceedings, Grasslands, Grazing, Sonoran Desert, Vegetation^book^:
^1993^Yuncevich, Greg^Yuncevich, Greg (1993): The San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area. In: Riparian Management: Common Threads and Shared Interests. (A Western Regional Conference on River Management Strategies) (Eds: Tellman, Barbara, Hanna J. Cortner., Mary G. Wallace, Leonard F. DeBano & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-226.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 369-372. (Proceedings of the Symposium, 4-6 February, 1993, Albuquerque, New Mexico)^^Description, San Pedro River^chapter^:
^1992^Averett, Robert C.;Taylore, Howard E.^Averett, Robert C. & Howard E. Taylore (1992): Biological Water Quality in the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon, Arizona abstract. North American Benthological Society Bulletin 9(1), 101.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Water Quality^article^:
^1992^Ayer, H.^Ayer, H. (1992): Free Trade Agreement: Implications for Agriculture and Natural Resources; Ecology and Management of Oak and Associated Woodlands: Perspectives in the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico. In: Ecology and Management of Oak and Associated Woodlands: Perspectives in the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico. (Eds: Ffolliott, Peter F., D.A. Gottfried, D.A. Bennet, V.M. Hernandez, A. Ortega-Rubio & Robert Hamre) USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-218, Fort Collins, 5-16.^Possible impacts and relative advantages of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) to the U.S.A. and Mexico are Discussed.^Agriculture, Ecology, Forests/woodlands, Government, Oaks, U.s.-mexico Border^chapter^:
^1992^Ball,Eve^Ball,Eve (1992):In the Days of Victorio: Recollections of a Warm Springs Apache. 7th ed. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson & London. 222 pages.^"We owe a debt of gratitude to Eve Ball for her history of the Warm Springs Apaches, as recalled by sons and daughters of the leaders of those Indians and narrated by James Kaywaykla. Eve's story is proof that she was king and sympathetic and patient with the people who gave her the Indian version of occurrences pertaining to their tribe. An Indian does not tell every white man he meets the stories of his People."^Apaches, Indians^book^:
^1992^Bills, Debra T.;Brown, Bryan T.^Bills, Debra T. & Bryan T. Brown (1992): Southwestern Willow Flycatcher. Colorado Rivers Studies Newsletter (U.S. Bureau of Reclamation), 4:12.^^Birds, Colorado River, Endangered Species^other^:
^1992^Blinn, D. W.;Stevens, Lawrence E.;Shannon, Joseph P.^Blinn, D.W., Lawrence E. Stevens & Joseph P. Shannon (1992): The Effects of Glen Canyon Dam on the Aquatic Food Base in the Colorado River Corridor in Grand Canyon, Arizona. U.S. National Park Service, NPS Cooperative Agreement no. Ca-8009-8-0002.^^Aquatic Biota, Colorado River, Environmental Change, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon, Habitat^other^:
^1992^Bohrer, V. L.^Bohrer, V.L. (1992): New Life From Ashes II: A Tale of Burnt Brush. Desert Plants 10, 122-125.^^Fire, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1992^Brown, Bryan T.;Mills, G. Scott;Glinski, Richard L.;Hoffman, Stephen W.^Brown, Bryan T., Scott G. Mills, Richard L. Glinski & Stephen W. Hoffman (1992): Density of Nesting Peregrine Falcons in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. The Southwestern Naturalist 37(2), 188-193.^^Birds, Colorado River, Endangered Species, Grand Canyon^article^:
^1992^Busch, S. E.;Ingraham, N. L.;Smith, S. S.^Busch, S.E., N.L. Ingraham & S.S. Smith (1992): Water Uptake in Woody Riparian Phreatophytes of the Southwestern U.S.: A Stable Isotope Study. Ecological Applications 2, 450-459.^^Evapotranspiration, Phreatophytes^article^:
^1992^D'Antonio,Carla M.; Vitousek,Peter M.^D'Antonio,Carla M.; Vitousek,Peter M. (1992):Biological Invasions by Exotic Grasses, the Grass/Fire Cycle, and Global Change. Annual Review of Ecological Systems 23, 63-87.^"Biological invasions into wholly new regions are a consequence of a far reaching but underappreciated component of global environmental change, the human-caused breakdown of biogeographic barriers to species dispersal. Human activity moves species from place to place both accidentally and delibertely - and it does so at rates that are without precedent in the last tens of millions of years. As a result, taxa that evolved in isolation from each other are being forced into contact in an instant of evolutionary Time."^Climate, Environmental Change, Exotic Species^article^:
^1992^Davis, Owen K.;Shafer, David S.^Davis, Owen K. & David S. Shafer (1992): A Holocene Climatic Record for the Sonoran Desert From Pollen Analysis of Montezuma Well, Arizona, USA. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Pelaeoecology 92, 107-119.^Pollen and macrofossil analyses of a radiocarbon-dated core, 1125 m, Yavapai County, Arizona, provide a record of summer precipitation similar to that of other monsoonal regions of the world. Precipitation was least from 4000 to 5000 yr B.P., and generally was greater than today before 8400 yr B.P. During the early-Holocene moist period, oak and grass pollen are abundant, and the best modern analogs are within the Arizona Monsoon bounday, so increased summer precipitation is indicated. Climatic parameters are estimated with the technique of best modern analogs for fossil samples. Temperature was highest ca. 3400 and 5700 yr B.P., and generally was cooler than today before 6800 yr B.P. Brief cold intervals in the Holocene match periods of global cooling and of positive Carbon 14 and Be 10 Anomalies.^Climate, Paleobotany, Pollen, Precipitation, Yavapai County^article^:
^1992^DeMaris, B. D.^DeMaris, B.D. (1992): The Native Population of the Americas in 1492. University of Wisconsin, Madison.^^Indians, Population^book^:
^1992^Durham,Clarence W.^Durham,Clarence W. (1992):The Hashknife Kid. Privately Published, USA. 337 pages.^"This is the story about the author's granddad, Walter W. Durham, who was born a few years following the end of the American Civil War. His youth was marked by the uncertainties of a nation recovering from a divisive contest fought to 'Save the Union.' Walter's early years were influenced by the mistrust, and sometimes open animosity, that lingered in the countries poulance after the conflict. This was especially true in Texas, where many events described in this book took place. After the war Texas was a mix of north and south, but somehow it retained a society with a flavor of its Own."^History, Ranching^book^:
^1992^Eden, Susanna;Wallace, Mary G.^Eden, Susanna & Mary G. Wallace (1992): Arizona Water: Information and Issues. (Issue Paper, 11.) Water Resources Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson. 56 pages.^"This issue paper is intended to present the important elements of water resource management in Arizona. It describes where the state's water supplies come from, how they are used, and how they are managed. In addition, the publication discusses some of the major water policy issues challenging Arizona's water managers, planners, and policymakers as the state enters the final decade of the twentieth century. The paper is divided into two major section. The first section sets out the current water situation. It describes the laws governing water use in Arizona and the organizations, agencies, and institutions that implement those laws. This section also provides estimates of water supply from the state's various sources and water use by its many water users. [...] The second section of this paper contains information about some of the most important water policy issues Arizonans must face. These discussions provide a history, description of current activities, and analysis of some of the major questions associated with each Issue."^Water Management^book^:
^1992^Euler, Robert C.^Euler, Robert C. (1992): Grand Canyon Indians. In: The Grand Canyon: Intimate Views. (Eds: Euler, Robert C. & Frank Tikalsky) University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 42-59.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Havasupai^chapter^:
^1992^Fraser, Clayton B.;Jackson, Donald C.^Fraser, Clayton B. & Donald C. Jackson (1992): Three Dams in Central Arizona: a Study in Technological Diversity. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix. 50 Pages.^^Construction, Dams, Horseshoe Dam, Photos/art, Roosevelt Dam, Salt River, Stewart Mountain Dam, Verde River^book^:
^1992^Garcia, Masario;Historical Society of New Mexico^Garcia, Masario & Historical Society of New Mexico (1992): Abuelitos - Stories of the Rio Puerco Valley. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 310 Pages.^^History, New Mexico, Rio Puerco, Settlement, Spanish^book^:
^1992^Glenn, Edward P.;Felger, Richard S.;Burquez, Alberto;Turner, Dale S.^Glenn, Edward P., Richard S. Felger, Alberto Burquez & Dale S. Turner (1992): Cienega de Santa Clara: Endangered Wetland in the Colorado River Delta, Sonora, Mexico. Natural Resources Journal 32(Fall), 817-824.^"The Cienega de Santa Clara, a little-known, 20, 000 hectare brackish wetland area in the delta of the Colorado River in Sonora, Mexico, is udergoing alterations due to operation of the Yuma Desalting Plant in the United States. This is the largest remaining wetland in the delta region, containing rare and endangered species including Desert Pupfish and Yuma Clapper Rail, yet no official consideration has been given to the effect of the altered conditions on the wetland flora and fauna. Here we describe the present status of the wetland and raise questions on the future of the area when the desalting plant reaches full Capacity."^Birds, Canals, Colorado River Delta, Endangered Species, Flora, Mexico, Wetlands^article^:
^1992^Gumerman,George J.^Gumerman,George J. (1992):A View From Black Mesa: The Changing Face of Archaeology. 2nd ed. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson & London. 184 pages.^"Southwestern archaeology, indeed, archaeology throughout the United States, is changing at a colossal rate. Advances in technique, increases in the amount of work undertaken, and the resulting accelerated pace of discovery have been widely publicized. Less well known is the changing sociology of modern archaeology - who does the work, why, how, and the effect personality has on the results of archaeological projects. This book attempts to elucidate not only the method and theory of contemporary archaeology, and its historical antecedents, but the sociology of archaeology as Well."^Archaeology, Colorado River, Little Colorado River^book^:
^1992^Hackbarth, Mark R.^Hackbarth, Mark R. (1992): Prehistoric and Historic Occupation of the Lower Verde River Valley: The State Route 87 Verde Bridge Project. Northland Research, Inc. (Flagstaff, Arizona), Phoenix.^See chapter 23, pages 489-501. "The previous chapters have examined various aspects of the historic occupation of the lower Verde River Valley. In this chapter, the data presented in these chapters are summarized, and a synthesis of this information is presented. This synthesis is organized according to two major topics: settlement and irrigation; and within these topical areas, discussions are presented according to the research domains that were discussed in the first chapter of this section. Understandably, the results of our investigations of the schoolhouse and historic habitation are emphasized in the discussions of settlement, whereas those of the Velasco Ditch bear most directly on the topic of Irrigation."^Archaeology, Indians, Surveys, Verde River^book^:
^1992^Harrington, M. G.;Sackett, S. S.^Harrington, M.G. & S.S. Sackett (1992): Past and Present Fire Influences on Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Old Growth. In: Old-Growth Forests in the Southwest and Rocky Mountain Ranges: Proceedings of a Workshop. USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ft. Collins, Colorado, 44-50.^^Anthology/proceedings, Fire, Logging, Mountains^chapter^:
^1992^Haury, Emil W.;Reid, J. Jefferson;Doyel, David E.^Haury, Emil W., J. Jefferson Reid & David E. Doyel (1992 (2nd printing)): Prehistory of the American Southwest. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Archaeology, Indians^book^:
^1992^Hereford,R.^Hereford,R. (1992):Geomorphic Evolution of the San Pedro River Channel Since 1900 in the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, Southeast Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-517, 46 p. 23 figs., 4 tables, 4 Plates.^^Channel Change, Geomorphology, Refuges/preserves, San Pedro River^other^:
^1992^Hereford,Richard; Webb,R. H.^Hereford,Richard; Webb,R. H. (1992):Historic Variation of Warm-Season Rainfall, Southern Colorado Plateau, Southwestern U.S.A. Climatic Change 23, 239-256.^^Climate, Colorado Plateau, Geology, Precipitation^article^:
^1992^Huckleberry, Gary^Huckleberry, Gary (1992): Soil Evidence of Hohokam Irrigation in the Salt River Valley, Arizona. The Kiva 57(3), 237-249.^"Hohokam irrigation in the Salt River Valley modified the chemical and physical properties of soils. Of these modifications, the accumulation of silts and clays at the surface is most resistant to post-depositional processes. Surprisingly, evidence for prehistoric, irrigation-affected soils in the Salt River Valley is not well-documented. The apparent paucity of prehistoric irrigation signatures in mdoern soils may be due to inadequate sampling or to cumulative irrigation at most locations being insufficient to leave a persistent soil signature. A preliminary strategy for identifying prehistoric irrigation-affected soils is Suggested."^Agriculture, Hohokam, Irrigation, Salt River, Soil^article^:
^1992^Kroeber, Clifton B.;Fontana, Bernard L.^Kroeber, Clifton B. & Bernard L. Fontana (1992): Massacre on the Gila. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 230 Pages.^^Agriculture, Cocopah, Colorado River, Gila River, Maricopa Indians, Military, Mohave Indians, Pima Indians^book^:
^1992^Laney, R. L.^Laney, R.L. (1992): Geohydrological Reconnaissance of Lake Mead National Recreation Area: Virgin River, Nevada to Grand Cliffs, Arizona. Water Resources Report 91-4185 ed. U.S. Geological Survey. 29 Pages.^^Geohydrology, Lake Mead, Refuges/preserves, Surveys, Virgin River^book^:
^1992^Linder, Kathleen Ann^Linder, Kathleen Ann (1992): Review of Avian Communities and Impacts of Glen Canyon Dam in the Grand Canyon. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Phoenix, Arizona. 43+ Pages.^^Birds, Colorado River, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon, Human Impact^book^:
^1992^Martin,Patricia Preciado^Martin,Patricia Preciado (1992):Songs My Mother Sang to Me: An Oral History of Mexican-American Women. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson & London. 224 pages.^"Since the eighteenth century, Spanish-speaking peoples have lived off the soil in the remote canyons and valley sof Southern Arizona. In 1736 silver was discovered, but by the nineteenth century the region would be coveted for its copper. By 1910, Arizona had become 'the nation's number one producer of copper.' Equally important, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, family farms dotted the landscape. Relying on a mixed economy of livestock and subsistence crops, Mexican homesteaders created communities out of isolation. Kin and friendship networks spanned the artificial border separating Arizona from Sonora."^History, Mexico, San Pedro River^book^:
^1992^Meko, D. M.;Graybill, D. A.^Meko, D.M. & D.A. Graybill (1992): Gila River Streamflow Reconstruction. Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Dendrochronology, Gila River, Streamflow^book^:
^1992^Mercer, Jean Ann^Mercer, Jean Ann (1992): Native American Perspectives on the Grand Canyon: The Ethnohistorical Component of GCES Glen Canyon Environmental Studies. Colorado River Studies Office Newsletter (U.S. Bureau of Reclamation) 5(Spring/Summer), 1-2.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Indians^article^:
^1992^Reveal, J. L.^Reveal, J.L. (1992): Gentle Conquest: The Botanical Discovery of North America with Illustrations from the Library of Congress. Starwood Publishing Inc., Washington, D. C.^^Botany, Exploration^book^:
^1992^Rothschild, Mary L.;Hronek, Pamela C.^Rothschild, Mary L. & Hronek, Pamela C. (1992): Doing What the Day Brought: an Oral History of Arizona Women. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Anthology/proceedings, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Ranching, Settlement^book^:
^1992^Schlegel, Paul A.^Schlegel, Paul A. (1992): Southern Arizona's Early Cattle Industry. Paper presented at the Arizona Historical Society Convention (On file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^During the last quarter of the nineteenth century cattle ranches sprouted up all over Arizona. Some of the major southern Arizona cattle regions included the Santa Cruz Valley, the Santa Rita Mountains, the San Pedro Valley, and the Sulphur Springs Valley. These areas sustained some of the largest cattle operations of the territorial years. For example, the Empire Ranch, owned by Edward L. Vail, grazed 5, 000 head in the Santa Rita Mountains area. The San Pedro Valley became the location of large herds, such as the 2, 500 cattle owned by John Slaughter and the 3, 600 head belonging to the Babocomari Ranch.^Cattle, Grazing, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Sulphur Springs Valley^other^:
^1992^Shannon, Joseph P.;Blinn, Dean W.;Stevens, Lawrence E.;Macauley, Jeanette^Shannon, Joseph P., Dean W. Blinn, Lawrence E. Stevens & Jeanette Macauley (1992): The Ecology and Distribution of Benthic Algae and Associated Macroinvertebrates in the Dam-Controlled Colorado River Through Grand Canyon, Arizona abstract. North American Benthological Society Bulletin 9(1), 70-71.^^Algae, Aquatic Biota, Colorado River, Dams, Geomorphology, Grand Canyon, Invertebrates^article^:
^1992^Stegner, Wallace^Stegner, Wallace (1992): Beyond the Hundredth Meridian. Penguin Books Ltd, Penguin Books USA Inc. 438 Pages.^^Colorado River, Exploration, History, Maps^book^:
^1992^Stromberg, Juliet C.;Tress, J. A.;Wilkins, Scott D.;Clark, S.^Stromberg, Juliet C., Tress, J.A., Wilkins, Scott D. & Clark, S. (1992): Response of Velvet Mesquite to Groundwater Decline. Journal of Arid Environments 23, 45-58.^^Groundwater, Mesquite Trees, Vegetation, Water Loss^article^:
^1992^Sullivan, M. E.;Richardson, M. E.^Sullivan, M.E. & M.E. Richardson (1992): Verde River Advanced Identification, Functions and Values of the Riparian Ecosystem of the Upper Verde River and Assessment of the Adverse Impacts to these Resources. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Phoenix. 232 Pages.^^Environmental Change, Human Impact, Surveys, Verde River^book^:
^1992^Swetnam, T. W.;Christopher, H.;Caprio, A. C.;Brown, P. M.^Swetnam, Thomas W., H. Christopher, A.C. Caprio & P.M. Brown (1992): Fire and Flood History in Rhyolite Canyon, Chricahua National Monument. In: Chiricahua Mountains Research Symposium Proceedings. Southwest Parks and Monuments Association, Tucson, 46-49.^"It is reported that the most common season of fire occurrence in southern Arizona in pre-Anglo settlement times was the late spring to middle Summer."^Anthology/proceedings, Chiricahuas, Dendrochronology, Fire, Floods^chapter^:
^1992^Tellman,Barbara^Tellman,Barbara (1992):Arizona's Effluent Dominated Riparian Areas: Issues and Opportunities. (, Issue Paper No. 12.) Water Resources Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Water Quality, Water Supply^book^:
^1992^U.S. Soil Conservation Service^U.S. Soil Conservation Service (1992): Natural Resource Restoration Plan for the Brawley Wash Watershed. USDA, Soil Conservation Service, Phoenix, Arizona.^^Brawley Wash, Restoration^book^:
^1992^Webb,George^Webb,George (1992):A Pima Remembers. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson & London. 126 pages.^"First published in 1959, this little book has remained in print ever since. In addition to its many printings in the United States, it also has appealed to Europeans, as do many books about American Indians, particularly to English, Swedish, and German readers. In September 1981 a book critic of the Los Angeles Times selected it for inclusion in a list of '100 Books for the Modern Person', 'all...are works,' he wrote, 'we live with in order to understand the nation we live In.'"^History, Indians, Pima Indians^book^:
^1992^Worster, D.^Worster, D. (1992): Under Western Skies: Nature and History in the American West. Oxford University Press, New York.^^Description, History^book^:
^1992^Worster, D.^Worster, D. (1992): Rivers of Empire Water, Aridity and Growth of the American West. Oxford University, Oxford. 416 Pages.^^Agriculture, Colorado River, Urbanization, Water Supply^book^:
^1991^Arizona Department of Water Resources^Arizona Department of Water Resources (1991):Second Management Plan, 1990-2000: Tucson Active Management Area. Arizona Department of Water Resources, Phoenix. 322 Pages.^^Groundwater, Santa Cruz River, Water Supply^book^:
^1991^Arizona Rivers Coalition^Arizona Rivers Coalition (1991): Arizona Rivers: Lifeblood of the Desert. Arizona Rivers Coalition, Phoenix. 197 Pages.^^Wild & Scenic Rivers^book^:
^1991^Bahre, Conrad J.^Bahre, Conrad J. (1991): A Legacy of Change: Historic Human Impact on Vegetation in the Arizona Borderlands. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Human Impact, U.s.-mexico Border, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1991^Barrios, Frank M.^Barrios, Frank M. (1991): Santa Cruz Reservoir Project. Paper presented at the Arizona Historical Society Convention (On file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^With the completion of I-10, one can travel with relative ease and comfort between Tucson and Phoenix. Enroute we pass the community of Eloy, Arizona and can casually look to the southwest to view the distant outline of the Sawtooth Mountains, a small jagged mountain range located about 20 miles due south of Casa Grande, Arizona. Using present standards, the land surrounding the Sawtooth Mountains must be considered a fairly remote area. To the west of this range lies the Tohono O'odham Indian Reservation and to the south, raw, undeveloped desert lands. Agricultural development borders the moutain range from the north and from the east. The closest populated community is Arizona City, which lies about 9 miles north of this small mountain Range.^Dams, Santa Cruz River^other^:
^1991^Brown, Bryan T.^Brown, Bryan T. (1991): Status of Nesting Willow Flycatchers Along the Colorado River from Glen Canyon Dam to Cardenas Creek, Arizona. (Endangered Species Report, No. 20.) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Phoenix, Arizona. 34 Pages.^^Birds, Colorado River, Endangered Species, Glen Canyon Dam^book^:
^1991^Canty, J. Michael; Greeley, Micahel N. (Eds.)^Canty, J. Michael; Greeley, Micahel N. (Eds.) (1991):History of Mining in Arizona. Vol. II. Mining Club of the Southwest Foundation & American Institute of Mining Engineers, Tucson Section, Tucson. 293 Pages.^^Bill Williams River, History, Mining^book^:
^1991^Canty, J. Michael;Greeley, Michael N.^Canty, J.Michael & Michael N. Greeley (1991): History of Mining in Arizona. Mining Club of the Southwest Foundation, Tucson, Arizona. 293 Pages.^^History, Mining^book^:
^1991^Carothers, Steven W.;Brown, Bryan T.^Carothers, Steven W. & Bryan T. Brown (1991): The Colorado River Through Grand Canyon: Natural History and Human Change. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 235 pages.^This is a book about change in the natural world of the Colorado River through Grand Canyon. Changes are nothing new for this ancient river, but the present rate of change due to the recent actions of Glen Canyon Dam is unprecedented. Our purpose is to tell the story of how the natural systems of the river have adjusted to, or have persisted in spite of, the sweeping environmental alterations brought about by the dam. We have used dramatic examples from the river's interesting and well-documented history to illustrate these alterations and to speculate on those yet to come. The sum total of the recorded history of the natural condition of the river, juxtaposed against the stark post-dam changes brought to light by contemporary scientific research, makes this story one of vital Interest.^Colorado River, Environmental Change, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon, Human Impact^book^:
^1991^Clark, Roger^Clark, Roger (1991): The Colorado Plateau at the Crossroads: Plundered Province or Sustainable Bioregion? Trilogy 3(2, May/June), 57-67.^^Colorado Plateau, Colorado River, Human Impact, Species Decline^article^:
^1991^Covington, W. Wallace;Moore, Margaret M.^Covington, W.Wallace & Margaret M. Moore (1991): Changes in Forest Conditions and Multiresource Yields from Ponderosa Pine Forests Since European Settlement. Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. (Report submitted to Water Resources Operations, Salt River Project, Phoenix, Arizona.)^The goal of this research was to determine changes since European settlement in forest conditions and resource yields for a southwestern ponderosa pine watershed. Based on early photographs, anecdotal accounts, and several studies in southwestern ponderosa pine, our hypothesis was that presettlement forests were much more open than they are today, and thus that herbage production, stream flow, wildlife habitat, etc., would have been substantially different under the natural disturbance regime of periodic (2-10 years) surface fires. This report presents quantitative estimates of these Changes.^Forests/woodlands, Vegetation^book^:
^1991^Cross, A. F.^Cross, A.F. (1991): Vegetation of Two Southeastern Arizona Desert Marshes. Madrono 38, 185-194.^^Cochise County, Vegetation, Wetlands^article^:
^1991^Crown, Patricia L.;Judge, W. James^Crown, Patricia L. & W. James Judge (1991): Chaco and Hohokam Prehistoric Regional Systems I in the American Southwest. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe.^^Agriculture, Archaeology, Chaco Culture, Hohokam^book^:
^1991^Crown, Patricia L.;Judge, W. James^Crown, Patricia L. & W. James Judge (1991): Chaco and Hohokam. School of American Research, San Francisco. 369 Pages.^^Archaeology, Chaco Culture, Hohokam^book^:
^1991^del Villar,Mary; del Villar,Fred^del Villar,Mary; del Villar,Fred (1991):Where the Strange Roads Go Down. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 244 Pages.^^Mexico^book^:
^1991^Finch, Deborah M.^Finch, Deborah M. (1991):Population Ecology, Habitat Requirements, and Conservation of Neotropical Migratory Birds. (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-205.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado. 26 pages.^In 1990, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation proposed a major initiative for the conservation of migratory landbirds that breed in North America and winter in neotropical countries. This report was prepared in support of the Foundation's Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Program and the USDA Forest Service's role in the program. Recent analyses of local and regional bird population counts, radar migration data, and capture data from banding stations show that forest-dwelling bird species, many of which are neotropical migrants, have experienced population declines in many areas of North America. The factors that have been advanced to explain the population declines include forest fragmentation on the breeding grounds, deforestation of wintering habitats, pesticide poisoning, or the cumulative effects of habitat changes. This literature review summarizes current information on population trends of neotropical migratory birds and the factors affecting migrant populations on the breeding and wintering grounds. Opportunities for research, monitoring, and conservation of neotropical migrants on Forest Service lands are Discussed.^Birds, Migration, Population Decline^book^:
^1991^Flieger, J. C.^Flieger, J.C. (1991): Dreams Come True for Cowboys Too! The Remarkable Life Story of Jo Curtis Flieger. Westernlore Press, Tucson, Arizona.^^Anglos, Aravaipa Creek, Biography, Ranching^book^:
^1991^Folk-Williams, J.^Folk-Williams, J. (1991): The Gila Basin and the Waters of Southern Arizona: A Guide to Decision Making. Western Network, Santa Fe. 58 Pages.^^Description, Gila River, History, Human Impact, Water Supply^book^:
^1991^Gilles, Cate;Bravo, Lena;Watahomigie, Don^Gilles, Cate, Lena Bravo & Don Watahomigie (1991): Uranium Mining at the Grand Canyon: What Costs to Water, Air, and Indigenous People? The Workbook (Southwest Research and Information Center) 16(1), cover, 2-17.^^Colorado River, Environmental Change, Grand Canyon, Indians, Mining, Water Quality^article^:
^1991^Gumerman, George J.^Gumerman, George J. (1991): Exploring the Hohokam: Prehistoric Desert People of the American Southwest. Vol. 1. Amerind Foundation (University of New Mexico, Albuquerque), Dragoon, Arizona. 500 Pages.^^Description, Ethnology, History, Hohokam^book^:
^1991^Hadley, Diana;Warshall, Peter;Bufkin, Don^Hadley, Diana, Peter Warshall & Don Bufkin (1991): Environmental Change in Aravaipa, 1870-1970: An Ethnoecological Survey. (Series Ed: Stumpf, Gary. Cultural Resource Series, No. 7.) Arizona State Office of the Bureau of Land Management, Phoenix.^"The Bureau of Land Management sponsored this report on the history of ecological change in Aravaipa Canyon and adjacent lands in order to gain a better understanding of alterations in the study area's natural environment and of the reasons for which it came to be in its present condition. The report attemtps to record a century of land change and resource use along with the decisions and processes of the individuals and agencies which shaped Aravaipa's Landscape."^Aravaipa Creek, Ethnoecology, History, Land Use, Ranching, Vegetation^book^:
^1991^Hall, D. O.;Scurlock, J. M. O.^Hall, D.O. & J.M.O. Scurlock (1991): Climate Change and Productivity of Natural Grasslands. Annals of Botany 67, 49-55.^^Climate, Grasslands, Native Species, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1991^Halpenny,Leonard C.; Halpenny,Philip C.^Halpenny,Leonard C.; Halpenny,Philip C. (1991):Renewable Urban Water Supplies, Nogales and the Microbasins of the Santa Cruz River, A Case of Natural Water Banking. Fifth Biennial Symposium on Artificial Recharge of Groundwater, "Challenges of the 1990s," Tucson, AZ, May 1991.^"A series of four sub-basins extend along the Santa Cruz River from the border. Low-permeability formations surround the shoestring aquifer of alluvial deposits. In places the bedrock intrudes into the aquifer, forming pockets of alluvium (at one bedrock boundary (Guevavi Narrows) flow is perennial, with an associated riparian habitat). These cells are periodically recharged by river flow, and in periods of no flow they constitute storage reservoirs which can be utilized as water supply sources. On a statistical basis these pocket basins constitute a reliable supply. The recharge characteristics of these basins allow them to refill quickly when flow Occurs."^Groundwater, Santa Cruz River, Water Supply^other^:
^1991^Hereford, R.^Hereford, R. (1991): Geomorphic Evolution of the San Pedro River Channel Since 1900. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (United States Geological Survey Open File Report)^^Geomorphology, San Pedro River^book^:
^1991^Hosmer, John^Hosmer, John (1991): From the Santa Cruz to the Gila in 1850: An Excerpt from the Overland Journal of William P. Huff. Journal of Arizona History 32(1, Spring).^Over the last few years, a small group of Arizona high-school students has participated in a unique historical study. They examined an original, unpublished gold-rush journal and found it the perfect tool for understanding their past. Tackling the monumental task of transcribing, editing, and publishing the diary of William P. Huff gave the students a firsthand opportunity to compare and relate the descriptions of the southwest 150 years ago with the Arizona they know Today.^Gila River, Journals, Santa Cruz River, Travel^article^:
^1991^Howard, Jerry B.;Huckleberry, Gary^Howard, Jerry B. & Gary Huckleberry (1991): The Operation and Evolution of an Irrigation System: The East Papago Canal Study. (Soil Systems Publications in Archaeology, No. 18.), Phoenix.^^Agriculture, Canals, Irrigation, Maricopa County, Surveys, Tohono O'odham^book^:
^1991^Jacobs,Lynn^Jacobs,Lynn (1991):Waste of the West: Public Lands Ranching. Personally Published by the Author, Tucson, Arizona. 602 Pages.^^Cattle, Grazing^book^:
^1991^Matson, R. G.^Matson, R.G. (1991): The Origin of Southwestern Agriculture. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Agriculture, History^book^:
^1991^Messersmith, Dan W.^Messersmith, Dan W. (1991): The History of Mohave County to 1912. Mohave County Historical Society, Kingman, Arizona.^^Colorado River, History, Indians, Military, Mining, Mohave County, Railroads, Ranching, Steamboats^book^:
^1991^Minckley, W. L.^Minckley, W.L. (1991): Native Fishes of Arid Lands: A Dwindling Resource of the Desert Southwest. (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-206.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Endangered Species, Extinctions/extirpations, Fish, Native Species, Species Decline^book^:
^1991^Parker, Kathleene^Parker, Kathleene (1991): The Only True People: A History of the Native Americans of the Colorado Plateau. Thunder Mesa Publishing, Moab, Utah. 84 Pages.^^Colorado Plateau, Colorado River, History, Indians^book^:
^1991^Pimeria Alta Historical Society^Pimeria Alta Historical Society (1991): Voices from the Pimeria Alta. Pimeria Alta Historical Society, Nogales, Arizona.^We have a compulsion to tell of the past that shaped our lives and destinies, and of the present, molded by the past. The Pimeria Alta's present also needs to be interpreted in light of the rapid changes occurring this century, especially with the influx of people and ideas of a highly technical age. The area known as the Pimeria Alta (land of the upper Pimas) was traveled extensively by Father Kino, three hundred years ago. Its boundaries extend from the Rio Concepcion and Rio Sonora in the south, to the Gila River in the north; and from the San Pedro River Valley in the east to the Gulf of California and the Colorado River in the west. This area is some 50, 000 square miles, and represents southern Arizona and northern Sonora.^Colorado River, Gila River, Missions, Pimeria Alta, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Sonora, Spanish^book^:
^1991^Rhoads, B. L.^Rhoads, B.L. (1991): Impact of Agricultural Development on Regional Drainage in the Lower Santa Cruz Valley, Arizona, U.S.A. Geology and Water Sciences 18, 119-135.^The effects of human activities on the regional drainage patterns in the lower Santa Cruz Valley of south-central Arizona are Reported.^Agriculture, Human Impact, Santa Cruz River^article^:
^1991^Rinne, John N.; Minckley, W. L.^Rinne, John N.; Minckley, W. L. (1991):Native Fishes of Arid Lands: A Dwindling Resource of the Desert Southwest. (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-206.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado. 45 pages.^Native freshwater fishes of the desert Southwest are disappearing. Fishes obviously require water, scarce in the past in this vast arid zone, and even more so now with burgeioning human populations. As a result, this relatively small, special group of animals has fallen on hard Times.^Extinctions/extirpations, Fish, Human Impact, Population Decline^book^:
^1991^Robrock, D. P.^Robrock, D.P. (1991): Traveling the Devil's Turnpike: The Heyday of the Upper Gila Trail, 1846-1849. Paper presented at the Arizona Historical Society Convention (on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^^Anglos, Exploration, Gila River, Travel^other^:
^1991^Robrock, David P.^Robrock, David P. (1991): Argonauts and Indians: Yuma Crossing, 1849. Journal of Arizona History (Spring), 21-39.^^Anglos, Ferries, Gila River, Travel, Yuma, Yuma Indians^article^:
^1991^Rosenberg, Kenneth V.;Ohmart, Robert D.;Hunter, William C.;Anderson, Bertin W.^Rosenberg, Kenneth V., Robert D. Ohmart, William C. Hunter & Bertin W. Anderson(1991): Birds of the Lower Colorado River Valley. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^"The lower Colorado River has a long history of human use, from Native Americans, Spaniards, and Anglo-American fur trappers to modern-day corporate farmers and recreationists. Human dependence on and greed for water have brought about many conflicts with the natural environmetns. As refinement of river management has increased, so has modification of natural aquatic and terrestrial Habitats."^Birds, Colorado River, Ecology^book^:
^1991^San Pedro Interdisciplinary Study Team^San Pedro Interdisciplinary Study Team (1991): A Study of the Water Resources of the San Pedro Basin and Options of Efficient Equitable Water Management. Water Resources Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Groundwater, San Pedro River, Streamflow, Water Supply^book^:
^1991^Stockel, H. H.^Stockel, H.H. (1991): Women of the Apache Nation. University of Nevada, Las Vegas and Reno.^^Apaches, Biography^book^:
^1991^Stromberg, Juliet C.;Patten, Duncan T.;Richter, Brian D.^Stromberg, Juliet C., Duncan T. Patten & Brian D. Richter (1991): Flood Flows and Dynamics of Sonoran Riparian Forests. Rivers 2(3), 221-235.^^Floods, Geomorphology, Riparian Areas, Vegetation^article^:
^1991^United States Fish and Wildlife Service^United States Fish and Wildlife Service (1991):Endangered and Threatened Species of Arizona. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Phoenix, Arizona. 102 Pages.^^Endangered Species, Fish, Wildlife^book^:
^1991^Weatherford, J. M.^Weatherford, J.M. (1991): Native Roots: How the Indians Enriched America. Crown Publishers, Random House, New York. 310 Pages.^^Agriculture, Ethnoecology, History, Human Impact, Indians^book^:
^1991^Webb, Robert H.;Smith, Spence S.;McCord, V. Alexander S.^Webb, Robert H., Spence S. Smith & V.Alexander S. McCord (1991): Historic Channel Change of Kanab Creek, Southern Utah and Northern Arizona, 1991. Monograph No. 9 ed. Grand Canyon Natural History Association, Grand Canyon. 91 Pages.^^Channel Change, Colorado Plateau, Geomorphology, Kanab Creek^book^:
^1990^Aljamal, Ali D.;Vionnet, Leticia^Aljamal, Ali D. & Leticia Vionnet (1990): Phase I of the Upper San Pedro Basin Study: Data Base. Water Resources Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson.^"The Upper San Pedro Basin Study comprises two Phases. This report concluded Phase I of the study. The objectives of the Phase I were to locate, collect, compile and sort all existing information in the study area. A data base was established with the information gathered, which is going to be used in the second Phase of the study by a interdisciplinary group of investigators and students who will try to develop suitable and effective management options in the study area. Another goal in this Phase was to detect data availability and possible data gaps. Those findings will help to focus the effort of further research in some particular issues within the Basin."^Bibliography, San Pedro River^book^:
^1990^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Anderson, Bertin W. & Robert D. Ohmart (1990): Response of Wildlife to Strip-Clearing Riparian Vegetation. Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nevada. (Contract No.1-07-34-X0176)^^Colorado River, Vegetation Removal, Wildlife^book^:
^1990^Arizona Riparian Council^Arizona Riparian Council (1990): Protection and Enhancement of Riparian Ecosystems: An Annotated Bibliography. Arizona Riparian Council, Protection and Enhancement Committee, Tempe. 57 pages.^"The protection and Enhancement Committee of the Arizona Riparian Council began this project in 1986 in order to assist those working in riparian areas. The purpose was to provide a literature review that pertained to protecting and enhancing riparian areas, particularly in the Southwest region. The literature reviewed in this bibliography was selected by availability and applicability. It is recognized that this review is not a thorough compilation or riparian ecosystem research. Assistance by those using this document is asked i acquiring and/or notifying pertainent articles so revisions can be Made."^Bibliography, Preservation, Restoration, Riparian Areas^book^:
^1990^Baisan, C. H.^Baisan, C.H. (1990): Fire History of the Rincon Mountain Wilderness, Saguaro National Monument. University of Arizona, Tucson. (Cooperative National Park Resource Studies Unit, Technical Report No. 29).^^Fire^book^:
^1990^Betancourt, Julio;MacKay, A. M.^Betancourt, Julio & A.M. MacKay (1990): Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Pacific Climate Workshop. California Department of Water Resources, Interagency Ecological Studies Program, Technical Report 23, Sacramento. (Interagency Ecological Studies Program, Technical Report 23).^^Anthology/proceedings, Climate^book^:
^1990^Betancourt,Julio; Turner,Raymond^Betancourt,Julio; Turner,Raymond (1990):Tucson's Santa Cruz River and the Arroyo Legacy. Forthcoming: University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Arroyos, Erosion, History, Santa Cruz River, Water Supply^book^:
^1990^Burbank, J. C.^Burbank, J.C. (1990): Vanishing Lobo: The Mexican Wolf and the Southwest. Johnson Books, Boulder.^^Endangered Species, Human Impact, Mammals^book^:
^1990^Caillou, Aliza (Ed.)^Caillou, Aliza (Ed.) (1990):Jerome and the Verde Valley: Legends and Legacies. Thorne Enterprises, Sedona, Arizona. 278 pages.^What was the Verde Valley like eons and eons ago? Who wre its first inhabitants? How have waves of civilization and geological turbulence affected its environment? What was the character of the people who carved their niche into its history? And perhaps most compelling of all, what does the future hold for the valley the Spanish referred to as "The Land of the Eternal Summer?" Eight authors combined their talents to answer those questions. Each brought to the task an individual approach by virtue of their diverse backgrounds and interests. Through their original research and personal interviews, they have gathered detailed information which is being presented for the first time in this book. Unquestionably, a single author would have needed many years to achieve a similar Result.^Mining, Ranching, Verde River, Yavapai Tribe^book^:
^1990^Calder, A. William^Calder, A.William (1990): Man and the Mountain Lion in the Early Nineteen Hundreds: Perspectives from a Wildcat Dump. Journal of the Southwest 32(2), 150-172.^^Human Impact, Mammals^article^:
^1990^Cole, David N.^Cole, David N. (1990): Trampling Disturbance and Recovery of Cryptogamic Soil Crusts in Grand Canyon National Park. Great Basin Naturalist 50, 321-325.^^Colorado River, Cryptogams, Grand Canyon, Human Impact, Recreation, Soil^article^:
^1990^Dahl, T. E.^Dahl, T.E. (1990): Wetlands Losses in the United States 1780's to 1980's. U. S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D. C.^Wetlands are disappearing at a rapid rate. Although measures are actively being sought to stem wetland losses and restore wetland acreage, the rate of wetland conversion over the years has been dramatic. This is the first of two reports to Congress on the status of wetland resources in the United States. This report, a one-time effort, focuses on documenting historical wetland losses that occurred from colonial times through the 1980's. It is a compilation of existing data from a variety of sources. The second report will update the information contained in Status and Trends of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats in the Conterminous United States. The study effort for the second report will generate new information based on a statistical analysis of wetland changes from the 1970's to the 1980's. The status and trends report will be updated every ten years as required by the Emergency Wetlands Resources Act of 1986. This report is the product of the Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wetlands Inventory.^Environmental Change, Human Impact, Water Loss, Wetlands^book^:
^1990^Davis, Owen K.^Davis, Owen K. (1990): Pollen Analysis of Hassayampa Preserve, Maricopa Co., Arizona. Report to The Nature Conservancy, Hassayampa River Preserve, Box 1162, Wickenburg, Arizona 85385.^^Hassayampa River, Pollen^other^:
^1990^Ferris, K.^Ferris, K. (1990): Guide to Manuscript Collections in the Center for Southwest Research. Center for Southwest Research, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.^^Bibliography, Manuscripts^book^:
^1990^Fifield, Michael;Pihlak, Madis;Cook, Edward;Southerland, Sharon^Fifield, Michael, Madis Pihlak, Edward Cook & Sharon Southerland (1990): Metropolitan Canals: A Regional Design Framework. Arizona State University, Tempe.^^Canals, Maricopa County, Salt River^book^:
^1990^Fonseca, Julia;Block, Michael;Longsworth, Melinda;Boggs, J.^Fonseca, Julia, Michael Block, Melinda Longsworth & J. Boggs (1990): Unique Waters Final Nominating Report for Cienega Creek Natural Preserve, Pima County, Arizona. Pima County Department of Transportation, Tucson.^^Cienega Creek, Pima County, Refuges/preserves, Water Quality^book^:
^1990^Grant,Campbell^Grant,Campbell (1990):Canyon de Chelly: Its People and Rock Art. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 290 Pages.^^Apaches, Canyon De Chelly^book^:
^1990^Grover, H. D.;Musick, H. B.^Grover, H.D. & H.B. Musick (1990): Shrubland Encroachment in Southern New Mexico, U.S.A.: An Analysis of Desertification Processes in the American Southwest. Climatic Change 17, 305-330.^^Desertification, New Mexico, Shrubs, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1990^Hjalmarson, H. W.^Hjalmarson, H.W. (1990): Flood of October 1983 and History of Flooding Along the San Francisco River, Clifton, Arizona. (USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report, 85-4225-B.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^Clifton-morenci, Floods, San Francisco River^book^:
^1990^Iliff,Flora Gregg^Iliff,Flora Gregg (1990):People of the Blue Water: A Record of Life Among the Walapai and Havasupai Indians. 3rd ed. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 271 Pages.^^Colorado River, Havasupai, Indians, Walapai^book^:
^1990^Introcaso, David M.^Introcaso, David M (1990): Bartlett Dam, Maricopa County, Arizona: Photographs, Written Historical & Descriptive Data, Reduced Copies of Drawings. National Park Service, Historic American Building Survey, San Francisco.^^Bartlett Dam, Construction, Photos/art, Verde River^book^:
^1990^James, Steven R.^James, Steven R. (1990): Monitoring Archaeofaunal Changes During the Transition to Agriculture in the American Southwest. The Kiva 56(1), 25-43.^"A model for evaluating prehistoric subsistence stress and species diversity using data from faunal assemblages is developed in order to examine the transition from hunter-gatherer adaptations to agriculture in the Southwest. Most archaeofaunas from this transitional period are found to be inadequately analyzed with the exception of Ventana Cave, which follows some predictions of the model. Comparisons are made between these data and later archaeofaunas produced by Great Basin hunter-gatherers and Hohokam Agriculturalists."^Agriculture, Archaeology, Environmental Change, Hohokam, Human Impact, Paleobotany, Paleontology^article^:
^1990^Johnston, Carol A.;Naiman, Robert J.^Johnston, Carol A. & Robert J. Naiman (1990): Aquatic Patch Creation in Relation to Beaver Population Trends. Ecology 71(4), 1617-1621.^^Beaver, Habitat, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1990^Johnston, Carol A.;Naiman, Robert J.^Johnston, Carol A. & Robert J. Naiman (1990): Browse Selection by Beaver: Effects on Riparian Forest Composition. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20(7, July), 1036-1043.^^Beaver, Habitat, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1990^Kosowatz, John J.^Kosowatz, John J. (1990): Flows from Glen Canyon Dam Put Grand Canyon at Risk. ENR 224(May 3), 5.^^Colorado River, Geomorphology, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon, Human Impact^article^:
^1990^Krammes, J. S.^Krammes, J.S. (Ed.) (1990): Effects of Fire Management on Southwestern Natural Resources. (Proceedings of the Symposium) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-191.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO. 293 Pages.^^Anthology/proceedings, Fire, Geomorphology, Grasslands^book^:
^1990^Lumholtz,Carl^Lumholtz,Carl (1990):New Trails in Mexcio: An Account of One Year's Exploration in North-Western Sonora, Mexico, and South-Western Arizona 1909-1910. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 411 pages.^"During the years 1909 and 1910 I was commissioned by some influential friends to look into certain economical possibilities of the arid and little known country along the upper part of the Gulf of California, east of the Colorado River. My field embraced most of the District of Altar, in the State of Sonora, Mexico, as well as the southern part of the newly admitted State of Arizona; in other words, the region which by the early Spanish chroniclers was designated as Papagueria, after the native inhabitants, the Papago Indians. Some of this country, being the least accessible part of the Sonora Desert, is singularly little known, though lying, so to speak, at the door of the great empire of Yankee enterprise. My mission gave me an opportunity for geographical and ethnological studies, and account of which is here presented in popular form. For this opportunity I am grateful to my Frineds."^Exploration, San Xavier, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1990^McCoy, Ronald^McCoy, Ronald (1990): The Blue-Green Water People. The World and I 5(3), 681+.^^Colorado River, Indians^article^:
^1990^Medina, A. L.^Medina, A.L. (1990): Possible Effects of Residential Development on Streamflow, Riparian Plant Com-munities, and Fisheries on Small Mountain Streams in Central Arizona. Forest Ecology and Management 33/34, 351-361.^^Fish, Human Impact, Mountains, Riparian Areas, Streamflow, Urbanization, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1990^Richter, Brian;Patten, Duncan T.;Stromberg, Juliet C.^Richter, Brian, Duncan T. Patten & Juliet C. Stromberg (1990): Evaluating the Role of Flooding in a Southwestern Riparian System. Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest 20, 75-82.^"A methodology of analyzing the influence of floods on riparian systems to vegetative modelling and a flood hydraulics simulator is Described."^Floods, Riparian Areas, Vegetation^article^:
^1990^Rivers West Incorporated; Water and Environmental Systems Technology Incorporated^Rivers West Incorporated; Water and Environmental Systems Technology Incorporated (1990):Water Resources Assessment: Bill Williams Unit, Havasu National Wildlife Refuge. (Prepared for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) Rivers West, Inc. & Water and Environmental Systems Technology, Inc., Denver, Colorado. 89 + figures pages.^The Bill Williams River Management Unit, Havasu National Wildlife Refuge, Havasu National Wildlife Refuge, was established as a refuge and breeding ground for migratory birds and other wildlife. Riparian vegetation and the open surface waters of the Bill Williams River are the principle components of this unique desert habitat, and support an abundance and diversity of wildlife, including fish. In recent years, baseflows in the Bill Williams River have been markedly reduced due to upstream water development. This report quantifies the changes in stream flows in the Refuge which have resulted from the combined effects of the construction and operation of Alamo Dam and consumptive uses of water, principally from the aquifer which underlays the Planet Ranch. It then establishes quantities of flows in the Refuge necessary to maintain the outstanding riparian and aquatic habitats which resulted int he original establishment of the Refuge. Finally, the report evaluates the opportunities afforded the Refuge to secure legal entitlement to instream flows. The development and evaluation of water management alternatives which will permit the Refuge to achieve its instream flow needs goes beyond the scope of this assessment, but will be shown to necessarily involve both the operation of Alamo Dam and the upstream consumptive use of river underflow - particularly from the aquifer underlying the Planet Ranch.^Bill Williams River, Refuges/preserves, Water Supply^book^:
^1990^Rodack,Madelaine Turrell (Ed.)^Rodack,Madelaine Turrell (Ed.) (1990):Adolph F. Bandelier's The Discovery of New Mexico by the Franciscan Monk, Friar Marcos de Niza in 1539. 2nd ed. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 135 Pages.^^Exploration, Gila River, Salt River, San Pedro River^book^:
^1990^Savage, M.;Swetnam, Thomas W.^Savage, M. & Thomas W. Swetnam (1990): Early 19th-Century Fire Decline Following Sheep Pasturing in a Navajo Ponderosa Pine Forest. Ecology 71, 2374-2378.^^Fire, Forests/woodlands, Grazing, Navajos, Rio Puerco, Sheep^article^:
^1990^Siegel, R. S.;Brock, J. H.^Siegel, R.S. & J.H. Brock (1990): Germination Requirements of Key Southwestern Woody Riparian Species. Desert Plants 10(1), 3-8.^^Riparian Areas, Vegetation^article^:
^1990^Spamer, Earle E.^Spamer, Earle E. (1990): Bibliography of the Grand Canyon and the Lower Colorado River From 1540. Grand Canyon Natural History Association, Grand Canyon, Arizona. (Monograph Number 8)^^Bibliography, Colorado River, Grand Canyon^book^:
^1990^Swetnam, T. W.^Swetnam, Thomas W. (1990): Fire History and Climate in the Southwestern United States. In: Effects of Fire in Management of Southwestern Natural Resources. (Ed: Krammes, J.S.) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-191.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 6-17.^Fire occurances in the past three centuries was examined with historic records from documents and fire scarred Trees.^Climate, Fire^chapter^:
^1990^Swetnam, T. W.;Betancourt, J. L.^Swetnam, Thomas W. & J.L. Betancourt (1990): Fire and Southern Oscillation Relations in the Southwestern United States. Science 249, 1017-1020.^Fire scar and tree growth (1700-1905) and fire statistics (since 1905) from Arizona and New Mexico show that areas burn after wet springs associated with the low phase of the Southern Oscillation (SO), whereas large areas burn after dry springs associated with the high phase of the So.^Climate, Fire^article^:
^1990^U.S. Bureau of Land Management^U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (1976): San Pedro-Santa Cruz Project Arizona. Bureau of Reclamation, Washington, D. C.^^Riparian Areas, Wetlands^book^:
^1990^Various authors^Various authors (1990): Series on Water in Arizona. Arizona Republic (October).^^Salt River, Water Supply^article^:
^1990^Webb, R. H.;Betancourt, J. L.^Webb, R.H. & Betancourt, J.L. (1990): Climatic Variability and Flood Frequency of the Santa Cruz River, Pima County, Arizona. (U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report, 90-553.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^Climate, Floods, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1990^Wolden, L.;Stromberg, Juliet;Patten, Duncan R.;Richter, Holly^Wolden, L., Juliet Stromberg, Duncan R. Patten & Holly Richter (1990): Understory Restoration in Three Riparian Forest Types (Arizona). Restoration and Management Notes 8(2, Winter), 116-117.^^Cottonwood-willow Forests, Hassayampa River, Restoration, Riparian Areas, Understory, Vegetation^article^:
^1989^Abruzzi, William Stewart^Abruzzi, William Stewart (1989): Ecology, Resources Redistribution and Mormon Settlement in Northeastern Arizona. American Anthropologist 91, 642-655.^^Ecology, Human Impact, Little Colorado River, Mormons^article^:
^1989^Alexander, B.;Ronco, Jr, F;Fitzhugh, E. L.;Ludwig, J. A.^Alexander, B., F. Ronco, Jr., E.L. Fitzhugh & J.A. Ludwig (1989): Roots of the Arizona Livestock Industry. Rangelands 11, 9-13.^^Grazing, History, Ranching^article^:
^1989^Allen, Larry S.^Allen, Larry S. (1989):Roots of the Arizona Livestock Industry. Rangelands 11(1, February), 9-13.^Four and a half centureis ago a 38-year-old Franciscan monk crossed the present international border somewhere near the headwaters of the San Pedro, and the European influence began in Southern Arizona. Fray Marcos de Niza, an Italian, was dispatched by Spanish Viceroy Don Antonio de Mendoza in the name of King Charles V for exploration and spread of the Christian doctrine among the native Americans. Many historians suspect that Mendoza was motivated more by a desire for gold than any true missionary Fervor.^Cattle, Grazing, History, Sheep, Spanish^article^:
^1989^Arizona State Parks^Arizona State Parks (1989): Arizona Rivers, Streams, & Wetlands Study. Arizona State Lands Department, Phoenix.^^Description, Recreation, Rivers, Wetlands^book^:
^1989^Barrios, Frank M.^Barrios, Frank M. (1989): Gillespie Dam. Paper presented at the Arizona Historical Society Convention (On file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^Gillespie Dam is a privately owned concrete, multiple arch structure, 20 feet in height by about 1, 700 feet in length, constructed in 1921, as a diversion dam for agricultural irrigation using a surface water supply from the Gila River. It is located about 40 miles southwesterly from Phoenix, Arizona, just downstream of the community of Arlington, and adjacent to the Old Phoenix-Yuma Highway. Since the completion of Arizona Highway 85, few people make the effort to visit this now out-of-the-way site. Gillespie has been religated to virtual obscurity, visited only by local farmers who pass by this impressive structure as they proceed about their local Chores.^Dam Collapse, Gila River, Gillespie Dam^other^:
^1989^Beck, Warren;Haase, Ynez D.^Beck, Warren & Ynez D. Haase (1989): Historical Atlas of the American West. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Atlas, History^book^:
^1989^Billingsley, George H.^Billingsley, George H. (1989): Mining Activity in the Grand Canyon Area, Arizona. In: 28th International Geological Congress Field Trip Guidebook T115/315; Geology of the Grand Canyon. (Eds: Elston, Donald P., George H. Billingsley & Richard D. Young) American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C., 224-227.^^Colorado River, Geology, Grand Canyon, Mining^chapter^:
^1989^Blinn, D. W.;Truitt, R.;Pickart, A.^Blinn, D.W., R. Truitt & A. Pickart (1989): Response of Epiphytic Diatom Communities From the Tailwaters of Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, To Elevated Water Temperature. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 4, 91-96.^^Colorado River, Glen Canyon Dam, Habitat, Invertebrates, Vegetation^article^:
^1989^Bock, J. E.;Bock, C. E.^Bock, J.E. & C.E. Bock (1989): Factors Limiting Sexual Reproduction in Platanus wrightii in Southeastern Arizona. El Aliso 12(2), 295-301.^^Sycamore Trees^article^:
^1989^Brady, Ward;Stromberg, Mark;Aldon, E. F.;Bonham, C. D.;Henry, S. H.^Brady, Ward, Mark Stromberg, E.F. Aldon, C.D. Bonham & S.H. Henry (1989): Response of a Semidesert Grassland to 16 Years of Rest from Grazing. Journal of Range Management 42, 284-288.^"The changes is canopy cover of vegetation from 1969 to 1984 are reported. Comparisons are made between grazed and ungrazed Conditions."^Grasslands, Grazing, Restoration, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1989^Brown, Bryan T.;Trosset, Michael W.^Brown, Bryan T. & Michael W. Trosset (1989): Nesting-Habitat Relationships of Riparian Birds Along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona. The Southwestern Naturalist 34(2), 260-270.^^Birds, Colorado River, Grand Canyon^article^:
^1989^Brown, David E.^Brown, David E. (1989): Arizona Game Birds. The University of Arizona Press and The Arizona Game and Fish Department, Tucson.^^Birds, Hunting/fishing/trapping^book^:
^1989^Brown, J. R.;Archer, S.^Brown, J.R. & Archer, S. (1989): Woody Plant Invasion of Grasslands: Establishment of Honey Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa) On Sites Differing in Herbaceous Biomass and Grazing History. Oecologia 80, 19-26.^^Exotic Species, Grasslands, Grazing, Mesquite Trees, Vegetation^article^:
^1989^Fontana, Bernard L.^Fontana, Bernard L. (1989): Of Earth and Little Rain: The Papago Indians. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^This book is meant to provide an appreciation, in words and photographs, of one of the lesser-known groups of Indians in the United States and Mexico. That they are so little known to outsiders despite the fact that their reservation is the second largest in the United States says something about the depth of their Humility.^Description, Photos/art, Tohono O'odham^book^:
^1989^Garrett, H.;Johnson, Clark V.^Garrett, H. & Clark V. Johnson (1989): Regional Studies in Latter-Day Saint Church History, Arizona. Department of Church History and Doctrine, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.^^History, Little Colorado River, Mormons^book^:
^1989^Graybill, Donald A.^Graybill, Donald A. (1989): The Reconstruction of Prehistoric Salt River Streamflow. In: The 1982-1984 Excavations at Las Colinas: Environment and Subsistence. Vol. 5. (Eds: Graybeill, D.A., D.A. Gregory, F.L. Nials, S.K. Fish, C. Miksicek & C. Stutzer) (Arizona State Museum Archaeology Series, No. 162.) University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Archaeology, Ethnoecology, Salt River, Streamflow^chapter^:
^1989^Hirt, Paul^Hirt, Paul (1989): The Transformation of a Landscape: Culture and Ecology in Southeastern Arizona. Environmental Review 13, 167-189.^^Culture, Ecology, Environmental Change, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1989^Introcaso, David M.^Introcaso, David M (1989): Horse Mesa Dam, Maricopa County, Arizona: Photographs, Written Historical & Descriptive Data, Reduced Copies of Drawings. National Park Service, Historic American Building Survey, San Francisco.^^Construction, Horse Mesa Dam, Photos/art, Salt River^book^:
^1989^Introcaso, David M.^Introcaso, David M (1989): Mormon Flat Dam, Maricopa County, Arizona: Photographs, Written Historical & Descriptive Data, Reduced Copies of Drawings. National Park Service, Historic American Building Survey, San Francisco.^^Construction, Mormon Flat Dam, Photos/art, Salt River^book^:
^1989^Jackowitch, Douglas G.^Jackowitch, Douglas G. (1989): Image Analysis Aids the World's Most Endangered Fish. Advanced Imaging 4(2), 24, 26, 36.^^Colorado River, Endangered Species, Fish, Native Species^article^:
^1989^Kinsland, Gary L.^Kinsland, Gary L. (1989): Proposed Ancient Colorado River Channel, Sonora, Mexico. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 21(5), 101-102.^^Colorado River, Geology, Geomorphology, Mexico^article^:
^1989^Krutch,Joseph Wood^Krutch,Joseph Wood (1989):Grand Canyon: Today and All Its Yesterdays. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 276 Pages.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Little Colorado River^book^:
^1989^Luckingham, Bradford^Luckingham, Bradford (1989): Phoenix: the History of a Southwestern Metropolis. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 316 Pages.^^History, Phoenix^book^:
^1989^Meusel, Mike^Meusel, Mike (1989): Hydrologic Conditions on the Upper San Pedro River (San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area). Bureau of Land Management, San Pedro Project Office, Safford, Arizona.^^Hydrology, Refuges/preserves, San Pedro River^book^:
^1989^Miller, Darlis^Miller, Darlis (1989): Soldiers and Settlers: Military Supply in the Southwest 1861-1885. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.^^History, Military^book^:
^1989^Miller, Robert Rush et al.^Miller, Robert Rush et al. (1989): Extinctions of North American Fishes During the Past Century. Fisheries 14, 22-38.^^Extinctions/extirpations, Fish^article^:
^1989^Mitchell, Douglas R.^Mitchell, Douglas R. (Ed.) (1989): Archaeological Investigations at the Grand Canal Ruins: A Classic Period Site in Phoenix, Arizona. Soil Systems, Inc., Phoenix, Arizona. (Soil Systems Publications in Archaeology No. 12)^This two volume report, Soil Systems Publications in Archaeology No. 12, represents the final deliverable for archaeological data recovery investigations conducted by Soil Systems, Inc., in 1986 at the Grand Canal Ruins for the City of Phoenix. These volumes represent the third and final investigation of cultural resources conducted by Soil Systems, Inc., along the Squaw Peak Parkway in metropolitan Phoenix. Two previous publications reported on the archaeological testing along the Parkway corridor between McDowell Road and Glendale Avenue (Soil Systems Publications in Archaeology No. 6) and data recovery investigations at the Classic period village site of Casa Buena (Soil Systems Publications in Archaeology No. 11). Investigations at the Grand Canal Ruins revealed over 200 features dating primarily to the Soho and Civano phases of the Classic period. Ceramic and chronometric analyses were used to distinguish a phase transitional between the Sedentary and classic periods, the Santan phse, and a late Classic period occupation, the Polvoron phase. The site investigations focused on an examination of community organization during the Classic period and although relatively few architectural features were present within the project area, an extensive cemetery and extramural features (including hornos) provided a glimpse of prehistoric activity areas and land use at the periphery of a large sedentary village. A portion of a Classic period compound was investigated and several prehistoric and historic canal segments crossed the project area. The large burial assemblage allowed for studies of Classic period mortuary practices, human osteology, and ceramic seriation, and a form and function study of the numerous whole vessels recovered as grave goods. A study of Classic period susistence strategies was possible through an examination of the botanical remains recovered from a diversity of contexts. Geomorphological studies and sediment analyses from prehistoric canals added greatly to our interpretation and reconstruction^Archaeology, Canals, Hohokam, Phoenix, Salt River^book^:
^1989^Purvis, Louis L.^Purvis, Louis L. (1989): The Ace in the Hole - A brief History of Company 818 of the Civilian Conservation Corps. Brentwood Christian Press, Columbus, GA. 142 Pages.^^Colorado River, Construction, Grand Canyon, Restoration^book^:
^1989^Roeske, R. H.;Garrett, J. M.;Eychaner, J. H.^Roeske, R.H., J.M. Garrett & J.H. Eychaner (1989): Floods of October 1983 in Southeastern Arizona. (Water-Resources Investigations Report, 85-4225-C.) U.S. Geological Survey, Tucson, Arizona.^"Tropical storm Octave off the coast of Baja California, was the main cause of the outstanding floods on the San Francisco, Gila, San Pedro, and Santa Cruz Rivers and other smaller streams. The long period of rainfall from September 27 to October 3 was the result of the interaction of a high-altitude low-pressure trough and a persistent supply of moist tropical air mainly associated with tropical storm Octave. This was the sixth major flood insouthern or southeastern Arizona in 21 years that was caused by a tropical storm or Hurricane."^Floods, Geomorphology, Gila River, San Francisco River, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1989^Rusinek, W.^Rusinek, W. (1989): Battlefronts for the Verde River. Journal of the Southwest (Summer).^^Verde River^article^:
^1989^Schmal, R.;Wesche, T.^Schmal, R. & T. Wesche (1989): Historical Implications of the Railroad Crosstie Industry on Current Riparian and Stream Habitat Management in the Central Rocky Mountains. In: Practical Approaches to Riparian Resource Management: An Educational Workshop. Bureau of Land Management, Washington, D. C., 189.^^Habitat, Railroads, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1989^Smith, N. R.^Smith, N.R. (1989): Man's Changes to a Mountain. Paper presented at the Arizona Historical Society Convention (on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^^Human Impact, Mountains, Verde River^other^:
^1989^Swetnam, T. W.;Baisan, C. H.;Brown, P. M.;Caprio, A. C.^Swetnam, Thomas W., Baisan, C.H., Brown, P.M. & Caprio, A.C. (1989): Fire History of Rhyolite Canyon, Chiricahua National Monument. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Technical Report No. 32.^"Fire scar samples collected from areas along the length of Rhyolite Canyon were dendrochronologically analyzed to reconstruct three centuries of fire History."^Chiricahuas, Dendrochronology, Fire^other^:
^1989^Szaro, Robert C.^Szaro, Robert C. (1989): Riparian Forest and Scrubland Community Types of Arizona and New Mexico. Desert Plants (Special Issue) 9(3-4), 1-138.^In 1982, Desert Plants published Biotic Communities of the American Southwest - United States and Mexico as Volume 4, Numbers 1-4. It represented a general classification of the natural vegetation of the region indicated in the title, with a description of each general community type. It has proven by far the most appreciated of all items published to date in Desert Plants, as shown by a general showering of praise by subscribers. It continues to sell very well in the back-issue aftermarket, so that more than 9, 000 copies are in circulation, with orders showing no signs of abating. In this same class of ecological, phytosociological, or natural community oriented publication, the Boyce Thompson Arboretum now takes great pride in disseminating this present Riparian Forest and Scrubland Community Types of Arizona and New Mexico by Robert C. Szaro of the USDA Forest Service. It is of the same general high standard of quality as Biotic Communities and both are products of the Rocky Mountain Forest Experiment Station, an important research arm of the USDA Forest Service. This present publication represents a further precision in separating and characterizing the riparian forest and scrubland communities indicated in the title. It makes it possible for anyone to identify with precision each of 28 vegetation types, characteristics of the plants which typify each community in Arizona and New Mexico, the vegetational parameters of each community, relationships to other types, and pertinent studies that have been previously published. Appendices rank each riparian tree or shrub species a) by elevation in meters, b) by stream gradient (fall in meters per kilometer), and c) by compass direction of streamflow in Degrees.^Classification, Ecosystems, Riparian Areas, Shrubs^article^:
^1989^Various authors^Various authors (1989): The Homol'ovi Research Program: Investigations into the Prehistory of the Middle Little Colorado Valley. The Kiva 54(3), 173-329.^"The Homol'ovi Research Program (HRP) is part of the Research Section of the Arizona State Museum (ASM). The program was developed in 1984 as part of a legislative budget package submitted by ASM to the University of Arizona. Paul R. Fish, Head of the Research Section, directed the project in 1984 when John H. Madsen and Richard C. Lange conducted excavations and surface collection at Homol'ovi II. I took over direction of the project in 1985 when excavations were lauched at Homol'ovi III and the survey began under Lange's direction. Since 1984 over 200 people have worked on the Homol'ovi Project. This volume is dedicated to the volunteerism that has made the project successful. It is also dedicated to the memory of a friend, Stanley Honanie, Vice-Chairman of the Hopi Tribe, whose passing was a deep loss to all friends of cultural resource preservation in Arizona, and especially to all aspects of work at and around the Homol'ovi sites. This volume consists of 10 articles on various aspects of the research to date. The articles are not intended to cover all phases of the project's research, but ar representative of much that has been Accomplished."^Archaeology, Colorado Plateau, Indians, Little Colorado River^article^:
^1989^Williams, M.^Williams, M. (1989): Americans and Their Forests: An Historical Geography. Cambridge University Press, New York.^^Forests/woodlands, Human Impact, Logging^book^:
^1988^Andrade, E.;Sellers, W.^Andrade, E. & W. Sellers (1988): El Niņo and its Effect on Precipitation in Arizona. Journal of Climatology 8, 403-410.^^Climate, Precipitation^article^:
^1988^Arizona Game and Fish Department^Arizona Game and Fish Department (1988): Threatened Native Wildlife in Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix.^^Endangered Species, Wildlife^book^:
^1988^Asplund, Kenneth K.;Gooch, M. T.^Asplund, Kenneth K. & M.T. Gooch (1988): Geomorphology and the Distributional Ecology of Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii) in a Desert Riparian Canyon. Desert Plants 9, 17-27.^^Cottonwood-willow Forests, Ecology, Geomorphology^article^:
^1988^Athern, F. J.^Athern, F.J. (1988): Habitat in the Past: Historical Perspectives of Riparian Zones on the White River. (Cultural Resource Series, No. 23.) Colorado State Office, Bureau of Land Management, Denver.^^habitat, Riparian Areas, Vegetation Change, White River^book^:
^1988^Baker, R. D. et al.^Baker, R.D. et al. (1988): Timeless Heritage: A History of the Forest Service in the Southwest. Intaglio, Inc., College Station, Texas.^^Forests/woodlands, Government, History^book^:
^1988^Barnes, W. C.^Barnes, W.C. (1988): Arizona Place Names. rev. ed. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 503 Pages.^^Place Names^book^:
^1988^Barrios, Frank M.^Barrios, Frank M. (1988): A History of the Taming of the Salt River. Paper presented at the Arizona Historical Society Convention (On file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^About the same time that Hannibal was leading his army across the Alps, many thousand of miles away in what is now called Arizona, an ancient poeple called the Hohokam were building the first remnants of an irrigation system. Whether these people learned this sophisticated technique through application or if it were brought to them from some other location is still not certain and no doubt can be reason for continuing Discussion.^Dams, Salt River, Salt River Project^other^:
^1988^Barstad, Jan^Barstad, Jan (1988): The Verde River Sheep Bridge and the Sheep Industry in Arizona. Gerald A. Doyle & Associates, P.C., Phoenix.^^Bridges, Grazing, Sheep, Verde River^book^:
^1988^Bown, Robin R.^Bown, Robin R. (1988): Beaver and Dams: Can They Coexist? In: Issues and Technology in the Management of Impacted Wildlife, Proceedings III. (Ed: Emerick, John C.) Thorne Ecological Institute, Colorado Springs, CO, 97-104.^^Anthology/proceedings, Beaver, Dams^chapter^:
^1988^Brown, Bryan T.^Brown, Bryan T. (1988): Breeding Ecology of a Willow Flycatcher Population Along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona. Western Birds 19(1), 25-33.^^Birds, Colorado River, Endangered Species, Grand Canyon^article^:
^1988^Brown, Bryan T.^Brown, Bryan T. (1988): Monitoring Bird Population Densities Along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon: 1987 Breeding Season. (Glen Canyon Environment Studies Technical Report.) U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Salt Lake City. 26 Pages.^^Birds, Colorado River, Grand Canyon^book^:
^1988^Christiansen, Larry D.^Christiansen, Larry D. (1988): The Extinction of Wild Cattle in Southern Arizona. Journal of Arizona History 29(1), 89-100.^^Cattle, Extinctions/extirpations, Feral Animals^article^:
^1988^Clarke, Asa Bement^Clarke, Asa Bement (1988): Travels in Mexico and California, Comprising a Journal of a Tour from Brazos Santiago, through Central Mexico, by Way of Monterey, Chicuahua, the Country of the Apaches, and the River Gila, to the Mining Districts of California. (Series Ed: Perry, Anne M.) Texas A&M University Press, College Station.^^Anglos, Apaches, Chihuahuan Desert, Colorado River, Gila River, Journals, Mexico, Santa Cruz River, Travel^book^:
^1988^Cooley, John R.^Cooley, John R. (1988): The Great Unknown: The Journals of the Historic First Expedition Down the Colorado River. Northland Press, Flagstaff. 207 Pages.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Exploration, Journals^book^:
^1988^Cozzens, Samuel W.^Cozzens, Samuel W. (1988): The Marvellous Country: Explorations and Adventures in Arizona and New Mexico. Castle, Seacaucus, Nj.^^Anglos, Apaches, Exploration, Journals^book^:
^1988^Decamps, H.;Fortune, Madeline;Gazelle, Franios;Pautou, Guy^Decamps, H., Madeline Fortune, Franois Fazelle & Guy Pautou (1988): Historical Influence of Man on the Riparian Dynamics of a Fluvial Landscape. Landscape Ecology 1, 163-173.^^Geomorphology, Human Impact, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1988^Dunlap, Thomas R.^Dunlap, Thomas R. (1988): That Kaibab Myth. Journal of Forest History 32(2, April), 60-67.^In October 1930 a Phoenix Gazette editorial, 'That Kaibab Myth, ' attached the Forest Service's management of the deer herd in the Kaibab National Forest. The 'myth', according to the writer of the editorial, was that the range was overcrowded. He claimed there were too few deer and that the Forest Service's liberal bag limit was allowing 'a steady stream of game hogs' from California to destroy 'the greatest deer forest in the world...taking away from future generations the same privelege of fine hunting that we have today.' The writer was wrong - there were too many deer, and they were overbrowsing the forest - but his headline was better than he knew. 'The Kaibab' became a myth (taking 'myth' as a piece of common wisdom, legend, or example, whether true, false, or in-between) - the most durable myth in American forest and game management. It was for two generations the centerpiece for explanations of how deer, hunters, and predators were related, and the repercussions of the debate it guided influence our ideas and policies even Today.^Colorado Plateau, Hunting/fishing/trapping, Species Decline, Wildlife^article^:
^1988^Gordon, Mary McDougall^Gordon, Mary McDougall (1988): Through Indian Country to California: John P. Sherburne's Diary of the Whipple Expedition, 1853-1854. Stanford, Cali-fornia; Stanford University Press. (Ed.)^^Bill Williams River, Colorado River, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Exploration, Indians, Little Colorado River, Surveys^other^:
^1988^Gordon, Mary McDougall (Ed.)^Gordon, Mary McDougall (Ed.) (1988):Through Indian Country to California: John P. Sherburne's Diary of the Whipple Expedition, 1853-1854. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. 285 Pages.^^Bill Williams River, Colorado River, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Exploration, Indians, Little Colorado River, Surveys^book^:
^1988^Graf, William L.^Graf, William L. (Ed.) (1988): The Salt and Gila Rivers in Central Arizona: a Geographic Field Trip Guide. Department of Geography, Arizona State University, Tempe. 180 Pages.^^Gila River, Handbook/field Guide, Salt River^book^:
^1988^Hadley, Diana^Hadley, Diana (1988): First Encounters - Argonauts and Apaches. Paper presented at the Arizona Historical Society Convention (On file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^^Anglos, Apaches, Gila River^other^:
^1988^Halpenny,Leonard C.^Halpenny,Leonard C. (1988):Review of the Hydrogeology of the Santa Cruz Basin in the Vicinity of the Santa Cruz-Pima County Line. Paper presented at the First Annual Conference, Arizona Hydrological Society, Phoenix, Arizona, 16 September, 1988.^"The objective of the investigation was to determine the differences, if any, that might exist between the hydrogeology of the Santa Cruz Basin in Santa Cruz County and in Pima County. Several differences were Found:..."^Geohydrology, Santa Cruz River^other^:
^1988^Hunter, William C.;Ohmart, Robert D.;Anderson, Bertin W.^Hunter, William C., Robert D. Ohmart & Bertin W. Anderson (1988): Use of Exotic Saltcedar (Tamarix chinensis) by Birds in Arid Riparian Systems. Condor 90, 113-123.^"Avian use of saltcedar along the middle Pecos River was compared with similarly collect data along the lower Colorado River and Rio Grande. Use of saltcedar ranked high among all bird groups in all seasons on the middle Pecos River. In contrast, many species do not occur in the saltcedar on the lower Colorado River, while few species winter in saltcedar on the lower Rio Grande. Occurrence of granivores and insectivores during winter in saltcedar on the Pecos River may be explained by seed-producing shrubs and annuals within or adjacent to these habitats. Most breeding birds on the Pecos River are summer visitors. These breeding species, though present, do not occur in saltcedar on the Colorado River despite abundant food resources and occur in intermediate abundances on the Rio Grande. Densities of several summer-visiting insectivores have declined markedly on the Colorado River since the proliferation of saltcedar, whereas they havae remained relatively stable in other river valleys to the east. Biogeographical considerations, specifically elevational (climatic) gradients, are suggested reasons for this Phenomenon."^Birds, Colorado River, Riparian Areas, Saltcedar^article^:
^1988^Introcaso, David M.^Introcaso, David M (1988): Waddell Dam, Maricopa County, Arizona: Photographs, Written Historical & Descriptive Data, Reduced Copies of Drawings. National Park Service, Historic American Building Survey, San Francisco.^^Agua Fria River, Construction, Photos/art, Waddell Dam^book^:
^1988^Jackson, W.;Summers, P.^Jackson, W. & P. Summers (1988): Assessment of Water Resource Conditions in Support of Instream Flow Rights, Bill Williams River, Arizona. U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Phoenix.^^Bill Williams River, Refuges/preserves, Streamflow, Water Supply^book^:
^1988^Matter, W. J.;Mannan, R. W.^Matter, W.J. & R.W. Mannan (1988): Sand and Gravel Pits as Fish and Wildlife Habitat in the Southwest. Resource Publication 171 ed. U.S. Department of Interior, Washington D.c.^^Fish, Habitat, Mining, Wildlife^book^:
^1988^McPherson, E. Gregory;Haip, Renee A.^McPherson, E.Gregory & Renee A. Haip (1988): Tucson Arizona's Urban Vegetation: Past, Present, and Future. In: The City of the 21st Century Conference. (Ed: Pihlak, Madis) Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 87-91. (Proceedings of the Conference)^Imagine Tucson, Arizona as a forest, with an expanse of dense tree canopies shading the city's streets, parks, and homes. Today Tucson's many treeless streets and front yards make it hard to believe that once it claimed to be the garden spot of the southwest. What happened to that tree planting fervor? How can Tucson's arboreal legacy influence current decisions to promote a more livable city in the 21st century? This paper reports on preliminary findings that trace the evolution of Tucson's urban forest. Factors that influenced vegetation change are discussed, and specific design recommendations for the Ecological Landscape of the 21st century are Presented.^Exotic Species, Native Species, Tucson, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1988^Myers, John L.;Gryda, Robert^Myers, John L. & Robert Gryda (1988): The Salt River Pima Maricopa Indians: Legends, Reflections, History and Future. Life's Reflections, Phoenix. 160 Pages.^^Gila River, History, Legends, Salt River, Salt River Pima Maricopa Indians^book^:
^1988^Ohmart, Robert D.;Anderson, Bertin W.;Hunter, William C.^Ohmart, Robert D, Bertin W. Anderson & William C. Hunter. (1988): The Ecology of the Lower Colorado River From Davis Dam to the Mexico-United States Boundary: A Community Profile. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Report 85(7.19).^^Colorado River, Davis Dam, Ecology, Mexico-arizona Boundary^other^:
^1988^Putman, Frank;Mitchell, Kim;Bushner, Greg^Putman, Frank, Kim Mitchell & Greg Bushner (1988): Water Resources of the Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona. Arizona Department of Water Resources, Hydrology Division, Phoenix.^^San Pedro River, Water Supply^book^:
^1988^Schmid, M. K.;Rogers, G. F.^Schmid, M.K. & G.F. Rogers (1988): Trends in Fire Occurrence in the Arizona Upland Subdivision of the Sonoran Desert, 1955-1983. The Southwestern Naturalist 33, 437-444.^^Fire, Sonoran Desert, Uplands^article^:
^1988^Sedell, J. R. et al.^Sedell, J.R. et al. (1988): What We Know About Large Trees That Fall Into Streams and Rivers. In: From the Forest to the Sea: A Story of Fallen Trees. (Ed: Maser, Chris) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, PNW-GTR-229.) Pacific North-west Experiment Station, 47-81.^^Forests/woodlands, Geomorphology, Woody Debris^chapter^:
^1988^Sheridan, Thomas E.^Sheridan, Thomas E. (1988): Kino's Unforeseen Legacy: The Material Consequences of Missionization. The Smoke Signal 49 & 50(& Fall Spring), 150-167.^One of the tragedies of history is its eternal incompleteness. No matter how many documnets we read or records we peruse, anthropologists, historians, and other social scientists interested in the study of the past always come face to face with the past's ultimate muteness and mystery. Even in literate societies, the conventional documentary records belong to those in power; rarely do they discuss the lives of working-class men and women or ethnic minorities. And when we move away from literate societies, when we attempt to investigate past ways of life among people who left no written records themselves, problems of interpretation almost overwhelm us. Nevertheless, there are no 'poeple without history, ' only historians who have not yet figured out how to read the signs the people left behind: Mayan hieroglyphics, Tohono O'odham calendar sticks, the testimony of bone and stone and broken pottery. To understand the past, then, we must conceive and develop a historiography that is not enslaved by the written record: one that utilizes the tools of deomgraphy, ecology, linguistics, and anthroplogy as well. Only then can we begin to glimpse the complexity of past societies overlooked by conventional Chroniclers.^Environmental Change, Human Impact, Missions, Spanish, Tohono O'odham^article^:
^1988^Stanley, Gary E.^Stanley, Gary E. (1988): Man, Water and The Arizona/Sonora Border: The Current Situation and the Growing Need for Management. School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Environmental Change, Human Impact, San Pedro River, U.s.-mexico Border^book^:
^1988^Stevens, Joseph E.^Stevens, Joseph E. (1988): Hoover Dam: An American Adventure. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Colorado River, Hoover Dam^book^:
^1988^Thrapp, D. L.^Thrapp, D.L. (1988): Encyclopedia of Frontier Biography. The Arthur H. Clark Co., Glendale, California. (4 Volumes)^^Anglos, Anthology/proceedings, Biography, Exploration^book^:
^1988^U.S. Bureau of Land Management^U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (1974): Upper Gila River Project. Bureau of Reclamation, Washington, D. C.^^Ecology, Refuges/preserves, San Pedro River^book^:
^1988^U.S. Department of the Interior^U.S. Geological Survey (1954): Compilation of Records of Surface Waters of the United States Through September 1950 - part 9, Colorado River Basin. (U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper, No. 1313.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. 749 Pages.^^Colorado River, Ecosystems, Glen Canyon Dam, Human Impact, Recreation, Vegetation^book^:
^1988^Waters, Michael R.^Waters, Michael R. (1988): Holocene Alluvial Geology and Geoarchaeology of the San Xavier Reach of the Santa Cruz River, Arizona. Geological Society of America Bulletin 100(April), 479-491.^The 15-km segment of the Santa Cruz River, traversing the San Xavier Indian Reservation, near Tucson, Arizona, has undergone major environmental changes during the past 8, 000 yr. The Holocene alluvial sequence for this segment, called the 'San Xavier reach' of the Santa Cruz River, shows three major episodes: aggradation until 8000 yr. B.P. by a braided stream; channel erosion from 8000 to 5500 yr. B.P. and subsequent vertical aggradation of the flood plain, punctuated by short periods of arroyo Cutting...^Archaeology, Erosion, Geology, Geomorphology, Hohokam, San Xavier, Santa Cruz River^article^:
^1988^Wills, Wirt Henry^Wills, Wirt Henry (1988): Early Prehistoric Agriculture in the American Southwest. School of America Research Press, Santa Fe, Nm.^^Agriculture, Indians^book^:
^1988^Wilson, R. P.^Wilson, R.P. (1988): Water Resources of the Northern Part of the Agua Fria Area, Yavapai County, Arizona. (Arizona Water Commission Bulletin, No. 5.) Arizona Water Commission, Phoenix. 109 Pages.^^Agua Fria River, Water Supply, Yavapai County^book^:
^1987^Allen, Marion V.^Allen, Marion V. (1987): Rio Colorado and Parker Dam. River City Printing and Publishing, Redding, CA. 145 Pages.^^Colorado River, Parker Dam^book^:
^1987^Anderson, L. S.;Ruffner, G. A.^Anderson, L.S. & G.A. Ruffner (1987): Effects of the Post-Glen Canyon Dam Flow Regime on the Old High-Water Line Plant Community Along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. (Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Technical Report.) U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Salt Lake City.^^Colorado River, Geomorphology, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1987^Bahre, Conrad J.^Bahre, Conrad J. (1987): Wild Hay Harvesting in Southern Arizona: A Casualty of the March of Progress. Journal of Arizona History 28, 69-78.^^Agriculture, Wild Hay Harvesting^article^:
^1987^Beard, C. D.^Beard, C.D. (1987): People and Their Environments. Paper presented at the Arizona Historical Society Convention (On file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^^Environmental Change, Human Impact, Verde River^other^:
^1987^Brown, Bryan T.^Brown, Bryan T. (1987): Fluctuating Flows From Glen Canyon Dam and Their Effect on Breeding Birds of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona. (Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Technical Report.) U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Salt Lake City. 87 Pages.^^Birds, Colorado River, Environmental Change, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon, Streamflow^book^:
^1987^Brown, F. Lee;Ingram, Helen M.^Brown, F. Lee & Helen M. Ingram (1987): Water and Poverty in the Southwest. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 226 Pages.^^Tohono O'odham, Water Management, Water Supply^book^:
^1987^Bufkin, Don;Holub, H. A.^Bufkin, Don & H.A. Holub (1987): The Santa Cruz River in Pima County. Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^"The intent of this report is to examine the history of the Santa Cruz River from its first discovery by Europeans in 1691 to the time of statehood for Arizona (February 14, 1912), a period of more than two centuries. For the great majority of that period, the Santa Cruz River Valley was thinly populated and often under the threat of Apache attack. The specific purpose of this examination is to review primary and secondary sources in order to identify and document the physical state of the river and the various uses that have been made of the river during the period studied. This report has been prepared in conjunction with the legal analysis of the navigability status of the river circa 1912 by Mr. Hugh A. Holub, attorney at Law."^History, Human Impact, Intermittent Streams, Pima County, San Xavier, Santa Cruz River, Urbanization, Water Loss, Water Supply^other^:
^1987^Canty, J. Michael; Greeley, Micahel N. (Eds.)^Canty, J. Michael; Greeley, Micahel N. (Eds.) (1987):History of Mining in Arizona. Vol. I. Mining Club of the Southwest Foundation & American Institute of Mining Engineers, Tucson Section, with Southwestern Minerals Exploration Association, Tucson. 279 Pages.^^Bill Williams River, History, Mining^book^:
^1987^Chawkins, Steve^Chawkins, Steve (1987): Lake Mead Recreation Area. In: Lake Mead and Lake Mohave Recreation Guide. Aquamaps, Inc., Denver, 5-6.^^Colorado River, Lake Mead, Maps, Recreation^chapter^:
^1987^Christenson, Andrew L.^Christenson, Andrew L. (1987): The Last of the Great Expeditions: The Rainbow Bridge/Monument Valley Expedition 1933-1938. Plateau 58(4).^From the days of those first European explorers, who brought back incredible tales of western wonders, to the military and scientific forays of the 1870's and on into the private scientific expeditions of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, expeditions have always been synonymous with adventure. The Rainbow Bridge-Monument Valley Expedition of the 1930s was, in many ways, the last of these 'great' expeditions - large in scale, broad in scope, and romantic in inspiration. The Navajo Country of northern Arizona and southern Utah was part of the last terra incognita (at least to white men) in the American West. The antrhopologists, geologists, and biologists who ventured into this harsh land certainly experienced their share of adventure. More importantly, they added to our store of knowledge about man, his history, and his environment. This is their Story.^Colorado River, Exploration, Glen Canyon^article^:
^1987^Claridge, Eleanor P.^Claridge, Eleanor P. (1987): Klondyke and the Aravaipa Canyon. D&M Kopy Kat Printing, Safford.^^Aravaipa Creek, Biography, History^book^:
^1987^Clark, S.^Clark, S. (1987): Potential For Use of Cottonwoods as Indicators of Past Floods. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ecological Aspects of Tree-Ring Analysis. U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D. C., 243-248.^^Anthology/proceedings, Cottonwood-willow Forests, Floods, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1987^Coor, C. B.^Coor, C.B. (1987): Down on the Blue. Valley West Printing, Goodyear, Arizona.^^Biography, Blue River, History, Settlement^book^:
^1987^Delaney, Robert W.^Delaney, Robert W. (1987): The Modification of Land Use by Plant Introduction: The Spanish Experience. Journal of the West (July), 26-33.^^Exotic Species, Land Use, Missions, Native Species, Spanish^article^:
^1987^Dill, Jr, David B.^Dill, Jr., David B. (1987): Terror on the Hassayampa: The Walnut Grove Dam Disaster of 1890. Journal of Arizona History (Autumn), 283-306.^^Dam Collapse, Hassayampa River, Walnut Grove Dam^article^:
^1987^Hanna, David C.;Kupel, Douglas E.^Hanna, David C. & Douglas E. Kupel (1987): The San Xavier Archaeological Project. Cultural & Environmental Systems, Inc., Tucson, Arizona. (Southwest Cultural Series No. 1, Vol. II)^This section of the report presents an overview of archaeological and historical research pertaining to the Tucson Basin, southern Arizona, northern Sonora and the Southwest culture area at large. It was developed explicitly as a resource to be used in describing, analyzing and evaluating the scientific, ethnic, historic and public significance of the cultural resources within the San Xavier Archaeological Project (SXAP) area. In addition, the overview was designed as an adjunct to the project's research design (see Section IV, this report), which draws upon it in defining problem Domains.^Archaeology, Hohokam, San Xavier, Santa Cruz River, Tohono O'odham, Tucson^book^:
^1987^Hereford,Richard^Hereford,Richard (1987):Upper Holocene Alluvium of the Southern Colorado Plateau: A Field Guide. In: Geologic Diversity of Arizona and its Margins: Excursions to Choice Areas. (Eds: Davis,G. H.; VandendDolder,E. M.) (Special Paper, No. 5.) Arizona Bureau of Geology and Mineral Technology, Tucson, 53-67.^^Colorado Plateau, Geology^chapter^:
^1987^Heuett, Mary Lou;Miller, Skip;Betancourt, Julio L.;Stafford, Jr, Thomas W.^Heuett, Mary Lou, Skip Miller, Julio L. Betancourt & Thomas W. Stafford, Jr. (1987): The San Xavier Archaeological Project. (Southwest Cultural Series, No. 1, Vol. 1.) Cultural & Environmental Systems, Inc., Tucson, Arizona.^"The staff of Cultural & Environmental Systems, Inc. (C&ES), conducted a Class III archaeological survey of 18, 729 acres (7491.6 hectares) of the San Xavier District of the Tohono O'odham (Papago) Indian Reservation, Pima County, Arizona, from July 1983 through April 1984. The San Xavier Archaeological Project (SXAP) was conducted on both tribal and allotted, federal trust lands. Santa Cruz Properties, Inc., (SCP), a private development firm based in Palm Springs, California, proposes to lease federal trust lands to build a planned community of 100, 000 people. The Class III survey was undertaken as part of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the proposed project. The purpose of the survey was fourfold: to locate and identify the extent of the cultural resources; to ascertain their structure, content, variability, inter- and intra-site relationships and their environmental context; to asses potential impacts to the cultural resources by the proposed San Xavier/Tucson Planned Community; and to provide a management Plan."^Archaeology, San Xavier, Santa Cruz River, Tohono O'odham^book^:
^1987^Huckell, Bruce^Huckell, Bruce (1987): Agriculture and Late Archaic Settlements in the River Valleys of Southeastern Arizona. In: Proceedings of the Hohokam Symposium. (Eds: Ditter, Jr., Alfred E. & D.E. Dove) Archaeological Society, Phoenix.^^Agriculture, Cochise County, Indians, Pima County, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz County, Santa Cruz River^chapter^:
^1987^Humphrey, Robert R.^Humphrey, Robert R. (1987): 90 Years and 535 Miles: Vegetation Changes Along the Mexican Border. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.^Description of the San Pedro River and vegetation changes near It.^Environmental Change, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, U.s.-mexico Border, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1987^Hunter, William C.;Ohmart, Robert D.;Anderson, Bertin W.^Hunter, William C., Robert D. Ohmart & Bertin W. Anderson (1987): Status of Breeding Riparian-Obligate Birds in Southwestern Riverine Systems. Western Birds 18, 10-18.^^Birds, Ecosystems, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1987^Jackson, William;Martinez, Tony;Cuplin, Paul;Minckley, W. L.;Shelby, Bo;Summers, Paul;McGlothlin, Dan;Van Haveren, Bruce^Jackson, William, Tony Martinez, Paul Cuplin, W.L. Minckley, Bo Shelby, Paul Summers, Dan McGlothlin & Bruce Van Haveren (1987): Assessment of Water Conditions and Management Opportunities in Support of Riparian Values: BLM San Pedro River Properties, Arizona; Project Completion Report. Bureau of Land Management, Denver. 180 Pages.^^San Pedro River, Vegetation, Water Quality, Water Supply, Wildlife^book^:
^1987^Kunzman, Michael R.;Johnson, R. Roy;Bennett, Peter S.^Kunzman, Michael R., R. Roy Johnson & Peter S. Bennett (Eds.) (1987): Tamarisk Control in Southwestern United States. (Proceedings of the Conference) (Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit Special Report, No. 9.).^"These proceedings contain the results of a saltcedar conference that was organized by the Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit/University of Arizona (CPSU/UA), and held at the Western Archeological and Conservation center in Tucson, Ariozna, on September 2 and 3, 1987. This conference was the third of three planning meetings held in Tucson, to discuss research management efforts with this important Plant."^Anthology/proceedings, Saltcedar, Vegetation Removal^book^:
^1987^Larkin, G. J.^Larkin, G.J. (1987): Factors Influencing Distribution and Regeneration of Riparian Species Along Mountain Streams in Central Arizona. Arizona State University, Tempe. (MS Thesis)^^Mountains, Riparian Areas, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1987^Leake,Harvey; Topping,Gary^Leake,Harvey; Topping,Gary (1987):The Bernheimer Explorations in Forbidding Canyon. Utah Historical Quarterly 55(2, Fall), 137-166.^^Boats, Colorado River, Glen Canyon^article^:
^1987^Mitchell, J. E.;Hart, R. H.^Mitchell, J.E. & R.H. Hart (1987): Winter of 1886-87: The Death Knell of Open Range. Rangelands 8, 3-8.^^Cattle, Climate, Grazing^article^:
^1987^Parkman, I. H.^Parkman, I.H. (1987): History of the Buckeye Canal. Buckeye Irrigation Co.^^Canals, History, Phoenix, Salt River^book^:
^1987^Pearthree, M. S.;Baker, V. R.^Pearthree, M.S. & V.R. Baker (1987): Channel Change Along the Rillito Creek System of South-eastern Arizona, 1941-1983. (Arizona Geological Survey Special Paper, No. 6.) Geological Survey, Tucson. 58 Pages.^^Channel Change, Rillito^book^:
^1987^Powell, Bernard W.^Powell, Bernard W. (1987): Were These America's First Ecologists? Journal of the West 26(3), 17-25.^American Indians have been greatly romanticized and misrepresented by the Whites who displaced them across this Continent. Two distorted views of the Indian date at least to the late nineteenth century, when they were noted in guilt complexes of Americans by early psychiatrists of the Vienna School.^Ecology, Indians^article^:
^1987^Reilly,P. T.^Reilly,P. T. (1987):Norman Nevills: Whitewater Man of the West. Utah Historical Quarterly 55(2), 181-200.^"Norman Daview Nevills was not the first commercial operator on the Coloardo River and he was not a native of Utah, but he popularized the running of western whitewater and made Mexcian Hat, Utah, - population less than ten - the capital of the river runner's world during the 1940s."^Boats, Colorado River^article^:
^1987^Riley, C. L.^Riley, C.L. (1987): The Frontier People: The Greater Southwest in the Protohistoric Period. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.^^Archaeology, Exploration, History, Human Impact, Settlement^book^:
^1987^Rodgers, James B.^Rodgers, James B. (1987): Studies Along the Lower Agua Fria River: The Eastwing Site and the Marinette Canal. The Museum of Northern Arizona Press, Flagstaff, Arizona.^Two sites, one prehistoric and one historic, situated northwest of Phoenix and in the south-central part of Arizona, are discussed. Limited field excavation and archival research reveal that the historic site, the Marinette Canal (NA18, 267), built in 1910, may have been fed by well water, local runoff, and the seasonal flow of the Agua Fria River. It heads along Calderwood Butte and extends almost 10 km southward toward the present community of Sun City, Arizona. The prehistoric site, the Eastwing site, is a late Colonial-early Sedentary Hohokam village situated across an old stream terrace of the lower Agua Fria River Valley. This site was initially established and subsequently maintained by cultivating corn in an adjacent akchin field and exploiting a wide variety of locally available biotic and abiotic resources. The abandonment of this agricultural villge is hypothesized to correlate with a climatic shift to xeric conditions and a corresponding emphasis on canal irrigation systems, which characterize the agricultural activity of the northern Salt River Valley between about A.D. 1000 and A. D. 1250.^Agua Fria River, Archaeology, Canals, Hohokam, Salt River^book^:
^1987^Scott, Jeanne^Scott, Jeanne (1987): Reserve Begins Transfor-rmation from Ranching Area. The Wickenburg Sun (March 26), 8-11, 17.^Talks about the Hassayampa River Preserve, how it started, history of the area, Etc.^Hassayampa River, History, Refuges/preserves, Restoration^article^:
^1987^Smith, D. A.^Smith, D.A. (1987): Mining America: The Industry and the Environment, 1800-1900. Kansas University Press, Lawrence.^^Environmental Change, Human Impact, Mining^book^:
^1987^Smith,Melvin T.^Smith,Melvin T. (1987):Before Powell: Exploration of the Colorado River. Utah Historical Quarterly 55(2, Fall), 105-119.^"This is not a study of the Colorado River itself, but rather an examination of those portions of the Green and Colorado rivers later navigated by John Wesley Powell and his crew in 1869. It is a brief look at the pre-Powell history of the river through the Indians, the Spaniards, the fur trappers, the miners, merchants, Mormons, and the military and government surveyors, and an evaluation of those early explorers as makers and recorders of western History."^Colorado River, Exploration, History^article^:
^1987^Taylor, Z.^Taylor, Z. (1987): Reflections on the Past as it Rolled Along. Humboldt Publishing, Humboldt, Arizona.^^Anglos, Biography, Verde River^book^:
^1987^Topping,Gary^Topping,Gary (1987):Charles Kelly's Glen Canyon Ventures and Adventures. Utah Historical Quarterly 55(2, Fall), 120-136.^^Boats, Colorado River, Glen Canyon^article^:
^1987^Van Devender, Thomas R. et al.^Van Devender, Thomas R. et al. (1987): Vegetation History of the Deserts of Southwestern North America; The Nature and Timing of the Late Wisconsin-Holocene Transition. In: North America and Adja-cent Oceans During the Last Deglaciation. (Eds: Ruddington, W.F. & H.E. Wright) Geological Society of America, Boulder, 323-352.^^Climate, Paleobotany, Plant Geography, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1987^Waren, C.^Waren, C. (1987): Travelers' Impressions of Arizona Along the Gila Trail. Paper presented at the Arizona Historical Society Convention (On file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^^Anglos, Gila River, Travel^other^:
^1987^Way, T. E.^Way, T.E. (1987): Bill Williams Mountain Man. Golden West, Phoenix, Arizona.^^Anglos, Bill Williams River, Biography, Exploration, Hunting/fishing/trapping, San Francisco Mountains^book^:
^1987^Webb,Roy^Webb,Roy (1987):"Les Voyageurs sans Trace" - The DeColmont-DeSeyne Kayak Party of 1938. Utah Historical Quarterly 55(2, Fall), 167-180.^^Boats, Colorado River^article^:
^1987^Wilbur-Cruce, E. A.^Wilbur-Cruce, E.A. (1987): A Beautiful Cruel Country. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Ranching, Santa Cruz County, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1987^Wilkin, D. C.;Galante, J. C.^Wilkin, D.C. & J.C. Galante (1987): Land Use History: Upper San Pedro River Valley. School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.^The Upper San Pedro River Valley has been occupied by man since about 13000 B.C. During that time many changes have occurred in the valley some of which are coincidental to human settlement and some of which are a direct result of man's occupancy and use of the land. The land use, development, and human occupancy of the Upper San Pedro River Valley has been affected by the interaction of the landscape, antural occurrences, and man. Some of the events and periods that most significantly impacted the valley are listed below. 1.) The most critical period of change was from 1870-1900 during which time the valley experienced both a mining based and cattle based economy. The landscape was altered due to the denudation of the woodlands, overgrazing, and weather. Vegetation patterns were altered to those resembling todays, the river became channeled, and water patterns changed due to the 1887 earthquake. 2.) The enactment of the 1934 Taylor Grazing Act sealed the fate of the free range accelerating the trend toward large land holdings. Conservation of rangelands was recognized as important. 3.) Fort Huachuca became a permanent base in 1954 and the economic base of the valley began to shift from a cattle to an urban economy. Small tract developments became important and land use patterns changed. 4.) Predictions point toward a more urban economy based on Fort Huachuca, tourism, manufacturing and the development of retirement type Communities.^Cattle, Channel Change, Fort Huachuca, Land Use, Mining, San Pedro River, Urbanization, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1987^Willson, Roscoe G.^Willson, Roscoe G. (1987): Pioneer Cattlemen of Arizona. Valley, Phoenix. (2 Volumes)^^Biography, Ranching^book^:
^1987^Wilson, John P.^Wilson, John P. (1987): Islands in the Desert: A History of the Upland Areas of Southeast Arizona. United States Forest Service, Las Cruces, Nm.^^Chiricahuas, Mountains, Sky Islands, Uplands^book^:
^1986^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Anderson, Bertin W. & Robert D. Ohmart (1986): Evaluation of the Impact of Vegetation Removal, Final Report. Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nevada.^^Human Impact, Vegetation Removal^book^:
^1986^Bailey, G.;Bailey Roberta G.^Bailey, G. & Roberta G. Bailey (1986): A History of the Navajos. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, Nm.^^History, Navajos^book^:
^1986^Baldwin, Anne R.^Baldwin, Anne R. (1986): Walnut Creek National Monument: an Archaeological Survey: Archaeological Investigations in the Walnut Creek Drainage, North Central Arizona. Western Archaeological and Conservation Center, Publications in Anthropology 39, Tucson. 200 Pages.^^Archaeology, Refuges/preserves, San Francisco Mountains, Sinagua Culture, Surveys, Walnut Canyon^book^:
^1986^Batman, Richard^Batman, Richard (1986): American Ecclesiastes; James Pattie's West: The Dream and the Reality. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Beaver, Exploration, Hunting/fishing/trapping^book^:
^1986^Bock, C. E.;Bock, J. H.;Jepson, K. L.;Ortega, J. C.^Bock, C.E., J.H. Bock, K.L. Jepson & J.C. Ortega (1986): Ecological Effects of Planting African Love-Grasses in Arizona. National Geographic Research 2, 456-463.^"The impact of planting African love-grass on rangelands in southern Arizona is Described."^Environmental Change, Exotic Species, Grasses^article^:
^1986^Brown, Bryan T.;Carothers, Steven W.;Johnson, R. Roy^Brown, Bryan T., Steven W. Carothers & R.Roy Johnson (1986): Grand Canyon Birds: Historical Notes, Natural History, and Ecology. (On file at Tucson Audubon Library) University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Birds, Colorado River, Grand Canyon^book^:
^1986^Buskirk, Winfred^Buskirk, Winfred (1986): The Western Apache, Living With the Land Before 1950. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Apaches, Ethnoecology^book^:
^1986^Cable, John R.;Doyel, David E.^Cable, John R. & David E. Doyel (1986): The Archaeology of Swillings' Ditch: Phoenix' First Historic Canal. City of Phoenix Aviation Department, Phoenix.^^Anglos, Archaeology, Canals, Salt River^book^:
^1986^Cox, W. E.^Cox, W.E. (1986): Guides to Collections, No. 4; Guide to the Field Reports of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Circa 1860-1961. Archives and Special Collections of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 200 Pages.^^Bibliography, Endangered Species, Wildlife^book^:
^1986^Crawford,J. L.^Crawford,J. L. (1986):Zion Albun: A Nostalgic History of Zion Canyon. Zion Natural History Association, Springdale, Utah. 87 pages.^"Here is presented a representative selection of some priceless mementoes of Zion National Park's past. They are reproductions of the 'lantern slides' that were used in the park naturalists' illustrated talks before the advent of color photography. There's quite a story behind the slides and this book, and I guess you could say my part in it began on January 5, 1914."^Colorado River, Exploration, History^book^:
^1986^Dart, Allen^Dart, Allen (1986): Sediment Accumulation Along Hohokam Canals. The Kiva 51(2), 63-84.^"Low ridges of sediments that mark the courses of prehistoric Hohokam canal systems in the Queen Creek Delta of Arizona have been independently mapped by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service as discrete soil phases. To determine whether soil phase maps might be useful for identifying prehistoric canal systems elsewhere, previously mapped Hohokam canals in the Salt River Valley were compared with government soil phase Maps..."^Archaeology, Canals, Hohokam, Irrigation, Queen Creek, Sedimentation^article^:
^1986^Davis, Jr, Goode P.^Davis, Jr., Goode P. (1986): Man and Wildlife in Arizona: The American Exploration Period 1824-1865. 2nd ed. (Series Eds: Carmony, Neil B. & David E. Brown) Arizona Game and Fish Dept., Phoenix.^"This book is a compilation of the records of encounters with wildlife and habitats contained in the writings of American explorers who visited Arizona from 1824 to 1865. These descriptions of a virgin wilderness provide a benchmark with which later observtions can be compared and subsequent changes in the biota and landscapes thus be determined...The literature from the Spanish exploration period is not reviewed Here."^Anthology/proceedings, Exploration, Human Impact, Wildlife^book^:
^1986^Davis, Owen K.;Turner, Raymond M.^Davis, Owen K. & Raymond M. Turner (1986): Palynological Evidence for the Historic Expansion of Juniper and Desert Shrubs in Arizona, U.S.A. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 49, 177-193.^Analysis of the sediment of Pecks Lake, Yavapai County, Arizona, has permitted the first reported palynological evidence for the historic expansion of juniper and desert shrubs in the American Southwest. The palynological evidence is supported by the comparison of modern and historical photographs, which shows the regional expansion of pinyon-juniper woodland, and the local increase of mesquite and creosote bush. A gradual increase in juniper pollen percentages began over 2000 years ago, but the rate of increase abruptly accelerated after the historic introduction of grazing animals. In contrast, juniper percentages did not increase during a prehistoric interval of intense disturbance by humans, about A.D. 1200, and a different weed flora was present. Prehistorically, water depth was greatest at ca. 600 B.C. and was lowest just prior to the arrival of Europeans. Regional climate has gradually cooled since the beginning of the record at 2630 B.p.^Paleobotany, Pollen, Vegetation Change, Yavapai County^article^:
^1986^Etter, P. A. (Ed.)^Etter, P. A. (Ed.) (1986):An American Odyssey: The Autobiography of a 19th-Century Scotsman, Robert Brownlee. University of Arkansas Press, Fayeteville, AR. (Original (1897) held by Arkansas Territorial Restoration, Little Rock. Typescript copy in the Bancroft Library (From Hadley, D. and T. Sheridan, 1995))^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, Exploration, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1986^Fuller, Jonathan;Roberts, Larry^Fuller, Jonathan & Larry Roberts (1986): A Paleohydrologic Reconstruction of the October 1983 Flood Discharge of Aravaipa Creek, Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Aravaipa Creek, Floods, Paleohydrology^book^:
^1986^Haury, Loren R.^Haury, Loren R. (1986): Zooplankton of the Colo-rado River, Glen Canyon Dam to Diamond Creek. Grand Canyon Environmental Studies Report B-10, 59 Pages.^^Aquatic Biota, Colorado River, Glen Canyon Dam, Invertebrates^other^:
^1986^Herbel, C. H.^Herbel, C.H. (1986): Vegetation Changes on Arid Rangeland of the Southwestern United States. Cambridge University, Cambridge.^^Grasslands, Grazing, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1986^Herbert, Harold E.;Campbell, Erick^Herbert, Harold E. & Erick Campbell (1986): Time Line/Social History of the Upper San Pedro River Valley (1540-1986). Cochise County Historical and Archaeological Society, Douglas, Arizona.^^Chronology, Cochise County, History, San Pedro River^book^:
^1986^Hobbs, Richard J.;Streit, Bruno^Hobbs, Richard J. & Bruno Streit (1986): Heavy Metal Concentrations in Plants Growing on a Copper Mine Spoil in the Grand Canyon, Arizona. The American Midland Naturalist 115, 277-281.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Human Impact, Mining, Vegetation, Water Quality^article^:
^1986^Hoffmeister, Donald Frederick^Hoffmeister, Donald Frederick (1986): Mammals of Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Tucson.^^Handbook/field Guide, Mammals^book^:
^1986^Introcaso, David M.^Introcaso, David M (1986): Coolidge Dam, Maricopa County, Arizona: Photographs, Written Historical & Descriptive Data, Reduced Copies of Drawings. National Park Service, Historic American Building Survey, San Francisco.^^Construction, Coolidge Dam, Gila River, Photos/art^book^:
^1986^Klett, Mark;University of Arizona Foundation;Arizona Commission on the Arts^Klett, Mark, University of Arizona Foundation & Arizona Commission on the Arts (1986): Central Arizona Project Photo Survey. Center for Creative Photography, Tucson. 48 Pages.^^Central Arizona Project, Construction, Photos/art^book^:
^1986^Kupel, Douglas Edward^Kupel, Douglas Edward (1986): Diversity Through Adversity: Tucson Basin Water Control Since 1854. (Microfiche: Ann Arbor, Michigan, University Microfilms International) University of Arizona, Tucson. (M.a.thesis)^^Water Management^book^:
^1986^Mack, R. N.^Mack, R.N. (1986): Alien Plant Invasion into the Intermountain West: A Case History. In: Ecology of Biological Invasions of North America and Hawaii. (Eds: Mooney, Harold A. & James A. Drake) Springer Verlag, New York, 191-209. (Ecology of Biological Invasions of North America and Hawaii; Mooney, Harold A.; Drake, James A.; New York; Springer-Verlag; 191-209)^^Exotic Species, Place Names, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1986^Martin, S. C.^Martin, S.C. (1986): 80 Years of Vegetation Change on a Semi-Desert Range in Southern Arizona, USA, and Evaluation of Causes. (Proceedings of the 2nd International Range Congress) Cambridge Unive-rsity, Cambridge.^^Grasslands, Grazing, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1986^McCroskey, M.^McCroskey, M. (1986): The Great Ferry War of 1905 and Other Nautical Adventures. Paper presented at the Arizona Historical Society Convention (on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson).^^Ferries, Gila River^other^:
^1986^McGavock, E. H.;Anderson, T. W.;Moosburner, Otto;Mann, L. J.^McGavock, E.H., T.W. Anderson, Otto Moosburner & L.J. Mann (1986): Water Resources of Southern Coconino County, Arizona. (Arizona Water Commission Bulletin, No. 4.) Arizona Water Commission, Phoenix. 53 Pages.^^Coconino County, Water Supply^book^:
^1986^Mooney, H. A.;Drake, James A.^Mooney, H.A. & James A. Drake (Eds.) (1986): Ecology of Biological Invasions of North America and Hawaii. Springer-Verlag, New York.^^Ecology, Exotic Species, Plant Geography^book^:
^1986^Moyle, P. B.^Moyle, P.B. (1986): Fish Introductions into North America: Patterns and Ecological Impact. In: Ecology of Biological Invasions of North America and Hawaii. (Eds: Mooney, Harold A. & James A. Drake) Springer-Verlag, New York, 27-35.^^Environmental Change, Exotic Species, Fish^chapter^:
^1986^Neilson, R. P.^Neilson, R.P. (1986): High-Resolution Climatic Analysis and Southwestern Biogeography. Science 232, 27-34.^^Biogeography, Climate^article^:
^1986^Newell, A. S.;Clow, R. L.;Ellis, R. N.^Newell, A.S. R.L Clow. & R.N. Ellis (1986): A Forest Trust: Three-Quarters of a Century of Indian Forestry, 1910-1986. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Washington, D. C.^^Forests/woodlands, Human Impact, Indians, Logging^book^:
^1986^Olson, Thomas E.;Knopf, Fritz L.^Olson, Thomas E. & Fritz L. Knopf (1986): Naturalization of Russian-Olive in the Western United States. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 1(3, July), 65-69.^"Since its introduction into the United States, Russian-olive has escaped cultivation at many locations. This exotic tree is now present in every western state, especially within riparian zones. The species has high value for wildlife, but can interfere with agricultural practices and has the potential to displace native riparian Trees.^Russian Olive^article^:
^1986^Phillips, Jr, David A.;Breternitz, Cory Dale^Phillips, Jr, David A. & Cory Dale Breternitz (1986): Archaeology of the Ak-Chin Indian Community West Side Farms Project: Research Design. (Series Eds: Phillips, Jr, David A., Cory Dale Breternitz & W.Bruce Masse. Soil Systems Publications in Archaeology, Number 9, Volume 1.) Soil Systems, Phoenix.^"This volume, based on a technical proposal by Soil Systems, Inc. and New World Research, Inc., describes the research orientation and basic field and laboratory methods to be used during the Ak Chin Archaeological Data Recovery Project. The project is designed to study the cultural resources of the western half of the Ak Chin Community's lands, which are scheduled for intensive agricultural development using waters from the Central Arizona Project. The volume includes a discussion of the natural and cultural setting of the project (Chapters 1 and 2), with an emphasis on the Hohokam and historic Papago occupation documented during a prior survey of the area. A problem orientation is defined (Chapter 3), in which the basic research them is Ak Chin as a Holocene ecosystem. A fundamental assumption of this research theme is that Ak Chin has been used as a floodwater farming location for many centuries. The project's problem domains and research questions focus on the physical (geomorphological), biological, and cultural subsystems within the Ak Chin ecosystem. The regional implications of the research are also considred to be a basic problem domain. The final chapter describes the project's methodological approach (Chapter 4). After evaluation of the existing sample, a multiple approach to data recovery is defined. This approach includes (1) non-site field studies; (2) site re-recording and surface testing; (3) backhoe testing; (4) excavation; and (5) ethnohistoric research. Basic field and in-house analytical procedures are also discussed. An appendix to the volume includes examples of field forms used during the data recovery Project."^Agriculture, Ak-chin Indian Community, Archaeology, Canals, Hohokam, Surveys, Tohono O'odham^book^:
^1986^Prescott Courier^Prescott Courier (1986): Cherry Creek Mine. Prescott Courier (April 7).^^Bill Williams River, Mining^article^:
^1986^Prescott Courier^Prescott Courier (1986): Gila River Bridge at Florence Built. Prescott Courier (February 27).^^Bridges, Florence, Gila River^article^:
^1986^Pucherelli, M. J.^Pucherelli, M.J. (1986): Evaluation of Riparian Vegetative Trends in the Grand Canyon Using Multitemporal Remote Sensing Techniques. Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Technical Report.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Vegetation Change^other^:
^1986^Salmon, M. H.^Salmon, M.H. (1986): Gila River Odyssey. New Mexico, July.^^Gila River, Travel^article^:
^1986^Salmon, M. H.^Salmon, M.H. (1986): Gila Descending: A Southwestern Journey. High-Lonesome Books, San Lorenzo, New Mexico.^^Description, Gila River, Travel^book^:
^1986^Sheridan, Thomas E.^Sheridan, Thomas E. (1986): Los Tucsonenses: the Mexican Community of Tucson. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Culture, Diaries/memoirs/letters, History, Irrigation, Mexican-american, Santa Cruz River, Spanish, Tucson^book^:
^1986^Stieber, M. T.;Lange, C.^Stieber, M.T. & C. Lange (1986): Augustus Fendler (1813-1883), Professional Plant Collector: Selected Correspondence with George Engelmann. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 73, 520-531.^^Botany, Vegetation^article^:
^1986^Stone, Connie L.^Stone, Connie L. (1986): Deceptive Desolation: Prehistory of the Sonoran Desert in West Central Arizona. (Cultural Resource Series, No. 1.) Bureau of Land Management, AZ State Office, Phoenix.^^Archaeology, Human Impact, Indians, Sonoran Desert^book^:
^1986^Tagg, Martyn D.;Jones, A. T.;Huckell, L. W.^Tagg, Martyn D., A.T. Jones & L.W. Huckell (1986): The Tuzigoot Survey and Three Small Verde Valley Projects. Publications in Antrhopology ed. Western Archaeological and Conservation Center, Tucson. 162 Pages.^^Archaeology, Sinagua Culture, Verde River^book^:
^1986^Todd, Richard L.^Todd, Richard L. (1986): . Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix. 290 Pages.^^Birds, Endangered Species, Wetlands^book^:
^1986^Walker, Henry P.;Bufkin, Don^Walker, Henry P. & Don Bufkin (1986): Historical Atlas of Arizona (Second Edition). University of Oklahoma Press, Norman and London.^^Atlas, History^book^:
^1986^Warren, P. L.;Schwalbe, C. R.^Warren, P.L. & Cecil R. Schwalbe (1986): Lizards Along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park: Possible Effects of Fluctuating River Flows. (Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Technical Report.) U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Washington, D. C.^^Colorado River, Dams, Grand Canyon, Reptiles^book^:
^1986^Warshall, P.^Warshall, P. (1986): The Great Colorado River War. American West 23(september/october).^^Colorado River, Water Supply^article^:
^1985^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Anderson, Bertin W. & Robert D. Ohmart (1985): Habitat Use by Clapper Rails in the Lower Colorado River Valley. Condor 87, 116-125.^Densities of the Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris yumanensis) were determined in marshy situations in the lower Colorado River valley in all seasons. We conducted a study to quantify environmental variables important to rails within censused areas along the 450 km of the lower Colorado River north of Mexico in order to learn more about their year-round habitat requirements. Quantified vegetation variables from 40 marsh areas were subjected to principal components analysis; four principal components collectively accounted for 75 , of the variance. Habitat breadths of rails were broadest in summer and narrowest in winter. Marshes with the highest rail densities in one season tended to have large rail densities year-round. The converse was true for marshes with low densities. In the first of two analyses, 27 of the marshes (each censused monthly for two years) were used to determine rail associations with the vegetation principal components (PCs). Spearman rank correlations of rail densities with PCs revealed that rails were associated primarily with denser marsh vegetation (PC I) at all seasons. This outcome was tested and confirmed with data from 13 marshes censused during summer 1976 that were not included in the first analysis. One reed and two cattail marshes of moderate foliage density consistently had more rails than expected. Size of marsh (2-29 ha) and bank slope into the water were apparently unrelated to density of rails per 10 ha. Censuses from this and unpublished recovery team studies suggest a rail population of about 750 birds for the lower Colorado River north of Mexico.^Birds, Colorado River, Ecosystems, Endangered Species, Habitat, Wetlands^article^:
^1985^Bahre, Conrad J.^Bahre, Conrad J. (1985): Wildfire in Southeastern Arizona Between 1859 and 1890. Desert Plants 7(4), 190-194.^Local newspaper accounts of wildfires in southeastern Arizona between 1859 and 1890 demonstrate that during that period, 1) wildfires were much larger in areal extent, especially in the grasslands, than they are at present; 2) the occurrence of large grassland fires declined after 1882, probably as a result of overgrazing; 3) the cessation of major grassland fires preceded the 'brush invasion' of the 1890s; 4) Amerinds, especially the Apaches, set wildfires; 5) wildfire suppression was favored by the early Anglo settlers; 6) wildfires occurred in all of the major vegetation communities, including desert scrub; and 7) wildfires were fairly frequent.^Fire^article^:
^1985^Bahre, Conrad J.;Hutchinson, Charles F.^Bahre, Conrad J. & Hutchinson, Charles F. (1985): The Impact of Historic Fuelwood Cutting on the Semidesert Woodlands of Southeastern Arizona. Journal of Forest History 29(4, October), 175-186.^During the past century, major vegetation changes have occurred in the semidesert lands of southeastern Arizona. Among the changes have been the introduction of vigorous exotics, local expansion of some natives, clearing of vast acres of scrub desert, modification of the composition of grasslands, alterations in regional fire ecology, and major structural changes in the woodlands. These changes usually are attributed to climatic shifts, cycles in rodent populations, grazing, groundwater withdrawal, and fire suppression. Despite the significance of these agents, the effects of most historic land uses on the vegetation have not been completely identified, nor have the land uses themselves been subjected to detailed analysis. This is remarkable, since most of the documented vegetation changes have occurred in the past one hundred years, the period of greatest influx of Anglo-Americans into the Region.^Exotic Species, Fire, Fuelwood, Grasslands, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1985^Bock, J. H.;Bock, C. E.^Bock, J.H. & C.E. Bock (1985): Patterns of Reproduction in Wright's Sycamore. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, Daivd R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 493-494. (Proceedings of The First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona).^^Restoration, Sycamore Trees, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1985^Brady, Ward;Patton, David R.;Paxson, Jay^Brady, Ward, David R. & Jay Paxson (1985): The Development of Southwestern Riparian Gallery Forests. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 39-43. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^"Riparian gallery forests along two rivers in the southwestern United States are described in a developmental continuum ranging from nursery bar to mature forest. Habitats suitable for tree reproduction are recognizable by their position relative to the active water course. These sites are typically located in overflow channels and receive flow only during floods. Flooding and the subsequent aggradation appear to be the major variables for the natural sequence of development within riparian Stands."^Cottonwood-willow Forests, Gila River, Riparian Areas, San Pedro River, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1985^Branson, F. A.^Branson, F.A. (1985): Vegetation Changes on Western Rangelands. Society For Range Manage-ment, Denver. 76 pages. (Monograph No.^^Grasses, Grazing, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1985^Brown, Bryan T.;Johnson, R. Roy^Brown, Bryan T. & R.Roy Johnson (1985): Glen Canyon Dam, Fluctuating Water Levels, and Ripa-rian Breeding Birds: The Need For Management Compromise on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Manage-ment: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Folliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 76-80. (Proceedings of The First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^Large water releases from Glen Canyon Dam in May and June are harmful to riparian breeding birds along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Nest inundation can be avoided by releasing surplus water at times other than the breeding season. Habitat loss is the most serious long-term threat to riparian Birds.^Birds, Colorado River, Environmental Change, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon^chapter^:
^1985^Brown, David E.^Brown, David E. (1985): The Grizzly in the Southwest: Documentary of an Extinction. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Endangered Species, Extinctions/extirpations, Human Impact, Mammals^book^:
^1985^Brown, David E.^Brown, David E. (1985): Arizona Wetlands and Waterfowl. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^More than twenty years have passed since the Arizona Game and Fish Department published Wesley B. Fleming's 'Migratory Waterfowl in Arizona'. Since that time much has happened and enough learned to prompt another statewide treatment of an ever popular subject. No other form of wildlife has so inspired our imagination and interest as has the waterfowl; no other landscapes are as dynamic and productive as the wetlands. This is especially so in the arid Southwest. This book will attempt to present a general understanding of the character, distribution, and requirements of Arizona's limited wetland resources and the variety of waterfowl that inhabit them. The sequence of wetlands before waterfowl is intentional, although the latter is the thrust of the text. This is to emphasize the fragile base on which our varied waterfowl resources depend. Understanding the interrelationships of plants and animals with their environment is the key to wildlife Enjoyment.^Birds, Wetlands^book^:
^1985^Ceballos-G, Gerardo^Ceballos-G, Gerardo (1985): The Importance of Riparian Habitats for the Conservation of Endangered Mammals in Mexico. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Folliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 96-99. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^An analysis of the status of endangered mammals from Mexico is presented. 47 species are threatened with extinction. Seven (one aquatic and six semiaquatic ones) are confined to riverine ecosystems. The increasing exploitation of their populations and the destruction of riparian habitats is the main threat for the long-term survival of those Species.^Endangered Species, Human Impact, Mammals, Mexico, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1985^Chien, N.^Chien, N. (1985): Changes in River Regime After the Construction of Upstream Reservoirs. Earth Surface Processes and Landform 10, 143-159.^^Dams, Environmental Change, Geomorphology, Streamflow^article^:
^1985^Cummins, Faith;Duncan, Terree;Finley, Fonda;Hamn, S. E.;O'Neil, Jerry;Sanchez, Kitty;Shipman, Jeffrey;Teer, J. F.^Cummins, Faith, Terree Duncan, Fonda Finley, S.E. Hamn, Jerry O'Neil, Kitty Sanchez, Jeffrey Shipman & J.F. Teer (1985): Where the Waters Meet: A 13, 000-Year Adventure Along the Aravaipa. Central Arizona College, Aravaipa Campus, Winkelman, Arizona.^^Agriculture, Aravaipa Creek, Camp Grant, Ethnoecology, History, Indians^book^:
^1985^Davis, Owen K.;Hevly, R. H.;Faust, R.^Davis, Owen K., R.H. Hevly & R. Faust (1985): A Comparison of Historic and Prehistoric Vegetation Change Caused by Man in Central Arizona. AASP Contribution Series 16, 63-75.^^Paleobotany, Pollen, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1985^Dean, Jeffrey S.;Euler, Robert C.;Gumerman, George J.;Plog, Fred;Hevly, Richard H.;Karlstrom, Thor N. V.^Dean, Jeffrey S., Robert C. Euler, George J. Gumerman, Fred Plog, Richard H. Hevly & Thor N.V. Karlstrom (1985): Human Behavior, Demography, and Paleoenvironment on the Colorado Plateaus. American Antiquity 50(3), 537-554.^"Archaeological and peleoenvironmental data are integrated in an investigation of culture change among the Anasazi of the American Southwest by a conceptual model of the interaction among environment, population, and behavior, the major determinants of human adaptive systems. Geological, palynological, and dendrochronological reconstructions of low and high frequency environmental variability coupled with population trends are used to specify periods of regional population-resource stress that should have elicited behavioral responses. Examination of these periods elucidates the range of responses employed and clarifies the adaptive contributions of mobility, shift of settlement location, subsistence mix, exchange, ceremonialism, agricultural intensification, and territoriality. These results also demonstrate the adaptive importance of amplitude, frequency, temporal, spatial, and durational aspect of environmental variability compared to the commonly invoked but simplistic contrast bewtween 'favorable' and 'unfavorable' Conditions."^Anasazi, Colorado River, Environmental Change, Ethnoecology, Little Colorado River, Paleobotany^article^:
^1985^Ditter, Jr, Alfred E.;Dove, D. E.^Ditter, Jr., Alfred E. & D.E. Dove (Eds.) (1985): Proceedings of the Hohokam Symposium. Archaeological Society, Phoenix.^^Anthology/proceedings, Hohokam^book^:
^1985^Ely, L. L.;Baker, V. R.^Ely, L.L. & V.R. Baker (1985): Reconstructing Paleoflood Hydrology with Slackwater Deposits - Verde River, Arizona. Physical Geography 6(2), 103-126.^^Floods, Paleohydrology, Verde River^article^:
^1985^Fenner, Patricia;Brady, Ward;Patton, David R.^Fenner, Patricia, Ward Brady & David R. Patton (1985): Effects of Regulated Water Flows on Regeneration of Fremont Cottonwood. Journal of Range Management 38, 135-138.^^Cottonwood-willow Forests, Dams^article^:
^1985^Fontana, Bernard L.^Fontana, Bernard L. (1985): Ol' Bill Williams. Journal of Arizona History May.^^Anglos, Bill Williams River, Biography, San Francisco Mountains^article^:
^1985^Groeneveld, David P.;Griepentrog, Thomas E.^Groeneveld, David P. & Thomas E. Griepentrog (1985): Interdependence of Groundwater, Riparian Vegetation, and Streambank Stability: A Case Study. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 44-48. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^Groundwater is closely coupled with stream-flow to maintain water supply to riparian vegetation, particularly where precipitation is seasonal. A case study is presented where Mediterranean climate and groundwater extraction are linked with the decline of riparian vegetation and subsequent severe bank erosion on the Carmel River in Carmel Valley, California.^Erosion, Groundwater, Riparian Areas, Vegetation, Water Supply^chapter^:
^1985^Hassler, David W.^Hassler, David W. (1985): Charles O. Cunningham, California-Arizona Pioneer, 1852-1865. Arizona and the West 27(3, Autumn), 253-268.^Hundreds of small-time entrepreneurs contributed to the settlement of the American West. One of the unsung pioneers was Charles Oliver Cunningham. A native of New England, he emigrated to California during the gold rush, was an early settler in Los Angeles County, and eventually drifted to Western Arizona, where he sought his fortune in mining capitalism. Instead, he found a premature grave at the hands of Indians. An energetic, capable, and likeable individual, he contributed significantly to the early political development of Southern California and to economic enterprise in the newly created Arizona Territory. Today, a mountain, a pass, and a wash in La Paz County, Arizona, bear his Name.^Anglos, Biography, Mining^article^:
^1985^Heede, Burchard H.^Heede, Burchard H. (1985): Interactions Between Streamside Vegetation and Stream Dynamics. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 54-57. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^Interrelationships between vegetation and hydrologic processes in riparian ecosystems must be considered by managers before they attempt to alter these natural systems. A 5-year experiment demonstrated that logs that fall across the channel from streamside forests dissipate flow energy, maintain channel stability, decrease bedload movement, and increase water Quality.^Geomorphology, Riparian Areas, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1985^Herbel, C. H.^Herbel, C.H. (1985): Vegetation Changes on Arid Rangelands of the Southwest. Rangelands 7, 19-21.^^Grasses, Grasslands, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1985^Hunter, William C.;Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Hunter, William C., Bertin W. Anderson & Robert D. Ohmart (1985): Summer Avian Community Composition of Tamarix Habitats in Three Southwestern Desert Riparian Systems. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 128-134. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^^Birds, Habitat, Riparian Areas, Saltcedar^chapter^:
^1985^Johnson, R. Roy;Haight, Lois T.^Johnson, R.Roy & Lois T. Haight (1985): Avian Use of Xeroriparian Ecosystems in the North American Warm Deserts. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 156-159. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^Results of xeroriparian avian censuses are compared with paired desert upland censuses for various subdivisions of the Sonoran Desert. With few exceptions xeroriparian habitat supports 5 to 10 times the population densities and species diversity of surrounding desert Uplands.^Birds, Ephemeral Streams, Riparian Areas, Xeroriparian^chapter^:
^1985^Johnson, Robert R.;Ziebell, Charles D.;Patton, David R.;Ffolliott, Peter F.;Hamre, Robert H.^Johnson, Robert R., Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre (Eds.) (1985): Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado. (Proceedings of the Symposium)^"These proceedings contain 105 papers and 12 poster presentations on riparian ecosystems in the southwestern United States and elsewhere in the World."^Ecosystems, Land Use, Riparian Areas^book^:
^1985^Knopf, Fritz L.^Knopf, Fritz L. (1985): Significance of Riparian Vegetation to Breeding Birds Across an Altitudinal Cline. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 105-109. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^^Birds, Habitat, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1985^Krausman, Paul R.;Rautenstrauch, Kurt R.;Leopold, Bruce D.^Krausman, Paul R., Kurt R. Rautenstrauch & Bruce D. Leopold (1985): Xeroriparian Systems Used by Desert Mule Deer in Texas and Arizona. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.R., Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 144-149. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^"We examined desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) occurrance in xeroriparian systems in Arizona and Texas. Most deer in Arizona were located in washes. Most deer in Texas were located between washes. Xeroriparian areas are important habitat components for desert mule when they provide forage, thermal cover and travel Lanes."^Ephemeral Streams, Habitat, Mammals, Xeroriparian^chapter^:
^1985^Krueger, H. O.;Anderson, S. H.^Krueger, H.O. & S.H. Anderson (1985): The Use of Cattle as a Management Tool for Wildlife in Shrub-Willow Riparian Systems. In: Riparian Eco-systems and Their Management: Reconciling Con-flicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^Cattle can have a beneficial effect on wildlife in high elevation riparian systems by creating tunnels throughout the habitat. These tunnels frequently serve as escape Routes.^Anthology/proceedings, Cattle, Riparian Areas, Shrubs, Wildlife^chapter^:
^1985^Lowe, Charles H.^Lowe, Charles H. (1985): Amphibians and Reptiles in Southwest Riparian Ecosystems. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.R., Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 339-341. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^Obligate riparian amphibians and reptiles in Arizona and Sonora, Mexico are discussed. Local population extinctions in Arizona are examined. Special status for obligate riparian species is Proposed.^Amphibians, Endangered Species, Reptiles, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1985^Martin, William E.;Ingram, Helen M.^Martin, William E. & Helen M. Ingram (1985): Planning for Growth in the Southwest. National Planning Association, Washington, D. C.^^Water Management^book^:
^1985^Mason, Robert H.^Mason, Robert H. (1985): Our Desert Oasis. Eldon, Scottsdale. 77 Pages.^^History, Maricopa County, Verde River^book^:
^1985^McGinley, Mark A.;Whitham, Thomas G.^McGinley, Mark A. & Thomas G. Whitham (1985): Central Place Foraging by Beavers (Castor canadensis): A Test of Foraging Predictions and the Impact of Selective Feeding on the Growth Form of Cottonwoods (Populus fremontii). Oecologia 66, 558-562.^^Beaver, Cottonwood-willow Forests, Habitat, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1985^Milne, Michael M.;Young, Don W.^Milne, Michael M. & Don W. Young (1985): Evaluation of the Impact of Stockwatering Ponds (Stockponds) on Runoff From Large Arizona Watersheds. Hydrology Division, Arizona State Land Department, Phoenix.^^Erosion, Grazing, Watershed^book^:
^1985^Minckley, W. L.^Minckley, W.L. (1985): Native Fishes and Natural Aquatic Habitats of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region II West of the Continental Divide. Arizona State University, Tempe. (Report of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, Nm)^^Aquatic Biota, Colorado River, Fish, Gila River, Habitat, Little Colorado River, Native Species, San Pedro River, Verde River^book^:
^1985^Minckley, W. L.;Rinne, John N.^Minckley, W.L. & John N. Rinne (1985): Large Woody Debris in Hot-Desert Streams: An Historical Review. Desert Plants 7(3), 142-153.^Large-particulate organic debris is denied to present-day desert streams because of interception by impoundments and as a result of decimation of formerly extensive riparian vegetation. Historical records indicate a substantial, but sporadic, input of coarse debris, which was reduced to finer particles through molar action in canyon-bound reaches of desert rivers. Historical changes, functions of large debris in the systems, and probable future conditions are Reviewed.^Ecosystems, Geomorphology, Woody Debris^article^:
^1985^Nabhan, Gary P.;Warren, Peter L.;Parton, Michael^Nabhan, Gary P., Peter L. Warren & Michael Parton (1985): Mesquite Resources of the Colorado River Indian Tribes Reservation. Unpublished essay, from Office of Arid Land Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson.^"Mesquite, a native legume tree of the American deserts, has been used by the Mohave and other tribes for centureis. Until recently, it was the single most important plant as a food, fuel and lumber source for all native peoples who lived within its range. Although the use of mesquite pods (called 'beans') is not so common today, the wood remains an important resource for modern desert dwellers. This report will focus on the management and use of mesquite wood, although it will mention other potential products as Well."^Colorado River, Fuelwood, Mesquite Trees, Mohave Indians^other^:
^1985^Nabhan, Gary Paul^Nabhan, Gary Paul (1985): Riparian Vegetation and Indigenous Southwestern Agriculture: Control of Erosion, Pests, and Microclimate. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy, Charles D. Ziebell, David R. Patton, Peter F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre)(USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 232-235. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^Native American and Spanish American farmers of the arid Southwest have managed riparian vegetation adjacent to their agricultural fields for centuries. They have planted, pruned and encouraged phreatophytic tree species for flood erosion control; soil fertility renewal; buffered field microclimates and fuel-wood production. These practices benefit wildlife and plant genetic Diversity.^Agriculture, Erosion, Ethnobotany, Exotic Species, Floods, Fuelwood, Indians, Mexican-american, Phreatophytes, Riparian Areas, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1985^Noss, R. F.^Noss, Reed F. (1985): On Characterizing Presettlement Vegetation: How and Why. Natural Areas Journal 5, 5-19.^^Native Species, Plant Geography^article^:
^1985^Ohmart, Robert D.;Anderson, Bertin W.;Hunter, William C.^Ohmart, Robert D, Bertin W. Anderson & William C. Hunter (1985): Influence of Agriculture on Waterbird, Wader, and Shorebird Use Along the Lower Colorado River. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds. Johnson, R.R., C.D. Ziebell., D.R. Patton, P.F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 117-122. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^"Waterbird, wader, and shorebird use of the Colorado River was restricted to habitats in or immediately adjacent to the river prior to agricultural development. We studied agricultural habitats systematically for three years and identified those agricultural settings that were most important for individual species and groups of waterbirds, waders, and Shorebirds."^Agriculture, Birds, Colorado River, Habitat^chapter^:
^1985^Papago Tribe^Papago Tribe (1985): Tohono O'odham: History of the Desert People. University of Utah Printing Services, Salt Lake City.^The O'odham have their own history. That history is kept in stories and songs memorized by the people. O'odham elders teach the next generation the history and the ways of the people. The O'odham have also used calendar sticks to record their history. These are long sticks marked with symbols. These symbols are used by those who keep the sticks to aid them in remembering past events. After coming into O'odham country, non-Indians recorded part of O'odham history. Explorers, travelers, settlers, military personnel, government officials, anthropologists and historians have all written about the O'odham. They have written about their meetings with O'odham, about their observations of O'odham life and about their explanations for O'odham ways. This history of the O'odham includes information from all of these sources. O'odham oral hsitories and calendar sticks have been used. Non-Indian writings have been Consulted.^History, Tohono O'odham^book^:
^1985^Parker, M.;Wood, Jr, FH;Smith, B. H.;Elder, R. G.^Parker, M., F.H. Wood, Jr, B.H. Smith & R.G. Elder (1985): Erosional Downcutting in Lower Order Riparian Ecosystems: Have Historical Changes been Caused by Removal of Beaver? In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.R., C.D. Ziebell., D.R. Patton, P.F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 35-38. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^^Beaver, Erosion, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1985^Sayre, John W.^Sayre, John W. (1985): A Journey Through Yesteryear: Ghost Railroads of Central Arizona. Red Rock Publishing Company, Phoenix. 150 Pages.^^History, Railroads^book^:
^1985^Schmutz, E. M.;Sourabie, M. K.;Smith, D. A.^Schmutz, E.M., M.K. Sourabie & D.A. Smith (1985): The Page Ranch Story -- Its Vegetative History and Management Implications. Desert Plants 7(1), 13-21.^^Fire, Grazing, History, Page Ranch, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1985^Sellers, William D.;Hill, Richard H.;Sanderson-Rae, Margaret^Sellers, William D., Richard H. Hill, & Margaret Sanderson-Rae (Eds.) (1985): Arizona Climate: The First Hundred Years. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^"It is appropriate that a survey of the climate of Arizona during the past 100 years should be published in the same year that the University of Arizona system is celebrating its centennial. Much of what we know about the climate of the State has been documented in reports and books issued by the College of Agriculture and the Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the University of Arizona and, more recently, by the Laboratory of Climatology at Arizona State University, often with the cooperation of personnel of the U. S. Weather Bureau and the National Weather Service. The State's institutions of higher learning and our knowledge of the climate of Arizone have grown side by Side."^Climate^book^:
^1985^Simcox, David E.^Simcox, David E. (1985): Arizona Riparian Areas: A Bibliography. University of Arizona, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Tucson.^^Bibliography, Riparian Areas^book^:
^1985^Simmons, Isabel J. (Ed.)^Simmons, Isabel J. (Ed.) (1985):Cottonwood, Clarkdale and Cornville History. Cottonwood Chapter 2021, American Association of Retired Persons, .^^History, Verde River^book^:
^1985^Smith, Gloria L.^Smith, Gloria L. (1985): Black Heritage Trails and Tales of Tucson and Old Fort Huachuca near Sierra Vista, Arizona. A Tourist Guide, a Research Guide. G.L. Smith, Tucson. 47 Pages.^^Fort Huachuca, History, Military, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Sierra Vista, Tucson^book^:
^1985^Swenson, Edwin A.;Mullins, Charles L.^Swenson, Edwin A. & Charles L. Mullins (1985): Revegetating Riparian Trees in Southwestern Floodplains. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.R., C.D. Ziebell., D.R. Patton, P.F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 135-138. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^Riparian areas continue to be drastically altered, usually by man's activities. Managers have generally been unsuccessful in using conventional techniques to replace riparian trees. Our experiments with Rio Grande cottonwood, narrowleaf cottonwood, and Gooding willow have shown that a simple and inexpensive method for their reestablishment is now Available.^Cottonwood-willow Forests, Ecosystems, Restoration, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1985^Szaro, Robert C.;Belfit, Scott C.;Aitkin, J. Kevin;Rinne, John N.^Szaro, Robert C., Scott C. Belfit, J.Kevin Aitkin & John N. Rinne (1985): Impact of Grazing on a Riparian Garter Snake. In: Riparian Ecosystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds: Johnson, R.R., C.D. Ziebell., D.R. Patton, P.F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Exper-iment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 359-363. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^"Numbers of wandering garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans vagrans) were significantly higher where cattle grazing was excluded than along grazed portions of Rio de las Vacas, a high elevation thin-leaf alder - willow riparian community in northern New Mexico. Differences can be attributed to the regeneration of streamside vegetation and the increased amount of organic Debris."^Environmental Change, Grazing, Reptiles, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1985^U.S. Bureau of Land Management^U.S. Bureau of Land Management (1990): Supplemental Information to the Arizona Riparian-Wetland Area Management Strategy. Bureau of Land Management, Phoenix. 19 Pages.^^Fire, Gila River, Grazing, Mining, Recreation, Vegetation^book^:
^1985^Waldman, C.^Waldman, C. (1985): Atlas of the North American Indian. Facts of File Publications, New York and Oxford. 276 Pages.^^Atlas, Indians^book^:
^1985^Walker, E. F.^Walker, E.F. (1985): 1600 Mile Trip by Burro. Smoke Signals (Spring/fall).^^Anglos, Exploration, Journals^article^:
^1985^Warren, Peter L.;Schwalbe, Cecil R.^Warren, Peter L. & Cecil R. Schwalbe (1985): Herpetofauna in Riparian Habitats Along the Colo-rado River in Grand Canyon. In: Riparian Eco-systems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. (Eds. Johnson, R.R., C.D. Ziebell., D.R. Patton, P.F. Ffolliott & Robert H. Hamre) Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-120.) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 347-354. (Proceedings of the First North American Riparian Conference, 16-18 April, 1985, Tucson, Arizona)^Lizard population densities and species composition were sampled in riparian and non-riparian habitats along the Colorado River. The highest densities were found in shoreline habitats, moderate densities in riparian habitats and lowest densities in non-riparian habitats. Rapidly fluctuating river flow levels may have a deleterious effect on lizard populations by trapping populations on alluvial bars and inundating nest Sites.^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Habitat, Human Impact, Reptiles^chapter^:
^1985^Welsh, Frank^Welsh, Frank (1985): How to Create a Water Crisis. Johnson Books, Boulder. 233 Pages.^^Central Arizona Project, Colorado River, Construction, Water Supply^book^:
^1985^Williams, J. E.;Bowman, D. B.;Brooks, J. E.;Echelle, A. A.;Edwards, R. J.;Hendrickson, D. A.;Landye, J. J.^Williams, J.E., D.B. Bowman, J.E. Brooks, A.A. Echelle, R.J. Edwards, D.A. Hendrickson & J.J. Landye (1985): Endangered Aquatic Ecosystems in North American Deserts with a List of Vanishing Fishes of the Region. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 20, 1-62.^"Habitat degradation and the introduction of exotic species are endangering an increasing number of fishes from North American deserts as endangered, vulnerable, rare or of indeterminate status. Forty-six of these fishes are herein considered endangered. Additionally, 18 recently extinct fishes are recorded from the region. Fifteen ecosystems are identified as providing habitat for 83 of these vanishing Fishes."^Aquatic Biota, Colorado River, Ecosystems, Extinctions/extirpations, Fish, Gila River, Riparian Areas, Species Decline^article^:
^1984^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Anderson, Bertin W. & Robert D. Ohmart (1984): Avian Use of Revegetated Riparian Zones. In: California Riparian Systems: Ecology, Conservation, and Productive Management. (Eds: Warner, R.E. & K.M. Hendrix) University of California Press, Berkeley, 626-633.^^Birds, Habitat, Restoration, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1984^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.;Allen, Jr, HA^Anderson, Bertin W., Robert D. Ohmart & H.A. Allen, Jr. (1984): Riparian Birds in Riparian/Agri-cultural Edge Interface. In: California Riparian Systems: Ecology, Conservation, and Productive Management. (Eds: Warner, R.E. & K.M. Hendrix) University of California Press, Berkeley, 190-195.^^Agriculture, Birds, Colorado River^chapter^:
^1984^Arizona State Genealogical Society^Arizona State Genealogical Society (1984):How It All Began . . . And Then Some! Copper State Bulletin 19(3 & 4, Fall/Winter), 78-80.^Subtitled "Early Arizona Settlements"^Santa Cruz River, Settlement^article^:
^1984^Audubon, John Woodhouse^Audubon, John Woodhouse (1984): Audubon's Western Journal 1849-1850. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.^Being the MS. record of a trip from New York to Texas, and an overland journey through Mexico and Arizona to the gold-fields of California.^Anglos, Exploration, Journals, Wildlife^book^:
^1984^Ayres, James E.;Stone, Lyle^Ayres, James E. & Lyle Stone (1984): Evaluation of Historic Cultural Resources in Relation to the Central Arizona Water Control Study. Archaeological Research Service, Phoenix, Arizona.^^Archaeology, Culture, Surveys^book^:
^1984^Bartlett, Richard A.^Bartlett, Richard A. (1984): Rolling Rivers: An Encyclopedia of America's Rivers. McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.^^Description, Riparian Areas^book^:
^1984^Brazel, Anthony J.;Evans, Kenneth E.^Brazel, Anthony J. & Kenneth E. Evans (1984): Major Storms and Floods in Arizona 1862-1983. (Climatological Publications Precipitation Series #6) Laboratory of Climatology, Arizona State University, Tempe. (Compiled from the records of the National Weather Service)^^Floods, Weather^book^:
^1984^Brazel, Anthony J.;Prasard, Aditya^Brazel, Anthony J. & Aditya Prasard (1984): Arizona Monthly Precipitation: 1895-1983. (Clima-tological Publications, Precipitation Series, No. 5.) The Laboratory of Climatology, Arizona State University, Tempe.^^Climate, Precipitation^book^:
^1984^Brock, J. H.^Brock, J.H. (1984): Tamarix spp. (saltcedar), an Invasive Exotic Woody Plant in Arid and Semi-Arid Riparian Habitats of Western USA. In: Ecology and Management of Invasive Riverside Plants. (Eds: de Wall, L.C., L.E. Child, P.M. Wade & J.H. Brock) John Wiley and Sons Ltd., West Sussex, England, 27-44.^^Riparian Areas, Saltcedar, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1984^Brooks,Juanita^Brooks,Juanita (1984):Emma Lee. 2nd ed. Utah State University Press, Logan. 112 pages.^"Juanita Brooks was approaching the end of a long and illustrious writing career when she published Emma Lee in 1975. Born Juanita Leavitt in 1898 to a pioneering polygamous family at Bunkerville in southern Nevada, she grew up in a Mormon community that was isolated by desert miles as well as by the customs of one of the most distinctive subcultures America has produced. She came to know the lore of her home country as its traditions and geography unfolded through her youthful experiences. Touched now and again by the outside world, she yearned for its broadening influences, but she stayed on to write brilliantly about Mormon Country's Dixie."^Colorado River, Mormons, Settlement^book^:
^1984^Coats, Robert^Coats, Robert (1984): The Colorado River: River of Controversy. Environment 26(2), 6-13, 36-40.^^Colorado River, Dams, Water Supply^article^:
^1984^Donart, G. B.^Donart, G.B. (1984): The History and Evolution of Western Rangelands in Relation to Woody Plant Communities. In: Developing Strategies for Rangeland Management. Westview Press, Boulder.^^Grasslands, Grazing, Shrubs, Uplands, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1984^Francaviglia, Richard V.^Francaviglia, Richard V. (1984): The Upper San Pedro River Valley: A Century of Environmental Change in Cochise County, Arizona. Cochise Quarterly Summer, 9-26.^The San Pedro is a rarity among North American rivers in that it flows from south to north. As the San Pedro River flows northward from Sonora, Mexico, it joins the Gila River at Winkelman, Arizona, after diagonally flowing through Cochise County. In so doing, it cuts through several ecological zones and reveals significant historical and environmental change in its varied, beautiful landscapes. It would be difficult to overestimate the importance of the San Pedro River Valley in the history of Cochise County: For a century it has been the major water supply for the western half of the county. Its lowlands have witnessed the county's major ranching, farming, and transportation activities, while the hills and mountains which flank the San Pedro Valley have yielded some of the greatest mineral wealth in Arizona History.^Agriculture, Cochise County, Environmental Change, Mining, Ranching, San Pedro River^article^:
^1984^Hendrickson, Dean A.;Minckley, W. L.^Hendrickson, Dean A. & W.L. Minckley (1984): Cienegas - Vanishing Climax Communities of the American Southwest. Desert Plants 6(3).^^Ecosystems, Species Decline, Vegetation Change, Water Loss, Wetlands^article^:
^1984^Hereford, R.^Hereford, R. (1984): Climate and Ephemeral-Stream Processes: Twentieth-Century Geomorphology and Alluvial Stratigraphy of the Little Colorado River, Arizona. Geological Society of America Bulletin 95, 654-668.^^Climate, Ephemeral Streams, Geomorphology, Little Colorado River^article^:
^1984^Irwin, J.;Almer, L.^Irwin, J. & L. Almer (1984): Significant Wildlife Habitat Along Skunk Creek, New, and Agua Fria Rivers, Maricopa County, Arizona. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Water Resources Branch, Los Angeles.^^Agua Fria River, Habitat, Maricopa County, New River, Skunk Creek, Wildlife^book^:
^1984^Knopf, Fritz L.;Olson, Thomas E.^Knopf, Fritz L. & Thomas E. Olson (1984): Naturalization of Russian-Olive: Implications to Rocky Mountain Wildlife. Wildlife Society Bulletin 12(3), 289-298.^"Naturalization and spreading of exotic woody vegetation in riparian zones have received much attention in recent years. This attention has been directed primarily at salt-cedar tamarisk in southwestern states. Tamarisk along the lower Colorado River does not compare favorably with native woody vegetation as avian habitats and, without control, will competitively displace native riparian vegetation with time."^Habitat, Russian Olive, Wildlife^article^:
^1984^Lightfoot, Kent;Most, Rachel;Fish, Susan K.;Jewett, Robert A.^Lightfoot, Kent, Rachel Most, Susan K. Fish & Robert A. Jewett (1984): The Duncan Project: a Study of the Occupation, Duration, and Settlement Pattern of an Early Mogollon Pithouse Village. Arizona State University Archaeological Field Study #6, Tempe. 145 Pages.^^Archaeology, Duncan, Gila River, Mogollon Culture^book^:
^1984^Malin, J. C.^Malin, J.C. (1984): History and Ecology: Studies of the Grassland. University of Nebraska, Lincoln.^^Ecology, Grasslands, History^book^:
^1984^Martin, William E.;Ingram, Helen M.;Laney, Nancy K.;Griffin, A. H.^Martin, William E., Helen M. Ingram, Nancy K. Laney & A.H. Griffin (1984): Saving Water in a Desert City. Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, D. C.^^Water Management^book^:
^1984^Meents, J. K.;Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Meents, J.K., Bertin W. Anderson & Robert D. Ohmart (1984): Sensitivity of Riparian Birds to Habitat Loss. In: California Riparian Systems: Eco-logy, Conservation, and Productive Management. (Eds: Warner, R.E. & K.M. Hendrix) University of California Press, Berkeley, 619-625.^^Birds, Habitat, Riparian Areas, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1984^Meyer,Michael C.^Meyer,Michael C. (1984):Water in the Hispanic Southwest: a social and legal history, 1550-1850. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^^book^:
^1984^Minckley, W. L.;Clark, Thomas O.^Minckley, W.L. & Thomas O. Clark (1984): Formation and Destruction of a Gila River Mesquite Bosque Community. Desert Plants 6(1, Summer), 23-27.^Evidence is presented for repeated formation and destruction of a Mesquite (Prosopis spp.) bosque community on a Gila River terrace, eastern Arizona. Terrace formation was induced by a coarse alluvial cone produced by flooding in an ephemeral tributary, followed by vegetative colonization culminating in Mesquite. Destruction was accomplished by sustained flooding in the mainstream Gila River."^Erosion, Gila River, Mesquite Trees, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1984^Northern Gila County Historical Society^Northern Gila County Historical Society (1984):Rim Country History. Rim Country Printer, Payson, Arizona. 194 pages.^The Northern Gila County Historical Society presents its new history of the Rim Country. This history is valuable to all residents and former residents of Strawberry, Pine, Payson, Star Valley and other communities in this area, and to those who appreciate the past. This book will become more valuable as time passes because no additional printings are planned. It is enjoyable reading and your passport to Yesterday.^History, Mogollon Culture, Mogollon Rim, Tonto Creek, Tonto National Forest, Verde River^book^:
^1984^Owen-Joyce, S. J.^Owen-Joyce, S.J. (1984): Hydrology of a Stream-Aquifer System in the Camp Verde Area, Yavapai County, Arizona. (Arizona Water Commission Bulletin, No. 3.) Arizona Water Commission, Phoenix. 60 Pages.^^Camp Verde, Hydrology, Streamflow, Verde River, Yavapai County^book^:
^1984^Reichenbacher, F. W.^Reichenbacher, F.W. (1984): Ecology and Evolution of Southwestern Riparian Plant Communities. Desert Plants 6, 15-22.^^Ecology, Environmental Change, Native Species, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1984^Spicer, Edward Holland^Spicer, Edward Holland (1984): Pascua: A Yaqui Village in Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 325 Pages.^^Indians, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1984^Teague, Lynn S.;Crown, Patricia L.^Teague, Lynn S. & Patricia L. Crown (1984): Hohokam Archaeology Along the Salt-Gila Aqueduct, Central Arizona Project, Volume VII: Environment and Subsistence. Tucson, Arizona; Cultural Resource Management Division, Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona; Archaeological Series No. 150.^^Archaeology, Canals, Gila River, Hohokam, Salt River, Surveys^other^:
^1984^Thames, John L.^Thames, John L. (1984): The Effect of Stockponds on Downstream Surface Water Yield. School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Grazing, San Pedro River, Streamflow, Surface Water^book^:
^1984^Tiner, Jr, RW^Tiner, Jr, RW (1984): Wetlands of the United States: Current Status and Recent Trends. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 59 Pages.^^Surveys, Wetlands^book^:
^1984^Tunnicliff, Brock;Brickler, Stanley K.^Tunnicliff, Brock & Stanley K. Brickler (1984): Recreational Water Quality Analyses of the Colorado River Corridor in Grand Canyon. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 48, 909-917.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Recreation, Water Quality^article^:
^1984^White, Natalie D.^White, Natalie D. (1984): Bibliography of Water Resources Reports for Arizona Through 1982. United States Geological Survey, Tucson. 152 Pages.^^Bibliography, Water Supply^book^:
^1984^Willard, D.^Willard, D. (1984): An Old Timer's Scrapbook. Marker Graphics, Mesa, Arizona.^^Anglos, Journals, Verde River^book^:
^1984^Williams, G. P.;Wolman, M. G.^Williams, G.P. & Wolman, M.G. (1984): Down-stream Effects of Dams on Alluvial Rivers. Pro-fessional Paper 1286 ed. U.S. Geological Survey. 83 Pages.^^Dam Collapse, Environmental Change, Human Impact^book^:
^1984^Zarbin, Earl A.^Zarbin, Earl A. (1984): Roosevelt Dam. Central Arizona Museum, Phoenix. 250 Pages.^^History, Roosevelt Dam, Salt River^book^:
^1983^Arizona Department of Water Resources^Arizona Department of Water Resources (1983): Appraisal of Water Resources in the Upper Verde River Area, Yavapai and Coconino Counties. (Arizona Department of Water Resources Bulletin, No. 2.) Arizona Department of Water Resources, Phoenix. 219 Pages.^^Coconino County, Verde River, Water Supply, Yavapai County^book^:
^1983^Baker, R. G.^Baker, R.G. (1983): Holocene Vegetational History of Western United States. In: Late Quaternary Environments of the United States. (Ed: Wright, H.) University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 109-127.^^Paleobotany, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1983^Brown, Bryan T.^Brown, Bryan T. (1983): An Inventory of Surface Water Resources at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. National Park Service, San Francisco. 97 Pages.^^Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Refuges/preserves, Sonoran Desert, Surface Water^book^:
^1983^Brown, David E.^Brown, David E. (1983): The Wolf in the Southwest: The Making of an Endangered Species. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Endangered Species, Human Impact, Mammals^book^:
^1983^Brown,Bryan T.^Brown,Bryan T. (1983):An Inventory of Surface Water Resources at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. (Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit Technical Report, No. 10.) Western Region, National Park Service, San Francisco. 97 Pages.^^Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Refuges/preserves, Sonoran Desert, Surface Water^book^:
^1983^Carothers, Steven W.;Johnson, R. Roy^Carothers, Steven W. & R. Roy Johnson (1983): Status of the Colorado River Ecosystem in Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. In: Aquatic Resources Management of the Colorado River Ecosystem. (Eds: Adams, V.D. & V.A. Lamarra) Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, 139-160.^^Colorado River, Ecosystems, Grand Canyon, Lake Powell^chapter^:
^1983^Christiansen, L. D.^Christiansen, L.D. (1983): The Mormon Battalion in Cochise County and Adjacent Areas. Cochise Quarterly 13, 47.^^Cochise County, Exploration, Military, Mormons^article^:
^1983^Chronic, H.^Chronic, H. (1983): Roadside Geology of Arizona. Mountain Press Publishing Company, Missoula. 322 Pages.^^Geology, Handbook/field Guide^book^:
^1983^Colley, Charles C.^Colley, Charles C. (1983): The Desert Shall Blossom: North African Influence on the American Southwest. The Western Historical Quarterly (July), 277-290.^Conquistadores and Catholic priests who arrived in the western hemisphere during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries brought with them features of dress, arts, architecture, agriculture, law, and warfare acquired through centuries of subjugation by the North African Moors. On the northern borderlands of the Spanish Empire they encountered native peoples, who, like the Moors, survived as nomads or subsistence farmers in a vast, arid region. This inhospitable environment, as Walter Prescott Webb emphasized in his classic work, The Great Plains, molded the character and civilization of the earliest aborigines and all succeeding inhabitants, regardless of their place of Origin.^Agriculture, Culture, Exotic Species, Human Impact, Missions, Spanish, Vegetation^article^:
^1983^Eddy, Frank W.;Cooley, Maurice E.;Martin, Paul S.;Huckell, Bruce B.^Eddy, Frank W., Maurice E. Cooley, Paul S. Martin & Bruce B. Huckell (1983): Cultural and Environmental History of Cienega Valley, Southeastern Arizona. (Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona, No. 43.) University of Arizona, Tucson. 103 Pages.^^Cienega Creek, Environmental Change, History^book^:
^1983^Eherts, Walter^Eherts, Walter (1983): Lost Treasure of the Hassayampa. Real West (August), 35, 49.^More information about the breech of Walnut Grove dam, and the safes that were lost in the Flood.^Dam Collapse, Hassayampa River, Walnut Grove Dam^article^:
^1983^Forman, Richard T. T.;Russell, Emily W. B.^Forman, Richard T.T. & Emily W.B. Russell (1983): Commentary: Evaluation of Historical Data in Ecology. Ecological Society of America Bulletin 64(1), 5-6.^A long and heavy human imprint on the lands is recognized by those who live in the Old World and in certain areas of the New World. Though humans have affected part of North America over the past fifteen or more millenia, the effect is documented in written history in only the past three to four centuries. The idea that human acitivities have had only recent minor ecological effects in places probably underlies the terms 'virgin, ' 'pristine, ' or 'relatively undisturbed' vegetation, which abound in the ecological literature of this continent. Despite such terms, most ecologists recognize today's communities and ecosystems as being the product of three major forces: evolution, human disturbance history, and present dynamic Processes.^Ecology, Historical Accuracy^article^:
^1983^Foy, C. L.;Forney, D. R.;Cooley, W. E.^Foy, C.L., D.R. Forney & W.E. Cooley (1983): History of Weed Introductions. In: Exotic Plant Pests and North American Agriculture. (Eds: Wilson, Charles L. & Charles L. Graham) Academic Press, New York, 65-92.^"When man began the shift from a nomadic, hunting-gathering existence to an agrarian-centered lifestyle some 10, 000 or more years ago, he had already begun to fulfill his destiny as the dominant force shaping the patterns of the earth's biota. At first simply harvesting the hybrid grains which evolved naturally soon after the last ice age, man next began hand-pulling competing vegetation, and gradually learned to grow food plants in areas of his own choosing. His cultural activities, and the consequent disturbance of natural equilibria, increased geometrically. Ground clearing and related operation simulated natural disturbances, such as glaciers, avalanches, and forest fires, to which certain types of plants had adapted, and at every opportunity, these plants sprang up to interfere and compete with the plant communities of man's design. Even up to the present, with a multitude of machines, chemicals, bio-control organisms, and integrated strategies available for dealing with pest problems, agriculture is still descirbed as 'man's controversy with Weeds.'"^Exotic Species^chapter^:
^1983^Graf, William L.^Graf, William L. (1983): Flood-Related Channel Change in an Arid-Region River. Earth Surface Processes and Landform 8, 125-139.^^Channel Change, Floods^article^:
^1983^Graf, William L.^Graf, William L. (1983):The Arroyo Problem - Palaeohydrology and Palaeohydraulics in the Short Term. In: Background to Palaeohydrology. (Ed: Gregory, K. J.) John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, New York, 279-302.^The problem of the origin and dynamics of arroyos has generated more interest for geomorphic investigators than any other research question in arid environments. The last decade has seen significant progress in the development of cumulative generalizations that may lead to theory formulation, and the time may now be opportune to assess progress. The general objectives of this paper are to briefly review the voluminous literature on the arroyo problem, to focus on the recent advances that hold promise for theory building, and to suggest possible profitable avenues for further work toward an integrated dynamic theory for Arroyos.^Arroyos, Paleohydrology^chapter^:
^1983^Hughes, J. Donald^Hughes, J. Donald (1983): American Indian Ecology. Texas Western Press, El Paso.^^Ethnoecology, Indians^book^:
^1983^Jacobs, B. F.^Jacobs, B.F. (1983): Past Vegetation and Climate of the Mogollon Rim Area. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Climate, Mogollon Rim, Paleobotany, Vegetation Change^other^:
^1983^Kepner, W. G.;Jakle, M. D.;Baucom, F. M.^Kepner, W.G., M.D. Jakle & F.M. Baucom (1983): Middle Gila River Aquatic Study, Pinal County, Arizona. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Arizona Projects Office, Phoenix.^^Aquatic Biota, Ecology, Gila River, Pinal County^book^:
^1983^Mann, Larry J.; Nemecek, E. A.^Mann, Larry J.; Nemecek, E. A. (1983):Geohydrology and Water Use in Southern Apache County, Arizona. (Arizona Department of Water Resources Bulleting, 1.) The Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Phoenix, Arizona. 86+ pages.^In 1975 about 30, 000 acre-feet of water - 70 percent surface water and 30 percent ground water - was used in the 4, 100-square-mile area of southern Apache County. Water use is expected to increase nearly 100 percent by the mid-1980's owing to projected demands for public, irrigation, and industrial supplies. Ground water will be used to meet the future demands because most of the surface water is allocated to local and downstream Users.^Geohydrology, Groundwater, Little Colorado River, Rio Puerco, San Francisco River, Water Supply^book^:
^1983^Martin, Patricia P.^Martin, Patricia P. (1983): Songs My Mother Sang to Me: an Oral History of Mexican American Women. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Anthology/proceedings, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Mexican-american, Spanish^book^:
^1983^Mastrogiuseppe, R. J. et al.^Mastrogiuseppe, R.J. et al. (1983): Forest and Rangeland Fire History Bibliography. USDA Forest Service, Washington, D. C.^^Bibliography, Fire, Forests/woodlands, Grasslands^book^:
^1983^Meffe, Gary K.;Hendrickson, Dean A.;Minckley, W. L.^Meffe, Gary K., Dean A. Hendrickson & W.L. Minckley (1983): Factors Resulting in Decline of the Endangered Sonoran Topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) (Atherinformes: Poeciliidae) in the United States. Biological Conservation 25, 135-159.^"The endangered Sonoran topminnow Poeciliopsis occidentalis has steadily declined in distribution and abundance in the past several decades, and currently survives in the United States only in several isolated localities in southern Arizona. This reduction is correlated with, and primarily attributed to, habitat destruction, and introduction and establishment of mosquitofish Gambusia affinis and other exotic fishes. Topminnows have characteristically been reduced in number or replaced within a year or two of introduction of non-native fishes. Topminnows have characteristically been reduced in number or replaced within a year or two of introduction of non-native fishes. Other native fishes have experienced similar declines after introduction of exotics, and much of the endemic western ichthyofauna may be vulnerable to extirpation in this manner. Predation by introduced fishes on natives appears to be a likely mechanism of Replacement."^Endangered Species, Exotic Species, Extinctions/extirpations, Fish, Species Decline^article^:
^1983^Morganthau, T.^Morganthau, T. (1983): The Colorado: Man-Made Flood. Newsweek 102(July 11), 28.^^Colorado River, Dams, Floods, Human Impact^article^:
^1983^Pimentel, R.;Bulkley, R. V.^Pimentel, R. & R.V. Bulkley(1983): Concentrations of Total Dissolved Solids Preferred or Avoided by Endangered Colorado River Fishes. American Fisheries Society Transcripts 112(5), 595-600.^^Colorado River, Endangered Species, Fish, Water Quality^article^:
^1983^Rea, Amadeo M.^Rea, Amadeo M. (1983): Once a River: Bird Life and Habitat Changes on the Middle Gila. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Birds, Coolidge Dam, Environmental Change, Gila River, Human Impact, Species Decline, Water Loss^book^:
^1983^Rea, Amadeo M. et al.^Rea, Amadeo M. et al. (1983): Sonoran Desert Oases: Plants, Birds, and Native People. Environment Southwest No. 503, pages 5-9.^^Birds, Indians, Sonoran Desert, Vegetation^other^:
^1983^Renner, Pamela^Renner, Pamela (1983): La Paz: Gateway to Territorial Arizona. Journal of Arizona History 24, 119-144. (N)^^Colorado River, History, La Paz, Travel^article^:
^1983^Turner, B.^Turner, B. (1983): Recreation Impacts on Riparian Vegetation along the Lower Salt River. MS Thesis, Arizona State University. 115 P.^^Human Impact, Recreation, Salt River^other^:
^1983^Various authors^Various authors (1983): The Verde Valley, A Personal Profile. Arizona Highways 59(7, July). (Entire issue devoted to the Verde River)^^History, Indians, Verde River^article^:
^1982^Ackerly, Neal W.^Ackerly, N.W. (1982): Irrigation, Water Allocation Strategies, and the Hohokam Collapse. The Kiva, 47, 91-106.^^Agriculture, Environmental Change, Hohokam, Irrigation, Population Decline^article^:
^1982^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Anderson, Bertin W. & Robert D. Ohmart (1982): The Influence of the Interspersion of Agriculture and Natural Habitats on Wildlife in Southern California and Western Arizona, Comprehensive Final Report. Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nevada.^^Agriculture, Colorado River, Habitat, Wildlife^book^:
^1982^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Anderson, Bertin W. & Robert D. Ohmart (1982): Revegetation for Wildlife Enhancement Along the Lower Colorado River, Final report. Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nevada.^^Colorado River, Restoration, Wildlife^book^:
^1982^Balling, R.;Lawson, M.^Balling, R. & M. Lawson (1982): 20th Century Changes in Winter Climatic Regimes. Climatic Change 4, 57-69.^^Climate^article^:
^1982^Bowers, Janice E.^Bowers, Janice E. (1982): Local Floras of the Southwest, 1920-1980: An Annotated Bibliography. Great Basin Naturalist 42, 105-112.^^Bibliography, Flora, Vegetation^article^:
^1982^Bradley, R. S. et al.^Bradley, R.S. et al. (1982): Climatic Fluctuations of the Western United States During the Period of Instrumental Records. University of Massachusetts, Amherst.^^Climate^book^:
^1982^Brian, N. J.^Brian, N.J. (1982): A Preliminary Study of the Riparian Coyote Willow Communities Along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. (MS Thesis)^^Colorado River, Ecosystems, Grand Canyon, Shrubs, Vegetation^book^:
^1982^Brown, David E.^Brown, David E. (1982): Biotic Communities of the American Southwest - United States and Mexico. Desert Plants (Special Issue) 4(1-4). (Author is editor of the Issue)^^Ecosystems, Maps, Surveys, Vegetation^article^:
^1982^Brown, Patricia Eyring;Stone, Connie Lynn^Brown, Patricia Eyring & Connie Lynn Stone (Eds.) (1982): Granite Reef: A Study in Desert Archaeology. Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. (Anthropological Research Papers No. 28, Anthropological Field Studies No.^^Archaeology, Salt River^book^:
^1982^Browning, Sinclair^Browning, Sinclair (1982): Enju: The Life and Struggle of an Apache Chief from the Little Running Water. Northland Press, Flagstaff, Arizona.^^Apaches, Biography^book^:
^1982^Carman, John G.;Brotherson, Jack D.^Carman, John G. & Jack D. Brotherson (1982): Comparisons of Sites Infested and not Infested with Saltcedar and Russian Olive. Weed Science 30(4, July), 360-364.^Saltcedar and Russian olive invade moist pastures and rangeland and cause serious forage-production and soil-water losses. Our objective was to develop criteria for classifying sites relative to the likelihood of infestation by saltcedar and Russian olive, based on comparisons of soil and vegetation characteristics of infested and adjacent uninfested sites. Discriminant analyses indicated that Russian olive occurs on soils with low to medium concentrations of soluble salts (100-3500 ppm), whereas saltcedar occurs on soils with much higher soluble salt concentrations (700-15000 ppm). Characteristics of the herbaceous vegetation on sites infested with saltcedar or Russian olive differed distinctly from each other and from adjacent, uninfested sites. Frequency of occurrence of certain herbaceous understory species provided the most accurate basis for discrimination of infested and uninfested areas. Discrimination of infested and uninfested areas. Discriminant analysis may be of value in the development of infestation-proneness Indices.^Russian Olive, Saltcedar, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1982^Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum^Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum (1982): Progress Report: Water Quality Standards for Salinity. Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum. 45 Pages.^^Colorado River, Water Quality^book^:
^1982^Colorado River Wildlife Council^Colorado River Wildlife Council (1982): Endemic Amphibians and Reptiles of the Colorado River System: A Status Report. Colorado River Wild Life Council, Denver, Colorado. 44 Pages.^^Amphibians, Colorado River, Native Species, Reptiles^book^:
^1982^Connall, D.^Connall, D. (1982): A History of the Arizona Groundwater Management Act. Arizona State Law Journal 313.^^Groundwater, History, Water Law^article^:
^1982^Cox, J. R.;Morton, H. L.;Johnsen, Jr, TN;Jordan, G. L.;Martin, S. C.;Fierro, C. C.^Cox, J.R., H.L. Morton, T.N. Johnsen, Jr., G.L. Jordan, S.C. Martin & C.C. Fierro (1982): Vegetation Restoration in the Chihuahuan and Sonoran Deserts of North America. Rangelands 6, 112-116.^^Chihuahuan Desert, Restoration, Sonoran Desert, Vegetation^article^:
^1982^Culler, R. C.;Hanson, R. L.;Myrick, R. M.;Turner, Ray M.^Culler, R.C., R.L. Hanson, R.M. Myrick & Ray M. Turner (1982): Evapotranspiration Before and After Clearing Phreatophytes, Gila River Flood Plain, Graham County, Arizona. (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 655-P.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Environmental Change, Evapotranspiration, Floodplain, Gila River, Graham County, Phreatophytes, Vegetation, Water Supply^book^:
^1982^Douglas, A. V.;Cayan, D. R.;Namais, J.^Douglas, A.V., D.R. Cayan & J. Namais (1982): Large-Scale Weather Patterns in Recent Decades. Monthly Weather Review 110, 1851-1862.^^Climate^article^:
^1982^Francaviglia, Richard V.^Francaviglia, Richard V. (1982): Copper Mining and Landscape Evolution: a Century of Change in the Warren Mining District. Journal of Arizona History Autumn, 267-298.^^Environmental Change, Mining, San Pedro River^article^:
^1982^Freethey, Geoffrey W.^Freethey, Geoffrey W. (1982): Hydrologic Analysis of the Upper San Pedro Basin From the Mexico-United States International Boundary to Fairbank, Arizona. (U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 82-752.) U.S. Geological Survey, Tucson, Arizona. 64 Pages.^^Hydrology, Mexico-arizona Boundary, San Pedro River^book^:
^1982^Gasser, Robert E.^Gasser, Robert E. (1982): Vegetation Stability and Change in the Prescott Region and Other Areas of the Southwest. The Kiva 48(1-2), 83-97.^"The Copper Basin Archaeological Project included the collection of historical, ecological, and biocultural data relevant to the past vegetation in Copper Basin south of Prescott, Arizona. These data are used to substantiate a conclusion that little vegetative change has taken place in the area since occupation about A.D. 800-1200. Attention is drawn, however, to indicators of significant floral change in other areas of the Southwest which occurred within the past Century."^Archaeology, Human Impact, Prescott, Vegetation Change, Verde River^article^:
^1982^Genung, Charles Baldwin^Genung, Charles Baldwin (1982): Yavapai Country Memories, 1863-1894. The Smoke Signal (43 & 44, & Fall Spring).^Arizona, since Territorial days to the 1980's, has had more than a fair share of outstanding men and women who acquired fame and recognition for their labors. For some, their names will live forever; for others, the memory lingers for a brief time. Charlie Genung, the subject of this story, is, in a way, one of those unsung Heroes.^Anglos, Biography, Date Creek, Gila River, Hassayampa River, Yavapai County^article^:
^1982^Graf, William L.^Graf, William L. (1982): Tamarisk and River-Channel Management. Environmental Management 6, 283-296.^^Channel Change, Saltcedar^article^:
^1982^Gurman, Lew^Gurman, Lew (1982): Master Mountain Mapper: Bradford Washburn. Explorer 24(1), 18-21.^^Anglos, Biography, Colorado River, Exploration, Maps^article^:
^1982^Knipe, O. D.^Knipe, O.D. (1982): Use of Angora Goats in Converting Arizona Chaparral to Grassland. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Goat Production and Disease. Dairy Goat Journal Publishing Company, Scottsdale, Arizona.^^Anthology/proceedings, Goats, Grasslands, Grazing, Restoration, Shrubs, Uplands, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1982^Myers, S. L.^Myers, S.L. (1982): Westering Women and the Frontier Experience, 1800-1915. University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.^^Anglos, Settlement, Travel^book^:
^1982^Nabhan, Gary P. et al.^Nabhan, Gary P. et al. (1982): Papago Influences on Habitat and Biotic Diversity: Quitovac Oasis Ethnoecology. Journal of Ethnobiology 2, 124-143.^^Biodiversity, Ethnoecology, Habitat, Human Impact, Indians, Tohono O'odham^article^:
^1982^Ohmart, Robert D.^Ohmart, Robert D (1982): Past and Present Biotic Communities of the Lower Colorado River Mainstem and Selected Tributaries. Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nevada.^^Agua Fria River, Aquatic Biota, Bill Williams River, Birds, Colorado River, Ecosystems, Human Impact, Riparian Areas, Salt River, Vegetation Change, Verde River^book^:
^1982^Ohmart, Robert D.;Anderson, Bertin W.^Ohmart, Robert D & Anderson, Bertin W. (1982): North American Desert Riparian Ecosystems. In: Reference Handbook on the Deserts of North America. (Ed: Bender, G.L.) Greenwood Press, Westport, CT and London, England, 433-479.^^Ecosystems, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1982^Phillips, Jr, David A.;Rozen, Kenneth^Phillips, Jr, David A. & Kenneth Rozen (1982): The Effects of Inundation on Cultural Resources in Painted Rock Reservoir, Arizona: An Assessment. (Arizona State Museum Archaeological Series, No. 149.) Cultural Resource Management Division, Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson. 145 Pages.^^Culture, Floods, Human Impact, Painted Rocks Dam^book^:
^1982^Russel, Jr, RP^Russel, Jr, RP (1982): The History of Man's Influ-ence Upon the Vegetation of the Chiricahua Moun-tain Meadows. (Master's thesis) University of Arizona, Tucson.^"Fourteen meadows exist in the high country of the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona. With the coming of the Angloe cattlemen dramatic changes occurred to the dynamic equilibrium of the Meadows."^Cattle, Chiricahuas, Environmental Change, Human Impact, Meadows^book^:
^1982^Sinyella, Juan^Sinyella, Juan (1982): Range Capacity and Terrestrial Ecosystem Evaluation of the Havasupai Traditional Use Lands. U.S. Forest Service, Williams, Arizona. 184 Pages.^^Colorado River, Ecosystems, Grazing, Havasupai, Land Use^book^:
^1982^Sonnichsen,C. L.^Sonnichsen,C. L. (1982):Tucson: The Life and Times of an American City. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. 369 Pages.^^History, Settlement, Tucson^book^:
^1982^Tiller, Kerry S.^Tiller, Kerry S. (1982): Charleston Townsite Revisited. Journal of Arizona History 23, 242-248.^^Cochise County, Mining, San Pedro River^article^:
^1982^Tunnicliff, Brock;Brickler, Stanley K.^Tunnicliff, Brock & Brickler, Stanley K. (1982): Water Quality Monitoring in the Colorado River Corridor: Lees Ferry to Diamond Creek, 1981. University of Arizona, Tucson. 76 Pages.^^Colorado River, Water Quality^book^:
^1982^Tyus, H. M.;Burdick, B. D.;Valdez, R. Z.;Haynes, C. M.;Lytle, T. A.;Berry, C. R.^Tyus, H.M., B.D. Burdick, R.Z. Valdez, C.M. Haynes, T.A. Lytle & C.R. Berry (1982): Fishes of the Upper Colorado River Basin: Distribution, Abundance, and Status. In: Proceedings of the Symposium of the Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. (Eds: Miller, W.H. et al.) American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, 12-70.^^Anthology/proceedings, Colorado River, Fish^chapter^:
^1982^Vale, Thomas R.^Vale, Thomas R. (1982): Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America. Association of American Geographers, Washington, D. C.^^Exotic Species, Native Species, Plant Geography, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1982^Weber, D. J.^Weber, D.J. (1982): The Mexican Frontier, 1821-1846. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.^^Mexico, Military, Pimeria Alta, Spanish^book^:
^1981^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1981): River Otter Reintroduction Planned for Verde. Wildlife Views (March), 4.^^Otter, Restoration, Verde River^article^:
^1981^Abruzzi, William Stewart^Abruzzi, William Stewart (1981): Ecological Succession and Mormon Colonization in the Little Colorado River Basin. Ph.D. Dissertation, State University of New York, Binghampton.^^Dams, Environmental Change, Little Colorado River, Mormons^other^:
^1981^Axtell, James^Axtell, James (1981): The European and the Indian, Essays in the Ethnohistory of Colonial North America. Oxford University Press, Oxford.^^Ethnoecology, Ethnology, History, Human Impact, Indians^book^:
^1981^Bock, C. E.;Bock, J. H.^Bock, C.E. & J.H. Bock (1981): Southwestern Grasslands: Past, Present and Future. Bureau of Land Management, Washington, D. C.^^Grasslands, Grazing^book^:
^1981^Boslough, John^Boslough, John (1981): Rationing a River. Science 2(5), 26-29, 34-37.^^Colorado River, Water Supply^article^:
^1981^Brown, David E.;Carmony, Neil B.;Turner, Ray M.^Brown, David E., Neil B. Carmony & Ray M. Turner (1981): Drainage Map of Arizona Showing Perennial Streams and Some Important Wetlands. Arizona Game and Fish Department. . Scale 1:1, 000, 000.^^Maps, Riparian Areas, Rivers, Wetlands^other^:
^1981^Carlin, George^Carlin, George (1981): Life on the St. Johns Ditch. Journal of Arizona History Summer, 159-176.^The first of the modern irrigation canals in the Salt river Valley, Swilling Ditch, followed the pattern of ancient diggings by the earliest inhabitants of the region, the Hohokam Indians. The Swilling Company began work in 1867 and finished the next year. Construction of other major canals followed, bringing with it a high level of land sales and farming activity. The majority of them were completed between 1870 and 1892. Our canal, the St. Johns, was begun in February, 1887, by W. H. St. Johns, A. B. Smallwood, H. Warren, and Dan Martin. The head of the canal was located near the McDowell place, the outlet near the Agua Fria River and Yuma Road. The system irrigated forty sections of land. A diversion dam was placed below a rock reef in the riverbed that caused water to rise to the surface, thus creating dependable Flow.^Agua Fria River, Canals, Hohokam, Irrigation, Salt River^article^:
^1981^Carothers, S. W.;Minckley, W. L.^Carothers, S.W. & W.L. Minckley (1981): A Survey of the Fishes, Aquatic Invertebrates and Aquatic Plants of the Colorado River and Selected Tributaries from Lee Ferry to Separation Rapid. Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff.^^Aquatic Biota, Colorado River, Fish, Invertebrates, Surveys, Vegetation^book^:
^1981^Collins, J. P.;Young Jr, C.;Howell, J.;Minckley, W. L.^Collins, J.P., C. Young, Jr., J. Howell & W.L. Minckley (1981): Impact of Flooding in a Sonoran Desert Stream Including Elimination of an Endangered Fish Population (Peociliopsis o. occidentalis Poeciliidai). The Southwestern Naturalist 26, 415-423.^^Extinctions/extirpations, Fish, Floods, Native Species, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1981^Crosswhite, Frank S.^Crosswhite, Frank S. (1981): Desert Plants, Habitat and Agriculture in Relation to the Major Pattern of Cultural Differentiation in the O'odham People of the Sonoran Desert. Desert Plants 3(2), 47-76.^^Agriculture, Ethnoecology, Native Species, Sonoran Desert, Tohono O'odham, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1981^Crumbo, K.^Crumbo, K. (1981): A River Runner's Guide to the Grand Canyon. Johnson Books, Boulder, Co.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Handbook/field Guide, Recreation^book^:
^1981^Dobyns, Henry F.^Dobyns, Henry F. (1981): From Fire To Flood: Historic Human Destruction of Sonoran Desert Riverine Oases. Ballena Press, Socorro, New Mexico.^^Agriculture, Arroyos, Fire, Floods, Gila River, Grazing, Human Impact, Indians, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Sonoran Desert, Water Loss^book^:
^1981^Fradkin, Phillip L.^Fradkin, Phillip L. (1981): A River No More: The Colorado River and the West. Knopf, New York.^^Canals, Colorado River, Dams, Human Impact, Irrigation, Water Supply^book^:
^1981^Gehlbach, F. R.^Gehlbach, F.R. (1981): Mountain Islands and Desert Seas: A Natural History of the United States-Mexican Borderlands. Texas A&M Press, College Station. 298 Pages.^^Ecosystems, Mountains, Sky Islands, U.s.-mexico Border^book^:
^1981^Goudie, Andrew^Goudie, Andrew (1981): The Human Impact: Man's Role in Environmental Change. Oxford University Press, Oxford.^^Environmental Change, Human Impact^book^:
^1981^Graf, William L.^Graf, William L. (1981): Channel Changes in the Salt River, Phoenix Metropolitan Area, Maricopa County, Arizona. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D. C. 102 Pages.^^Channel Change, Phoenix, Salt River^book^:
^1981^Hecht, Melvin E.; Reeves, Richard W.^Hecht, Melvin E.; Reeves, Richard W. (1981):The Arizona Atlas. Office of Arid Lands Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson. 164 Pages.^^Agriculture, Atlas, Groundwater, Mining, Settlement^book^:
^1981^Lytle, Richard M.^Lytle, Richard M. (1981): The Development of the Salt River Watershed; From the Salt/Verde Confluence to the Upper Drainage Points: An Environmental View. Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Foundation, Tempe.^The State of Arizona has had an expansionist compulsion to put the resources and topography of the physical environment of the state into a subservient role. This exploitation of the state's physical resources by mankind has, until most recently, ignored the fact that warning signs of serious effects and consequences from this activity exist. This ignorance stems from a general lack of understanding of the delicate balances of nature that together form the conditions for human existance in such a harsh climate as Arizona Possesses.^Agriculture, Dams, Human Impact, Salt River, Verde River^other^:
^1981^McCarthy, M. M.^McCarthy, M.M. (1981): The Past and Future of Southwest Grasslands: Changing Issues in Land Planning. In: Southwest Grasslands: Past, Present and Future. Bureau of Land Management, Washington, D. C., 99-113.^^Grasslands, Grazing, Land Use, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1981^Mead, J. I.^Mead, J.I. (1981): The Last 30, 000 Years of Faunal History Within the Grand Canyon, Arizona. Quaternary Research 15, 311-326.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Paleontology^article^:
^1981^Measeles, Evelyn Brack^Measeles, Evelyn Brack (1981): A Crossing on the Colorado: Lee's Ferry. Pruett Publishing Company, Boulder.^^Colorado River, Lee's Ferry^book^:
^1981^Minckley, W. L.^Minckley, W.L. (1981): Ecological Studies of Aravaipa Creek, Central Arizona, Relative to Past, Present and Future Uses. Arizona State University, Tempe.^^Aravaipa Creek, Ecosystems, Human Impact, Land Use^book^:
^1981^Naiman, Robert J.;Soltz, David L.^Naiman, Robert J. & David L. Soltz (1981): Fishes in North American Deserts. John Wiley & Sons, New York.^^Fish, Native Species^book^:
^1981^Paher, Stanley W.^Paher, Stanley W. (1981):Southwestern Arizona Ghost Towns. Nevada Publications, Las Vegas. 32 Pages.^^Bill Williams River, Colorado River, Gila River, Steamboats^book^:
^1981^Powell, H. M. T.^Powell, H.M.T. (1981): The Santa Fe Trail to California 1849-1852. (Series Ed: Watson, Douglas S.) Sol Lewis, New York.^^Anglos, Exploration, Trails/roads^book^:
^1981^Roberts, Horn;Chen^Roberts, Horn & Chen (1981): Impact of Gravel Mining on the Salt River Channel at the I-10 Bridge. Prepared for the Arizona Department of Transportation, Phoenix.^^Channel Change, Mining, Phoenix, Salt River, Sand & Gravel^book^:
^1981^Rosenberg, Kenneth V.;Hubbard, J. P.;Rosenberg, G. H.^Rosenberg, Kenneth V., J.P. Hubbard & G.H. Rosenberg (1981): The Nesting Season, June 1-July 31, 1981: Southwestern Region. American Birds 35, 966-969.^^Birds^article^:
^1981^Rosenberg, Kenneth V.;Hubbard, J. P.;Rosenberg, G. H.^Rosenberg, Kenneth V., J.P. Hubbard & G.H. Rosenberg (1981): The Winter Season, December 1, 1980-February 28, 1981: Southwestern Region. American Birds 35, 323-326.^^Birds^article^:
^1981^Rosenberg, Kenneth V.;Hubbard, J. P.;Rosenberg, G. H.^Rosenberg, Kenneth V., J.P. Hubbard & G.H. Rosenberg (1981): The Autumn Migration, August 1-November 30, 1980: Southwestern Region. American Birds 35, 211-214.^^Birds, Migration^article^:
^1981^Sheridan, D.^Sheridan, D. (1981): Desertification of the United States. United States Government Printing Office, Council On Environmental Quality, Washington, D. C.^^Desertification, Environmental Change, Human Impact^book^:
^1981^Smith, Cornelius C.^Smith, Cornelius C. (1981): Fort Huachuca: the Story of a Frontier Post. U.S. Army, Washington D.C. 417 Pages.^^Fort Huachuca, History, Military, San Pedro River^book^:
^1981^Smith, L. P.;Stockton, Charles W.^Smith, L.P. & Charles W. Stockton (1981): Reconstructed Stream Flow for the Salt and Verde Rivers from Tree-Ring Data. Water Resources Bulletin 17(6), 939-947.^^Dendrochronology, Salt River, Streamflow, Verde River^article^:
^1981^U.S. Department of Agriculture^U.S. Department of the Interior (1919): Gila River Flood Control. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Little Colorado River, Water Supply^book^:
^1981^U.S. Soil Conservation Service;U.S. Forest Service;Arizona Department of Water Resources;New Mexico State Engineer Office;U.S. Agricultural Research Service^U.S. Soil Conservation Service, Arizona Department of Water Resources, New Mexico State Engineer Office & U.S. Agricultural Research Service (1981): Little Colorado River Basin, Arizona and New Mexico: Summary Report. U.S. Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C. 5 Vols.^^Erosion, Floods, Forests/woodlands, Little Colorado River, Recreation, Water Supply, Watershed, Wildlife^book^:
^1981^USDA Forest Service^U.S. Department of Agriculture (1939): Range Management and Agronomic Practices on the San Xavier Indian Reservation, Arizona and Land Classification of San Xavier Indian Reservation Arizona, S.C.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Denver.^^Surveys, Wild & Scenic Rivers^book^:
^1981^USDA Forest Service^USDA Forest Service (1981): Wild and Scenic Rivers Study - Verde River. U.S. Forest Service, Albuquerque. 161 Pages.^^Ecology, History, Verde River^book^:
^1981^USDA Forest Service;U.S. Bureau of Land Management^U.S. Department of Agriculture (1981): Little Colorado River Basin, Arizona-New Mexico: Appendix II-Water Resources. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.^^Description, Ecology, Greenlee County, San Francisco River, Surveys, Wild & Scenic Rivers^book^:
^1981^Yatskievych, G. A.;Jenkins, C. E.^Yatskievych, G.A. & C.E. Jenkins (1981): Fall Vegetation and Zonation of Hooker Cienega, Graham County, Arizona. Journal of the Arizona Nevada Academy of Science 16, 7-11.^^Graham County, Hooker Cienega, San Pedro River, Vegetation, Wetlands^article^:
^1980^Arizona Historical Society^Arizona Historical Society (1980): The Chinese Experience in Arizona. Arizona Historical Society, Tucson. 86 Pages.^^Agriculture, Chinese, History^book^:
^1980^Bailey, L. R.^Bailey, L.R. (1980): If You Take My Sheep. The Evolution and Conflicts of Navajo Pastoralism, 1630-1868. Westernlore Publishing, Pasadena.^^Grazing, Navajos, Sheep^book^:
^1980^Bowers, Janice E.^Bowers, Janice E. (1980): Catastrophic Freezes in the Sonoran Desert. Desert Plants 2(4), 232-236.^^Climate^article^:
^1980^Brennan, Irene J. (Ed.)^Brennan, Irene J. (Ed.) (1980):Fort Mojave, 1859-1890, Letters of the Commanding Officers. MA/AH Publishing, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.^^Fort Mohave, History, Mohave Indians^book^:
^1980^Carlson, V. F.^Carlson, V.F. (1980): They Came to the Little Colorado. Country Printers, Winslow, Arizona.^^Anglos, Little Colorado River, Mormons^book^:
^1980^Casebier, Dennis G.^Casebier, Dennis G. (1980): Camp Beale's Springs and The Hualpai Indians. Tales of the Mojave Road Publishing Company, Norco, California.^^Bill Williams River, Colorado River, Exploration, Hualapai, Virgin River^book^:
^1980^Diaz, H.;Quayle, R.^Diaz, H. & R. Quayle (1980): The Climate of the United States Since 1895, Spatial and Temporal Changes. Monthly Weather Review 108, 249-266.^^Climate^article^:
^1980^Dobyns, Henry F.;Euler, Robert C.^Dobyns, Henry F & Robert C. Euler (1980): Indians of the Southwest: a Critical Bibliography. Indiana University Press, Bloomington.^^Bibliography, Indians^book^:
^1980^Dubois, Susan M.;Smith, Ann W.^Dubois, Susan M. & Ann W. Smith (1980): The 1887 Earthquake, in San Bernardino Valley, Sonora: Historic Accounts and Intensity Patterns in Arizona. State of Arizona Bureau of Geology and Mineral Technology, University of Arizona, Tucson. (Special Paper No.^^Earthquake, Geology^book^:
^1980^Graf, William L.^Graf, William L. (1980): Introduction and Growth of Phreatophytes in the Channels of the Salt and Gila Rivers, Central Arizona. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles.^^Gila River, Phreatophytes, Salt River, Saltcedar^book^:
^1980^Hastings, James Rodney;Turner, Raymond M.^Hastings, James Rodney & Raymond M. Turner (1980 (4th printing)): The Changing Mile: An Ecological Study of Vegetation Change With Time in the Lower Mile of an Arid and Semiarid Region. 1965 ed. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.^The University of Arizona's Institute of Atmospheric Physics has for some years sponsored a broad research program dealing with the basic climatology of dry regions; this study, reinforced by a similar interest of the United States Geological Survey in the hydrology of such areas, is a direct product of that program. Using materials drawn from a variety of disciplines, 'The Changing Mile' explores the repective parts played by man and climate in altering the face of the arid Southwest of the United States and the arid Northwest of Mexico.^Climate, Environmental Change, Human Impact, Photos/art, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1980^Levings, C. W.^Levings, C.W. (1980): Water Resources in the Sedona Area, Yavapai and Coconino Counties, Arizona. (Arizona Water Commission Bulletin, No. 11.) Arizona Water Commission, Phoenix. 37 Pages.^^Coconino County, Oak Creek, Sedona, Water Supply, Yavapai County^book^:
^1980^Lewis, H. T.^Lewis, H.T. (1980): Hunter-Gatherers and Problems of Fire History. Pages 115-119 of the First History Workshop Proceedings.^^Fire, Indians^other^:
^1980^McGuire, T. R.^McGuire, T.R. (1980): Mixed-Bloods, Apaches, and Cattle Barons: Documents for a History of the Livestock Economy on the White Mountain Reservation, Arizona. University of Arizona, Tucson. 227 pages. (Cultural Resource Management Section, Arizona State Museum)^^Cattle, Economics, Grazing, White Mountain Apaches, White Mountains, White River^book^:
^1980^McNatt, R. M.;Hallock, R. J.;Anderson, A. W.^McNatt, R.M., R.J. Hallock & A.W. Anderson (1980): Riparian Habitat and Instream Flow Studies, Lower Verde River, Fort McDowell Reservation, Arizona. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque.^^Fort Mcdowell, Habitat, Riparian Areas, Streamflow, Verde River^book^:
^1980^Motroni, R.^Motroni, R. (1980): The Importance of Riparian Zones to Terrestrial Wildlife: An Annotated Bibliography. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Ecological Sciences, Sacramento, California. 83 Pages.^^Bibliography, Riparian Areas, Wildlife^book^:
^1980^Nentvig, Juan^Nentvig, Juan (1980): Rudo Ensayo: A Description of Arizona and Sonora in 1764. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Description, Exploration, Sonora, Spanish^book^:
^1980^Nogales Centennial Committee^Nogales Centennial Committee (1980): Nogales Arizona 1880-1980, Centennial Anniversary. (Series Ed: Ready, Alma.) Nogales Centennial Committee, Nogales, Arizona.^The little town of Nogales, Pima County, Arizona Territory, had existed for 13 years when it became incorporated on July 21, 1893. The board of Supervisors appointed a town council consisting of Theodor Gebler, James B. Mix, Anton Proto, George B. Marsh, and E. B. Hogan and the council elected Mix as Mayor.^History, Nogales, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1980^Poglayen, Inge;Helms, Christopher^Poglayen, Inge & Christopher Helms(1980): The Beaver: Nature's Premier Conservationist. Sonorensis (Summer), 5-12.^^Beaver^article^:
^1980^Powell, Lawrence Clark;Collier, Michael;Babbitt, Bruce E.^Powell, Lawrence Clark, Michael Collier & Bruce E. Babbitt (1980): Where Water Flows: The Rivers of Arizona. Northland Press, Flagstaff.^^Colorado River, Dams, Description, Gila River, History, Little Colorado River, Salt River, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Verde River^book^:
^1980^Rucks, M. R.^Rucks, M.R. (1980): Riparian Inventory of Aravaipa Canyon. Bureau of Land Management, Safford District Office Files, Safford, Arizona.^^Aravaipa Creek, Surveys, Vegetation, Wildlife^book^:
^1980^Sauer, C. O.^Sauer, C.O. (1980): 17th Century North America. Turtle Island Press, Berkeley.^^Exploration, Indians, Military, Missions, Spanish^book^:
^1980^Schickedanz, J. G.^Schickedanz, J.G. (1980): History of Grazing in the Southwest. In: Grazing Management Systems for Southwest Rangelands. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 1-9.^^Grazing, History^chapter^:
^1980^Simpson, C. G.^Simpson, C.G. (1980): Why and How: Some Problems and Methods in Historical Biology. Pergamon Press, Oxford.^^Biology, Historical Accuracy^book^:
^1980^Sizer, Bill^Sizer, Bill (1980): Wildlife Views: Fifty Years. Arizona Wildlife Views 23(1, January), 1-111.^History of Arizona Game and Fish Department^wildlife^article^:
^1980^Southeastern Arizona Governments Organization (SEAGO);Arizona Department of Health Services^Southeastern Arizona Governments Organization (SEAGO) & Arizona Department of Health Services (1980): San Pedro River Valley Water Quality. SEAGO, Phoenix.^^San Pedro River, Water Quality^book^:
^1980^Stokes, M. A.;Dieterich, J. H.^Stokes, M.A. & J.H. Dieterich (Eds.) (1980): Fire History Workshop: Proceedings. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado. 142 Pages.^^Anthology/proceedings, Fire^book^:
^1980^Trafzer, Clifford E.^Trafzer, Clifford E. (1980): Yuma: Frontier Crossing of the Far Southwest. Western Heritage Books, Inc., Wichita.^The one-armed, fiery Irishman, Lieutenant Thomas Sweeny, candidly asked himself, 'What, in the name of common sense, could be the object of our government in establishing a military post at the mouth of the Gila River?' This god-awful place, according to the lieutenant, was surrounded 'by at least two hundred and fifty miles of sandy desert in every direction, upon which no living thing (except an occasional lizard) is to be seen, either upon its dreary surface, or in the air above, and where wood, water, and grass ... are as scarce as snow storms in the tropics.' Sweeny was not favorably impressed with the region surrounding the confluence of the Gila and Colorado Rivers, but this land of 'jackrabbits and coyotes' had already played a significant role in the history of the American Southwest by the time Sweeny was stationed here in 1851. Indeed, the Yuma Crossing had witnessed many frontier experiences during the centuries that preceded Sweeny's arrival, and it continues to do so Today.^Colorado River, Exploration, Ferries, Gila River, Railroads, Spanish, Steamboats, Yuma^book^:
^1980^Trimble, Stephen^Trimble, Stephen (1980): Paria Journal. Plateau 52(1), 18-25.^^Description, Journals, Paria River^article^:
^1980^Turner, Raymond M.;Karpiscak, Martin M.^Turner, Raymond M. & Martin M. Karpiscak (1980): Recent Vegetation Changes Along the Colorado River Between Glen Canyon Dam and Lake Mead, Arizona. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 1132)^^Colorado River, Environmental Change, Exotic Species, Glen Canyon Dam, Lake Mead, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1980^USDA Forest Service^USDA Forest Service (1980): Wild and Scenic Rivers Study - Salt River: Draft Environmental Impact Statement. U.S. Forest Service, Albuquerque. 55 Pages.^^Ecology, Salt River, Surveys, Wild & Scenic Rivers^book^:
^1979^Accomozzo, Betty^Accomozzo, Betty (Ed.) (1979): Arizona National Ranch Histories of Living Pioneer Stockmen. Arizona National Cattlegrowers Association, Phoenix, Arizona.^^Biography, Cattle, Ranching^book^:
^1979^Agricultural Research Service^Agricultural Research Service. (1979): 60 Years of Change on a Central Arizona Woodland Ecotone. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Agricultural Research Service.^^Vegetation Change, Woodlands^book^:
^1979^Alonso, R. C.^Alonso, R.C. (1979): Desert Grassland Mesquite and Fire. University of Arizona, Tucson. (PhD Dissertation)^Some ecological and physiological reactions of velvet mesquite, Emory oak, blue grama, and sideoats grama to high temperatures are Reported.^Fire, Grasslands, Mesquite Trees^book^:
^1979^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Anderson, Bertin W. & Robert D. Ohmart (1979): Riparian Revegetation: An Approach to Mitigating for a Disappearing Habitat in the Southwest. In: The Mitigation Symposium: A National Workshop on Mitigating Losses of Fish and Wildlife Habitats. (Ed: Swanson, G.A.) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-65.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, 481-487.^^Habitat, Restoration, Riparian Areas, Species Decline, Wildlife^chapter^:
^1979^Anderson, T. W.;White, Natalie D.^Anderson, T.W. & Natalie D. White (1979): Statistical Summaries of Arizona Streamflow Data. (U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations, No. 79-5.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^San Pedro River, Streamflow, Surveys^book^:
^1979^Beers, H. P.^Beers, H.P. (1979): Spanish and Mexican Records of the American Southwest: A Bibliographic Guide to Archive and Manuscript Sources. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Bibliography, Mexico, Spanish^book^:
^1979^Brown, David E.;Lowe, Charles H.;Pase, Charles P.^Brown, David E., Charles H. Lowe & Charles P. Pase (1979): A Digitized Classification System for the Biotic Communities of North America, with Community (series) and Association Examples for the Southwest. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 14, 1-16.^^Classification, Ecosystems, Riparian Areas, Wetlands^article^:
^1979^Cope, O. B.^Cope, O.B. (Ed.) (1979): Proceedings of the Forum on Grazing and Riparian/Stream Ecosystems. Trout Unlimited Inc., Denver. 94 Pages.^^Anthology/proceedings, Ecosystems, Grazing, Riparian Areas^book^:
^1979^Crosswhite, Frank S.^Crosswhite, Frank S. (1979): J.G. Lemmon & Wife, Plant Explorers in Arizona, California, and Nevada. Desert Plants 1, 12-21.^^Anglos, Biography, Botany, Exploration^article^:
^1979^Esposito, David M.;Milne, Michael M.;Simpson, A. Hyatt^Esposito, David M., Michael M. Milne & A. Hyatt Simpson (1979): Verde Valley Water Pollution Source Analysis. Northern Arizona Council of Governments, Flagstaff. 148 Pages.^^Verde River, Water Quality^book^:
^1979^Euler, Robert C.^Euler, Robert C. (1979): The Havasupai of the Grand Canyon. American West 16(May/June), 12-17, 65.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Havasupai^article^:
^1979^Euler, Robert C.;Gumerman, George J.;Karlstrom, Thor N. V.;Dean, Jeffrey S.;Hevly, Richard H.^Euler, Robert C., George J. Gumerman, Thor N.V. Karlstrom, Jeffrey S. Dean & Richard H. Hevly (1979): The Colorado Plateaus: Cultural Dynamics and Paleoenvironment. Science 205(4411, September 14), 1081-1101.^"Convergent archeological, geological, palynological, dendrochronological, and radiometric data provide a paleoenvironmental record for the American Southwest at a level of detail and time resolution not previously achieved. Many prehistoric cultural and demographic changes on the Colorado Plateaus coincided with environmental fluctuations defined by precisely dated geoclimatic and bioclimatic indicators. These coincidences support the interpretation that socioeconomic changes and population displacements were commonly triggered by environmental Stress."^Archaeology, Climate, Colorado River, Dendrochronology, Geology, Indians, Little Colorado River, Paleobotany, Paleoclimatology, Pollen, Population^article^:
^1979^Fish, Paul R.;Bernstein, N. K.^Fish, Paul R. & N.K. Bernstein (1979): A Bibliography of Arizona Archaeology. Arizona Archaeological Council, Tucson.^^Archaeology, Bibliography^book^:
^1979^Fritts, Harold C.;Lofgren, G. Robert;Gordon, Geoffrey A.^Fritts, Harold C., G. Robert Lofgren & Geoffrey A. Gordon (1979): Variations in Climate Since 1602 as Reconstructed from Tree Rings. Quaternary Research 12, 18-46.^"Spatial anomalies of tree-ring chronologies can provide information on high-frequency spatial anomalies in paleoclimate representing droughts, colder-than-normal intervals, and other synoptic-scale features. Examples are presented in which 65 tree-ring chronologies are calibrated with spatial anomalies in North American meterological records of seasonal temperature and precipitation, and with sea-level pressure over the North American and North Pacific sectors. Multivariate transfer functions are obtained that scale and convert the past spatial variations in the tree-ring record into estimates of past variations in the meteorological record. Objective verifications of the reconstructions are obtained using independent meteorological observations for time periods other than those used in the calibration. Historical information or other proxy data from the 19th century are also used for verifying the decadal (or longer) and regional reconstructions and for identifying strengths and weaknesses of the various sources of information. The reconstructed winter and summer temperatures for the United States had southwestern Canada and winter precipitation for the Columbia Basin and California during the 17th through 19th centures were found to differ from the 20th century means with large-scale variations evident. Extreme winters similar to 1976-77 are also identified and found to be more frequent in the past, especially in the 17th century. The climatic reconstructions in this time domain are dominated by high-frequency, synoptic-scale fluctuations that can be interpreted as cyclonic-scale changes in atmospheric circulation. Such reconstructions may be useful for testing barious climatic models and estimates developed primarily from 20th-century meteorological data against the longer estimated record for the 17th through 19th Centures."^climate, Dendrochronology^article^:
^1979^Gross, F. A.;Dick-Peddie, W. A.^Gross, F.A. & W.A. Dick-Peddie (1979): A Map of Primeval Vegetation in New Mexico USA. The Southwestern Naturalist 24, 115-122.^This work has been expanded to create a map using the territorial survey records as a data source for the reconstruction of New Mexico vegetation patterns for the period 1875-1900.^Native Species, New Mexico, Plant Geography, Vegetation^article^:
^1979^Jamail, Milton H.;Ullery, Scott J.^Jamail, Milton H. & Scott J. Ullery (1979): International Water Use Relations Along the Sonoran Desert Borderlands. (Arid Lands Resource Information Paper, No. 14.) Office of Arid Lands Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson.^"Like the New River, the San Pedro River is plagued by a pollution problem which originates in Mexico, enters the United States, and adversely affects the citizens of both countries. Since at least 1977, the Compaņ_a Minera de Cananea copper mine in Cananea, Sonora, has been the source of heavy metal contamination of the river. Runoff from unusually heavy rainfall has periodically overtaxed the capacity of large tailings ponds and seriously deteriorated the large earthen dams which contain the ponds. Seepage and overflow carrying copper, iron, managanese, and zinc have reached a wash flowing into the nearby San Pedro and contaminated waters flowing into the United States."^Mining, San Pedro River, U.s.-mexico Border, Water Quality, Water Supply^book^:
^1979^Johnson, C.;Scott, S.;Miller, D.^Johnson, C., S. Scott & D. Miller (1979): Depositional History of the Colorado River. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 11, 451.^^Colorado River, Geomorphology, Sedimentation^article^:
^1979^Johnson, T. N.;Elson, J. W.^Johnson, T.N. & J.W. Elson (1979): 60 Years of Change on a Central Arizona Grassland-Juniper Woodland Ecotone. (USDA Science Education Administration, ARM-W-7.) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 28 Pages.^^Grasslands, Uplands, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1979^Jones, O. L.^Jones, O.L. (1979): Los Paisanos: Spanish Settlers on the Northern Frontier of New Spain. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Exploration, History, Missions, Settlement, Spanish^book^:
^1979^Khera, Sigrid^Khera, Sigrid (1979): The Yavapai of Fort McDowell: an Outline of their History and Culture. Fort McDowell Mohave-Apache Indian Community, Fountain Hills. 70 Pages.^^Apaches, Culture, Fort Mcdowell, History, Verde River^book^:
^1979^Klopatek, J. M. et al.^Klopatek, J.M. et al. (1979): Land-Use Conflicts With Natural Vegetation in the United States. Environmental Conservation 6, 191-199.^^Human Impact, Land Use, Native Species^article^:
^1979^Lewis, M. A.;Burraychak, R.^Lewis, M.A. & R. Burraychak (1979): Impact of Copper Mining on a Desert Intermittent Stream in Central Arizona - A Summary. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 14(1), 22-29.^^Human Impact, Mining, Water Quality^article^:
^1979^Manning, R. E.^Manning, R.E. (1979): Impact of Recreation on Riparian Soils and Vegetation. Water Resources Bulletin 15, 30-43.^^Human Impact, Recreation, Soil, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1979^Minckley, W. L.;Clarkson, R. W.^Minckley, W.L. & R.W. Clarkson (1979): Fishes. In: Resource Inventory for the Gila River Complex, Eastern Arizona. (Eds: Minckley, W.L. & M.R. Sommerfeld) Arizona State University, Tempe, 510-531.^^Fish, Gila River^chapter^:
^1979^National Archives^National Archives (1979): The American Image: Photographs From the National Archives, 1860-1960. Pantheon Books, New York.^^Bibliography, Photos/art^book^:
^1979^Powell, Lawrence Clark^Powell, Lawrence Clark (1979): The River Between. Capra Press, Santa Barbara.^^Rivers^book^:
^1979^Riley, Laura;Riley, William^Riley, Laura & William Riley (1979): Guide to National Wildlife Refuges. Anchor Press/Doubleday, Garden City, New York.^^Colorado River, Handbook/field Guide, Recreation, Refuges/preserves, Wildlife^book^:
^1979^Rogers, Walter^Rogers, Walter (1979): Looking Backward to Cope With Water Shortages... A History of Native Plants in Southern Arizona. Landscape Architecture 69(3, May), 304-314.^^Exotic Species, Native Species, Santa Cruz River, Tucson^article^:
^1979^Sheridan, D.^Sheridan, D. (1979): Off-Road Vehicles on Public Land. Council on Environmental Quality, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 84 Pages.^^Human Impact, Public Lands, Recreation^book^:
^1979^Stewart, D. M.^Stewart, D.M. (1979): The Life and Times of Colonel Claude H. Birdseye, Explorer, Surveyor, Geographer, Soldier, Humanitarian. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 11, 130.^^Anglos, Biography, Colorado River, Exploration^article^:
^1979^Summerhayes, Martha^Summerhayes, Martha (1979): Vanished Arizona: Recollections of the Army Life of a New England Woman. 1911 ed. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.^From the Introduction by Dan L. Thrapp: "Beneath the fresh Atlantic salt-breezes of Nantucket Island, Martha Dunham was born into a cultured Puritan household as befit a descendant of Jonathan Edwards. Bitterly convinced that she was misplaced amid the blistering, wind-blown grit clouds of the nineteenth-century Arizona desert, she yet went out there willingly in response to a greater call: 'I had cast my lot with a soldier and where he was, was home to me, ' as she explained, thirty eventful years Later."^Anglos, Biography, Colorado River, Fort Mcdowell, Military, Steamboats, White Mountains^book^:
^1979^Van Devender, Thomas R.;Spaulding, W. Geoffrey^Van Devender, Thomas R. & W. Geoffrey Spaulding (1979): Development of Vegetation and Climate in the Southwestern United States. Science 204(May 18), 701-710.^In the past 15 years, analysis of packrat (Neotoma) middens has provided several hundred radiocarbon-dated fossil plant assemblages from now arid and semiarid regions in the southwestern United States. Packrats thoroughly sampled the vegetation on rocky slopes within 100 meters of the dry, protected shelters where middens are built and preserved. Many of the hundreds of plants in the fossil middens have been identified to species, allowing their distributions and autoecologies to be used in paleoclimatic reconstructions. Fossil middens allow detailed paleoecological reconstructions of past communities in areas with few other sources of perishable organic materials. On the basis of the packrate midden record, we describe here the vegetational changes and inferred climates during the past 22, 000 years in the warm deserts of the southwestern United States.^Climate, Vegetation^article^:
^1979^Weiner, Melissa R.^Weiner, Melissa R. (1979): Prescott Yesteryears. Primrose Press, Prescott. 40 Pages.^^Granite Creek, History, Prescott^book^:
^1979^Wells, D.;Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Wells, D., Bertin W. Anderson & Robert D. Ohmart (1979): Comparative Avian Use of Southwestern Citrus Orchards and Riparian Communities. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 14(2), 53-58.^^Agriculture, Birds, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1979^Willey,Richard R.^Willey,Richard R. (1979):La Canoa: A Spanish Land Grant Lost and Found. The Smoke Signal 38(Fall), 154-170.^"The fantastic land claim of James A. Reavis, the 'Baron of Arizona,' and the dramatic motion picture of the same name, both brought public attention to the complex and devious problems which arose from Spanish and Mexican land claims in what is now U.S. territory in the Southwest. the Reavis-Peralta episode was an exquisitely planned fraud, but there were dozens of additional land claims made under Spanish law which posed other intriguing problems to those who sought them and to the U.S. court which ultimately had to settle Them."^Land Grants, Santa Cruz River, Spanish^article^:
^1979^Wishart, D. J.^Wishart, D.J. (1979): The Fur Trade of the American West 1807-1840. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.^^Beaver, Hunting/fishing/trapping, Otter^book^:
^1978^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Anderson, Bertin W. & Robert D. Ohmart (1978): Agriculture/Natural Habitats Literature Review of Agriculture-Wildlife Relationships. Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nevada.^^Agriculture, Bibliography, Habitat, Wildlife^book^:
^1978^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.;Disano, J.^Anderson, Bertin W., Robert D. Ohmart & J. Disano (1978): Revegetating the Riparian Floodplain for Wildlife. In: Strategies for Protection and Management of Floodplain Wetlands and Other Riparian Ecosystems. (Proceedings of the Sym-posium) (Eds: Johnson, R.R. & J.F. McCormick) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, WO-12.) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Callaway Gardens, Georgia, 318-331.^"A two-phased study of riparian vegetation-wildlife interactions in the lower Colorado River is described. Efforts were directed at discovery of vegetative characteristics to which bird populations were responding in the first phase; this leads to the second phase, a discovery that horizontal and vertical foliage diversity and presence of cottonwood or willow trees were correlated witht he number of species in an Area."^Colorado River, Restoration, Riparian Areas, Wildlife^chapter^:
^1978^Betancourt,Julio^Betancourt,Julio (1978):Cultural Resources Within the Proposed Santa Cruz Riverpark Archaeological District. (Archaeological Series, No. 125.) Cultural Resource Management Section, Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson. 113 Pages.^^Archaeology, History, Santa Cruz River, Water Loss^book^:
^1978^Blair, Gerry^Blair, Gerry (1978): The Burro Problem at Grand Canyon. National Parks and Conservation Magazine 52(March), 10-14.^^Colorado River, Feral Animals, Grand Canyon^article^:
^1978^Blair, W. N.^Blair, W.N. (1978): Gulf of California in Lake Mead area of Arizona and Nevada during late Miocene Time. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 62, 1159-1170.^^Colorado River, Geology, Lake Mead^article^:
^1978^Bronson, Leisa G.^Bronson, Leisa G. (1978): Cowmen on the Verde. Journal of Arizona History (Fall), 261.^^Cattle, Ranching, Verde River^article^:
^1978^Brown, E. W.^Brown, E.W. (1978): The Night the Dam Went Out. Apache County Historical Society Quarterly 4(July), 33.^^Dam Collapse, Dams, Little Colorado River^article^:
^1978^Buchanan, James E.^Buchanan, James E. (1978): Phoenix: a Chronology and Documentary History 1865-1976. Oceans, Dobbs Ferry. 149 Pages.^^Chronology, History, Phoenix^book^:
^1978^Byrkit, J. W.^Byrkit, J.W. (1978): A Log of the Verde: The Taming of an Arizona River. Journal of Arizona History 19(1, Spring), 31.^The Verde River is the only perennial waterway remaining in Arizona. Though its flow is puny in many places, it is never dry. It drains more than 6600 square miles of Arizona's high Colorado Plateau and mid-level river basin region and records show that over an eighty-eight-year period of time it discharged 657 cubic feet per second near its mouth, making it second only to the Salt in annual intra-Arizona drainage. For many thousands of years its waters, a critical source of food, drink and shelter, have been a magnet for all animals, man included. Prehistoric people channeled the water to grow irrigated crops. Modern newcomers felt that they could do the same. And so they set about transforming nature by 'taming' the 'raging' floods and by 'harnessing' the 'fitful' streams and rivers, forgetting that Nature did not design Arizona to support farms and fountains, cities and subdivisions, smelters and swimming Pools.^Dams, Human Impact, Urbanization, Verde River, Water Supply^article^:
^1978^Cohan, D. R.;Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Cohan, D.R., Bertin W. Anderson & Robert D. Ohmart (1978): Avian Population Responses to Saltcedar Along the Lower Colorado River. In: Strategies for Protection and Management for Floodplain Wetlands and Other Riparian Ecosystems. (Eds: Johnson, R.R. & J.F. McCormick) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, WO-12.) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 371-382.^"Avian species were reported to react to salt cedar (Tamarix chinensis) and three other types of riparian vegetation seasonally and in different ways relating to the presence or absence of salt cedar and associated insect Biomass."^Birds, Colorado River, Saltcedar^chapter^:
^1978^Conine, K. H.;Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.;Drake, J. F.^Conine, K.H., Bertin W. Anderson, Robert D. Ohmart & J.F. Drake (1978): Responses of Riparian Species to Agricultural Habitat Conversions. In: Strategies for Protection and Management of Floodplain Wetlands and Other Riparian Ecosystems. (Proceedings of the Symposium) (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy & J.F. McCormick) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, WO-12.) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 248-262. 410 Pages.^^Agriculture, Restoration, Riparian Areas, Vegetation Change, Wildlife^chapter^:
^1978^Davisson, Lori^Davisson, Lori (1978): Arizona's White River - A Working Watercourse. Journal of Arizona History 19(1, Spring), 55-72.^Like the well-chronicled Gila, Salt and Colorado, the White River of Central Arizona has served many purposes. The only practical use to which it has not been put is transportation. Any voyages on it were purely accidental and not in accordance with the wishes of those being transported. In all other aspects, however, it has been a working river with a long and colorful history of utilization for practical Purposes.^History, Human Impact, White River^article^:
^1978^Dean, Jeffrey S.;Robinson, William J.^Dean, Jeffrey S. & William J. Robinson (1978): Expanded Tree-Ring Chronologies for the Southwest. (U.S. Chronology Series, No. 3.) Lab of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Climate, Dendrochronology^book^:
^1978^DeKok, David^DeKok, David (1978): A Bibliography of References and Data Sources on the Arizona Lands Bordering the Lower Colorado River. University of Arizona Agricultural Extension Office, Tucson.^^Bibliography, Colorado River, Land Use^book^:
^1978^Dobyns, Henry F.^Dobyns, Henry F. (1978): Who Killed the Gila? Journal of Arizona History 19(1, Spring).^Once upon a time the beautiful Gila River flowed clear and abundantly westward for hundreds of miles from mountain headwaters in southwestern New Mexico, emptying into the Colorado River not far north of its own delta at the head of the Gulf of California. From its many small tributaries to its mouth the Gila River system contributed abundant food resources to Native Americans living near its banks. In the mountains they built many run-off-control structures of stone to exploit scant precipitation. Along the middle Gila, west of the mountains, other tribesmen diverted much of the river mainstream and Salt River tributary flow into large irrigation canals to water thousands of hectares of summer crops supporting a dense oasis population. Below the mouth of Salt river along the Lower Gila, other tribesmen planted crops on shifting sandbars and flourished on abundant fish they could catch in a few Minutes.^Agriculture, Colorado River, Gila River, Human Impact, Pima Indians, Population Decline, Salt River, Species Decline, Water Loss^article^:
^1978^Fireman, B.^Fireman, B. (1978): The Honeymoon Trail. Arizona Highways (March).^^Little Colorado River, Mormons, Settlement, Travel^article^:
^1978^Franzreb, K. E.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Franzreb, K.E. & Robert D. Ohmart (1978): The Effects of Timber Harvesting on Breeding Birds in a Mixed-Coniferous Forest. Condor 80, 431-441.^^Birds, Forests/woodlands, Human Impact, Logging^article^:
^1978^Hague, Harlan^Hague, Harlan (1978): The Road to California: The Search for a Southern Overland Route 1540-1848. (American Trails Series XI.) The Arthur H. Clark Company, Glendale, California.^Among the most exciting stories about western America are the histories of trails and the journals of trailmakers. Particularly absorbing are the narratives of the earliest expeditions to Oregon and California, the stuff of adventure and empire and the great American obsession with being first. Yet, nowhere in all this literature is the complete story told of the first overland route to the Pacific Ocean coast of what is now the United States. The first non-Indian to reach the coast by a land route was neither English nor American; he was Spanish. The year was 1774. The trail ran not beside the Platte River through the central plains, but along the Gila River through the southwestern deserts. There were many variations of the latter trail, the last not established until 1848. It is that story, the beginnings of the southern overland route to California, that this book Tells.^Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Trails/roads^book^:
^1978^Hecht, M. E.^Hecht, M.E. (1978): Agriculture: Its Historic and Contemporary Role in Arizona's Economy. Arizona Review 27, 10.^^Agriculture, Economics^article^:
^1978^Hooper, C. R.; Hooper, Mildred^Hooper, C. R.; Hooper, Mildred (1978):Ride the Old Ghost Trails. Outdoor Arizona Febraury, 22-25.^Looking for old raods that take you into days gone by? Then try Mohave County, northwest of Wickenburg, where ghost trails - some frayed as old rope - throw a wide loop around Alamo Lake. Tracks made by old ore wagons ravel down the hillsides. Paths thread through the debris of old mining camps. And the wind sighs through mesquites and pale verdes, perhaps whispering of hell-roaring days when ore was discovered along the Bill Williams and the Big Sandy Rivers.^Bill Williams River, Colorado River, Mining^article^:
^1978^Hughes, J. Donald^Hughes, J .Donald (1978): In the House of Stone and Light; a Human History of the Grand Canyon. Grand Canyon Natural History Association, Grand Canyon, Arizona.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, History, Human Impact, Indians^book^:
^1978^Johnson, Robert R.^Johnson, Robert R. (1978): The Lower Colorado River: A Western System. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Strategies for Protection and Management of Floodplain Wetlands and Other Riparian Ecosystems. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy & J.F. McCormick) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, WO-12.) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 41-55.^A historic look at the Colorado River illustrates the drastic effects of human activity on most western Rivers.^Anthology/proceedings, Colorado River, Ecosystems, Human Impact, Precipitation, Riparian Areas, Rivers, Wetlands^chapter^:
^1978^Keith, Susan J.^Keith, Susan J. (1978): Ephemeral Flow and Water Quality Problems: A Case Study of the San Pedro River in Southeastern Arizona. In: Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest. Vol. 8. Arizona Section-American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section-Arizona Academy of Science, Phoenix, 97-100. (Proceedings of the 1978 Meetings)^^Ephemeral Streams, San Pedro River, Water Quality^chapter^:
^1978^Kelly, Isabel;Officer, James E.;Haury, Emil W.^Kelly, Isabel, James E. Officer & Emil W. Haury (1978): The Hodges Ruin: A Hohokam Community in the Tucson Basin. (Series Ed: Hartmann, Gayle H.) University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Archaeology, Hohokam, Rillito, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1978^Khera, Sigrid^Khera, Sigrid (1978): The Yavapai of Fort McDowell: An Outline of Their History and Culture. Arizona State University, Tempe.^^Ethnology, Fort Mcdowell, Verde River, Yavapai Tribe^book^:
^1978^Lingenfelter, Richard E.^Lingenfelter, Richard E. (1978): Steamboats on the Colorado River 1852-1916. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 195 Pages.^^Colorado River, Steamboats^book^:
^1978^Office of Arid Land Studies^Office of Arid Land Studies (1978): An Inventory of Riparian Habitats Along the San Pedro River. University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Riparian Areas, San Pedro River, Surveys^book^:
^1978^Reichhardt, Karen L.;Schladweiler, B.;Stelling, John L.^Reichhardt, Karen L., B. Schladweiler & John L. Stelling (1978): An Inventory of Riparian Habitats Along the San Pedro River. Office of Arid Land Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Habitat, Riparian Areas, San Pedro River, Surveys^book^:
^1978^Remick, W. H.^Remick, W.H. (1978): Bibliography of Selected Reports on Groundwater in Arizona. Arizona Department of Water Resources, Phoenix.^^Bibliography, Groundwater^book^:
^1978^Schmutz, Ervin M.^Schmutz, Ervin M. (1978): Classified Bibliography on Native Plants of Arizona. Soil Conservation Service, Tucson.^^Bibliography, Botany, Native Species^book^:
^1978^Sheridan, Thomas E.;Nabhan, Gary P.^Sheridan, Thomas E. & Gary P. Nabhan (1978): Living With a River: Traditional Farmers of the Rio San Miguel. Journal of Arizona History 19(1, Spring).^^Agriculture, Indians, Irrigation, Mexico^article^:
^1978^Stamp, Nancy E.^Stamp, Nancy E. (1978): Breeding Birds of Riparian Woodland in South-Central Arizona. Condor 80, 64-71.^Riparian woodland habitats in the Southwest are extremely important breeding places, wintering areas, and corridors for migration of birds. These habitats are the least extensive in the region but they have the highest densities and diversities of avian Species.^Birds, Habitat, Riparian Areas, Verde River^article^:
^1978^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey (1978): Command Post at Andrade. Journal of Arizona History 19(1, Spring), 73-90.^In 1901 Southern California tapped the Colorado River and began using the water for irrigation in the great Salton Sink. In 1905 the river broke loose and sent its flow westward through a new channel, forming the Salton Sea. More than two years went by before it could be brought back into its normal course, and for a long time thereafter unceasing vigilance was the price of safety along the western bank. The story is one of the most unusual chapters in Southwestern history and a summary of events is essential to an understanding of the essay which Follows...^Canals, Colorado River, Irrigation^article^:
^1978^The Centennial Committee^The Centennial Committee (1978):The Life and Times of Snowflake, 1878-1978: A History in Stories. The Centennial Committee, Snowflake, Arizona. 112 Pages.^^Cottonwood Wash, History^book^:
^1978^Various authors^Various authors (1978): Entire issue devoted to dams, lakes, and cities along the Colorado River. Outdoor Arizona (July).^^Colorado River, Dams, Human Impact, Lakes, Urbanization^article^:
^1978^Weisiger, Marsha L.^Weisiger, Marsha L. (1978): This History of Tempe, Arizona, 1871-1930: A Preliminary Report. Manuscript on file at Tempe Historical Museum.^"Ever since Hayden's Ferry, later known as classical 'Tempe', was founded by Charles Trumbull Hayden over a century ago, the community has been a focal point in the development of Arizona civilization. It has been the scene of freighting, early canal construction, innovative agriculture, the development of higher education and other pursuits which have influenced the entire state. With such a dramatic and important history it is curious that no major history of Tempe has yet appeared. Marsha L. Weisiger has helped to fill this void through her writing of 'This History of Tempe, Arizona.' Ms. Weisiger is well suited for this task. She is a recent honors graduate in history at Arizona State University. As an ASU student she received special training in archival procedure, oral history and other fields essential for historical research. Although this is a preliminary report, it is a major step toward the publication of a complete hsitory of one of Arizona's most influential communities. It is my pleasure to commend to all persons who are interested in the continuing preservation of our cultural and historical heritage." (Charles C. Colley, Ph.D. Head, Arizona Collection, ASU Library)^Ferries, History, Salt River, Tempe^other^:
^1978^Western Writers of America^Western Writers of America (1978): Water Trails West. Doubleday, Garden City. 271 Pages.^^Anglos, Colorado River, History, Trails/roads^book^:
^1978^White, K.^White, K. (1978): The Little River That Did. Arizona Highways 54(8, August), 14-29.^^Little Colorado River, Railroads, Settlement^article^:
^1977^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1977): Water For Phoenix: Building the Roosevelt Dam. Journal of Arizona History 18(3, Autumn), 279-294.^The dam was dedicated on March 18, 1911, by former President Theodore Roosevelt himself - the father of conservation in the United States. His party arrived at the Phoenix railroad station at 9:03 on the morning of the great day and he appeared at the door of his private car a few minutes later to respond to the cheers of the assembled multitude. Phoenix was prepared to do him honor: bunting - flags - school children with shining faces - the National Guard to keep order. Thirteen automobiles were waiting - an exciting spectacle itself in those days - to carry the dignitaries, local and national, first to the speaker's stand in front of the city hall and then to the dusty roads which led to the dam. The ceremonies were scheduled to begin at 4 p.m. and it was necessary to keep the vehicles moving. Box lunches had been provided and the caravan stopped for twenty minutes at Mormon Flat to consume them - then onward Again.^Construction, Phoenix, Roosevelt Dam, Salt River, Salt River Project, Water Supply^article^:
^1977^Ames, C. R.^Ames, C.R. (1977): Along the Mexico Border: Then and Now. Journal of Arizona History 18, 431-446.^^Surveys, U.s.-mexico Border, Vegetation^article^:
^1977^Ames, Charles R.^Ames, Charles R. (1977): Wildlife Conflicts in Riparian Management: Grazing. In: The Importance, Preservation and Management of the Riparian Habitat. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy & Dale A. Jones) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, GTR-RM43.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, 49-58.^Grazing has a negative impact on riparian zones. These zones constitute a small but critically important part of the range resource. The riparian types in southern Arizona have increased from what they were 100 years ago. The increase has occurred through stream eutrophication and is most noticable where the streams pass through the grassland type. Protection of the riparian type where grazing is an established use can only be effectively achieved through Fencing.^Grazing, Wildlife^chapter^:
^1977^Anderson, Bertin W.;Ohmart, Robert D.^Anderson, Bertin W. & Robert D. Ohmart (1977): Vegetation Structure and Bird Use in the Lower Colorado River Valley. In: The Importance, Preservation and Management of the Riparian Habitat: Proceedings of the Symposium. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy; & Jones, Dale A.) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, GTR-RM43.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, 23-34.^Data from riparian communities along the lower Colorado river are used in discussing relationships between the avifauna and the structure of plant communities. Correlations between bird population parameters and vegetation structural characteristics were found to vary seasonally. The mean habitat breadth of all species is narrowest with respect to vegetative structure in winter and broadest in summer; permanent residents occupy the structural types more evenly than visitors. The habitat breadth of various species is greater in summer than winter. Narrower habitat breadths are accompanied by reduced habitat overlap among the species in winter, suggesting that winter is potentially the time of greatest stress. Permanent residents tend to be less specialized with respect to structure than visitors. These facts suggest that since winter requirements are different from but equally as important as breeding requirements, they should receive at least equal attention. The requirements of wintering visitors should receive special attention becaues they showed a higher degree of habitat specialization than permanent Residents.^Birds, Colorado River, Ecosystems, Habitat, Migration, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1977^Arizona Department of Health Services^Arizona Department of Health Services (1977): Water Quality Management Basin Plan - Colorado Main Stem River. Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix. 344 Pages.^^Colorado River, Water Quality^book^:
^1977^Arizona Department of Health Services^Arizona Department of Health Services (1977): Water Quality Management Basin Plan - Salt River Basin. Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix. 324 Pages.^^Salt River, Water Quality^book^:
^1977^Bahre, Conrad J.^Bahre, Conrad J. (1977): Land-Use History of the Research Ranch, Elgin, Arizona. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Sciences 12(2, August), 1-32.^Seeking gold and plunder, they came out of Sinaloa north of the tropics. Exactly where they crossed the 31st parallel, and whether it was on the route leading into the headwaters of the San Pedro River of Arizona is unknown. More importantly, we can be sure that somewhere near the 31st parallel they found the rich grasslands and grassy woodlands of the Sonoran-Arizona Upland. Horses had not known this land for ten millenia. Entering with them, for the first time, were Cattle.^Grasslands, Grazing, History, Land Use, Ranching, Refuges/preserves, Santa Cruz River^article^:
^1977^Baxter, R. M.^Baxter, R.M. (1977): Environmental Effects of Dams and Impoundments. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 8, 255-283.^^Dams, Environmental Change^article^:
^1977^Bond, M. E.;Dunikoski, R. H.^Bond, M.E. & R.H. Dunikoski (1977): Impact of Second-home Development on Water Availability in North Central Arizona. Arizona State University Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Tempe.^^Human Impact, Salt River, Urbanization, Verde River, Water Supply^book^:
^1977^Bowden, Charles^Bowden, Charles (1977): Killing the Hidden Waters. University of Texas Press, Austin. 174 Pages.^^Environmental Change, Groundwater, Water Loss^book^:
^1977^Brown, David E.;Lowe, Charles H.;Hausler, Janet F.^Brown, David E., Charles H. Lowe & Janet F. Hausler (1977): Southwestern Riparian Com-munities: Their Biotic Importance and Management in Arizona. In: Importance, Preservation, and Management of Riparian Habitat: A Symposium. (Eds: Johnson, R.R. & D.A. Jones) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, GTR-RM43.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, 201-211. (Proceedings of the Symposium)^"The various riparian communities occuring in Arizona and the Southwest are described and their biotic importance discussed. Recommendations are made concerning the management of streamside environments and their watersheds. These include recommendations pertaining to the classification and inventory of riparian habitats; the determination of limiting factors for key riparian species; the establishment of study areas; the regulation and elimination of livestock grazing; the greater consideration of streamside vegetation in authorizing water management projects; and the more conservative use of our Watersheds."^Classification, Grazing, Rivers, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1977^Clifford, Josephine^Clifford, Josephine (1977): Overland Tales. Bancroft, San Francisco. 383 Pages.^^Anglos, Gila Bend, Gila River, Travel^book^:
^1977^Croxen, Sr, Fred W.^Croxen, Sr., Fred W. (1977): Dark Days in Central Arizona. Smoke Signal 34.^"Peaceful times came hard to the sparsely settled country below the Mogollon Rim."^Anglos, Gila River, History, Ranching, Verde River, White River^other^:
^1977^DeBano, Leonard F.^DeBano, Leonard F. (1977): Influence of Forest Practices on Water Yield, Channel Stability, Erosion, and Sedimentation in the Southwest. In: Proceedings, Society of American Foresters National Convention. Society of American Foresters, Washington D.C.^Water yield, erosion, and sedimentation processes in chaparral, pinyon juniper, ponderosa pine, and mixed conifer forests in the semiarid Southwest are Reviewed.^Erosion, Forests/woodlands, Logging, Sedimentation, Water Supply^chapter^:
^1977^DeCook, K. J.^DeCook, K.J. (1977): Surface Water Quality Monitoring, San Pedro River Basin, Arizona: A Report of the Arizona Department of Health Services. University of Arizona, Water Resources Research Center, Tucson.^^San Pedro River, Surface Water, Water Quality^book^:
^1977^Dick-Peddie, William A.;Hubbard, John P.^Dick-Peddie, William A. & John P. Hubbard (1977): Classification of Riparian Vegetation. In: The Importance, Preservation and Management of the Riparian Habitat. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy & Dale A. Jones) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, GTR-RM43.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, 85-90.^Historically, little attention has been given to vegetation associated with water courses. The reasons for this neglect are reviewed. Today there is considerable interest in riparian vegetation and a classification system would be of value. A classification system is proposed for riparian vegetation of New Mexico.^Classification, Riparian Areas, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1977^Glinski, Richard L.^Glinski, Richard L. (1977): An Introduction to the Raptors and Habitat of the San Pedro River. Department of Zoology, Arizona State University, Tempe.^^Birds, Habitat, San Pedro River^book^:
^1977^Hayden, B. P.;Dolan, P.;Carothers, S. W.^Hayden, B.P., P. Dolan & S.W. Carothers (1977): Float-Trip Campsites, Red Harvester Ants, and the Common Ant Lion: Man's Impact on Food Chains. In: Grand Canyon Studies (Museum of Northern Arizona, MS. rept.), pages 16-25 Cited by Carothers and Brown (1991, p. 220).^^Colorado River, Human Impact, Insects, Recreation^other^:
^1977^Horton, Jerome S.^Horton, Jerome S. (1977): The Development and Perpetuation of the Permanent Tamarisk Type in the Phreatophyte Zone of the Southwest. In: The Importance, Preservation and Management of the Riparian Habitat. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy & Dale A. Jones) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, GTR-RM43.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, 124-127.^Several species of tamarisk were introduced into the United States in the 19th century for ornamental use. Saltcedar became naturalized and by the 1920's was a dominant shrub along the Southwestern rivers. Its aggressive characters suit it to be a permanent dominant in much of the phreatophyte vegetation of this region. Successful management of this vegetation for any resource must carefully consider its ecological Characteristics.^Phreatophytes, Saltcedar, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1977^Hoysradt, David^Hoysradt, David (1977): The Santa Cruz River: It's not the Mississippi, but it's all we've got. The Tucson Citizen (August 13), 7-8, 10.^Tucson's tar-stained 22nd Street Wharf was always a favorite spot for little boys on summer afternoons in the 1870's. From there they would watch and cheer as the mighty sternwheelers nudged out into the current, pilots in the wheelhouses already squinting their eyes for any shifts in the ever-shifty channel of the Rio Santa Cruz. Broad and swift ran the stream in those days, but the rivermen knew their mesquite-filled boilers could drive them to the docks at Port of Nogales by Nightfall.^Description, History, Santa Cruz River^article^:
^1977^Johnson, R. Roy;Carothers, Steven W.;Dolan, Robert;Hayden, Bruce P.;Howard, Alan^Johnson, R.Roy, Steven W. Carothers, Robert Dolan, Bruce P. Hayden & Alan Howard (1977): Man's Impact on the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon. National Parks and Conservation Magazine 51(March), 12-16.^^Colorado River, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon, Human Impact, Recreation^article^:
^1977^Johnson, R. Roy;Haight, Lois T.;Simpson, James M.^Johnson, R.Roy, Lois T. Haight & James M. Simpson (1977): Endangered Species vs. Endangered Habitats: A Concept. In: The Importance, Preservation and Management of the Riparian Habitat. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy & Dale A. Jones) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, GTR-RM43.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, 68-79. (Proceedings of the Symposium)^"Although the great diversity within riparian ecosystems was recognized earlier, their extreme productivity was not discovered until this decade. The highest densities of nesting birds for North America have been reported from Southwest cottonwood riparian forests. Complete loss of riverine habitat in the Southwest lowlands could result in extirpation of 47 percent of the 166 species pf birds which nest in this Region."^Birds, Cottonwood-willow Forests, Endangered Species, Habitat, Human Impact, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1977^Johnson, Rich^Johnson, Rich (1977): The Central Arizona Project 1918-1968. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 242 Pages.^^Central Arizona Project, Colorado River, Construction, Water Supply^book^:
^1977^Jones, William R.^Jones, William R. (Ed.) (1977): Across Arizona in 1883. OUTBOOKS, Olympic Valley, California.^What was a trip across southern Arizona like in 1883? Here is an eyewitness account - by train, stage, horse, and foot - with looks at Yuma, Tucson, and Tombstone. The Indians are described, the wild element at Tombstone is reported, and the mission church of San Xavier del Bac depicted. It was a time of cowboys, City Marshall Wyatt Earp and gambler 'Doc' Holliday, and Apaches - the wild frontier days of Arizona long before it became a state. The material comes from Harper's Monthly, a national magazine of that early day, and most of the illustrations accompanied the original article. Unfortunately, we cannot credit the author; he was not identified. A few illustrations have been added from Adventures in the Apace Country (1869). Read this little booklet for a nostalgic look into the past, from the perspective of one who was There.^Anglos, Colorado River, Indians, San Pedro River, San Xavier, Santa Cruz County, Travel, Tucson, Yuma^book^:
^1977^Jorde, L. B.^Jorde, L.B. (1977): Precipitation Cycles and Cultural Buffering in the Prehistoric Southwest. In: For Theory Building in Archeology: Essays on Faunal Remains, Aquatic Resources, Spatial Analysis, and Systemic Modelling. (Ed: Binford, Lewis Roberts) Academic Press, New York, 385-396.^^Climate, Environmental Change, Indians, Precipitation^chapter^:
^1977^Keith, Susan J.^Keith, Susan J. (1977): The Impact of Groundwater Development in Aridlands. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Groundwater, Human Impact, Water Supply^book^:
^1977^Lewis, Michael A.^Lewis, Michael A. (1977): Influence of an Open-pit Copper Mine on the Ecology of an Upper Sonoran Intermittent Stream. MS Thesis, Arizona State University, Tempe. 110 P.^^Intermittent Streams, Mining, Water Quality^other^:
^1977^Martin, S. C.;Turner, R. M.^Martin, S.C. & R.M. Turner (1977): Vegetation Changes in the Sonoran Desert Region. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 12, 59-69.^^Sonoran Desert, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1977^Merrill, W. Earl^Merrill, W. Earl (1977): One Hundred Footprints on Forgotten Trails. (Book 4 of a Series) Lofgreen Printing Company, Mesa, Arizona.^^Dams, Ferries, Floods, Irrigation, Mesa, Salt River, Timber^book^:
^1977^Ohmart, Robert D.;Deason, W. O.;Burke, C.^Ohmart, Robert D, W.O. Deason & C. Burke (1977): Riparian Case History: The Colorado River. In: Symposium on the Importance, Preservation and Management of Riparian Habitat. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy & Dale A. Jones) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, GTR-RM43.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, 35-47. (Proceedings of the Symposium)^"Historically to present cottonwood communities have declined in abundance along the lower Colorado River to the condition that the future of this natural resource is precarious. Avain species showing strong specialization to cottonwood communities may be extirpated should the cottonwood community be lost from the river. Only through the concern and action by responsible agencies can we assure the persistance of this natural Resource."^Birds, Colorado River, Cottonwood-willow Forests, Dams, Species Decline, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1977^Outdoor World (Ed.)^Outdoor World (Ed.) (1977):Rivers of North America. Outdoor World, Waukesha, Wisconsin.^^Colorado River, History^book^:
^1977^Pase, Charles P.;Layser, Earle F.^Pase, Charles P. & Layser, Earle F. (1977): Classification of Riparian Habitat in the Southwest. In: The Importance, Preservation and Management of the Riparian Habitat. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy & Dale A. Jones) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, GTR-RM43.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, 5-18. (Proceedings of the Symposium)^The riparian areas in Arizona and New Mexico are uniquely productive wildlife habitats. A tentative classification based on the work of Brown and Lowe is proposed as a working model. Six biomes, nine series and 23 associations are tentatively recognized. Additional research is proposed to further refine the classification. The classification of riparian vegetation can provide a strong management Tool.^Classification, Ecosystems, Habitat, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1977^Rea, Amadeo M.^Rea, Amadeo M. (1977): Historical changes in the Avifauna of the Gila River Indian Reservation, Central Arizona. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson. 346 P.^^Birds, Gila River, Human Impact, Species Decline^other^:
^1977^Reed, Bill^Reed, Bill (1977): The Last Bugle Call: A History of Fort McDowell, Arizona Territory, 1865-1890. McClain Printing Company, Parsons, Wv.^^Fort Mcdowell, History, Military, Verde River^book^:
^1977^Rodgers, James B.^Rodgers, James B. (1977): Archaeological Invest-igation of the Granite Reef Aqueduct, Cave Creek Archaeological District, Arizona. Arizona State University, Tempe. (Anthropological Research Papers No.^The following report contains the description and interpretation of archaeological data recently recovered from AZ T:8:31 (ASU), AZ T:8:35 (ASU), and AZ T:8:38 (ASU). Situated within south-central Arizona, these sites form an integral part of the Cave Creek Archaeological District. Impact on these cultural resources will result from construction along Reach 10 of the Granite Reef Aqueduct, a feature of the Central Arizona Project. A plan to mitigate this adverse impact through a program of research was developed by the Bureau of Reclamation and approved by the State Historic Preservation Officer and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. The research was undertaken and completed by the Office of Cultural Resource Management, Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University. The Cave Creek Archaeological District contains a total of 25 sites reflecting varied domestic and subsistence activities. The majority of these sites form a homogeneous archaeological complex that suggests Hohokam expansion from the Salt River Valley. Local occupation was permanent but limited to less than 150 years. Relative and chronometric dating techniques bracket this occupancy between A.D. 1010 and 1130. An appended portion of this report employs palynological information to equate the initial use of the Cave Buttes area with a climatic period of increased moisture. Local prehistoric abandonment suggests an inability to cope with a subsequent climatic shift to more xeric Conditions.^Agriculture, Archaeology, Canals, Cave Creek, Hohokam, Paleobotany, Surveys^book^:
^1977^Rouse, John E.^Rouse, John E. (1977): The Criollo, Spanish Cattle in the Americas. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Cattle, Grazing, Spanish^book^:
^1977^Shaw, H. G.;Smith, R. H.^Shaw, H.G. & R.H. Smith (1977): Habitat Use Patterns of Merriam's Turkey in Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix. 33 Pages.^^Birds, Habitat^book^:
^1977^Sheridan, D.^Sheridan, D. (1977): Hard Rock Mining on the Public Land. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 37 Pages.^^Human Impact, Mining, Public Lands^book^:
^1977^Smith, Jedediah S.^Smith, Jedediah S. (1977): The Southwest Expedition of Jedediah S. Smith: His Personal Account of the Journey to California, 1826-1827. (Series Ed: Brooks, George R.) The Arthur H. Clark Company, Glendale, California.^^Anglos, Beaver, Colorado River, Exploration, Journals, Maps^book^:
^1977^Stevens, Lawrence E.;Brown, Bryan T.;Simpson, James M.;Johnson, R. Roy^Stevens, Lawrence E., Bryan T. Brown, James M. Simpson & R.Roy Johnson (1977): The Importance of Riparian Habitat to Migrating Birds. In: The Importance, Preservation and Management of the Riparian Habitat. (Eds: Johnson, R.Roy & Dale A. Jones) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, GTR-RM43.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, 156-164.^"Seven pairs of study sites in riparian and adjacent, nonriparian habitats were censused for spring migrant passerines. Riparian plots contained up to 10.6 times the number of migrants per hectare found on adjacent, nonriparian plots. Stop-over habitat selection is indicated by differing migrant densities and species diversities in various habitats. Passerine migration strategies are Discussed."^Birds, Migration, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1977^Stone, Connie L.;Rice, Glen E.^Stone, Connie L. & Glen E. Rice (1977): Reservoir: an Archaeology Sample Survey of the Alamo Reservoir. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles. 36 Pages.^^Archaeology, Bill Williams River, Surveys^book^:
^1977^Tanner, George S.;Richards J. Morris^Tanner, George S. & J. Morris Richards (1977): Colonization on the Little Colorado: The Joseph City Region. Northland Press, Flagstaff.^^Agriculture, Dam Collapse, Dams, Little Colorado River, Mormons^book^:
^1977^Van Devender, Thomas R.^Van Devender, Thomas R. (1977): Holocene Woodlands in the Southwestern Deserts. Science 198, 189-192.^^Chihuahuan Desert, Forests/woodlands, Mohave Desert, Paleobotany, Sonoran Desert^article^:
^1977^Van Devender, Thomas R.;Wiseman, F. M.^Van Devender, Thomas R. & F.M. Wiseman (1977): A Preliminary Chronology of Bioenviron-mental Changes During the Paleoindian Period of the Monsoonal Southwest. In: Paleoindian Lifeways. (Ed: Johnson, E.M.) (Museum Journal, Volume 17.) West Texas Museum Association, Lubbock, Texas, 13-27.^^Archaeology, Chronology, Ecology, Environmental Change, Indians, Paleobotany^chapter^:
^1977^Weber, D. J.^Weber, D.J. (1977): Mexico's Far Northern Frontier, 1821-1848: A Critical Bibliography. Arizona and the West 19, 225-266.^^Bibliography, Mexico, Pimeria Alta, Spanish^article^:
^1977^Wesche, A.^Wesche, A. (1977): Wild Brothers of the Indians: As Pictured by the Ancient Americans. Treasure Chest Publishing, Tucson. 56 Pages.^^Indians, Wildlife^book^:
^1976^Aitchison, Stewart W.^Aitchison, Stewart W. (1976): Campsite Usage and Impact. In: An Ecological Survey of the Riparian Zone of the Colorado River Between Lees Ferry and the Grand Wash Cliffs, Arizona: Final Research Report. (Eds: Carothers, Steven W., & Stewart W. Aitchison) (Colorado River Research Program, Report 10.) U.S. National Park Service, Washington, D. C., 155-172.^^Colorado River, Human Impact, Recreation^chapter^:
^1976^Aitchison, Stewart W.^Aitchison, Stewart W. (1976): Human Impact on the Grand Canyon. Down River Magazine 3(2), 4-7.^^Colorado River, Dams, Grand Canyon, Human Impact^article^:
^1976^Arizona Department of Health Services^Arizona Department of Health Services (1976): Water Quality Management Basin Plan - Little Colorado River. Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix. 439 Pages.^^Little Colorado River, Water Quality^book^:
^1976^Babbitt, B.^Babbitt, Bruce (1976): The Grand Canyon: An Anthology. Northland Press, Flagstaff, Arizona. 258 Pages.^^Anthology/proceedings, Colorado River, Grand Canyon^book^:
^1976^Bassett, E.^Bassett, E. (1976): Diary of Eliza Bassett Who Arrived From Texas in 1877. Sheriff (May), 4.^^Anglos, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Gila River^article^:
^1976^Burkham, D. E.^Burkham, D.E. (1976): Hydraulic Effects of Changes in Bottom-Land Vegetation on Three Major Floods, Gila River in Southeastern Arizona. (Gila River Phreatophyte Project) United States Govern-ment Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 655-J)^Changes in bottom-land vegetation between December 1965 and October 1972 apparently caused significant differences in stage, mean cross-sectional velocity, mean cross-sectional depth, and boundary roughness at peak discharges of three major floods in an 11.5-mile study reach of the Gila River.^Floods, Geomorphology, Gila River, Saltcedar, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1976^Carothers, Steven W.^Carothers, Steven W. (1976): Feral Asses on Public Lands: An Analysis of Biotic Impact. In: An Eco-logical Survey of the Riparian Zone of the Colorado River Between Lees Ferry and Grand Wash Cliffs, Arizona: Final Research Report. (Eds: Carothers, Steven W. & Stewart W. Aitchison) (Colorado River Research Program Technical Report, No. 10.) U.S. National Park Service, Washington, D. C., 141-154.^^Colorado River, Feral Animals^chapter^:
^1976^Carothers, Steven W.;Aitchison, Stewart W.^Carothers, Steven W. & Stewart W. Aitchison (Eds.) (1976): An Ecological Survey of the Riparian Zone of the Colorado River Between Lees Ferry and the Grand Wash Cliffs, Arizona: Final Research Report. (Colorado River Research Program Technical Report, No. 10.) U.S. National Park Service, Washington, D. C.^^Colorado River, Ecology, Surveys^book^:
^1976^Carothers, Steven W.;Aitchison, Stewart W.;Tomko, Dennis S.^Carothers, Steven W., Stewart W. Aitchison & Dennis S. Tomko (1976): The Interrelationships of Man and the Biota. In: An Ecological Survey of the Riparian Zone of the Colorado River Between Lees Ferry and the Grand Wash Cliffs, Arizona: Final Research Report. (Eds: Carothers, Steven W. & Stewart W. Aitchison) (Colorado River Research Program Technical Report, No. 10.) U.S. National Park Service, Washington, D. C., 173-177.^^Colorado River, Ethnoecology, Human Impact, Surveys, Vegetation^chapter^:
^1976^Chavez, A.^Chavez, A. (1976): The Dominguez-Escalante Journal: Their Expedition Through Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico in 1776. Brigham Young University Press, Provo, Utah.^^Exploration, Journals, Spanish^book^:
^1976^Christiansen, Larry D.;Pettes, David M.^Christiansen, Larry D. & David M. Pettes (1976): 1840's Boating on the 'Impracticable' Gila River. (Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Foundation, Tempe).^The overland migration west in the mid-nineteenth century produced several adjuncts to the normal wagon traffic over the trails - windwagons, handcarts, wheelbarrows and even boats. All of these undertakings were experimental; some were planned in advance, while others confirmed that necessity was the mother of invention coupled with the ingenuity and enterprise of those on the trails. These unusual ventures played a short but interesting episode in the trail lore of the west. None of them is more fascinating than water transport across a great southwestern Desert.^Boats, Gila River, Trails/roads, Transportation^other^:
^1976^Cline, Platt^Cline, Platt (1976): They Came to the Mountain. Northern Arizona University Press, Flagstaff. 364 Pages.^^Anglos, Colorado Plateau, Exploration, San Francisco Mountains^book^:
^1976^Cooke, R. U.;Reeves, Richard W.^Cooke, R.U. & Richard W. Reeves (1976): Arroyos and Environmental Change in the American Southwest. Clarendon Press, Oxford. (Oxford Research Studies in Geography)^^Arroyos, Environmental Change, Erosion, Geomorphology^book^:
^1976^Cox, Nancy E.^Cox, Nancy E. (1976): Water Quality Study of the Gila River Between Coolidge Dam and Ashurst-Hayden Dam in Arizona. MS Thesis, Arizona State University, Tempe. 74 P.^^Ashurst Hayden Dam, Coolidge Dam, Gila River, Water Quality^other^:
^1976^Crosby, Jr, Alfred W.^Crosby, Jr., Alfred W. (1976): Virgin Soil Epidemics as a Factor in the Aboriginal Depopulation in America. William and Mary College Quarterly, 289-299.^^Indians, Population Decline, Soil^article^:
^1976^Crowe, Rosalie;Brinckerhoff, Sidney B.^Crowe, Rosalie & Sidney B. Brinckerhoff (1976): Early Yuma: A Graphic History of Life on the American Nile. Northland Press, Flagstaff.^^Colorado River, Steamboats, Surface Water, Transportation, Yuma^book^:
^1976^Deacon, James E.;Baker, John R.^Deacon, James E. & John R. Baker (1976): Aquatic Investigation on the Colorado River from Separation Canyon to the Grand Wash Cliffs, Grand Canyon National Park. (Grand Canyon National Park Colorado River Research Ser., Contract 43; NTIS accession no. PB 267734/AS.) (Colorado River Research Program Technical Report, No. 15.) University of Nevada, Las Vegas. 26 Pages.^^Aquatic Biota, Colorado River, Ecosystems, Grand Canyon, Riparian Areas, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1976^Dobyns, Henry F.^Dobyns, Henry F. (1976): Native American Historical Demography: A Critical Bibliography. Indiana University, Bloomington.^^Bibliography, Indians, Population^book^:
^1976^Dobyns, Henry F.;Euler, Robert C.^Dobyns, Henry F. & Robert C. Euler (1976): The Walapai People. Indian Tribal Service, Phoenix. 186 Pages.^^Colorado River, Description, History, Hualapai^book^:
^1976^Dobyns,Henry F.^Dobyns,Henry F. (1976):Spanish Colonial Tucson: A Demographic History. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 246 Pages.^^Gila River, History, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Spanish^book^:
^1976^Felger, Richard S.^Felger, Richard S. (1976): The Gulf of California: An Ethnological Perspective. Natural Resources Journal 16, 451-464.^^Colorado River Delta, Ethnoecology, Indians^article^:
^1976^Fontana, Bernard L.^Fontana, Bernard L. (1976): Desertification of Papagueria: Cattle and the Papago. Office of Arid Land Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Cattle, Desertification, Ethnoecology, Grazing, Pimeria Alta, Tohono O'odham^book^:
^1976^Franklin, Hayward;Masse, W. Bruce^Franklin, Hayward & W. Bruce Masse (1976): The San Pedro Salado: A Case of Prehistoric Migration. The Kiva 42, 47-56.^^Archaeology, Indians, Migration, San Pedro River^article^:
^1976^Fuller, Steven L.;Rogge, A. E.;Gregonis, Linda M.^Fuller, Steven L, A.E. Rogge & Linda M. Gregonis (1976): Orme Alternatives: The Archaeological Resources of Roosevelt Lake and Horseshoe Reservoir. (Arizona State Museum Archaeology Series, No. 98.) Arizona State Museum, Tucson.^^Archaeology, Horseshoe Dam, Roosevelt Dam^book^:
^1976^Harlan, Annita;Dennis, Arthur E.^Harlan, Annita & Arthur E. Dennis (1976): A Preliminary Plant Geography of Canyon de Chelly National Monument. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 11(June), 69-78.^^Canyon De Chelly, Navajos, Plant Geography, Refuges/preserves, Vegetation^article^:
^1976^Howard, Alan D.;Dolan, Robert^Howard, Alan D. & Dolan, Robert (1976): Alterations of Terrace Deposits and Beaches of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon Caused by Glen Canyon Dam and by Camping Activities During River Float Trips: Summary, Management Implications and Recommendations for Future Research and Monitoring. (Colorado River Research Program Technical Report, No. 7.) University of Virginia, Charlottesville. 29 Pages.^^Colorado River, Glen Canyon Dam, Grand Canyon, Human Impact, Recreation^book^:
^1976^Karpiscak, Martin M.^Karpiscak, Martin M. (1976): Vegetational Changes Along the Colorado River. In: An Ecological Survey of the Riparian Zone of the Colorado River Between Lees Ferry and the Grand Wash Cliffs, Arizona: Final Research Report. (Eds: Carothers, Steven W. & Stewart W. Aitchison) (Colorado River Research Program Technical Report, No. 10.) U.S. National Park Service, Washington, D. C., 1-39.^^Colorado River, Ecology, Surveys, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1976^Kessel, John L.^Kessel, John L. (1976): Friars, Soldiers, and Reformers, Hispanic Arizona and the Sonora Mission Frontier, 1767-86. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Exploration, History, Military, Missions, Settlement, Spanish^book^:
^1976^Kidd, David E.;Potter, Loren D.^Kidd, David E. & Loren D. Potter (1976): The Concentrations of 10 Heavy Metals in some Selected Lake Powell Game Fishes. University of California Press, Los Angeles. 72 Pages.^^Fish, Lake Powell, Water Quality^book^:
^1976^Mann, Larry J.^Mann, Larry J. (1976):Ground-Water Resources and Water Use in Southern Navajo County Arizona. (Arizona Water Commission Bulletin, 10.) The Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Phoenix, Arizona.^The main source of water in the 3, 400-square-mile area of southern Navajo County is the ground water in storage in the Coconino aquifer, which underlies the entire area. About 76 percent of the water supply is from the Coconino aquifer, about 6 percent is from the Pinetop-Lakeside aquifer and from the alluvium along the large stream channels and flood plains, about 15 percent is from surface water, and about 3 percent is Imported.^Colorado River, Cottonwood Wash, Groundwater, Water Supply^book^:
^1976^McCarty, Kieran^McCarty, Kieran (1976): Desert Documentary: The Spanish years, 1767-1821. (Historical Monograph, No. 4.) Arizona Historical Society, Tucson. 150 Pages.^^Exploration, History, Military, Missions, Spanish^book^:
^1976^Munson, R. W.^Munson, R.W. (1976): Territorial Verde Valley. Plateau 53(1), 24-32.^^History, Settlement, Verde River^article^:
^1976^National Park Service^National Park Service (1976): Natural and Cultural Resources Management Plan and Environmental Assessment for Walnut Creek National Monument, Arizona. National Park Service, Flagstaff. 36 Pages.^^Culture, Ecology, Refuges/preserves, San Francisco Mountains, Sinagua Culture, Surveys, Walnut Canyon^book^:
^1976^Nutt, Katherine F.^Nutt, Katherine F. (1976): The Spanish Southwest 1519-1776 and After: A Bibliography of Selected Titles to Commemorate the Bicentennial of the United States. Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff.^^Bibliography, Spanish^book^:
^1976^Paher, Stanley W.^Paher, Stanley W. (1976): Colorado River Ghost Towns. Nevada Publications, Las Vegas. (In collaboration with Robert L.^Copied pages that deal mostly with steamers and Ferries.^Colorado River, Ferries, History, Mining, Steamboats^book^:
^1976^Rea, Amadeo M.^Rea, Amadeo M. (1976): Migrational and Distributional Data of Migratory Birds. In: Annual Report of the Chief Scientist of the National Park Service, 1975. U.S. National Park Service, Washington, D. C.^^Birds, Migration^chapter^:
^1976^Riley, Carroll L.^Riley, Carroll L. (1976): 16th Century Trade in the Greater Southwest. (Mesoamerican Studies, No. 10.) Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.^^History, Indians, Spanish, Trade^book^:
^1976^Stevens, Lawrence E.^Stevens, Lawrence E. (1976): An Insect Inventory of the Grand Canyon. In: An Ecological Survey of the Riparian Zone of the Colorado River Between Lees Ferry and the Grand Wash Cliffs, Arizona: Final Research Report. (Eds: Carothers, Steven W. & Stewart W. Aitchison) (Colorado River Research Program Technical Report, No. 10.) U.S. National Park Service, Washington, D. C., 123-127.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Insects, Riparian Areas, Surveys^chapter^:
^1976^Stevens, Lawrence E.^Stevens, Lawrence E. (1976): Insect Production on Native and Introduced Dominant Plant Species. In: An Ecological Survey of the Riparian Zone of the Colorado River Between Lees Ferry and the Grand Wash Cliffs, Arizona: Final Research Report. (Eds: Carothers, Steven W. & Stewart W. Aitchison) (Colorado River Research Program Technical Report, No. 10.) U.S. National Park Service, Washington, D. C., 129-135.^^Colorado River, Exotic Species, Insects, Native Species^chapter^:
^1976^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey^Sykes, Glenton Godfrey (1976): Five Walked Out! The Search for Port Isabel. Journal of Arizona History (Summer), 127-136.^Where is, or even where was, port Isabel - a busy shipyard and transfer point at the mouth of the Colorado River during the great days of steamboat traffic? Large craft could lay up there for repairs while cargo was being transferred to shallow draft stern-wheelers for the long haul upstream. Abandoned in 1878, a year after the railroad reached Arizona and removed its reason for existence, it lies somehwere out on the vast tidal flats of the Colorado delta, lost and forgotten. For years I had wanted to locate it and on April 5, 1975, with four venturesome friends, I was ready to Try.^Colorado River, Steamboats^article^:
^1976^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers^U.S. Bureau of Land Management (1985): Gila Box Coordinated Resource Management Plan. Bureau of Land Management, Safford, Arizona.^^Floodplain, Maricopa County^book^:
^1976^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers^U.S. Bureau of Land Management (1959): The Public Land Records. Footnotes to American History. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Washington, D. C.^^Camp Verde, Floodplain, Verde River, Wet Beaver Creek, Yavapai County^book^:
^1976^U.S. Bureau of Reclamation^USDA Forest Service & U.S. Bureau of Land Management (1981): Wild and Scenic Rivers Study - San Francisco River. U.S. Forest Service and U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Washington DC. 152 Pages.^^Dams, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1976^Winter, J. C.^Winter, J.C. (1976): The Processes of Farming Diffusion in the Southwest and Great Basin. American Antiquity 41, 421-429.^^Agriculture, Human Impact^article^:
^1975^Aguirre, Yginio F.^Aguirre, Yginio F. (1975): Echoes of the Conquistadores: Stock Raising in Spanish Mexican Times. Journal of Arizona History 16(3), 267-286.^^Grazing, Spanish^article^:
^1975^Arizona State Water Commission^Arizona State Water Commission (1975): Arizona State Water Plan, Inventory of Resources and Uses. Office of Arid Land Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Groundwater, Surface Water, Water Management, Water Supply^book^:
^1975^Bohrer, V. L.^Bohrer, V.L. (1975): The Prehistoric and Historic Role of the Cool-Season Grasses. Journal of Conservation Boiology 29, 199-207.^^Grasses, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1975^Borland, H.^Borland, H. (1975): The History of Wildlife in America. National Wildlife Federation, Washington, D. C.^^History, Wildlife^book^:
^1975^Chamberlain, Sue Abbey^Chamberlain, Sue Abbey (1975): Fort McDowell Indian Reservation: Water Rights and Indian Removal, 1910-1930. Journal of the West 14(4), 27-34.^^Apaches, Fort Mcdowell, Military, Verde River, Water Supply^article^:
^1975^Conn, J. S.;Mouat, D. A.;Clark, R. B.^Conn, J.S., D.A. Mouat & R.B. Clark (1975): An Assessment of the Impact of Water Impoundment and Diversion Structures on Vegetation in Southern Arizona. (Arid Lands Studies Bulletin, No. 11.) University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Dams, Exotic Species, Human Impact, Surface Water, Vegetation^book^:
^1975^Curtis, Robert L.;Ripley, Thomas H.^Curtis, Robert L. & Thomas H. Ripley (1975): Water Management Practices and Their Effect on Nongame Bird Habitat Values in a Deciduous Forest Community. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Management of Forest and Range Habitats for Nongame Birds. (Ed: Smith, D.R.) (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, WO-1.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 128-141.^^Anthology/proceedings, Birds, Forests/woodlands, Habitat, Riparian Areas^chapter^:
^1975^Doelle, William H.^Doelle, William H. (1975): The Gila Pima at First Contact: 1697-1699. Unpublished manuscript on file at Arizona State Museum, Tucson.^^Gila River, Human Impact, Pima Indians, Spanish^other^:
^1975^Dunn, L. P.^Dunn, L.P. (1975): American Indian: A Study Guide and Sourcebook. R & E Research Association, San Francisco. 119 Pages.^^Bibliography, Indians^book^:
^1975^Gavin, T. A.;Sowls, L. K.^Gavin, T.A. & L.K. Sowls (1975): Avian Fauna of a San Pedro Valley Mesquite Forest. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 10, 33-41.^^Birds, Mesquite Trees, San Pedro River^article^:
^1975^Greenleaf, J. Cameron^Greenleaf, J.Cameron (1975): Excavations at Punta de Agua in the Santa Cruz River Basin, Southeastern Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Archaeology, Hohokam, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1975^Hundley Jr, Norris^Hundley, Jr., Norris (1975): Water and the West: the Colorado River Compact and the Politics of Water. University of California Press, Berkeley. 395 Pages.^^Colorado River, Water Management^book^:
^1975^Lange, Charles H.;Riley, Carroll L.;Lange, Elizabeth^Lange, Charles H., Carroll L. Riley & Elizabeth Lange (1975): The Southwestern Journals of Adolph Bandelier, 1885-1888. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.^^Anglos, Archaeology, Exploration, Journals^book^:
^1975^Las Se¤oras de Socorro^Las Se¤oras de Socorro (1975): The Right Side Up Town On the Upside Down River. Maricopa County Historical Society, Wickenburg, Arizona.^^Hassayampa River, Indians, Mining, Ranching, Wickenburg^book^:
^1975^Longstreth, D. J.;Patten, Duncan T.^Longstreth, D.J. & Duncan T. Patten (1975): Conversion of Chaparral to Grass in Central Arizona: Effects on Selected Ions in Watershed Runoff. The American Midland Naturalist 93, 25-34.^^Shrubs, Uplands, Water Quality, Watershed^article^:
^1975^Matheny, Robert Lavesco^Matheny, Robert Lavesco (1975): The History of Lumbering in Arizona Before World War II. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^History, Logging^other^:
^1975^Merrill, W. Earl^Merrill, W. Earl (1975): One Hundred Echoes From Mesa's Past. Lofgreen Printing, Mesa, Arizona. (Book Three of a Series)^^Agriculture, Dams, Fuelwood, Mesa, Mormons, Vegetation^book^:
^1975^Myrick, David F.^Myrick, David F. (1975): Railroads of Arizona. Howell-North Books, Berkeley, California. (On file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson (Reference))^^History, Railroads^book^:
^1975^Ohmart, Robert D.;Deason, W. O.;Freeland, S. J.^Ohmart, Robert D, W.O. Deason & S.J. Freeland (1975): Dynamics of Marsh Land Formation and Succession Along the Lower Colorado River and Their Importance and Management Problems as Related to Wildlife in the Arid Southwest. In: Transactions of the 40th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference. , 240-251.^^Colorado River, Habitat, Wetlands, Wildlife^chapter^:
^1975^Patton, D. R.;Ffolliott, P. A.^Patton, D.R. & P.A. Ffolliott (1975): Selected Bibliography of Wildlife and Habitats for the Southwest. (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, RM-16.) Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ft. Collins, Co.^^Bibliography, Habitat, Wildlife^book^:
^1975^Rinne, J. N.^Rinne, J.N. (1925): Chanes in Minnow Populations in a Small Desert Stream, Resulting from Naturally and Artificially Induced Factors. The Southwestern Naturalist 20, 185-195.^^Fish, Human Impact, Indians, Species Decline^article^:
^1975^Russell, Frank^Russell, Frank (1975): The Pima Indians of Arizona. 2nd ed. (Series Ed: Fontana, B.L.) University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 479 Pages.^^Ethnology, Pima Indians^book^:
^1975^Sayner, Donald S.^Sayner, Donald S. (1975): Early Southwestern Cartography. Vol. 2. University of Arizona, Department of Biological Sciences, Tucson. 33 Pages.^^Anthology/proceedings, Maps, Spanish^book^:
^1975^Smith, D. R.^Smith, D.R. (Ed.) (1975): Proceedings of the Symposium on Management of Forest and Range Habitats for Nongame Birds. (USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, WO-1.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 343 Pages.^^Anthology/proceedings, Birds, Forests/woodlands, Grazing, Habitat^book^:
^1975^Stockton, Charles W.^Stockton, Charles W. (1975): Long-Term Stream-flow Records Reconstructed from Tree Rings. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 111 Pages.^^Climate, Dendrochronology, Streamflow^book^:
^1975^Stockton, Charles W.;Meko, David M.^Stockton, Charles W. & David M. Meko (1975): A Long-Term History of Drought Occurrence in Western United States as Inferred from Tree Rings. Weatherwise (December), 244-249.^Few climatic events have greater potential economic impact than widespread drought in the western United States. When drought parched the Rocky Mountain region and the Great Plains in the 1930's and again in the 1950's, food shortages were forestalled only because huge grain surpluses existed from years preceding the droughts. Today, with our grain surpluses smaller and our grain exports larger, another drought as severe as that of 1934 could have far-reaching economic ramifications. Thus it is important to understand how susceptible the western United States is to widespread Drought.^Climate, Dendrochronology, Drought^article^:
^1975^Story, Mark^Story, Mark (1975): Water Quality and Riparian Vegetation, West Fork Oak Creek. USDA Forest Service, Flagstaff, Arizona.^^Oak Creek, Riparian Areas, Water Quality^book^:
^1975^Turhollow, Anthony F.^Turhollow, Anthony F. (1975): A History of the Los Angeles District, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1898-1965. U.S. Army Engineer District, Los Angeles.^^Colorado River, Dams, Floods, Gila River, Government, History^book^:
^1975^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1976): Flood Plain Information: Camp Verde and Wet Beaver Creek; Vicinity of Lake Montezuma, Yavapai County, Arizona. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles. 27 Pages.^^Floodplain, Tanque Verde Creek^book^:
^1975^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1976): Flood Plain Information for Maricopa County, Arizona. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles.^^Floodplain, West Clear Creek^book^:
^1975^Warren, Douglas K.;Turner, Raymond M.^Warren, Douglas K. & Raymond M. Turner (1975): Saltcedar Seed Production, Seedling Establishment, and Response to Inundation. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 10(October), 135-144.^Saltcedar has become established in large areas around reservoirs and along streams and rivers, notably in the arid Southwest, since its introduction into the United States. At many sites saltcedar is the dominant plant in the vegetation, having replaced the native riparian Species.^Exotic Species, Floods, Gila River, Saltcedar, San Pedro River, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1975^Westerners (Sedona Corral)^Westerners (Sedona Corral) (1975): Those Early Days - Oldtimers' Memoirs: Sedona and the Verde Valley Region of Northern Arizona. Westerners (Sedona Corral), Sedona. 270 Pages.^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, Oak Creek, Sedona, Verde River^book^:
^1975^Witzman, R. A.^Witzman, R.A. (1975): Impact of the Central Arizona Project Upon Riparian Nesting Raptors. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science, Proceedings Supplement 10, 29.^^Birds, Canals, Human Impact^article^:
^1974^Allyn, Joseph Pratt^Allyn, Joseph Pratt (1974): The Arizona of Joseph Pratt Allyn: Letters from a Pioneer Judge - Observations and Travels, 1863-1866. (Series Ed: Nicolson, John.) The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Gila River, Hassayampa River, Mining, Rio Puerco, Santa Cruz River, Travel^book^:
^1974^Arizona Department of Environmental Planning^Arizona Department of Environmental Planning (1974): Bibliography on Arizona Land Use and Resource Information. Arizona Department of Environmental Planning, Phoenix.^^Bibliography, Land Use^book^:
^1974^Arizona State Water Commission;U.S. Department of Agriculture^Arizona State Water Commission & U.S. Department of Agriculture (1974): Map: Water Level Change, 1940-1970 and Earth Fissure Zones, Santa Cruz-San Pedro River Basins. Arizona State Water Commission and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Phoenix.^^Geomorphology, Maps, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Water Loss^book^:
^1974^Armijo, Lou^Armijo, Lou (1974): The Wild Gila. Southwest Heritage 4(2, Summer), 2-8.^^Gila River, History, Human Impact^article^:
^1974^Billingsley, George H.^Billingsley, George H. (1974): Mining in Grand Canyon. In: Geology of the Grand Canyon. (Eds: Breed, William J. & E.C. Roat) Museum of Northern Arizona and Grand Canyon Natural History Association, Flagstaff, 170-178.^^Colorado River, Geology, Grand Canyon, Mining^chapter^:
^1974^Bradfield, Maitland^Bradfield, Maitland (1974): Birds of the Hopi Region, Their Hopi Names, and Notes on the Ecology. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 48, 75.^^Birds, Ecology, Hopi Indians^article^:
^1974^Browne, J. Ross^Browne, J. Ross (1974): Adventures in the Apache Country: A Tour Through Arizona and Sonora, 1864. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.^^Anglos, Apaches, Exploration, Gila River, Journals, Santa Cruz River, Travel^book^:
^1974^Bryant,Jr,Keith L.^Bryant,Jr,Keith L. (1974):History of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York.^^History, Railroads, Santa Cruz River, Tucson^book^:
^1974^Daniel, C.;Lamaire, R.^Daniel, C. & R. Lamaire (1974): Evaluating Effects of Water Resource Development on Wildlife Habitat. Wildlife Society Bulletin 2(3), 114-118.^^Habitat, Human Impact, Wildlife^article^:
^1974^Deacon, J. E.;Minckley, W. L.^Deacon, J.E. & W.L. Minckley (1974): Desert Fishes. In: Desert Biology. Vol. II. (Ed: Brown, Jr, GW) Academic Press, Inc., New York, 385-488.^^Fish^chapter^:
^1974^Dolan, Robert;Howard, Alan;Gallenson, Arthur^Dolan, Robert, Alan Howard & Arthur Gallenson (1974): Man's Impact on the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon. American Scientist 62(July/August), 392-401.^"The Grand Canyon is being affected both by the vastly changed Colorado River and by the increased presence of Man."^Colorado River, Dams, Geomorphology, Grand Canyon, Human Impact^article^:
^1974^Duke, Alton^Duke, Alton (1974): When the Colorado River Quit the Ocean. Southwest Printers, Yuma. 122 Pages.^^Colorado River, Dams, History, Salton Sea^book^:
^1974^Emmett, W. W.^Emmett, W.W. (1974): Channel Aggradation in Western U. S. as Indicated by Observations at Vigil Network Sites. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Geomorphic Process in Arid Environments, Israel.^^Arroyos, Channel Change, Erosion, Geomorphology^other^:
^1974^Ferguson, Constance^Ferguson, Constance (1974): Stone's Ferry: Old Letters Describe Colorado River Crossing by Mormon Pioneers in 1877. Plateau 46(3, Winter), 96-101.^'Such quantities of people, ' marvelled the keeper of Stone's Ferry, as a party of 84 busily prepared to cross the Colorado River on that clear, warm Wednesday morning of January 31, 1877. A single primitive flat-bottomed scow served patrons of Stone's Ferry, Nevada, located near the confluence of the Virgin and Colorado Rivers, where eight years before John Wesley Powell had concluded his exploration of the Colorado River. It was an isolated spot, and indeed 84 people might be considered 'quantities' by a man who compared that number to the usual lone horseman or the single family in a covered wagon that ordinarily made up his passenger list. These 84 people had another distinction besides the size of their party; they were the Lehi pioneers, on their way to establish the first Mormon community south of the Colorado - Little Colorado Boundary.^Anglos, Colorado River, Ferries, Little Colorado River, Mormons^article^:
^1974^Fish, Paul R.^Fish, Paul R. (1974): Prehistoric Land Use in the Perkinsville Valley. The Arizona Archaeologist 8, 1-36.^^Archaeology, Land Use, Verde River^article^:
^1974^Hackenberg, Robert A.^Hackenberg, Robert A. (1974): Aboriginal Land Use and Occupancy of the Papago Indians. Garland, New York. 402 Pages.^^Indians, Land Use, Tohono O'odham^book^:
^1974^Horr, D. A.^Horr, D.A. (1974): Indians of the Southwest. Garland Publishing Co., New York.^^Ethnology, Indians^book^:
^1974^Kelsey, L.^Kelsey, L. (1974): Cartographic Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians. U.S. National Archives.^^Bibliography, Indians, Maps^other^:
^1974^Love,Frank^Love,Frank (1974):Mining Camps and Ghost Towns: A History of Mining in Arizona and California Along the Lower Colorado. Westernlore Press, Los Angeles. 190 pages.^"Two Copper Camps", chapter 12: Planet and Swansea.^Bill Williams River, History, Mining^book^:
^1974^Mails, T. E.^Mails, T.E. (1974): The People Called Apache. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, Nj.^^Apaches^book^:
^1974^Martin, William E.;Gum, Russell L.;Smith, Arthur H.^Martin, William E., Russell L. Gum & Arthur H. Smith (1974): The Demand for & Value of Hunting, Fishing and General Rural Outdoor Recreation in Arizona. (Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin, No. 211.) University of Arizona, Tucson.^"In early 1971, the Arizona Game and Fish Department authorized a survey of hunting and fishing within the state covering the year 1970, having the general objective of determining the total economic value of benefits assignable to fish and wildlife in Arizona. Three previous surveys... concentrated on estimating expenditures and participation by hunters and fishermen, generally following what is termed the 'gross expenditure' approach to estimation of the economic value of the Activities."^Hunting/fishing/trapping, Recreation, Wildlife^book^:
^1974^McFarland, E. F.^McFarland, E.F. (1974): Wilderness of the Gila. Publishing Office, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.^^Description, Gila River^book^:
^1974^Ohmart, Robert D.^Ohmart, Robert D (1974): Feral Burros on the Havasu Resource Area, Colorado River Valley, California-Arizona. Bureau of Land Management, Denver, Colorado.^^Colorado River, Feral Animals^book^:
^1974^Paylore, P.^Paylore, P. (Ed.) (1974): Phreatophyte, a Bibliography: Revised. USDI, Water Resources Scientific Information Center, Office of Water Resources Research, Washington, D. C. 277 Pages.^^Bibliography, Phreatophytes^book^:
^1974^Rice, R. J.^Rice, R.J. (1974): Terraces and Abandoned Channels of the Little Colorado River Between Leupp and Cameron, Arizona. Plateau 46(3), 102-119.^Between Leupp and Cameron, Arizona, there are at least ten places where the Little Colorado River has shifted its course and left evidence of its former route in an abandoned channel. The form of these channels is described, together with the nature of the infill deposits. It is suggested that the changes of course were due to a variety of causes and occurred at several different periods. In order to establish the chronology of abandonment, the terraces of the Little Colorado River are described and related to the former courses of the River.^Channel Change, Geomorphology, Little Colorado River^article^:
^1974^Sellers, William D.;Hill, R. H.^Sellers, William D. & Richard H. Hill (Eds.) (1974): Arizona Climate. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Climate^book^:
^1974^Sterling, K. B.^Sterling, K.B. (1974): The Last of the Naturalists - The Career of C. Hart Merriam. Arno Press, New York.^^Anglos, Biography, Biology, Colorado River^book^:
^1974^Story, Mark;Burbridge, B.^Story, Mark & B. Burbridge (1974): Watershed and Wildlife Habitat Survey Report on the Verde River Between Cottonwood Basin and Fossil Creek. USDA Forest Service, Flagstaff, Arizona.^^Fossil Creek, Habitat, Surveys, Verde River, Watershed, Wildlife^book^:
^1974^Turner, Raymond M.^Turner, Raymond M. (1974): Quantitative and Historical Evidence of Vegetation Changes Along the Upper Gila River, Arizona. (Gila River Phreatophyte Project) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 655-H)^Vegetation maps showing past conditions along a 24-kilometer reach of the upper Gila River valley were compared with a recent vegetation map and changes in vegetation were determined. The maps, which were made during 1914, 1937, 1944, and 1964, provide a quantitative record of changes through half a Century.^Exotic Species, Gila River, Saltcedar, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1974^U.S. Bureau of Reclamation^USDA Forest Service (1981): Verde River: Wild and Scenic River Study, Report and Environmental Impact Statement. USDA Forest Service Southwest Region, Santa Fe.^^Agriculture, Dams, Gila River^book^:
^1974^Williams, Anita Alvarez de^Williams, Anita Alvarez de (1974): The Cocopah People. Phoenix Indian Tribal Service, Phoenix. 104 Pages.^^Cocopah, Colorado River^book^:
^1973^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1973): Ho for Arizona. Sheriff (October).^^Little Colorado River^article^:
^1973^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1973): The San Carlos Story and Update. Arizona Daily Star, Tucson. 34 Pages.^^History, San Carlos^book^:
^1973^Berkman, Richard L.;Viscusi, W. Kip^Berkman, Richard L. & W. Kip Viscusi (1973): Damming the West: Ralph Nader's Study Group Report on the Bureau of Reclamation. Grossman Publishers, New York.^In June, 1970, a Nader Study Group study group of lawyers, graduate students, and undergraduates began an intensive study of the activities of the Bureau of Reclamation. These study group members collected volumes of raw data and interviewed hundreds of Bureau of Reclamation officials and other individuals, both inside and outside the federal government. At the end of the summer, they left Washington, taking with them the material they had gathered. During the year, some of them spent hundreds of unsalaried hours distilling their results. In the summer of 1971 two of us returned to Washington to fill in the gaps in the previous year's research and to draft a report, which was released in preliminary form in the Fall.^Colorado River, Dams, Government^book^:
^1973^Brodhead, Michael J.^Brodhead, Michael J. (1973): A Soldier-Scientist in the American Southwest. (Historical Monographs, No. 1.) Arizona Historical Society, Tucson. 74 pages.^Being a narrative of the travels of Brevet Captain Elliott Coues, Assistant Surgeon, U.S.A., through Kansas and the Territories of Colorado and New Mexico, to Arizona, and thence to the Coast of California; together with his observations upon the natural history, especially the avifauna, of the regions traversed, 1864-1865.^Anglos, Biology, Exploration, Journals, Military, Wildlife^book^:
^1973^Brown, S. G.;Aldridge, B. N.^Brown, S.G. & B.N. Aldridge (1973): Streamflow Gains and Losses and Groundwater Recharge in the San Pedro Basin, Arizona. U.S. Geological Survey and International Boundary and Water Commission, Tucson. 45 Pages.^^Groundwater, San Pedro River, Streamflow, Surface Water, Water Supply^book^:
^1973^Cable, D. R.;Martin, S. C.^Cable, D.R. & S.C. Martin (1973): Invasion of Semidesert Grassland by Velvet Mesquite and Associated Vegetation Changes. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 8, 127-134.^This study was begun in 1949 to determine rates of mesquite invasion on two semidesert grassland areas in southern Arizona, and changes in abundance of associated Species.^Grasslands, Mesquite Trees, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1973^Carothers, Steven W.^Carothers, Steven W. (1973): Breeding Birds of the San Francisco Mountains and White Mountains, Arizona. Museum of Northern Arizona, Technical Series 12, Flagstaff. 54 Pages.^^Birds, San Francisco Mountains, Surveys, White Mountains^book^:
^1973^Carothers, Steven W. et al.^Carothers, Steven W. et al. (1973): A Preliminary Report on the History and Bibliography of Biological Research in the Grand Canyon: With Emphasis on the Riparian Habitat. Manuscript on file at Museum of Northern Arizona.^^Bibliography, Biology, Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Habitat, Riparian Areas^other^:
^1973^Catlin, George^Catlin, George (1973): North American Indians: Being Letters and Notes on Their Manners, Customs, and Conditions; Written During Eight Years' Travel Amongst the Wildest Tribes of Indians in North America. (2 Volumes) Dover Publications, New York. ((Originally published in London, 1841))^^Culture, Ethnology, Exploration, Indians^book^:
^1973^Dobyns, Henry F.^Dobyns, Henry F. (1973): The Mescalero Apache. Indian Tribal Service, Phoenix. 106 Pages.^^Apaches, Description, Gila River, History^book^:
^1973^Faulk, O. B.^Faulk, O.B. (1973): Destiny Road - The Gila Trail. Oxford University Press, New York.^^Gila River, Trails/roads, Travel^book^:
^1973^Findley, Rowe^Findley, Rowe (1973):The Bittersweet Waters of the Lower Colorado. National Geographic October, 540-569.^Crystal drops of snowmelt give the river birth, high in the Rockies of its namesake state. Nourished by tributaries from Wyoming's Wind River Range and Utah's Uintas, it grows to muscular youth. In vigorous midcourse it cuts mighty canyons through desert plateaus in its rush toward the sea. Then, along its final 400 miles or so toward the Gulf of California, the Colorado becomes a different River.^Colorado River, Dams, Irrigation, Water Supply^article^:
^1973^Johnson, R. Roy;Simpson, J. M.^Johnson, R.Roy & J.M. Simpson (1973): The Status of the Bald Eagle on the Verde River. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science, Proceedings Supplement 21, 22.^^Birds, Endangered Species, Verde River^article^:
^1973^Link, Martin^Link, Martin (1973):Ancient Cultures of the Southwest. In: Guidebook of Monument Valley and Vicinity, Arizona and Utah: New Mexico Geological Society, Twenty-fourth Field Conference, October 4-6, 1973. (Ed: James, H. L.) The Society, Socorro, New Mexico, 177-180.^^Archaeology^chapter^:
^1973^Malach, Roman^Malach, Roman (1973):Planet Copper Mines on the Bill Williams River. Mohave County Miner February 8, 31.^J. Ross Browne in his book, Resources of States and Territories, (1868) wrote that the Williams Fork district was the best known copper region in Arizona. The country for a number of miles on each side of Williams Fork creek was rich inscattered croppings and masses of copper Ore.^Bill Williams River, Mining^article^:
^1973^Peterson, Charles S.^Peterson, Charles S. (1973): Take Up Your Mission: Mormon Colonizing Along the Little Colorado River 1870-1900. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.^^Agriculture, Anglos, Dam Collapse, Dams, Little Colorado River, Mormons^book^:
^1973^Ready, Alma^Ready, Alma (1973): Open Range and Hidden Silver. Alto Press, Nogales, Arizona.^Long before the word 'ecology' became part of the popular jargon, those who enjoyed living close to the world of nature understood that to maintain such a world, they must keep it uncrowded. Most residents of Arizona's little Santa Cruz County, deeply aware of the pastoral charm of its river valleys, the spectacular beauty of its rugged back country, and the wonderful sweep of its range lands, always have preferred not to advertise its attractions. Now that the area has been 'discovered' they are hoping that developers of vast land tracts in both of its principal valleys will be able to fulfill their declared intention to preserve the natural beauty of the Land.^Cattle, Mining, Preservation, Ranching, Santa Cruz County, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1973^Ringland, A.;Ingersoll, F.^Ringland, A. & F. Ingersoll (1973): Pioneering in Southwest Forestry. Journal of Forest History 17, 4-11.^^Forests/woodlands, Logging^article^:
^1973^Roeske, R. H.;Warrell, W. L.^Roeske, R.H. & W.L. Warrell (1973): Hydrologic Conditions in the San Pedro Valley, Arizona, 1971. (U.S. Geological Survey and the Arizona Water Commission, Bulletin 4.) U.S. Geological Survey and the Arizona Water Commission, Phoenix, Arizona. 76 Pages.^^Hydrology, San Pedro River^book^:
^1973^Stoiber, P. E.^Stoiber, P.E. (1973): Use of the U.S. General Land Office Survey Notes for Investigating Vegetation Change in Southern Arizona. University of Arizona, Tucson. (MA Thesis)^^Land Records, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1973^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1975): Flood Plain Information for West Clear Creek, Arizona. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles. 25 Pages.^^Floods, Gila River, San Carlos, Weather^book^:
^1973^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers^U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1975): Flood Plain Information for Tanque Verde Creek, Arizona. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles. 25 Pages.^^Floodplain, Pantano Wash, Rillito^book^:
^1973^U.S. Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control;Arizona Dept. of Health Services;New Mexico Dept. of Health^U.S. Geological Survey (1965): Publications of the Geological Survey, 1879-1961. U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^Little Colorado River, Water Quality^book^:
^1973^Watson, Editha L.^Watson, Editha L. (1973):Navajo History: A 3000-Year Sketch. In: Guidebook of Monument Valley and Vicinity, Arizona and Utah: New Mexico Geological Society, Twenty-fourth Field Conference, October 4-6, 1973. (Ed: James, H. L.) The Society, Socorro, New Mexico, 181-185.^Judging from distribution of the Athapascan language, of which Navajo is a part, the nucleus of the Navajo people crossed the Bering Strait from the west and gradually moved south and east. Some anthropologists assume that this migration began about 3, 000 years ago, and it must have taken some seven hundred years for the people who were to become the Navajos to traverse western Canada from north to south and finally arrive in the southwestern United States.^Archaeology, History, Navajos^chapter^:
^1973^Winter, Joseph C.^Winter, Joseph C. (1973): Cultural Modifications of the Gila Pima: A.D. 1697 - A.D. 1846. Ethnohistory 20(1, Winter), 67-77.^Due to the absence of historic Gila Pima archaeology, analyses of Pima enthnohistory have concentrated upon the examination of exploratory documents from the early contact period. In the following study, attention is focused upon such documents and the interpretations which other authors have made concerning them. As a result of this survey, it is suggested that the Pima cultural modifications which occurred between A.D. 1697 and A.D. 1846 were adaptive responses to the pressures created by the interaction of Spaniards, Apaches and indigenous Groups.^Ethnoecology, Gila River, Pima Indians, Population Decline, Spanish^article^:
^1972^Anderson, H.^Anderson, H. (1972): A Bibliography of Arizona Ornithology. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Bibliography, Birds^book^:
^1972^Burkham, D. E.^Burkham, D.E. (1972): Channel Changes of the Gila River in Safford Valley, Arizona, 1846-1970. (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, No. 655-G.) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Channel Change, Geomorphology, Gila River, Safford^book^:
^1972^Cherkauer, D. S.^Cherkauer, D.S. (1972): Longitudinal Profiles of Ephemeral Streams in Southeastern Arizona. Geological Society of America Bulletin 83, 12.^^Ephemeral Streams, Geomorphology^article^:
^1972^Correll, J. L.^Correll, J.L. (1972): Report Showing Traditional Navajo Use and Occupancy of Lands in the 1882 Executive Order re: Reservation. The Navajo Tribe, Window Rock.^^Colorado Plateau, Land Use, Navajos^book^:
^1972^Crosby, Jr, Alfred W.^Crosby, Jr., Alfred W. (1972): The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. Greenwood Publishing Co., Westport, Connecticut.^^Ethnoecology, Exotic Species, Human Impact, Population Decline^book^:
^1972^Dobyns, Henry F.^Dobyns, Henry F. (1972): The Papago People. Indian Tribal Service, Phoenix. 20 Pages.^^Description, History, Santa Cruz River, Tohono O'odham^book^:
^1972^Dobyns, Henry F.;Euler, Robert C.^Dobyns, Henry F. & Robert C. Euler (1972): The Navajo People. Indian Tribal Service, Phoenix. 15 Pages.^^Colorado River, Description, History, Little Colorado River, Navajos^book^:
^1972^Dreyfuss, John J.^Dreyfuss, John J. (1972): A History of Arizona's Counties and Courthouses. The Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^^Counties, History^book^:
^1972^Gerhard, P.^Gerhard, P. (1972): A Guide to the Historical Geography of New Spain. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.^^Bibliography, Geography, Spanish^book^:
^1972^Glascow, M. A.^Glascow, M.A. (1972): Evolution of Early Agriculture Facilities Systems in the Northern Southwest. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.^^Agriculture^other^:
^1972^Haase, E. F.^Haase, E.F. (1972): Survey of Floodplain Vegetation Along the Lower Gila River in Southwestern Arizona. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 7(2), 66-81.^^Floodplain, Gila River, Surveys, Vegetation^article^:
^1972^Hafen, L. R.^Hafen, L.R. (1972): The Mountain Men and the Fur Trade of the Far West. The Arthur H. Clarke Co., Glendale, California.^^Beaver, Biography, Exploration, Hunting/fishing/trapping^book^:
^1972^Hanson, Ronald L.;Brown, S. G.^Hanson, Ronald L. & S.G. Brown (1972): Subsurface Hydraulics in the Area of the Gila River Phreatophyte Project, Graham County, Arizona. (Gila River Phreatophyte Project) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 655-F)^Along a 15-miles reach of the Gila River valley upstream from the San Carlos Reservoir in south-central Arizona, the flood plain and its adjacent terraces are underlain by basin fill and alluvial deposits. The basin fill consists of silt, sand, and clay and is estimated to be more than 1, 000 feet thick. The alluvium consists of as much as 60 feet of gravel, sand, and silt and fills a 6, 000-foot-wide valley incised in the basin Fill.^Dams, Geomorphology, Gila River, Phreatophytes, Saltcedar^book^:
^1972^Hayden, Charles Trumbull^Hayden, Charles Trumbull (1972): Charles Trumbull Hayden, Pioneer. Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^^Anglos, Biography, Ferries, Flour Mills, Tempe, Urbanization^book^:
^1972^Johnson, R. Roy^Johnson, R.Roy (1972): The Effects of "Civilization" on the Avifauna of the Salt River Valley. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science, Proceedings Supplement 19.^^Birds, Human Impact, Maricopa County, Salt River, Urbanization^article^:
^1972^Lucchitta, Ivo^Lucchitta, Ivo (1972): Early History of the Colorado River in the Basin and Range Province. Geological Society of America Bulletin 83, 1933-1947.^^Colorado River, History^article^:
^1972^McQueen, I. S.;Miller, R. F.^McQueen, I.S. & R.F. Miller (1972): Soil-Moisture and Energy Relationships Associated With Riparian Vegetation near San Carlos, Arizona. (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 655-E.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^Evapotranspiration, San Carlos, Soil, Vegetation^book^:
^1972^Merrill, W. Earl^Merrill, W. Earl (1972): One Hundred Yesterdays. Lofgreen Printing, Mesa, Arizona. (Book Two of a Series)^^Dams, Floods, Fuelwood, Indians, Mesa, Salt River, Vegetation, Wildlife^book^:
^1972^Murphy,Lawrence R.^Murphy,Lawrence R. (1972):Frontier Crusader - William F. M. Arny. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 313 pages.^"The transformation of the American wilderness into a modern, industrialized nation has attracted the attention of countless historians. Ever since Frederick Jackson Turner first discussed the significance of the frontier in 1893, the pattern of fur trapper, miner, rancher, and farmer slowly moving westward through a series of frontiers has been analyzed and interpreted; in numerous areas, the subtle changes have been catalogued. But many aspects of this process still are not Clear."^Exploration, Settlement^book^:
^1972^Murray, F. S.^Murray, F.S. (1972): History of Fort Huachuca. Southwest Antiquarians, El Paso.^^Fort Huachuca, History, Military, San Pedro River^book^:
^1972^Slawson Jr, Guenton Cyril^Slawson Jr, Guenton Cyril (1972):Water Quality in the Lower Colorado River and the Effect of Reservoirs. M.S. (Hydrology) Thesis, University of Arizona (Tucson).^^Colorado River, Dams, Water Quality^thesis^:
^1972^Smith, Courtland L.^Smith, Courtland L. (1972): The Salt River Project: A Case Study in Cultural Adaptation to an Urbanizing Community. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Dams, Irrigation, Salt River, Salt River Project, Urbanization^book^:
^1972^Terrell, J. U.^Terrell, J.U. (1972): Apache Chronicle. World Publications, New York. 411 Pages.^^Apaches^book^:
^1972^United States Geological Survey^University of Arizona (1936): Arizona and Its Heritage. 3rd ed. Vol. 7. University of Arizona, Tucson. 291 pages.^"This permanent catalog is a list of books and maps that were published between 1962 and 1970. It supplements another permanent catalog 'Publications of the Geological Survey, 1879-1961.'^bibliography, Geology, Maps^book^:
^1972^Wallace, Andrew^Wallace, Andrew (1972): Fort Whipple in the days of the Empire. Tucson Corral of the Westerners, Tucson, Arizona. (Smoke Signal No.^While the War Department generously designated many army posts in the west as 'forts', most were, in reality, but temporary way stations on the road to final conquest of the indians. In Arizona, only four or perhaps five posts out of forty-six ever reached the true status of permanent installaions. Certainly Fort Whipple, headquarters of the Military Department of Arizona during the entire period of the Indian wars, was one. Although others get the glory in popular accounts, For Whipple's history offers an equally interesting view of military life on the southwestern Frontier.^Fort Whipple, Granite Creek, Military, Prescott^book^:
^1972^White, Elvin E.^White, Elvin E. (1972):Harnessing the Colorado. Tri-City Printing, Mesa, Arizona.^^Colorado River, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Human Impact^book^:
^1971^Basso, Keith H.^Basso, Keith H. (1971): Western Apache Raiding and Warfare, from the Notes of Grenville Goodwin. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Apaches, Military^book^:
^1971^Bradfield, Maitland^Bradfield, Maitland (1971): The Changing Pattern of Hopi Agriculture. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, London.^^Agriculture, Hopi Indians^book^:
^1971^Courlander, Harold^Courlander, Harold (1971): The Fourth World of the Hopis. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 238 Pages.^^Colorado Plateau, Culture, History, Hopi Indians^book^:
^1971^Dobyns, Henry F.^Dobyns, Henry F. (1971): The Apache People. Indian Tribal Service, Phoenix. 106 Pages.^^Apaches, Description, History^book^:
^1971^Dobyns, Henry F.;Euler, Robert C.^Dobyns, Henry F. & Robert C. Euler (1971): The Havasupai People. Indian Tribal Service, Phoenix. 71 Pages.^^Colorado River, Description, Havasupai, History^book^:
^1971^Dobyns, Henry F.;Euler, Robert C.^Dobyns, Henry F. & Robert C. Euler (1971): The Hopi People. Indian Tribal Service, Phoenix. 106 Pages.^^Description, History, Hopi Indians, Little Colorado River^book^:
^1971^Fireman, B.^Fireman, B. (1971): Use and Abuse of Southwestern Rivers: Historic Man and Anglo. Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest 1, 397-403.^^Human Impact, Riparian Areas^article^:
^1971^Fontana, Bernard L.^Fontana, Bernard L. (1971): Calabazas of the Rio Rico. The Smoke Signal (24, Fall), 66-89.^Rio Rico! The 'Rich River, ' a river of many names. From 1689, when he first alluded to it, until his death in 1711, Father Eusebio Kino, pioneer priest of northern Sonora and southern Arizona, called it the Santa Maria. The stream took its name from Santa Maria Bugota, a small village of Piman Indians a few miles south of its source. Santa Maria Bugota became Santa Maria Suamca by 1732, but 'Holy Mary' remained the river's Name.^Missions, Pima Indians, Santa Cruz River, Spanish^article^:
^1971^Fortier, L. E.^Fortier, L.E. (1971): Early Irrigation Systems in the Salt River Valley. Manuscript on file at Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^In the last half of the nineteenth century and the first few years of the twentieth, a large number of canals were built across the valley of the Salt River. To do a complete history of all the various canals involved would result in a multivolume edition. In this paper I will try only to give a brief history of the founding of the various canals. The organization of this paper consists of a series of short reports on the various Canals.^Canals, Hohokam, Irrigation, Salt River^other^:
^1971^Hawkins, Helen B.^Hawkins, Helen B. (1971): A History of Wickenburg to 1875. Maricopa County Historical Society, Wickenburg, Arizona.^The attention of the Nation has been turned toward Arizona in recent years. Large numbers of visitors have come from other sections of the country attracted by Arizona's unique climate and scenery, and seeking refreshment from an industrial society in a land where the 'Old West' lingers. This has served to increase further the interest of Arizonans in their heritage, to renew a pride in the deeds of those who settled a wilderness not too many years Ago.^Hassayampa River, History, Wickenburg^book^:
^1971^Hibbert, A. R.^Hibbert, A.R. (1971): Increases in Streamflow after Converting Chaparral to Grass. Water Resources Research 7, 71-80.^^Exotic Species, Geomorphology, Grasses, Human Impact, Streamflow, Uplands, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1971^Judd, B. Ira;Laughlin, James M.;Guenther, Herbert R.;Handegarde, Royal^Judd, B.Ira, James M. Laughlin, Herbert R. Guenther & Royal Handegarde (1971): The Lethal Decline of Mesquite on the Casa Grande National Monument. Great Basin Naturalist 31(3, September), 153-159.^"A visitor's impression of the Casa Grande National Monument is one of taking a trip back through time to the late 14th century when the Great House was occupied by hardy Pueblo people. From a 20th-century veiwpoint, a visitor can identify with the hardships endured by these farming people in this harsh environment. As one begins to view this environment he sees a typical desert area encircled by irrigated agricultural land. Yet, someting is strikingly different. The area is littered with large deformed stumps of dead mesquite trees. It is commonly asserted that these trees died in the early 1940s because the water table dropped due to increased irrigational demands. But no one truly knows just what caused the death of these Trees."^Casa Grande, Gila River, Irrigation, Mesquite Trees, Species Decline, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1971^Kessel, J. L.^Kessel, J.L. (1971): Campaigning on the Upper Gila, 1756. New Mexico Historical Review 46, 137.^^Anglos, Gila River, Military^article^:
^1971^MacMeekin, Daniel H.^MacMeekin, Daniel H. (1971): The Navajo Tribe's Water Rights in the Colorado River Basin. Manuscript on file at University of Arizona Law Library, Tucson; 63 pages.^The Navajo Indian Reservation is currently confronting an environmental crisis of the first magnitude. A consortium of public utilities, with the backing and participation of the United States Bureau of Reclamation, is developing a giant thermal power plant complex on and near the Navajo Reservation. This complex will provide electricity to satisfy the burgeoning demands of central Arizona and southern California, as well as supplying the power necessary to run the pumps which will divert water from the Colorado River to the mammoth Central Arizona Project. There are currently eight coal-burning power plants either planned or in operation on or near the Navajo Reservation. Already in operation are the 1, 500, 000-kilowatt Mojave plant in southern Nevada, the Cholla plant at the southern edge of the Reservation in Joseph City, Arizona, and the 2, 100, 000-kilowatt Four Corners Fruitland complex in northwestern New Mexico. Initial construction has started on the 2, 310, 000-kilowatt Navajo Generating Station, located on the Navajo Reservation near Page, Arizona. In the works are a mammoth 5, 000, 000 - 6, 000, 000-kilowatt plant planned for Kaiparowitz plateau in Utah, just across Lake Powell from Page, Arizona scheduled to go into operation in 1977; a 1, 700, 000-kilowatt generating station at Huntington Canyon near Price, Utah; a 1, 030, 000-kilowatt plant at Waterflow, New Mexico, near the Four Corners-Fruitland complex; and, just recently announced a 250, 000-kilowatt plant at Hayden, Colorado.^Colorado River, Dams, Electricity, Navajos^other^:
^1971^Meinig, D. W.^Meinig, D.W. (1971): Southwest, Three Peoples in Geographic Change 1600-1970. Oxford University Press, London. 151 Pages.^^Environmental Change, Ethnology, Human Impact^book^:
^1971^Roeske, R. H.^Roeske, R.H. (1971): Floods of September 1970 in Arizona, Utah, and Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey, Phoenix. (Arizona State Land Department, Water-Resources Report Number Forty-four)^Record floods occurred in Arizona, southeastern Utah, and southwestern Colorado on September 4-7, 1970. The floods resulted from heavy rainfall caused by the interaction of cold air from the northwest and extremely moist tropical air from the south. The floods took the lives of 25 persons and caused millions of dollars in property damage. Parts of Arizona and Colorado were declared disaster areas by President Nixon and were thereby eligible for Federal relief funds. On Septermber 12-14, another lesser storm caused flooding in southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado.^Colorado River, Floods, Gila River, Salt River^book^:
^1971^Ruff, Paul F.^Ruff, Paul F. (1971): A History of the Salt River Channel in the Vicinity of Tempe, Arizona: 1868-1969. Unpublished manuscript, on file at Arizona State University, Department of Archives & Manuscripts, Tempe.^Stream channels and the lands that immediately border them (the flood plain) have traditionally been of major interest and importance to society. In the arid and semiarid regions of the United States, these level lands were first used for irrigation purposes because of their fertility, but more recently the lands are being occupied by industry and urban developments. Prior to the occupancy of these lands, any change in the location of the stream channel or in its geometry was of little consequence. However, with the occupancy of the channels and lands that immediately border them, and change in the channel's location and/or geometry becomes of immediate concern. such changes affect the water flow characteristics of the region, and may result in losses of life and Property.^Agriculture, Canals, Channel Change, Floods, Human Impact, Land Use, Salt River, Tempe, Urbanization^other^:
^1971^Staveley, Gaylord^Staveley, Gaylord (1971): Broken Waters Sing: Rediscovering Two Great Rivers of the West. Little, Brown and Company, Boston/toronto.^^Colorado River, Dams, Glen Canyon^book^:
^1971^Stroute, C. L.^Stroute, C.L. (1971): Flora and Fauna Mentioned in the Journals of the Coronado Expedition. Great Plains Journal 11, 5-40.^^Gila River, San Pedro River, Spanish, Surveys, Vegetation, Wildlife^article^:
^1971^Trischka, C.^Trischka, C. (1971): A History of Cochise County. Cochise Quarterly 1(3, September), 3-21.^^Cochise County, History, San Pedro River^article^:
^1971^Wahmann, R.^Wahmann, R. (1971): Railroading in the Verde Valley. Journal of Arizona History 12(Fall), 153-166.^^Railroads, Verde River^article^:
^1971^Zubrow, E. B. W.^Zubrow, E.B.W. (1971): Carrying Capacity and Dynamic Equilibrium in the Prehistoric Southwest. Southwest American Antiquity 36, 127-138.^^Archaeology, Ethnoecology, Indians^article^:
^1970^Beale,Edward F.^Beale,Edward F. (1970):Wagon Road - Fort Smith to Colorado River (1858). In: Uncle Sam's Camels: The Journal of May Humphreys Stacey Supplemented by the Report of Edward F. Beale. (Ed: Lesley,Lewis B.) Rio Grande Press, Glorieta, New Mexico, 137-281.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Exploration, Journals, Little Colorado River, Rio Puerco^chapter^:
^1970^Bohrer, V. L.^Bohrer, V.L. (1970): Ethnobotanical Aspects of Snaketown, a Hohokam Village in Southern Arizona. American Antiquity 35, 413-430.^^Archaeology, Ethnobotany, Hohokam^article^:
^1970^Brandes, R.^Brandes, R. (1970): Troopers West: Military and Indian Affairs on the American Frontier. Frontier Heritage Program, San Diego, California.^^Anglos, Indians, Military^book^:
^1970^Brophy, Blake^Brophy, Blake (1970): Phoenix 1870-1970 in Photographs. Arizona Photographic Associates, Phoenix.^^Anthology/proceedings, Phoenix, Photos/art^book^:
^1970^Bureau of Reclamation^Bureau of Reclamation (1970):Glen Canyon Dam and Powerplant. Department of the Interior, Denver, Colorado.^The Colorado River Storage Project provides for the comprehensive development of the Upper Colorado River Basin. The project furnishes the long-time regulatory storage needed to permit States in the upper basin to meet their flow obligation at Lee Ferry, as defined in the Colorado River Compact, and still utilize their apportioned Water.^Colorado River, Dams, Glen Canyon, Water Supply^book^:
^1970^Burkham, D. E.^Burkham, D.E. (1970): Precipitation, Streamflow, and Major Floods at Selected Sites in the Gila River Drainage Basin Above Coolidge Dam, Arizona. (Gila River Phreatophyte Project) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 655-B)^The Gila River Phreatophyte Project is a water-budget study to measure evapotranspiration from a 15-mile reach of the Gila river flood plain above Coolidge Dam in southeastern Arizona. Its principal purpose is to determine how much the water yield of the project area can be increased by replacing deep-rooted beneficial grasses. Necessary to the study, and also for the application of the findings to other areas, is an understanding of the hydrologic variables and relations that affect the quantity of water draining toward the project area and of the environmental changes that would result from vegetation alteration. This report, which is based on available precipitation and runoff data at selected sites, is an analysis of those variables and relations. The major conclusions reached in the study are that there has been a fluctuating decline in annual runoff since 1920. The decrease in precipitation has been mainly during the winter (November through April) and has resulted in a lower incidence of major floods. For example, major floods occurred in nine winters in the period 1891-1916, but only one major flood (December 1965) occurred in the period 1917-1965. No significant progressive decrease has occurred in the ratio of runoff to a given amount of precipitation since 1920, nor has there been a progressive increase in the streamflow losses from the Gila river in Safford Valley.^Coolidge Dam, Floods, Gila River, Precipitation, Safford, Weather^book^:
^1970^Burkham, D. E.^Burkham, D.E. (1970): Depletion of Streamflow by Infiltration in the Main Channels of the Tucson Basin, Southeastern Arizona. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1939-B)^Estimates were made of the average annual volume of infiltration for the period 1936-1963 along seven normally dry alluvial channels in the Tucson basin. The essential parts of the method used to estimate infiltration were 1) average relation between rates of inflow and infiltration and 2) flow-duration curves of streamflow. The end product is an infiltration-duration curve from which the average annual volume of infiltration may be computed... The annual variation in infiltration volumes along the main channels is large and is mainly the result of variation in streamflow. On the basis of streamflow data, the extremes in the annual volumes of infiltration are estimated to range from near zero to more than four times the average annual Volume.^Ephemeral Streams, Geomorphology, Santa Cruz River, Tucson, Water Loss^book^:
^1970^Campbell, C. J.^Campbell, C.J. (1970): Ecological Implications of Riparian Vegetation Management. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 25(2), 49-52.^^Ecology, Riparian Areas, Vegetation^article^:
^1970^Casebier, Dennis G.^Casebier, Dennis G. (1970): Camp El Dorado, Arizona Territory: Soldiers, Steamboats, and Miners on the Upper Colorado River. Vol. December. Arizona Historical Foundation, Tempe. (Arizona Monographs, No. 2)^^Anglos, Colorado River, Military, Mining, Steamboats^book^:
^1970^Culler, R. C.^Culler, R.C. (1970): Objectives, Methods, and Environment - Gila River Phreatophyte Project, Graham County, Arizona. (U.S.G.S. Professional Paper 655-A) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^An inadequate water supply and an increasing demand for water have made conservation of water essential in the arid Southwest. One conservation method, which has been used in several places and which has been proposed for others, is replacement of phreatophytes by useful vegetation. Nonbeneficial plants infest areas of shallow ground water, such as flood plains of major rivers. Tank studies have shown that phreatophytes use more water than beneficial grass in the same location. However, many hydrologic variables in nature are not duplicated in tank Studies.^Gila River, Phreatophytes, Vegetation Removal^book^:
^1970^de la Torre, A. C.^de la Torre Condes, Alberto (1970): Streamflow in the Upper Santa Cruz Basin, Santa Cruz and Pima Counties, Arizona. (U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper, 1939-A.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^Pima County, Santa Cruz County, Santa Cruz River, Streamflow^book^:
^1970^Dobyns, Henry F.;Euler, Robert C.^Dobyns, Henry F. & Robert C. Euler (1970): Wauba Yuma's People: Comparative Socio-political Structure of the Pai Indians of Arizona. Prescott College Press, Prescott.^^Culture, Ethnology, Pai Tribes^book^:
^1970^Fish, Joseph^Fish, Joseph (1970): Life and Times of Joseph Fish, Mormon Pioneer. (Series Ed: Krenkel, J.H.) Interstate Printers, Danville, Illinois. 543 Pages.^^Exploration, Gila River, Journals, Little Colorado River, Mormons^book^:
^1970^Hinton, Richard J.^Hinton, Richard J. (1970): The Hand-Book to Arizona: Its Resources, History, Towns, Mines, Ruins, and Scenery. 1877 ed. The Rio Grande Press, Inc., Glorieta, New Mexico.^^Archaeology, Description, Handbook/field Guide, History, Mining, Recreation^book^:
^1970^Horton, Jerome S.^Horton, Jerome S. (1970): Management Problems in the Phreatophyte and Riparian Zones of the Southwest. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 27, 57-61.^Water losses from riparian vegetation, and the ecology and life history of plant species in riparian systems of the southwestern United States are Presented.^Evapotranspiration, Phreatophytes, Riparian Areas, Saltcedar^article^:
^1970^Irwin-Williams, C.;Haynes, C. V.^Irwin-Williams, C. & C.V. Haynes (1970): Climatic Change and Early Population Dynamics in the Southwestern United States. Quaternary Research 1, 59-71.^^Climate, Population^article^:
^1970^Jordan, Gilbert L.;Maynard, Michael L.^Jordan, Gilbert L. & Michael L. Maynard (1970): The San Simon Watershed: Historical Review. Progressive Agriculture in Arizona 22, 10-13.^The San Simon Valley located in Southeastern Arizona extends from the Arizona-New Mexico border northwest to Solomon, Arizona. Here, the San Simon traversing this valley enters into the Gila River. This valley, about 65 miles long and 25 miles wide, covers about one million acres of semi-arid rangelands and watersheds. It varies in elevation from 3000 to 4000 feet and the average annual rainfall is about 9.5 Inches.^Description, Gila River, History, San Simon Creek^article^:
^1970^Kessell, John L.^Kessell, John L. (1970): Mission of Sorrows: Jesuit Guevavi and the Pimas 1691-1767. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Missions, Pima Indians, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1970^McLaughlin, Herb;McLaughlin, Dorothy^McLaughlin, Herb & Dorothy McLaughlin (1970): Phoenix 18700-1970 in Photographs. the authors, Phoenix. 208 Pages.^^History, Phoenix, Photos/art^book^:
^1970^Merrill, W. Earl^Merrill, W. Earl (1970): One Hundred Steps Down Mesa's Past. Lofgreen Printing Co., Mesa, Arizona.^^Agriculture, Colorado River, Ferries, Fuelwood, Indians, Mesa, Salt River^book^:
^1970^Obr, Joseph E.;Follett, Robert H.;Kracht, J. Karl^Obr, Joseph E., Robert H. Follett & J.Karl Kracht (1970): Oak Creek Water Quality Report. Arizona State Department of Health, Phoenix.^"Outdoor recreation is a preferred form of leisure activity for increasing numbers of Arizona residents. Water and shorelines serve as a focal point for many forms of outdoor recreation. Quantity, location and accessibility, as well as quality of water, are prime factors in satisfying water oriented recreation demands. The relative scarcity of water in Arizona results in water recreation areas being subject to high intensity use. Oak Creek Canyon and its associated watershed is just such a region. An evaluation of the effects of the recreational usge of Oak Creek Canyon on the quality of water in Oak Creek as a result of a study conducted over the past two years is presented in this Report."^Bacteria, Oak Creek, Water Quality^book^:
^1970^Paher, Stanley W.^Paher, Stanley W. (1970):Northwestern Arizona Ghost Towns. Nevada Publications, Las Vegas. 32 Pages.^^Bill Williams River, Colorado River, History^book^:
^1970^Patten, Duncan T.;Judd, B. I.^Patten, Duncan T. & B.I. Judd (1970): The Role of Wet Meadows as Wildlife Habitat in the Southwest. Journal of Range Management 23, 272-275.^^Habitat, Meadows, Wetlands, Wildlife^article^:
^1970^Salt River Project^Salt River Project (1970): The Taming of the Salt. Communications & Public Affairs Department of Salt River Project, Phoenix.^A collection of biographies of pioneers who contributed significantly to water development in the Salt River Valley.^Agriculture, Anglos, Biography, Dams, Salt River, Salt River Project, Urbanization, Verde River^book^:
^1970^Stacey,May H.^Stacey,May H. (1970):Journal (1858). In: Uncle Sam's Camels: The Journal of May Humphreys Stacey Supplemented by the Report of Edward F. Beale. (Ed: Lesley,Lewis B.) Rio Grande Press, Glorieta, New Mexico, 19-116.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Exploration, Journals, Little Colorado River, Rio Puerco^chapter^:
^1970^Stone, J. L.^Stone, J.L. (1970): Cottonwood Clearance Program on the Verde River and its Tributaries. (Comprehen-sive Report, FW 16-10.) Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix.^^Cottonwood-willow Forests, Vegetation Removal, Verde River^book^:
^1970^Swain, D. C.^Swain, D.C. (1970): Wilderness Defender, Horace M. Albright, and Conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.^^Biography, Colorado River, Preservation^book^:
^1970^Taylor, Dwight W.^Taylor, Dwight W. (1970): West American Freshwater Mollusca, 1: Bibliography of Pleistocene and Recent Species. San Diego Society of Natural History, San Diego. 74 Pages.^^Bibliography, Invertebrates^book^:
^1969^Campbell, A. H.^Campbell, A.H. (1969): Report upon the Pacific Wagon Roads. Ye Galleon Press, Fairfield, Washington.^^Exploration, Trails/roads, Transportation^book^:
^1969^Derby, Lt George Horatio^Derby, Lt George Horatio (1969):Derby's Report on Opening the Colorado 1850-1851, From the Original Report of Lt. George Horatio Derby. (Series Ed: Faulk, Odie B.) University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 54 pages.^The junction of the Gila and Colorado Rivers was one of the great natural crossroads of the American Southwest. the mighty Colorado, flowing north and south, provided easy access to the interior of a region rich in minerals, while the Gila, flowing east and west, was a natural highway across the barren desert of Arizona and New Mexico. The Spaniards quickly realized the strategic importance of the junction when the permanence of their colony in California hinged on getting supplies to the region. In 1780 they attempted to plant a settlement at the junction. The Yuma Indians, members of the Quechan nation, proved hostile and destroyed the settlement in an uprising in 1781. Between 1823 and 1826 the Mexican government similarly attempted to open a land route to California via Yuma Crossing. It also was unsuccessful. Americans first came to the junction of the Gila and Colorado as fur trappers, and they likewise found the Indians Hostile.^Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Trade, Transportation^book^:
^1969^Follett, Robert H.^Follett, Robert H. (1969): Quality of Water of the Gila River in Arizona Above Ashurst-Hayden Dam. Arizona State Department of Health, Phoenix. 22 pages.^"The Federal Water Quality Act of 1965 requires that water quality standards be established for surface waters in Arizona. These standards are also to include programs for surveillance of these surface waters. Arizona complied with the Federal Act by adopting water quality standards in July, 1968. These standards included surveillance of all surface water except the Gila Basin. As there is only limited water quality data on the Gila River, the existing water quality conditions must be defined before the establishment of a monitoring network can be undertaken. Therefore, the primary intent of this sutdy was to determine the existing water quality of the Gila River..."^Agriculture, Ashurst Hayden Dam, Chase Creek, Dripping Springs Wash, Gila River, Mineral Creek, Mining, San Carlos Apaches, San Francisco River, San Pedro River, San Simon Creek, Water Quality^book^:
^1969^Fowler,Don D.; Euler,Robert C.; Fowler,Catherine S.^Fowler,Don D.; Euler,Robert C.; Fowler,Catherine S. (1969):John Wesley Powell and the Anthropology of the Canyon Country. (Geological Survey Professional Paper, 670.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 30 pages.^"From 1868 to 1879, John Wesley Powell devoted part of his time to a study of the Indians of the Canyon Country - those areas of Utah, western Colorado, northern Arizona, and northwestern New Mexico that are drained by the Colorado River and its tributaries. In 1879, Congress provided money for the completion of Powell's ethnological work, and this led to the creation of the Smithsonian Institution's Buerau of American Ethnology. More than 250 archaeological sites have been found below the rims of Marble and Grand Canyons; 37 of the sites are along Powell's river route, but only eight are recorded in Powell's reports or in the journals of those who went with him. The prehistoric human history of the Grand Canyon region is briefly described here by R. C. Euler. The origins of the Indians in the Canyon Country are portrayed by D. D. and C. S. Fowler, and brief accounts are presented, using quotations from Powell's notes, on Indian customs, practices, and Beliefs."^Archaeology, Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Indians^book^:
^1969^Glaney, Patrick;VanDenburgh, A. S.^Glaney, Patrick & A.S. VanDenburgh (1969): Water Resources Appraisal of the Lower Virgin River Area, Nevada, Arizona and Utah. Nevada Division of Water Resources, Carson City. 87 Pages.^^Surveys, Virgin River, Water Supply^book^:
^1969^Leopold, Luna B.^Leopold, Luna. (1969): The Rapids and the Pools - Grand Canyon. In: The Colorado River Region and John Wesley Powell. (Geological Survey Pro-fessional Paper, 669.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., 131-145.^Through the Grand Canyon the Colorado drops in elevation about 2, 200 feet in 280 miles; most of this drop occurs in rapids that account for only 10 percent of the distance. Despite the importance of rapids, there are no waterfalls. Depth measurements made at 1/10-mile intervals show that the bed profile is highly irregular, but the apparent randomness masks organized alternation of deeps and shallows. Measurement of the age of lava flow that once blocked the canyon near Toroweap shows that no appreciable deepening of the canyon has taken place during the last million years. It is reasoned that the river has had both the time and the ability to eliminate the rapids. the long-continued existence and the relative straightness of the longitudinal profile indicate that the river maintains a state of quasi-equilibrium which provides the hydraulic requirements for carrying the debris load brought in from upstream without continued erosion of the canyon bed. The maintenance of the alternating pools and rapids seems to be a necessary part of this poised or equilibrium Condition.^Channel Change, Colorado River, Exploration, Geomorphology, Grand Canyon^chapter^:
^1969^Minckley, W. L.^Minckley, W.L. (1969): Aquatic Biota of the Sonoita Creek Basin, Santa Cruz County, Arizona. (Eco-logical Leaflet, 15.) The Nature Conservancy, Tucson. 8 Pages.^^Aquatic Biota, Santa Cruz County, Sonoita Creek, Wildlife^book^:
^1969^Sayner, Donald S.^Sayner, Donald S. (1969): Early Southwestern Cartography. Vol. 1. University of Arizona, Department of Biological Sciences, Tucson. 32 Pages.^^Anthology/proceedings, Maps, Spanish^book^:
^1969^Simpson, J. R. et al.^Simpson, J.R. et al. (1969): Papago Floodwater Pastures Show Promise. Progressive Agriculture in Arizona 21, 18-19.^^Floods, Grazing, Tohono O'odham^article^:
^1969^Tinker,George H.^Tinker,George H. (1969):Northern Arizona and Flagstaff in 1887: The People and Resources. The Arthur H. Clark Company, Glendale, California. 62 Pages.^^Cattle, Colorado River, Mining, Railroads, Timber^book^:
^1969^Watkins, T. H. et al.^Watkins, T. H. et al. (1969):The Grand Colorado: The Story of a River and its Canyons. American West Publishing Company, U.S.A. 310 Pages.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon^book^:
^1969^Woodward, S.^Woodward, S. (1969): Vegetation of the Murray Springs Area, Cochise County, Arizona. University of Arizona, Tucson. (MA Thesis)^^Cochise County, San Pedro River, Vegetation^book^:
^1969^York, J. C.;Dick-Peddie, W. A.^York, J.C. & W.A. Dick-Peddie (1969): Vegetation Changes in Southern New Mexico During the Past Hundred Years. In: Arid Lands in Perspective. (Eds: W.G. McGinnies & B.J. Goldman) University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 155-165.^^New Mexico, Plant Geography, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1969^Zimmerman, R. L.^Zimmerman, R.L. (1969): Plant Ecology of an Arid Basin, Tres Alamos-Redington Area. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 485-d)^^Ecology, San Pedro River, Vegetation^book^:
^1968^Bushman, John^Bushman, John (1968): Journals and Diaries 1867-1929. microfilm by Church of the Latter Day Saints, Salt Lake City - in Arizona State Library.^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, Little Colorado River, Mormons^other^:
^1968^Campbell, C. J.;Green, Win^Campbell, C.J. & Win Green (1968): Perpetual Succession of Stream-Channel Vegetation in a Semiarid Region. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 5(October), 86-97.^Riparian vegetation in its mesophytic environment in the Southwest undoubtedly uses large amounts of water, but thus far, the various species and communities associated within confines of mountain reaches have not been extensively investigated. Flood plain vegetation of major rivers at relatively low elevations in the Southwest - the Colorado, Salt, Gila, Rio Grande, and Pecos - has been surveyed and mapped with varying degrees of intensity. Large acreages bordering these rivers, special management problems created by exotic species such as Tamarix pentandra and Elaeagnus augustifolia, potential water savings by vegetation eradication, and economic value of reclaimed flood plain land, have stimulated research and management of flood plain Vegetation.^Riparian Areas, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1968^Carter, H. L.^Carter, H.L. (1968): Dear Old Kit: The Historical Christopher Carson. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Anglos, Beaver, Biography, Exploration^book^:
^1968^Casanova, F. E., (ed.).^Casanova, F.E., (ed.). (1968): General Crook Visits the Supais: As Reported by John G. Bourke. Arizona and the West 10, 253-276.^^Exploration, Military, Supai^article^:
^1968^Cole, Dennis^Cole, Dennis (1968): Phreatophyte, Friend or Foe. Arizona Professional Engineer 20(3), 8-10.^^Phreatophytes, Saltcedar, Water Supply^article^:
^1968^Corbusier, Harold S.^Corbusier, Harold S. (1968): Verde to San Carlos: Recollection of a Famous Army Surgeon and His Observant Family on the Western Frontier, 1869-1886. Dale Stuart King, Publisher, Tucson.^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, Disease, Gila River, Military, San Carlos, Travel, Verde River^book^:
^1968^Cottam, Clarence;Trefethen, James B.^Cottam, Clarence & James B. Trefethen (1968): Whitewings: The Life History, Status, and Management of the White-Winged Dove. D. Van Nostrand Company, Princeton.^"The white-winged dove is unknown to most Americans. It is a creature of the Mexican border, that romantic hiatus where cultures meet. More than any other bird, it is la paloma, who languid cooing at midday from trees shading village plazas signals siesta time. It is as Mexican as tortillas, sombreros, and senoritas. But in my own Arizona, it is a familiar bird along the wooded valleys and in the saguaro cactus desert, and I know Texans are equally proud of it." [Stewart Udall, Sec. Int.]^Birds, Gila River^book^:
^1968^Everitt, B. L.^Everitt, B.L. (1968): Use of the Cottonwood in an Investigation of the Recent History of a Floodplain. American Journal of Science 266, 417-439.^^Cottonwood-willow Forests, Floodplain, Hydrology^article^:
^1968^Gunderson, D. R.^Gunderson, D.R. (1968): Floodplain Use Related to Stream Morphology and Fish Populations. Journal of Wildlife Management 32(3), 507-514.^^Fish, Floodplain, Human Impact, Streamflow^article^:
^1968^Humphrey, Robert R.^Humphrey, Robert R. (1968): The Desert Grassland: A History of Vegetation Change and an Analysis of Causes. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Grasslands, History, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1968^Indian Education Center^Indian Education Center (1968): Bibliography of the Navajo Indians. Arizona State University, Tempe.^^Bibliography, Navajos^book^:
^1968^McCormick, Hon Richard C.^McCormick, Hon. Richard C. (1968): Arizona: Its Resources and Prospects. 1865 ed. Territorial Press, Tucson, Arizona.^^Description, History^book^:
^1968^Meredith, H. L.^Meredith, H. L. (1968):Reclamation in the Salt River Valley, 1902-1917. Journal of the West 7, 76-83.^Various accounts have been written about the Newlands Act of 1902 and its program to reclaim the arid lands of the American West. However, little attention has been given to the first major project in the Salt River Valley of Arizona. The manner in which the legislation was put into practice proved vitally important to the future success of the reclamation program. Examples in construction, contracting, dealing with large numbers of private land owners and decisions on water rights made the valley the prototype followed throughout the Region.^Dams, History, Salt River^article^:
^1968^Midvale, Frank^Midvale, Frank (1968): Prehistoric Irrigation of the Casa Grande Ruins Area. The Kiva 30(3), 82-86.^^Archaeology, Gila River, Hohokam, Irrigation^article^:
^1968^Minckley, W. L.;Alger, Norman T.^Minckley, W.L. & Norman T. Alger (1968): Fish Remains From an Archaeological Site Along the Verde River, Yavapai County, Arizona. Plateau 40(3), 91-97.^^Archaeology, Fish, Verde River, Yavapai County^article^:
^1968^Minckley, W. L.;Deacon, James E.^Minckley, W.L. & James E. Deacon (1968): Southwestern Fishes and the Enigma of 'Endangered Species'. Science 159(March 29), 1424-1433.^Increasing public interest in man's pressure on the world's biota is evident from the number of agencies now actively involved in attempts to conserve what remains. These range from small, private conservation clubs to large established groups such as The Nature Conservancy and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Activities of some organizations have been complemented by action on the part of some state and federal departments. For example, in January 1967, the Nevada Game and Fish Commission accepted responsibility for preserving the unique, endemic fishes of that state, and acted to protect habitats of a number of forms, and in December 1967, California initiated similar action. The U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife has defined rare and endangered species, and has begun to catalog them. A laboratory for studying and preserving such organisms is established at the Bureau's Patuxent Wildlife Center in Maryland.^Endangered Species, Fish^article^:
^1968^Olsen, Jr, RW^Olsen, Jr, RW (1968): Clem Powell and Kanab Creek. Diva 34(1), 41-50.^^Anglos, Biography, Kanab Creek^article^:
^1968^Peterson, Ottis^Peterson, Ottis (1968):The Story of a Bureau. Journal of the West 7, 84-95.^^Colorado River, Dams, History, Irrigation^article^:
^1968^Ressler, John Q.^Ressler, John Q. (1968):Indian and Spanish Water Control on New Spain's Northwest Frontier. Journal of the West 7, 10-17.^Any student of western history is necessarily aware of the phenomenon of irrigation. He may or may not be aware of its effect n the landscape and the inhabitants of a region. A geographer examining an irrigation system would look first at two salient aspects: the technology of the system, and who built it and who is using it. The inter-action of these two, through time, results in an irrigation landscape. It is, in fact, the landscape of that system. Any change in either of these aspects may result in a change of landscape however slight. Such changes in landscape hold historical significance and a particular fascination to some Scholars.^Colorado Plateau, Indians, Irrigation, Spanish^article^:
^1968^Rusho, W. L.^Rusho, W.L. (1968): Living History at Lee's Ferry. Journal of the West 7(1, January), 64-75.^Lee's Ferry on the Colorado, with Pictures^colorado River, History, Lee's Ferry, Mormons^article^:
^1968^Schoenwetter, J. et al.^Schoenwetter, J. et al. (1968): An Ecological Interpretation of Anasazi Settlement Patterns. In: Anthropological Archaeology in the Americas. Anthropological Society, Washington, D. C., 41-66.^^Anasazi, Archaeology, Ethnoecology, Land Use^chapter^:
^1968^Wahrfield, Harold B.^Wahrfield, Harold B. (1968): Fort Yuma on the Colorado River., El Cajon. 183 Pages.^^Colorado River, Military, Yuma^book^:
^1968^Westerners (Sedona Corral)^Westerners (Sedona Corral) (1968): Those Early Days: Oldtimers' Memoirs, Oak Creek-Sedona and the Verde Valley Region of Northern Arizona. Sedona Corral Westerners, Sedona, Arizona. 240 pages.^Miscellaneous article about electricity, railroads, and other things near Oak Creek by Sedona.^Anglos, Electricity, History, Oak Creek, Railroads, Sedona, Verde River^book^:
^1967^Bird, J.^Bird, J. (1967): Don't Flood our Grand Canyon: Dam Building vs. Conservationists. Saturday Evening Post 240(August 12), 24-29+.^^Colorado River, Dams, Grand Canyon^article^:
^1967^Brown, James Stephen^Brown, James Stephen (1967): Journals and Account Books 1855-1892. microfilm by the Church of Latter Day Saints, Salt Lake City - in Arizona State Library.^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, Little Colorado River, Mormons^other^:
^1967^Cable, D. R.^Cable, D.R. (1967): Fire Effects on Semidesert Grasses and Shrubs. Journal of Range Management 20, 170-176.^^Fire, Grasses, Shrubs^article^:
^1967^Carter, L. J.^Carter, L.J. (1967): Canyon Dams: Dissents From Arizona Scientists. Science 157, 46.^^Colorado River, Dams^article^:
^1967^Carter, L. J.^Carter, L.J. (1967): Dams and Wild Rivers: Looking Beyond the Pork Barrel. Science 158, 233-236+.^^Colorado River, Dams^article^:
^1967^Contreras, B.;Gortarez, G.^Contreras, B. & G. Gortarez (1967): Tubac Through Four Centuries. Microfilm, University of Arizona Library, Tucson.^^History, Santa Cruz River, Tubac^other^:
^1967^Fulton, Richard W.;Bahre, Conrad J.^Fulton, Richard W. & Conrad J. Bahre (1967): Charleston Arizona: A Documentary Reconstruction. Arizona and the West 9, 41-64.^^Cochise County, History, Mining, San Pedro River^article^:
^1967^Heald, W. F.^Heald, W.F. (1967): Sky Island. Van Nostrand, Princeton, New Jersey.^^Chiricahuas, Description, Mountains, Sky Islands^book^:
^1967^Holmes, K. L.^Holmes, K.L. (1967): Ewing Young: Master Trapper. Peter Binford Foundation, Portland, Or.^^Anglos, Beaver, Biography, Colorado River, Gila River, Hunting/fishing/trapping, Salt River, Verde River^book^:
^1967^Hughes, J. Donald^Hughes, J .Donald (1967): The Story of Man at Grand Canyon. (Grand Canyon Natural History Association Bulletin, No. 14.) Grand Canyon Natural History Association, Grand Canyon, Arizona.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, History, Human Impact^book^:
^1967^Ludwigson, J.^Ludwigson, J. (1967): Dams and the Colorado. Science News 91, 167.^^Colorado River, Dams^article^:
^1967^Mattison,Ray H.^Mattison,Ray H. (1967):The Tangled Web: The Controversy Over the Tumacacori and Baca Land Grants. Journal of Arizona History 8(2, Summer), 71-90.^See Mattison, "The Controversy in Southern Arizona..."^Land Grants, Santa Cruz River, Spanish, Tumacacori^article^:
^1967^Mehringer, Jr, Peter J.^Mehringer, Jr., Peter J. (1967): The Environment of Extinction of the Late-Pleistocene Megafauna in the Arid Southwestern United States. In: Proceedings of the 7th Congress of the International Association for Quatenary Research. (Eds: Martin, P.S. & H.E. Wright, Jr.) Yale University Press, New Haven, 247-266.^"The same types of habitat that are widespread today in the western United States were occupied by the late-Pleistocene magefauna. The arid regions of today were less widespread even after the major wave of extinction, which ended by 10, 000 years ago. About 12, 000 years ago some areas of the Southwest probably became marginal habitat, but there were no major barriers to migration into more favorable regions. If climatic change is to be considered the principal cause of extinction, the extreme glacial climates of Wisconsin age should have exerted a detrimental effect on the extinct fauna. Excluding nonclimatic factors, the period of rapid deglaciation should have resulted in the expansion and not the demise of the megafaunal populations. At the present time there is a greater area and probably a wider variety of habitats available to herbivores than existed in North America during the major Wisconsin ice advances. Large herbivore biomass should have increased, not declined, as the ice retreated. Because different species of the extinct late-Pleistocene magefauna occupied habitats ranging from warm semiarid to periglacial, it seems unlikely that a single climatic cause alone is responsible for Extinction."^Anthology/proceedings, Climate, Extinctions/extirpations, Mammals, Paleontology^chapter^:
^1967^Mitchell, Olive^Mitchell, Olive (1967): Life is a Fulfilling. Brigham Young University Press, Provo, Utah. 267 Pages.^^Agriculture, Anglos, San Pedro River^book^:
^1967^Nielson, Frihoff Godfred^Nielson, Frihoff Godfred (1967): Autobiography and Notes. microfilm by the Church of Latter Day Saints, Salt Lake City - in Arizona State Library.^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, Little Colorado River, Mormons^other^:
^1967^Peterson, C. S.^Peterson, C.S. (1967): Settlement on the Little Colorado, 1873-1900: A Study of the Processes and Institutions of Mormon Expansion. MS Thesis, University of Utah, Logan.^^Anglos, Little Colorado River, Mormons^other^:
^1967^Weber, D. J.^Weber, D.J. (1967): Los Extranjeros: Selected Documents from the Mexican Side of the Santa Fe Trail, 1825-1828. Stagecoach Press, Santa Fe.^^Anthology/proceedings, Exploration, Sonora^book^:
^1967^Weber, D. J.^Weber, D.J. (1967): Spanish Fur Trade From New Mexico, 1540-1821. The Americas 24, 122-136.^^Beaver, Exploration, Hunting/fishing/trapping, Spanish, Trade^article^:
^1966^Barber, W. E.;Minckley, W. L.^Barber, W.E. & W.L. Minckley (1966): Fishes of Aravaipa Creek, Graham and Pinal Counties, Arizona. The Southwestern Naturalist 11, 313-324.^^Aravaipa Creek, Fish, Graham County, Pinal County^article^:
^1966^Bolton, Herbert Eugene^Bolton, Herbert Eugene (1966): Anza's California Expeditions: The Diary of Pedro Font. Russell and Russell, New York.^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, Exploration, Spanish^book^:
^1966^Camp, Charles L. (Ed.)^Camp, Charles L. (Ed.) (1966):George C. Yount and his Chronicles of the West. Old West Publishing Company, Denver, Colorado. 280 pages.^George Yount's name occupies a memorable place among the forerunners of westward expansion. As early as 1831 he had ranged across the breadth of the Continenet, and five years before that he had reached the borders of southern California. At the age of ten he with his parents, and their large family, had trekked out of the mountains of North Carolina to settle in the hinterland of Missouri. They were among the first of the American Trans-Mississippi pioneers. Their new lands teemed with hostile Indians. Guards had to be posted at the corners of the fields while the land was being cleared and the crops planted and Harvested.^Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Hunting/fishing/trapping, Settlement, Trade^book^:
^1966^Carter, L. J.^Carter, L.J. (1966): Grand Canyon: Colorado Dams Debated. Science 152, 1600-1605.^^Colorado River, Dams, Grand Canyon^article^:
^1966^Cooper, Nel^Cooper, Nel (1966): Nel Cooper Stories (Revised edition). Personally published, N/a.^^Anglos, Hassayampa River, Indians, Walnut Grove Dam^book^:
^1966^Eason, Nicholas J.^Eason, Nicholas J. (1966): Fort Verde: An Era of Men and Courage. Fort Verde Museum Society, Camp Verde, Arizona.^^Fort Verde, History, Military, Verde River^book^:
^1966^Fulton, Richard W.^Fulton, Richard W. (1966): Milleville-Charleston, Cochise County, 1878-1889. Journal of Arizona History 7, 9-22.^^Cochise County, History, Mining, San Pedro River^article^:
^1966^Galvin, J.^Galvin, J. (1966): Western America in 1846-1847: The Original Travel Diary of Lt. J.W. Abert. John Howell Books, San Francisco.^^Anglos, Biology, Exploration, Journals^book^:
^1966^Goetzmann, W. H.^Goetzmann, W.H. (1966): Exploration and Empire: The Explorer and Scientist in the Winning of the American West. W.W. Norton, New York.^^Exploration^book^:
^1966^Gustafson, A. M.^Gustafson, A.M. (1966): John Spring's Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 326 Pages.^^Anglos, Biogeography, Ranching, Santa Cruz River, Tucson^book^:
^1966^Harris, David R.^Harris, David R. (1966): Recent Plant Invasions in the Arid and Semi-Arid Southwest of the United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 56(September), 408-422.^Several plant communities in the Southwest have been drastically altered within a century by the rapid spread of a small number of woody species. The habitats principally affected have been the plateaus and plains at intermediate elevations, which formerly supported grassland and have now been invaded on a massive scale by mesquite and other native shrubs, and the stream courses, which have been extensively occupied by tamarisk, an alien species from Eurasia.^Mesquite Trees, Saltcedar, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1966^Hufford, K.^Hufford, K. (1966, 1967): Travelers on the Gila Trail. Journal of Arizona History (Spring). (Parts 1 and 2)^^Anglos, Gila River, Trails/roads, Travel^article^:
^1966^Hundley, Jr, Norris.^Hundley, Jr., Norris. (1966): Dividing the Waters: A Century of Controversy Between the United States and Mexico. University of California Press, Berkeley. 266 Pages.^^Colorado River, Water Supply^book^:
^1966^Kessell, John L.^Kessell, John L. (1966): The Puzzling Presidio: San Phelipe de Guevavi, Alia Terenate. New Mexico Historical Review 41, 21-46.^^Missions, San Pedro River, Spanish^article^:
^1966^LaMarche, V. C.^LaMarche, V.C. (1966): An 800-Year History of Stream Erosion as Indicated by Botanical Evidence. In: Geological Survey Research, 1966. (United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, No. 550-D.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., D83-d86.^^Channel Change, Erosion, Paleobotany^chapter^:
^1966^Martin, Douglas D.^Martin, Douglas D. (1966): An Arizona Chronology: Statehood 1913-1936. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.^^Chronology, History^book^:
^1966^Salmeron, Zarate^Salmeron, Zarate (1966): Relaciones. Horn & Wallace, Albuquerque.^In the year 1604, on the seventh day of the month of October, D. Juan de O¤ate left the town of San Gabriel to explore the South Sea; he took in his company, Fray Fracisco de Excobar, who was the commissary at that time of those provinces, and a lay brother named Fray Jaun de San Buenaventura, apostolic men. The friar commissary was a very learned man who had the gift of languages, for he learned all of them with great facility. On this expdition Onate took 30 soldiers, most of them being raw recruits; and they took only 14 pairs of horse armor. Having traveled over that western region 60 leagues, they reached the province of Cuni which is on some plains that are more inhabited by hares and rabbits than by Indians. There are six pueblos, and in all of them there are no more than 300 terraced houses with many stories, like the ones in New Mexico. The largest pueblo and the head of them all is the pueblo of Cibola, which in their language is called Havico; it has 110 houses. Their food, as is common all over the land, is maize, beans, squash, and game. They dress in blankets made of iztli, woven of twisted cord; these Indians have no cotton. They left this pueblo, and after having traveled 20 leagues between northwest and west, they reached the Moqui Province. Here there are five villages and in all 450 houses; the same number of houses and of cotton Blankets.^Bill Williams River, Colorado River, Exploration, Indians, Spanish^book^:
^1966^Thwaites, Reuben Gold^Thwaites, Reuben Gold (Ed.) (1966): Early Western Travels (A Series). Arthur H. Clark Co., Cleveland.^^Anglos, Exploration, Journals, Trails/roads^book^:
^1966^Turner, Henry Smith^Turner, Henry Smith (1966): The Original Journals of Henry Smith Turner, With Stephen Watts Kearny to New Mexico and California 1846-1847. (Series Ed: Clarke, Dwight L.) University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Anglos, Exploration, Gila River, Journals^book^:
^1966^White, N. D.;Matlock, W. G.;Schwalen, H. C.^White, N.D., W.G. Matlock & H.C. Schwalen (1966): An Appraisal of the Ground-Water Resources of Avra and Altar Valleys, Pima County, Arizona. (Water Resources Report, No. 30.) Arizona State Land Department, Phoenix.^^Avra-altar Valley, Groundwater^book^:
^1966^Yount, G. C.^Yount, G.C. (1966): George C. Yount and his Chro-nicles of the West. Old West, Denver.^^Anglos, Beaver, Biography, Exploration^book^:
^1965^Bartlett, John Russell^Bartlett, John Russell (1965): Personal Narrative of Explorations and Incidents in Texas, New Mexico, California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, Connected With the United States and Mexican Boundary Commis-sion, During the Years 1850, '51, '52, and '53. The Rio Grande Press, Inc., Chicago.^^Exploration, Gila River, Journals, Mexico-arizona Boundary, Santa Cruz River, Surveys^book^:
^1965^Buffington, Lee C.;Herbel, Carlton H.^Buffington, Lee C. & Carlton H. Herbel (1965): Vegetational Changes on a Semidesert Grassland Range from 1858 to 1963. Ecological Monographs 35(2, Spring), 139-164.^Extensive areas of the semidesert grassland of the Southwest are dominatd by creosotebush, mesquite, and tarbush. Mesquite occurs on 93, 000, 000 acres; creosotebush is present on 46, 500, 000; and tarbush occurs on 13, 250, 000 acres. Although the species are indigenous, they have invaded large areas in the past 100 years. Some areas invaded by tarbush still have a good understory of grass. However, loss of forage production occurs in early stages of mesquite invasion. In cresotebush-dominated areas, forage production is Negligible.^Grasslands, Grazing, Mesquite Trees, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1965^Crosswhite, Frank S.^Crosswhite, Frank S. (1965): The Nation of the Willows. Northland Press, Flagstaff, Arizona. 75 Pages.^^Colorado Plateau, Vegetation^book^:
^1965^Dellenbaugh, Frederick S.^Dellenbaugh, Frederick S. (1965): The Romance of the Colorado River. 1965 ed. The Rio Grande Press Inc., Chicago.^The story of its discovery in 1540, with an account of the later explorations, and with special reference to the voyages of Powell through the line of the great Canyons.^Colorado River, Exploration, History^book^:
^1965^Embach, H. B.^Embach, H.B. (1965): Early History of Sheep in Arizona and the Arizona Wool Growers Association. Arizona Wool Growers Association, Phoenix, Arizona. (Unpublished)^^Grazing, History, Sheep^book^:
^1965^Forbes, Jack D.^Forbes, Jack D. (1965): Warriors of the Colorado: the Yumas of the Quechan Nation and Their Neigh-bors. University of Oklahoma, Norman. 378 Pages.^^Colorado River, History, Yuma Indians^book^:
^1965^Fritts, Harold C.^Fritts, Harold C. (1965): Tree-Ring Evidence for Climatic Changes in Western North America. Monthly Weather Review 93(7), 421-443.^The relationships between climatic factors and fluctuations in dated tree-ring widths are statistically evaluated. A wide ring indicates that the year's climate was moist and cool, and a narrow ring dry and warm. In general, ring width relates to a 14-month period from June through July but most tree-ring chronologies exhibit a closer relationship with autumn, winter, and spring moisture than with summer moisture. The climatic relationships for evergreen trees are attributed largely to the influence of environmental factors on photsynthesis and the accumulation of food reserves. Under abnormally dry and warm conditions, especially during the autumn, winter, and spring, little food is accumulated, new cells are formed more slowly during the growing period, and the resulting ring is narrow. Relative 10-yr. departures are calculated for the entire length of 26 tree-ring chronologies from western North America. Those portions after 1500 are used to map areas of high and low moisture. Periods of widespread drought are noted in 1576-1590, 1626-1635, 1776-1785, 1841-1850, 1871-1880, 1931-1940. Periods of widespread and above average moisture occurred during 1611-1625, 1641-1650, 1741-1755, 1826-1840, 1906-1920. The moist periods of 1611-1625, and 1906-1920 were most widespread and markedly above Average.^Climate, Dendrochronology^article^:
^1965^Gary, H. L.^Gary, H.L. (1965): Some Site Relations in Three Floodplain Communities in Central Arizona. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 3(4, October), 209-212.^"The zonation of plant communities on flood plains in the arid portions of the Southwest appears to depend on the subterranean environment. Meinzer (1927) suggests a strong relationship between plant distribution and areas with characteristic depths to ground water. Ecologists, however, have generally concluded that any environmental factor or any combination of several factors may restrict the distribution of a Species."^Dams, Groundwater, Mesquite Trees, Phreatophytes, Riparian Areas, Salt River, Saltcedar^article^:
^1965^Gladwin, Harold S.;Haury, Emil W.;Sayles, E. B.;Gladwin, Nora^Gladwin, Harold S., Emil W. Haury, E.B. Sayles & Nora Gladwin (1965): Excavations at Snaketown: Material Culture. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Archaeology, Gila River, Hohokam^book^:
^1965^Hayden, C.^Hayden, C. (1965): A History of the Pima Indians and the San Carlos Irrigation Project (compiled in 1924). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^^Coolidge Dam, Gila River, Irrigation, Pima Indians, San Carlos Irrigation Project^book^:
^1965^Henson, P.^Henson, P. (1965): Founding a Wilderness Capital: Prescott, A.T., 1864. Northland Press, Flagstaff. 261 Pages.^^Anglos, Granite Creek, Prescott, Verde River^book^:
^1965^Hodge, Hiram C.^Hodge, Hiram C. (1965): Arizona As It Is, or The Coming Country, Compiled From Notes of Travel During the Years 1874, 1875, and 1876. Rio Grande Press, Glorietta, Nm.^^Anglos, Description, Exploration, Journals^book^:
^1965^Lewis, Christine^Lewis, Christine (1965): The Early History of the Tempe Canal Company. Arizona and the West 7(1, Spring), 227-238.^^Canals, History, Salt River, Tempe^article^:
^1965^Marion, J. H.^Marion, J.H. (1965): Notes of Travel Through the Territory of Arizona. (Series Ed: Powell, Donald M.) University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.^Being an account of the trip made by General George Stoneman and others in the Autumn of 1870.^Anglos, Journals, Travel^book^:
^1965^Martin, P. S.;Meshinger, P. J.^Martin, P.S. & P.J. Meshinger (1965): Pleistocene Pollen Analysis and Biogeography of the Southwest. In: The Quaternary of the United States. (Eds: Wright, H.E. & D.G. Frey) Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 433-451.^^Paleobotany, Plant Geography, Pollen^chapter^:
^1965^Mehringer, Jr, Peter J.;Haynes, Jr, C Vance.^Mehringer, Jr., Peter J. & C. Vance Haynes, Jr. (1965): The Pollen Evidence for the Environment of Early Man and Extinct Mammals at the Lehner Mammoth Site, Southeastern Arizona. American Antiquity 31(1), 17-23.^"Fossil pollen is directly associated with a radiocarbon date, mammoth bones, and the same stratigraphic units in which mammoth, bison, tapir, and horse bones and Clovis artifacts were recovered at the Lehner site. The pollen evidence indicates that desert grassland occupied the San Pedro Valley of southeastern Arizona about 9000 B.c."^climate, Extinctions/extirpations, Indians, Mammals, Paleobotany, Paleontology, Pollen, San Pedro River, Vegetation^article^:
^1965^Melton, M. A.^Melton, M.A. (1965): The Geomorphic and Paleoclimatic Significance of Alluvial Deposits in Southern Arizona. Journal of Geology 73(1), 1-38.^^Geomorphology, Paleoclimatology, Sedimentation^article^:
^1965^Parkhill, Forbes^Parkhill, Forbes (1965): The Blazed Trail of Antoine Leroux. Westernlore Press, Los Angeles.^^Anglos, Beaver, Exploration, Gila River, History, Trails/roads^book^:
^1965^Pumpelly, Raphael^Pumpelly, Raphael (1870): Across America and Asia. Leypoldt & Holt, New York.^^Anglos, Exploration, Mining^book^:
^1965^Robinson, T. W.^Robinson, T.W. (1965): Introduction, Spread and Areal Extent of Saltcedar in the Western States. (Studies of Evapotranspiration) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 491-A)^Saltcedar, the name generally applied to two exotic deciduous species of the genus Tamarix, was introduced into this country more than 100 years ago and has, in the last 30 years, become very much of a nuisance plant in the arid and semiarid regions of the Western States.^Saltcedar, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1965^Rodgers, W. M.^Rodgers, W.M. (1965): Historical Land Occupance of the Upper San Pedro Valley Since 1870. University of Arizona, Tucson. (MA Thesis)^^Fort Huachuca, History, Land Use, San Pedro River^book^:
^1965^Serven, J. E.^Serven, J.E. (1965): The Military Posts on Sonoita Creek. Smoke Signals 12, 1-24.^^Military, Sonoita Creek^article^:
^1965^Udall, Stewart^Udall, Stewart (1965): The Quiet Crisis. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York.^^Environmental Change, Human Impact^book^:
^1965^United States Geological Survey^University of Arizona (1890): Arizona Grasses in General. (Agricultural Extension Bulletin, No. 2.) University of Arizona, Tucson.^"This catalog is a new and complete list through December 1961 of Geological Survey books, maps, and charts. It should be retained for permanent use, as updating and revision of the catalog are not Intended."^Bibliography, Geology, Maps^book^:
^1965^Wallace, Andrew^Wallace, Andrew (1965): Sources and Readings in Arizona History. Arizona Pioneers' Historical Society, Tucson. 181 Pages.^^Bibliography, History^book^:
^1965^Wasley, William;Johnson, Alfred^Wasley, William & Alfred Johnson(1965): Salvage Archaeology in Painted Rocks Reservoir, Western Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Archaeology, Gila River, Painted Rocks Dam^book^:
^1965^Wehrman,Georgia^Wehrman,Georgia (1965):Harshaw: Mining Camp of the Patagonias. Journal of Arizona History 6(1), 21-36.^"The much publicized mining camp in southern Arizona which was 'too tough to die' had some contemporaries which also played important roles, if less dramatic ones, in the early history of the territory. One of these was Harshaw, located near the center of the Patagonia Mountains and built upon a foundation of silver. Situated about midway between two important river valleys, it lay directly in the path of history; and each group of people in history's march left their mark upon the Place."^History, Mining, Patagonia^article^:
^1965^Zimmerman, Dale A.^Zimmerman, Dale A. (1965): The Gray Hawk in the Southwest. Audubon Field Notes 19(4), 475-477.^"Near Tucson, Arizona, in the spring of 1872, Major Charles Bendire occupied an attractive campsite beneath tall cottonwoods and majestic mesquite and ironwood trees along one of the then permanent streams. There, within a ten-mile radius of his camp, he studied several nesting pairs of an attractive little gray and white raptor, then called Asturina plagiate, the Mexican Goshawk. Today we know it as Buteo nitidus, and by the more appropriate vernacular Gray Hawk. The bird is, of course, not a goshawk at all, but a dainty buteo. Major Bendire found four active nests of the Gray Hawk near his camp, and referred in his "Life Histories of North American Birds" (U.S. Nat'l Mus. Spec. Bull. 1, 1892:p. 242) to others found by Frank Stephans in Arizona and New Mexico. Both men considered the bird 'common about Tucson, especially in some of the large mesquite groves on the Santa Cruz River ... [their] nests ... placed in cottonwoods and large mesquite Trees.'"^Birds, Santa Cruz River^article^:
^1964^Arlington, G.^Arlington, G. (1964): Valley in a Time Magazine Desert (October), 19-21.^^Hassayampa River^article^:
^1964^Barnard, Colin;Frankel, O. H.^Barnard, Colin & O.H. Frankel (1964): Grass, Grazing Animals, and Man in Historic Perspective. In: Grasses and Grasslands. (Ed: Barnard, Colin) St. Martin's Press, New York, 1-12.^^Grasses, Grasslands, Grazing^chapter^:
^1964^Craig, J. B.^Craig, J.B. (1964): Water vs. Parks Issue on Lower Colorado River. American Forests 70(April), 3+.^^Colorado River, Dams, Recreation^article^:
^1964^Getty, H. T.^Getty, H.T. (1964): Changes in Land Use Among the Western Apaches. In: Indian and Spanish American Adjustments to Arid and Semi-Arid Environ-ments, a Symposium. (Ed: Knowlton, Clark S.) Committee on Desert and Arid Zone Research, Lubbock, Texas, 27-33.^^Agriculture, Apaches, Environmental Change, Land Use^chapter^:
^1964^Hurley, Jack^Hurley, Jack (1964): All-Out War on Mosquitoes Launched. Arizona Public Health News 58(4), 13.^All-out warfare has been declared on Pinal County mosquitoes. City, county and state health officials have combined forces to make life as miserable for the mosquito, as the pest has been making life unbearable for local residents. Many of the mosquitoes found by officials in local areas are the dread Culex tarsalis, carriers of encephalitis; the others are 'just plain, hungry ole mosquitoes.' Big artillery has really been moved into the front line of the battle. Aircarft, tractors, bulldozers, trucks, and cars are used to carry the fight to the mosquito. If the breeding areas can be destroyed, half the battle will be won, say health authorities. The various health departments are using every weapon in their command to curb the mosquito population, in the hope that they will have the pest under control before the peak of mosquito season Arrives.^Disease, Mosquitoes^article^:
^1964^Jensen, Joseph^Jensen, Joseph (1964): Southern California's Water: Past, Present and Future. manuscript, ASU Library.^^Colorado River, Water Supply^other^:
^1964^Kroeber, C. B.^Kroeber, C.B. (1964): The Route of James O. Pattie on the Colorado in 1826: A Reappraisal. Arizona and the West 6, 119.^^Anglos, Beaver, Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Salt River^article^:
^1964^Kuchler, A. W.^Kuchler, A.W. (1964): Potential Natural Vegetation of the Coterminous United States. American Geographical Society Special Publications No. 36, 116 Pages.^^Native Species, Plant Geography^other^:
^1964^Lowe, Charles H.^Lowe, Charles H. (1964): Arizona's Natural Environment: Landscapes and Habitats. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 270 Pages.^^Habitat, Native Species, Plant Geography, Riparian Areas^book^:
^1964^Malde, H. E.^Malde, H.E. (1964): Environment and Man in Arid America. Science 145, 123-129.^^Ethnoecology, Human Impact^article^:
^1964^McNitt, F.^McNitt, F. (1964): Navajo Expedition: Journal of a Military Reconnaissance from Santa Fe, NM to the Navajo Country Made in 1849 by Lt. James H. Simpson. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Anglos, Exploration, Journals, Little Colorado River, Military, Navajos^book^:
^1964^Phillips, A. R.;Marshall, J. T.;Monson, Gale^Phillips, A.R., J.T. Marshall & Gale Monson (1964): The Birds of Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 212 Pages.^^Birds, Handbook/field Guide^book^:
^1964^Sinyella, Juan^Sinyella, Juan (1964): Havasupai History. Grand Canyon Natural History Association, typed transcription of tape made August 10, 1964, 29 Pages.^^Colorado River, Havasupai, History^other^:
^1964^Sprague, Daniel^Sprague, Daniel (1964): Special Assignment -- Mosquito Control & Abatement. Arizona Public Health News 58(4), 2-12.^Bringing the adult mosquito under control, or at least to the point where mosquitoes no longer prevail as a health problem and hazard to local economic development or as a deterrent to recreation and outdoor living is a task of nearly impossible magnitude. To reduce by half, or even by third, such a menace is an accomplishment 'plus x' on any achievement Scale.^Disease, Mosquitoes^article^:
^1964^Tyler, Sgt Daniel^Tyler, Sgt Daniel (1964): A Concise History of the Mormon Battalion in the Mexican War 1846-1847. 1881 ed. The Rio Grande Press Inc., Chicago.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Military, Mormons, San Pedro River^book^:
^1964^Yavapai Cowbelles;Stevens, Robert C.^Yavapai Cowbelles & Robert C. Stevens (1964): Echoes of the Past: Tales of Old Yavapai. Vol. Vol. 2, 1992 reprint. Yavapai Cowbelles, Prescott. 312 Pages.^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, History, Prescott, Ranching, Settlement, Verde River, Yavapai County^book^:
^1963^Bronson, Leisa G.^Bronson, Leisa G. (1963): A Chronological History of the Quechan Indians and Their Lands. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Phoenix.^^Chronology, Colorado River, History, Yuma Indians^book^:
^1963^Christensen, Earl M.^Christensen, Earl M. (1963): Naturalization of Russian Olive in Utah. The American Midland Naturalist 70(1), 133-137.^The history of naturalization of Russian Olive in Utah is presented. During the first half of this century Russion olive became a common species in clutivation in Utah cities... The histories of naturalization of the plant in other western states are similar to that in Utah.^Russian Olive^article^:
^1963^Dobyns, Henry F.^Dobyns, Henry F. (1963): Indian Extinction in the Middle Santa Cruz River Valley, Arizona. New Mexico Historical Review 38(2), 163-181.^The middle Santa Cruz River Valley south from Punta de Agua to near the modern boundary between the United States and Mexico supported a large prehistoric population of northern Piman Indians. The number of ruins recorded in the area attests to the former density of Indian population, which was also documented to some extent in early Spanish records dealing with frontier affairs in northwestern New Spain. Yet, no native Piman Indian population remains in the middle river valley today. The only Indians currently living there are immigrant Papagos, Yaquis and a scattering of Indians from other tribes who inhabit migrant labor camps built by non-Indian farmers, primarily engaged in cotton production. Nor has there been more than seasonal occupation by northern Piman Indians (a group which includes the contemporary Papagos) for over a century, except in immigrant settlements satellite to Anglo-American mining or farming Enterprises.^Archaeology, Indians, Population Decline, Santa Cruz River^article^:
^1963^Dortignac, E. J.^Dortignac, E.J. (1963): Rio Puerco: Abused Basin. In: The Challenge of the Arid (Ed: Hodge, Carl) American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, D. C., 45-51.^^Environmental Change, Erosion, Human Impact, Rio Puerco^chapter^:
^1963^Getty, Harry T.^Getty, Harry T. (1963): The San Carlos Indian Cattle Industry. (Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona.) University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Cattle, Gila River, San Carlos Apaches^book^:
^1963^Hastings, James Rodney^Hastings, James Rodney (1963): Historical Changes in the Vegetation of a Desert Region. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona.^^Human Impact, Sonoran Desert, Vegetation Change^other^:
^1963^Hegemann, Elizabeth Compton^Hegemann, Elizabeth Compton (1963): Navaho Trading Days. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 388 Pages.^^Anglos, Biography, Navajos, Trade^book^:
^1963^Hodge, C.^Hodge, C. (1963): Aridity and Man: The Challenge of the Arid Lands in the United States. AAAS, Washington, D. C.^^Desertification, Human Impact, Water Supply^book^:
^1963^Humphrey, Robert R.^Humphrey, Robert R. (1963): The Role of Fire in the Desert and Desert Grassland Areas of Arizona. In: Proceedings of Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference. Vol. 2. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, Florida, 45-62.^^Anthology/proceedings, Fire, Grasslands, Sonoita Creek, Uplands^chapter^:
^1963^Kelly, W. H.^Kelly, W.H. (1963): The Papago Indians of Arizona, A Population and Economic Study. Manuscript on file at Bureau of Ethnic Resources, Anthropology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Economics, Population, Tohono O'odham^other^:
^1963^Lewis, D. D.^Lewis, D.D. (1963): Desert Floods - A Report on Southern Arizona Floods of September, 1962. (Water Resources Report, No. 13.) Arizona State Land Department, Phoenix.^^Floods, Gila River, Salt River, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1963^Martin, Douglas D.^Martin, Douglas D. (1963): An Arizona Chronology: The Territorial Years 1846-1912. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona.^^Chronology, History^book^:
^1963^Martin, Paul S.^Martin, Paul S. (1963): The Last 10, 000 Years: A Fossil Pollen Record of the American Southwest. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^"Recent pollen analysis of pluvial lake sediments sustains the view of most geologists that glacio-pluvial climates of arid America were decidedly colder and wetter than the present. It is within the postpluvial period that the desert grassland pollen chronology fails to support the climatic interpretations of certain previous workers. Foremost is lack of pollen evidence of pluvial conditions at the Sulphur Spring stage type locality (profile of Double Adobe I)." page 61^climate, Paleobotany, Plant Geography, Pollen^book^:
^1963^Mason, L.^Mason, L. (1963): Using Historical Records to Determine Climax Vegetation. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 18, 190-194.^^Climate, Vegetation^article^:
^1963^Moody, R.^Moody, R. (1963): The Old Trails West. T.Y. Crowell Co., New York.^^Anglos, Exploration, Trails/roads^book^:
^1963^Morgan, Dale L.;Hammond, George P.^Morgan, Dale L. & George P. Hammond (1963): Guide to Manuscripts in the Bancroft Library. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles. 379 Pages.^^Bibliography, Manuscripts^book^:
^1963^Patzman, Stephen N.^Patzman, Stephen N. (1963): Louis John Frederick Jaeger: Entrepreneur of the Colorado River. Arizoniana 4(1, Spring), 31-36.^^Anglos, Biography, Colorado River, Ferries, Yuma^article^:
^1963^Stewart, O. C.^Stewart, O.C. (1963): Barriers to Understanding the Influence of the Use of Fire. In: Proceedings of the Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference. Vol. 2. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, Florida, 117-126.^^Anthology/proceedings, Fire, Forests/woodlands^chapter^:
^1963^Tuck, Frank J.^Tuck, Frank J. (1963): History of Mining in Arizona. 2nd Revisited ed. Department of Mineral Resources, Phoenix, Arizona.^^History, Mining, San Pedro River^book^:
^1962^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1962): An Adventure With the Arizona Mountain Men Who Tamed the Frontier Wilderness for Amazing Arizona. Arizona Development Board, Phoenix.^^Anglos, Beaver, Bill Williams River, Exploration^book^:
^1962^Antevs, Ernst^Antevs, Ernst (1962): Late Quaternary Climates in Arizona. American Antiquity 28, 193-198.^^Climate, Paleoclimatology^article^:
^1962^Bean, Lowell John;Mason, William Marvin^Bean, Lowell John & William Marvin Mason (1962): Diaries & Accounts of the Romero Expeditions in Arizona and California, 1823-1826. Palm Springs Desert Museum, Palm Springs, California.^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, Exploration, Journals, Spanish^book^:
^1962^Brandes,Ray^Brandes,Ray (1962):Guide to the Historic Landmarks of Tucson. Arizoniana 3(2, Summer), 27-40.^"To glimpse the life and times of Tucson in the later nineteenth century, as they were reflected in physical structures and landmarks, it is well to employ some date of reference. The most representative decade that shows old as well as new Tucson is 1880-1890, and from that era the authors have drawn their examples. This is not a catalog of existing historic landmarks any more than it is a comprehensive history of the city. The list which follows is a somewhat arbitrary selection of one hundred cultural, architectural, and economic features that would have been landmarks for a visitor in or about the year 1885. Few of them exist Today."^History, Maps, Settlement, Tucson^article^:
^1962^Cooley, M. E.^Cooley, M.E. (1962): Late Pleistocene and Recent Erosion and Alluviation in Parts of the Colorado River System, Arizona and Utah. (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, No. 450-B.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^Colorado River, Erosion, Geology^book^:
^1962^Decker, John;Gaylor, William G.;Cole, Frank D.^Decker, John, William G. Gaylor & Frank D. Cole (1962): Measuring Transpiration of Undisturbed Tamarisk Shrubs. Plant Physiology 37(3), 393-397.^^Evapotranspiration, Saltcedar^article^:
^1962^Dobyns, Henry F.^Dobyns, Henry F. (1962): Pioneering Christians Among the Indians of Tucson. editor: Estudios Andinos, Lima.^^Exploration, Indians, Missions, Santa Cruz River, Tucson^other^:
^1962^Fontana,Bernard L.; Greenleaf,J. Cameron; Ferguson,Charles W.; Wright,Robert A.; Frederick,Doris^Fontana,Bernard L.; Greenleaf,J. Cameron; Ferguson,Charles W.; Wright,Robert A.; Frederick,Doris (1962):Johnny Ward's Ranch: A Study in Historic Archaeology. The Kiva 28(1-2, October-December), 1-29.^"In 1959-1960 Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society members excavated the ruins of an Anglo-American ranch house in southern Arizona dating between 1859 and 1903. Pottery, stone, and shell Piman-Indian artifacts were recovered, but most artifacts were non-Indian: metal, paper, rubber, pottery, and glass. These are analyzed and described in detail, especially square cut nails and tin cans. the site vegetation is also analyzed and a discussion of tree-ring dating of mesquite and ash trees in included. The site is typical of western frontier ranch house sites; the artifacts have a common distribution throughout the United States."^Archaeology, Indians, Pima Indians, Santa Cruz River, Sonoita Creek^article^:
^1962^Greenleaf,Cameron; Wallace,Andrew^Greenleaf,Cameron; Wallace,Andrew (1962):Tucson: Pueblo, Presidio, and American City...A Synopsis of its History. Arizoniana 3(2, Summer), 18-27.^^History, Missions, Santa Cruz River, Settlement, Tucson^article^:
^1962^Grove, G. T.^Grove, G.T. (1962): Rillito Creek, Flood Plain Study. Tucson City Planning Office, Report.^^Floodplain, Rillito^other^:
^1962^Hackenberg, Robert A.^Hackenberg, Robert A. (1962): Economic Alternatives in Arid Lands: A Case Study of the Pima and Papago Indians. Ethnology 1, 186-196.^^Economics, Pima Indians, Tohono O'odham^article^:
^1962^Halpenny, Leonard C.^Halpenny, Leonard C. (1962): Ground-Water Resources Within the San Xavier Indian Reservation and Proposals Relating to Leases for Development of Ground Water. Water Development Corporation, Tucson, Arizona.^^Groundwater, San Xavier, Santa Cruz River, Tohono O'odham, Water Supply^book^:
^1962^Hodge,Hiram C.^Hodge,Hiram C. (1962):Arizona As It Was, 1877. Rio Grande Press, Chicago. 273 Pages.^^History, Rivers^book^:
^1962^Ladd, Richard S.^Ladd, Richard S. (1962): Maps Showing Explorers' Routes, Trails and Early Roads in the United States. Library of Congress, Map Division, Washington, D. C. 137 Pages.^^Anthology/proceedings, Exploration, Maps, Trails/roads^book^:
^1962^Lee, W.;Lee, J.^Lee, W. & J. Lee (1962): Torrent in the Desert. Northland Press, Flagstaff.^^Colorado River, Description, Human Impact^book^:
^1962^Loomis, Noel M.^Loomis, Noel M. (1962): Early Cattle Trails in Southern Arizona. Arizoniana 3(4), 18-24.^^Anglos, Cattle, Colorado Plateau, Gila River, Grazing, San Pedro River, Santa Cruz River, Trails/roads^article^:
^1962^Patch, Joseph D.^Patch, Joseph D. (1962): Reminiscences of Fort Huachuca, Arizona. Manuscript on file at the Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.^^Diaries/memoirs/letters, Fort Huachuca, Military, San Pedro River^other^:
^1962^Pattie, J. O.^Pattie, James Ohio (1962): The Personal Narrative of James Ohio Pattie. Lippincott, Philadelphia.^^Anglos, Beaver, Bill Williams River, Biography, Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Hunting/fishing/trapping, Salt River, San Francisco River, San Pedro River^book^:
^1962^Peterson, H. V.;Branson, F. A.^Peterson, H.V. & F.A. Branson (1962): Effects of Land Treatments on Erosion and Vegetation on Range Lands in Parts of Arizona and New Mexico. Journal of Range Management 15, 220-226.^^Erosion, Grazing, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1962^Pinart, A. L.^Pinart, A.L. (1962): Journey to Arizona in 1876. Zamorano Club, Los Angeles.^^Anglos, Exploration, Gila River, Journals, Santa Cruz River^book^:
^1962^Schoenwetter, J.^Schoenwetter, J. (1962): The Pollen Analysis of Eighteen Archaeological Sites in Arizona and New Mexico. Fieldiana Anthropology 53, 168-209.^^Archaeology, Paleobotany, Pollen^article^:
^1962^Smith, Ralph A.^Smith, Ralph A. (1962): Apache Ranching Below the Gila;, 1841-1845. Arizoniana 3, 1-17.^^Apaches, Gila River, Ranching^article^:
^1962^Spicer, Edward Holland^Spicer, Edward Holland (1962): Cycles of Conquest: The Impact of Spain, Mexico, and the United States on the Indians of the Southwest 1533-1960. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 609 Pages.^^Anglos, Human Impact, Indians, Mexico, Military, Spanish^book^:
^1962^Thomas, H. E.^Thomas, H.E. (1962): The Meteorologic Phenomenon of Drought in the Southwest. (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 372-A.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^Climate, Drought^book^:
^1962^Wayle Jr, Harold C.^Wayle Jr, Harold C. (1962): History of Holbrook and the Little Colorado River Country. MA Thesis, University of Arizona. (N)^^Holbrook, Little Colorado River^other^:
^1962^Woody, Clara^Woody, Clara (1962): The Woolsey Expeditions of 1864. Arizona and the West 4, 7-76.^^Anglos, Exploration^article^:
^1961^Bell, Y.^Bell, Y. (1961): Sixty-Five Years in the Cow Business in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The Longhorn Press, Cisco, Texas. 79 Pages.^^Anglos, Biography, Cattle, Grazing, Ranching^book^:
^1961^Carr, William H.^Carr, William H. (1961): Beavers vs. Big Dams. American Forests 67(10, October), 20-23, 46-48.^^Beaver, Dams^article^:
^1961^Clarke, Dwight L.^Clarke, Dwight L. (1961): Stephen Watts Kearny, Soldier of the West. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Anglos, Exploration, Gila River, Military^book^:
^1961^Couts, Cave Johnson^Couts, Cave Johnson (1961): Hepah, California! The Journal of Cave Johnson Couts From Monterey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico to Los Angeles, California During the Years 1848-1849. (Series Ed: Dobyns, Henry F.) Arizona Pioneers' Historical Society, Tucson. 113 Pages.^^Exploration, Gila River, Journals, Maps, Mexico^book^:
^1961^Darrow, R. A.^Darrow, R.A. (1961): Origin and Development of the Vegetational Communities of the Southwest. In: Bioecology of the Arid and Semiarid Lands of the Southwest. (Eds: Shields, L.M. & C.J. Gardner) New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, 30-47. (Bioecology of the Arid and Semiarid Lands of the Southwest; Shields, L. M.; Gardner, C. J.; Las Vegas, New Mexico; New Mexico Highlands University; 30-47)^^Ecosystems, Paleobotany, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1961^Ewing, H. P.^Ewing, H.P. (1961): The Origins of the Pai Tribes. The Kiva 26(Feb.), 8-23.^^Colorado River, History, Pai Tribes^article^:
^1961^Ezell, Paul^Ezell, Paul (1961): The Hispanic Acculturation of the Gila River Pimas. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona. 456 P.^^Ethnology, Gila River, Pima Indians, Spanish^other^:
^1961^Hackenberg, Robert A.;U.S. Indian Claims Commission^Hackenberg, Robert A. & U.S. Indian Claims Commission (1961): Aboriginal Land use and Occupation of the Pima-Maricopa Indians. unpublished, Tucson. 316 Pages.^^Ethnology, History, Land Use, Maricopa Indians, Pima Indians^book^:
^1961^Miller, Robert Rush^Miller, Robert Rush (1961): Man and the Changing Fish Fauna of the American Southwest. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters 46(1960), 365-404.^The past 100 years have witnessed drastic changes in the rivers of western North America and in their fish faunas. Deterioration of stream flow has greatly shrunk the ranges of many species, and other species have been denied access to large segments of their original distribution by the construction of barrier dams. Profound modification of pristine environments has restricted habitable waters, and the introduction and establishment of a host of exotics have brought about replacement as well as reduction of native forms through competition, predation, and hybridization. Some species and subspecies have become extinct, and many others are endangered (Matthiessen, 1959). These changes have been particularly marked in areas of restricted water supply such as characterize the arid Southwest. Much of this region is embraced by the Basin and Range Province (Fenneman, 1931, pl. I), including the Great Basin, Sonoran Desert, and the Chihuahuan Desert of northern Mexico.^Dams, Environmental Change, Exotic Species, Fish, Human Impact, Native Species^article^:
^1961^Nu¤ez Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar;Covey, C.^Nu¤ez Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar & C. Covey (1961): Relacion y Comentarios: Cabeza de Vaca's Adventures in the Unknown Interior of America. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.^^Exploration, Spanish^book^:
^1961^Paulsen Jr., Harold A.; Ares, Fred N.^Paulsen Jr., Harold A.; Ares, Fred N. (1961):Trends in Carrying Capacity and Vegetation on an Arid Southwestern Range. Journal of Range Management 14(2, March), 78-83.^Cattle ranchers of the Southwest are confronted with an ever-changing forage resource. This means that they must make continual adjustments in their ranch operations. It is not easy to sell all or part of a herd that has been developed through years of selective breeding and care. However, pressure to do so often faces the southwestern rancher. In addition, there are insidious changes in the range vegetation that are not apparent except where they have been carefully documented by objective, long-term records. Some of these fluctuations and changes that have taken place on one range area are described Herein.^Cattle, Climate, Grazing, Ranching, Vegetation^article^:
^1961^Powell, John Wesley^Powell, John Wesley (1961): The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons. Dover Publications, Inc., New York.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Exploration, Journals^book^:
^1961^Schwalen, Harold C.;Shaw, R. J.^Schwalen, Harold C. & R.J. Shaw (1961): Progress Report on Study of Water in the Santa Cruz Valley, AZ. University of Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station, Tucson.^^Santa Cruz River, Water Supply^book^:
^1961^Wagoner, J. J.^Wagoner, J.J. (1961): Overstocking of the Ranges in Southern Arizona During the 1870's and 1880's. Arizoniana 2, 23-27.^Stock ranching has always been a frontier industry and has served a place of primary importance in the advancement of western civilization. In the Southwest, two phases of development seem to predominate: (1) the merging of the northward expansion of the Spanish and Mexicans and the westward movement from the Atlantic Coast; and (2) the adaptability of the industry to an arid country which for the first time gave the cattleman an opportunity for land utilization that the farmer could not easily Supplant.^Cattle, Grasslands, Grazing^article^:
^1961^Whipple, A. W.^Whipple, A.W. (1961): The Whipple Report: Journal of an Expedition from San Diego, California, to the Rio Colorado, from Sept. 11 to Dec. 11, 1849. Westernlore Press, Los Angeles.^^Bill Williams River, Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Indians, Little Colorado River, Surveys^book^:
^1960^Adams, William Y.^Adams, William Y. (1960): Ninety Years of Glen Canyon Archaeology 1869-1959. (Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin, No. 33.) Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff.^^Archaeology, Glen Canyon, History^book^:
^1960^Cooper, C. F.^Cooper, C.F. (1960): Changes in Vegetation, Structure, and Growth of Southwestern Pine Forests Since White Settlement. Ecological Monographs 30, 129-164.^^Forests/woodlands, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1960^Crampton, C. Gregory^Crampton, C.Gregory (1960): Historic Glen Canyon. Utah Historical Quarterly (July), 275-289.^The siren charms of the Grand Canyon are so powerful as to have left neglected the other great gorges of the Colorado stretching out in a line through Arizona and Utah into Colorado, and those of the Green River, into Wyoming. Few writers have appeared to describe them, and they remain obscure in the popular image. This includes Glen Canyon extending from the mouth of the Dirty Devil River in Utah to the historic crossing of the Colorado at Lee's Ferry in Arizona 169 miles downstream. Yet much more is known of Glen Canyon than the rest, for it has the richest historical heritage and more people have seen this canyon from the river than the Others.^Colorado River, Glen Canyon^article^:
^1960^Decker, John^Decker, John (1960): Relation of Phreatophytes to Water Yield in Arid Environments. In: Symposium, Water Yield in Relation to Environment in the Southwestern United States. (Eds: Warnock, Vorton H. & J.L. Gardner) Sul Ross State College, Alpine, Texas.^^Evapotranspiration, Phreatophytes, Water Supply^chapter^:
^1960^Dortignac, E. J.^Dortignac, E.J. (1960): The Rio Puerco: Past Present and Future. In: New Mexico Water Conference Proceedings. Vol. 5. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 45-51.^^Anthology/proceedings, Environmental Change, Erosion, History, Rio Puerco^chapter^:
^1960^Duffen, William A.^Duffen, William A. (1960): Overland Via 'Jackass Mail' in 1858: The Diary of Phocion R. Way. Arizona and the West 2, 147-164. (ed.)^On June 4, 1858, Phocian R. Way arrived in El Paso, Texas, after a trip of twenty-eight days from his home in Cincinnati, Ohio. During this short time he traveled by riverboat to New Orleans and from there was taken by steamer to Indianola, Texas. Leaving the coast, passing through San Antonio, and then over the primitive trail via 'Jackass Mail' to El Paso, Way was initiated into the hardships of overland travel of the 1850's.^Anglos, Gila River, San Pedro River, Trails/roads, Travel^article^:
^1960^Harris, Benjamin Butler^Harris, Benjamin Butler (1960): The Gila Trail: The Texas Argonauts and the California Gold Rush. (Series Ed: Dillon, Richard H.) University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Anglos, Gila River, Mining, Travel^book^:
^1960^Hendricks, E. L.;Kam, William;Bowie, James E.^Hendricks, E.L, William Kam & James E. Bowie (1960): Progress Report on Use of Water by Riparian Vegetation, Cottonwood Wash, Arizona. (Geological Survey Circular, 434.) United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.^"Measurements of streamflow, ground-water levels, and meteorological data obtained in a 4.1-mile reach of the flood plain of Cottonwood Wash, Mohave County, Ariz., define the use of water by riparian vegetation in that part of the stream valley. The computed evapotranspiration loss during the growing season of 1959 was 175 acre-feet, which represented about 33 percent of the water the entered the reach. The maximum rate of loss during the season was slightly more than 8 acre-feet per week, or about 60 percent of the Inflow..."^Cottonwood Wash, Evapotranspiration, Mohave County, Vegetation, Water Loss^book^:
^1960^Hislop,Herbert R.^Hislop,Herbert R. (1960):An English Pioneer in Arizona: The Letters of Herbert R. Hislop. The Kiva 25(3, February), 23-36. (Part II)^"This is the second of three isntallments of the letters of Herbert R. Hislop, written from Arizona to his grandmother and to his sister, Amy, in England. Hislop and Walter Vail bought the Empire Ranch from E.M. Fish in 1876 to lay the foundations of the Empire Land and Cattle Company, what was to become one of the largest cattle spreads in Arizona."^Diaries/memoirs/letters, History, Santa Cruz River, Sonoita Creek, Travel^article^:
^1960^Hislop,Herbert R.^Hislop,Herbert R. (1960):An English Pioneer in Arizona: The Letters of Herbert R. Hislop. The Kiva 25(4, April), 33-49. (Part III)^"The last in the series of letters of Herbert R. Hislop, written from the Empire Ranch to his sister in England, these letters bring us to Hislop's abrupt departure for England. He later returned to the United States and ranched for a time in southern California, finally settling in Columbus, Ohio. We are grateful to the Hislop family for allowing us to publish these interesting and entertaining Letters."^Diaries/memoirs/letters, History, Santa Cruz River, Sonoita Creek, Travel^article^:
^1960^Kearney, Thomas H.;Peebles, Robert H.^Kearney, Thomas H & Robert H. Peebles (1960): Arizona Flora. University of California, Berkeley. 1085 Pages.^^Flora^book^:
^1960^Pontifico Atoneo Antonio^Pontifico Atoneo Antonio (1960): Documents Relating to Pimeria Alta, 1767-1800. Inventory of Documents in the Fr. Marcellino da Carezza College, Rome. Speical Collection, University of Arizona Library, Tucson. 41 Pages.^^Bibliography, History, Pimeria Alta, Spanish^book^:
^1960^Rich, L. R.^Rich, L.R. (1960): Water Yields from the Brush and Oak-Woodland Region of Arizona. In: Water Yield in Relation to Environment in the Southwestern United States. (Eds: Warnock, B.H. & J.L Gardner.) AAAS, Alpine, Texas, 28-38.^^Oaks, Shrubs, Uplands, Water Supply, Watershed^chapter^:
^1960^Sellers, W. D.^Sellers, W.D. (1960): Precipitation Trends in Arizona and New Mexico. In: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Eastern Snow Conference. Vol. 9. , 81-94.^^Anthology/proceedings, Precipitation^chapter^:
^1960^Smith, Dwight L.^Smith, Dwight L. (1960): The Engineer and the Canyon. Utah Historical Quarterly (July), 262-273+.^It was staggering to the imagination of an average person in 1889-90; seventy years later it is still fantastic. In the heroic annals of the unfolding Southwest in the latter part of the past century is a too little-known chapter of railroad history. In light of the present considerable interest in the Colorado River, the Stanton engineering survey to determine the feasibility and worth of a railroad along the river from Grand Junction, Colorado, to the Gulf of California is of historical Importance.^Colorado River, Railroads, Surveys, Transportation^article^:
^1960^Webb, P. M.^Webb, P.M. (1960): Turkey Trapping and Trans-planting in Arizona. Proceedings of the Fortieth Annual Conference of the Western Association of State Game and Fish Commissioners 40, 182-187.^^Birds, Restoration^article^:
^1960^Wheat, C. I.^Wheat, C.I. (1957-1963): Mapping the Transmississippi West, 1540-1861. Institute of Historical Cartography, San Francisco.^^Maps, Surveys^book^:
^1960^Woodbury, Richard B.^Woodbury, Richard B. (1960):The Hohokam Canals at Pueblo Grande, Arizona. American Antiquity 26(2), 267-270.^A cross section of the surviving traces of two large prehistoric canals near Pueblo Grande, Phoenix, shows one to have originally been V-shaped in profile, about 6 m wide and 4 m deep, and the other U-shaped in profile, about 10 m wide and 3 m deep. Both were dug into coarse gravel and the broader (north) canal had been lined with brown clay subsequent to its construction and initial period of use. There is a possibility that the V-shaped South Canal was built first and perhaps abandoned when the North Canal was builty. Both canals show evidence of repeated filling and clearing out, either by natural erosion due to a periodically swifter current of by the efforts of the Indians using the canals. Sherds under the banks and in the canals were too few for conclusive dating of construction and use, but suggest that this took place during the Soho phase of the Hohokam Classic period, that is, during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. Hohokam canals much older than this are known, and the occupation of nearby Pueblo Grande began earlier and lasted later than the Soho Phase.^Agriculture, Canals, Hohokam^article^:
^1959^Baldonado,Louis^Baldonado,Louis (1959):Mission San Jose de Tumacacori and San Xavier del Bac in 1774. The Kiva 24(4, April), 21-24.^"In June, 1774, Fray Antonio Ramos, Visitor, arrived at Tumacacori and San Xavier mission under the authority of His Excellency, the viceroy of New Spain, Antonio Cubareli, and of his own Superior to conduct an official visitation. His purpose was to examine the feasibility of uniting the missions and visitas, or if possible, to unite several neighboring missions. It was hoped thus to reduce the expenses that were taxing the Royal Treasury."^Missions, Population, San Xavier, Santa Cruz River, Tumacacori^article^:
^1959^Bryant, Harold C.^Bryant, Harold C. (1959): Birds of Havasu Canyon and Environs. In: Havasu Canyon: Gem of the Grand Canyon. (Ed: Wampler, Joseph) Howell-North Press, Berkeley, California, 34-42.^^Birds, Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Havasu Canyon^chapter^:
^1959^Dobyns,Henry F.^Dobyns,Henry F. (1959):Tubac Through Four Centuries. Arizona State Parks Board, Phoenix.^^History, Santa Cruz River, Settlement, Tubac^book^:
^1959^Dobyns,Henry F.^Dobyns,Henry F. (1959):Some Spanish Pioneers in Upper Pimeria. The Kiva 25(1, October), 18-22.^"Fray Luis Baldonado recently published two articles in The Kiva dealing with the Upper Pimeria missions at Tumacacori, Bac, and Caborca under Spanish Franciscan administration. Some additional information about the frontier missionaries and settlers participating in the events described in the documents translated by Father Baldonado will provide a fuller picture of the mission-mining frontier in New Spain's Old Northwest."^Missions, Pimeria Alta, Santa Cruz River, Spanish^article^:
^1959^Dunning, Charles H.^Dunning, Charles H. (1959): Rock to Riches. Southwest Publishing Company, Inc., Phoenix, Arizona.^For many years Arizona has been the greatest producer of non-ferrous metals of any of the United States. But, change the names of the mines and of the people operating them if you wish; the basic challenges and opportunities, the problems and their solutions, were essentially the same in any of our mining states. Yet the story of Arizona mining never has been told in a comprehensive way. Some of it has been written in bits and snatches, sometimes authentic, too often romanticized; frequently inaccurate, and seldom objectively. Because I have been active in Arizona and Southwestern mining for fifty years, many people suggested that I should write that story. This well nigh impossible task I agreed to undertake, and with professional help from writer-historian Edward H. Peplow, Jr. have written Rock to Riches, which in one volume attempts to tell how yesterday's waste rock has been converted into today's Riches.^History, Mining^book^:
^1959^Goetzmann, W. H.^Goetzmann, W.H. (1959): Army Exploration in the American West 1803-1863. (Yale Publications in American Studies, No. 14.) Yale University, New Haven.^^Exploration, History, Military^book^:
^1959^Hastings, James Rodney^Hastings, James Rodney (1959): Vegetation Change and Arroyo Cutting in Southeastern Arizona. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 1(October), 60-67.^"During the course of the last half-century a full-blown set of legends has grown up around changes that have supposedly occurred in the biological environment of southeastern Arizona. Fields of grass 'belly-high to a horse' used to wave across mesas and bajadas free frum brush and undissected by gullies. Streams used to run the year around, backed up by beaver dams into clear ponds in which salmon trout sported. Springs dotted the uplands. Cienegas, marshes, and swamps were abundant." filed Arroyo-cutting^arroyos, Erosion, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1959^Haury, Emil W.;Sayles, E. B.;Wasley, W. W.^Haury, Emil W., E.B. Sayles & W.W. Wasley (1959): The Lehner Mammoth Site, Southeastern Arizona. American Antiquity 25, 2-30.^^Archaeology, Mammals, Paleontology, San Pedro River^article^:
^1959^Hislop,Herbert R.^Hislop,Herbert R. (1959):An English Pioneer in Arizona: The Letters of Herbert R. Hislop. The Kiva 25(2, December), 1-23. (Part I)^"Herbert R. Hislop came to America from England in 1876, at the age of 24. He and Walter Vail purchased the E. M. Fish Ranch, near Sonoita, Arizona, renaming it the Empire Ranch. These remarkable letters give a lively account of Hislop's travels from England to New York, across the country to San Francisco by train, from San Francisco to Los Angeles by ship, from Los Angeles to Tucson by train and stagecoach, and of life in Territorial Arizona. They will appear in this and in the subsequent two issues of The Kiva. Written by H. R. Hislop to his grandmother and to his sister, Amy, in England, these letters were lent to us to publish by the late Thomas H. Hislop whose untimely death occurred in Tucson only a short time ago. To him their publication is sincerely Dedicated."^Diaries/memoirs/letters, History, Santa Cruz River, Sonoita Creek, Travel^article^:
^1959^Humphrey, Robert R.^Humphrey, Robert R. (1959): History of Vegetational Changes in Arizona. (Your Range -- Its Management) University of Arizona, Tucson. 7 pages. (University of Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station and Arizona Extension Service, Special Report No. 2)^^History, Vegetation Change^book^:
^1959^Sizemore, Mamie^Sizemore, Mamie (1959): Bibliography on Indians and Indian Affairs. Arizona Department of Education, Phoenix.^^Bibliography, Indians^book^:
^1959^U.S. Bureau of Land Management^U.S. Bureau of Land Management (1988): San Pedro Riparian Management Plan and EIS for the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area. Bureau of Land Management, Safford.^The vast area known as the public domain includes lands acquired by the United States by treaty and purchase. In addition, land ceded by the Original Thirteen States was part of the original public domain. To keep land records and to record titles the General Land Office was established in 1812. Today, it is the Bureau of Land Management which is responsible for the conservation and management of public domain lands and resources on nearly a half-billion acres. From the granting of the first public land patent (deed) in 1788 through the years of expansion and settlement, the Bureau has kept a record of more than 7 million ownership titles on over 1 billion acres. These records settle conflicting claims relating to the public domain and the original transfer of ownership from the Federal Government. Much information of historical interest about the settling of the United States is contained in the public land records. Until recently, the methods of keeping the land records had changed very little since 1787. However, the records themselves had become brittle, faded, and torn from age and use. To preserve this valuable information, a new records system has been developed. This booklet tells the story of the public land records and explains the change from the old records to the New.^History, Land Records, Public Lands^book^:
^1959^Udall, David King^Udall, David King (1959): Arizona Pioneer Mormon: David King Udall, his story and his family. Arizona Silhouettes, Tucson, Arizona.^^Agriculture, Anglos, Dam Collapse, Dams, Little Colorado River, Mormons^book^:
^1959^Wampler, Joseph^Wampler, Joseph (1959): Havasu Canyon: Gem of the Grand Canyon., Berkeley. 1221 Pages.^^Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Havasu Canyon^book^:
^1959^Webb, G.^Webb, G. (1959): A Pima Remembers. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Agriculture, Coolidge Dam, Gila River, Pima Indians^book^:
^1959^Williamson, R. R.^Williamson, R.R. (Ed.) (1959): Ecological Studies of the Flora And Fauna in Glen Canyon. University of Utah Anthropological Papers ed. Vol. 40. University of Utah, Logan. 226 Pages.^^Colorado River, Flora, Glen Canyon, Vegetation, Wildlife^book^:
^1958^Burt, W. H.^Burt, W.H. (1958): The History and Affinities of the Recent Land Mammals of Western North America. In: Zoogeography. (Ed: Hubbs, C.L.) Horn-Shafer Co., Washington, D. C., 131-154.^^Mammals^chapter^:
^1958^Edwards, E. I.^Edwards, E.I. (1958): Desert Voices: A Descriptive Bibliography. Westernlore Press, Los Angeles. 216 Pages.^^Bibliography, Culture^book^:
^1958^Fontana, Bernard L.^Fontana, Bernard L. (1958): A detailed history of the Pima Indians of Arizona. Manuscript, Arizona State University Library, Tempe.^^History, Pima Indians^other^:
^1958^Humphrey, Robert R.^Humphrey, Robert R. (1958): The Desert Grassland: A History of Vegetational Change and an Analysis of Causes. The Botanical Review 24(4, April), 193-252.^The desert grassland concept used here corresponds essentially with that of Shantz' desert grassland and desert savanna. Shreve's desert grassland transition is identical in part but also includes rather extensive areas, largely in eastern New Mexico and western Texas in the Staked Plains area classified as short grass or tall grass by Shantz. Clements' desert plains appears to include much the same area as Shantz' desert Grassland.^Grasslands, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1958^Humphrey, Robert R.;Mehrhoff, L. A.^Humphrey, Robert R. & L.A. Mehrhoff (1958): Vegetation Changes on a Southern Arizona Grassland Range. Ecology 39(4, October), 720-726.^As a result of the advent of the white man into southwestern United States and the consequent introduction of cattle and sheep, most of the desert grassland ranges now produce much less forage than they once did. A comparison of past vegetal composition with that of the present show one startling fact: the almost complete dominance today of noxious shrubs over many millions of acres of range land that were formerly grass. In this study certain vegetation changes that have taken place on a desert grassland range are discussed and the more important possible causes for these changes evaluated. The factors evaluated include: climatic changes, grazing by domestic livestock, rodents and Fire.^Exotic Species, Fire, Grasses, Grazing, Vegetation Change^article^:
^1958^Kinnaird, Lawrence^Kinnaird, Lawrence (1958): The Frontiers of New Spain: Nicolas De LaFora's Description, 1766-1768. The Quivira Society, Berkeley.^The delimitation of New Spain's northern frontier in 1772 was a momentous event in North American history. It was an official recognition of a fact that had been well known for many years. From the Gulf of California to the Gulf of Mexico the Spanish conquest had ceased. The Apache tribes, whose habitat extended from the valley of the Gila to the borders of Louisiana, had halted the northward Spanish advance and in many places had pushed back the frontier line of Settlement.^Apaches, Colorado River, Exploration, Gila River, Missions, Spanish^book^:
^1958^Libbey, Fay W.^Libbey, Fay W. (1958): The Old Vulture Mine, Arizona. Geological News Letter 24(3, March), 15-19.^My subject has to do with a mine which figured prominently in early Arizona history, but my main excuse for selecting it for this talk is to use it as an illustration of the disastrous effects major post-mineral faulting may have on a commercial mining Operation.^Hassayampa River, Mining, Wickenburg^article^:
^1958^Shadegg, Stephen C.^Shadegg, Stephen C. (1958): The Phoenix Story: an Adventure in Reclamation. Phoenix. 40 Pages.^^History, Phoenix^book^:
^1958^Simpson, J. M.;Werner, J. R.^Simpson, J.M. & J.R.Werner (1958): Some Recent Bird Records From the Salt River Valley, Central Arizona. Condor 60, 68-70.^^Birds, Maricopa County, Salt River^article^:
^1958^Woodbury, A. M. et al.^Woodbury, A.M. et al. (1958): Preliminary Report on Biological Resources of the Glen Canyon Reservoir. University of Utah Anthropological Papers, No. 31 (Glen Canyon Ser., No. 2), 219 Pages.^^Biology, Colorado River, Ecology, Glen Canyon Dam, Lake Powell, Surveys^other^:
^1957^Bowe, Richard J.^Bowe, Richard J. (1957): Pictorial Album of Arizona., Phoenix.^^Anthology/proceedings, Photos/art^book^:
^1957^Bowser, Curtis W.^Bowser, Curtis W. (1957): Introduction and Spread of Undesirable Tamarisks in the Pacific Southwestern Section of the United States and Comments Concerning the Plant's Influence Upon the Indigenous Vegetation. In: Symposium on Phreatophytes. American Geophysical Union, Sacramento, California, 12-16.^^Native Species, Saltcedar, Vegetation Change^chapter^:
^1957^Breternitz, D. A.^Breternitz, D.A. (1957): A Brief Archaeological Survey of the Lower Gila River. The Kiva 22, 1-13.^^Archaeology, Gila River, Surveys^article^:
^1957^Ferry, Philip^Ferry, Philip (1957): The Little Colorado Runs Dry. Pacific Discovery 10(3, May/June), 18-23.^^Little Colorado River, Water Supply^article^:
^1957^Greever, William S.^Greever, William S. (1957):Railway Development in the Southwest. New Mexico Historical Review 32(2, April), 151-203.^The first railways through the Southwest were born of the American dream of a transcontinental railroad. As early as the 1830's some people envisioned such a link between the established East and the undeveloped West. About 1845 a Yankee tea merchant, Asa Whitney, returned from two years in China, filled with enthusiasm for the railroad project. He felt especially its importance in securing a larger share of the lucrative, expanding Oriental trade. His boundless enthusiasm aroused much interest among Congressmen, but his casual attitude toward practical engineering difficulties distressed them and his request for a federal land grant to aid in constructing the line divided Them....^History, Railroads^article^:
^1957^Huntington, Dan J. W.^Huntington, Dan J.W. (1957): Fort McDowell in the Eighties. Manuscript on file at Arizona State Archives, Phoenix.^^Fort Mcdowell, Military, Verde River^other^:
^1957^Moorhead, Max L.^Moorhead, Max L. (1957): Spanish Transportation in the Southwest, 1540-1846. New Mexico Historical Review 32, 107-122.^The history of transportation in the American Southwest is as old as travel itself. Although its most primitive forms - the man-borne pack and the dog-drawn travois - persisted in use until quite recent times, these were largely superseded by Spanish techniques involving large domesticated animals and the wheel. The present study is concerned with these more advanced methods, their development in the region at large, and their particular application to the province of New Mexico. This, then, is a study of the horse, mule, burro, and ox; of the car and wagon; and, especially, of the organization and operation of the caravan. Most significantly, it is the history of a life-line of a frontier Civilization.^History, Spanish, Transportation^article^:
^1957^Pierson, Lloyd^Pierson, Lloyd (1957): A Short History of Camp Verde, Arizona. El Palacio 64(11-12), 323-339.^^Camp Verde, History, Military, Verde River^article^:
^1957^Schumm, S. A.;Hadley, R. F.^Schumm, S.A. & R.F. Hadley (1957): Arroyos and the Semi-Arid Cycle of Erosion. American Journal of Science 255, 161-174.^^Arroyos, Erosion, Geomorphology^article^:
^1957^Schwalen,Harold Christy; Shaw,Richard Joy^Schwalen,Harold Christy; Shaw,Richard Joy (1957):Ground water supplies of the Santa Cruz Valley of southern Arizona, between Rillito station and the International Boundary. (Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, No. 288.) University of Arizona, Tucson.^^^book^:
^1957^Vroman, H.^Vroman, H. (1957): Saga of the Salt. Arizona Highways 33(1, January), 10-27.^^Dams, History, Human Impact, Photos/art, Salt River^article^:
^1956^Burden, K.^Burden, K. (1956): The Hassayampa River. Arizona Highways (May)^^Hassayampa River^article^:
^1956^Conner, Daniel Ellis^Conner, Daniel Ellis (1956): Joseph Reddeford Walker and the Arizona Adventure. (Series Eds: Berthrong, Donald J. & O. Davenport) University of Oklahoma press, Norman.^^Anglos, Biography, Colorado River, Gila River, Mining, Salt River, Travel^book^:
^1956^DiPeso, Charles C.^DiPeso, Charles C. (1956): The Upper Pima of San Cayetano del Tumacacori: an Archaeological Reconstruction of the Ootam sic of Pimeria Alta. Vol. 7. Amerind Foundation, Dragoon. 500 Pages.^^Archaeology, Missions, Pimeria Alta, Tohono O'odham, Tumacacori^book^:
^1956^Johnson, P. W.;White, N. D.^Johnson, P.W. & N.D. White (1956): Pumpage and Ground-Water Levels in Arizona in 1955. (Water Resources Report, No. 1.) Arizona State Land Department, Phoenix.^^Groundwater, Water Loss^book^:
^1956^McDonald, J. E.^McDonald, J.E. (1956): Variability of Precipitation in an Arid Region: A Survey of Characteristics for Arizona. (Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Technical Report, No. 1.) University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Climate, Precipitation^book^:
^1956^Miller, Joseph^Miller, Joseph (1956): Arizona the Last Frontier. Hastings House, New York. 350 Pages.^^Description, History^book^:
^1956^Myers, J. M.^Myers, J.M. (1956): The Salt Navy Attests to a Once Moist River. Arizona Republic (December 9).^^Boats, Salt River^article^:
^1956^Oaks, George W.^Oaks, George W. (1956): Man of the West: Reminiscences of George Washington Oaks 1840-1917. Vol. Ed. Ben Jaastad. Arizona Pioneers Historical Society, Tuc. 65 Pages.^^Colorado River, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Military, Yuma^book^:
^1956^Porter, B. A.^Porter, B.A. (1956): Little Colorado River Settlements: Brigham City, Joseph City, Obed, and Sunset. Arizona State College, Tempe. (MS Thesis)^The four settlements discussed in this study were the first of many such communities established in what is now Arizona by the Mormon church. The hardy pioneers who arrived on the banks of the Little Colorado river in March of 1876, were the vanguard of a migration from Utah that was to play a very important part in the settlement and development of Arizona, and particularly the northern and eastern sections of the State.^Agriculture, Anglos, Little Colorado River, Mormons^book^:
^1956^Rich, L. R.^Rich, L.R. (1956): Relation of Plant Cover to Watershed Management. Arizona Cattlelog 11(12, August), 34-36.^The classic controversy whether plants increase or decrease water supplies, like most things we argue about, cannot be settled by a plain 'yes' or 'no' answer. Too much depends on the kind of plant cover, climate, topography, soil, and other highly variable factors. It is common knowledge that plants grow only when provided with water and that some plants require more water than others. From this obvious fact, one is tempted to conclude that removing plant cover will cause more water to reach the stream. Yielding to this temptation neglects what experience has taught about many a slip between cup and lip. All that we should conclude is that removal of plants results in less water use by plants. That could mean that there will be more moisture in the soil, and that more moisture in the soil increases the chance for seepage flow through the soil when the next rain comes. Except - and this is a big except - that evaporation goes right on with or without plants and, except for deep soils can, given time, dry the soil just as dry or drier without plants as with Them.^Grazing, Vegetation, Watershed^article^:
^1956^Sauer, Carl O.^Sauer, Carl O. (1956): The Agency of Man on the Earth. In: International Symposium on Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth. (Ed: Thomas, W.L.) University of Chicago Press, Chicago.^^Environmental Change, Human Impact^chapter^:
^1956^Schulman, E.^Schulman, E. (1956): Dendroclimatic Changes in Semiarid America. University of Arizona, Tucson.^^Climate, Dendrochronology^book^:
^1956^Schwartz,Douglas W.^Schwartz,Douglas W. (1956):The Havasupai 600 A.D. - 1955 A.D.: A Short Culture History. Plateau 28(4, April), 77-85.^"The Havasupai are a tribe of Yuman-speaking Indians who now live at the bottom of Cataract Creek Canyon, a side branch of northwestern Arizona's Grand Canyon. When they were first discovered, in 1776 by an exploring Franciscan priest, they were leading an economically double life. In the spring and summer they irrigated corn and bean fields from an ever-flowing spring of clear blue-green water, while during the winter they migrated up to the plateau, where they gathered and hunted the local flora and fauna until the following Spring."^Agriculture, Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Havasupai, Indians^article^:
^1956^Smith, G. E. P.^Smith, G.E.P. (1956): Arizona Loses a Water Supply. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.^^Colorado River, Water Supply^book^:
^1956^Sweeny, Lt Thomas W.^Sweeny, Lt Thomas W. (1956): Journal of Lt. Thomas W. Sweeny, 1849-1853. (Great West and Indian Series, No. 7.) Westernlore Press, Los Angeles. 278 Pages.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Gila River, Indians, Military, Yuma^book^:
^1956^Thomas, Jr, W L.^Thomas, Jr, W L. (Ed.) (1956): Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.^^Environmental Change, Human Impact^book^:
^1956^Wingfield, D. W.^Wingfield, D.W. (1956): Forest Fires, Yesterday and Today. Arizona Cattlelog 11(11, July), 23-24.^"We are now confronted with a critical fire danger created mostly by the hoarding of trash and litter on the forest floor. We have accumulated the largest store of inflammable material in Arizona's hsitory, creating a fire hazard of great concern. In view of this it behooves our Forest Officials to take extreme measures to prevent fires that could result in a major catastrophe. Not all of our citizens appreciate the seriousness of the situation that we are Facing."^Fire, Forests/woodlands^article^:
^1956^Wolcott, H. N.; Skibitzke, H. E.; Halpenny, Leonard C.^Wolcott, H. N.; Skibitzke, H. E.; Halpenny, Leonard C. (1956):Water Resources of the Bill Williams River Valley near Alamo, Arizona:. (Geological Survey Water Supply Paper, 1360-D.) U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.^An investigation of the water resources of the Bill Williams River valley near Artillery Peak and Alamo, Ariz., was made during the spring and summer of 1951 to determine the availability of water for a manganese mine in the Artillery Mountains and a proposed mill near Alamo. Geologic, hydrologic, and geophysical methods were Used.^Bill Williams River, Geohydrology, Hydrology, Water Supply^book^:
^1956^Wolcott, H. N.;Skibitzke, H. E.;Halpenny, Leonard C.^Wolcott, H.N., H.E. Skibitzke & Leonard C. Halpenny (1956): Water Resources of the Bill Williams River Valley near Alamo, Arizona: an Investigation of the Availability of Water in the Area of the Artillery Mountains Manganese Deposits. Vol. Water Supply Paper 1360D. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.c.^^Bill Williams River, Water Supply^book^:
^1956^Young, May E.^Young, May E. (1956): Ups and Downs of the Early Cattlemen. Arizona Cattlelog 11(9, May), 26-28.^In the early days, prior to 1882 when the Santa Fe railroad was completed through northern Arizona, the cattlemen of Mohave County were desperate for a market. Cattle accumulated on the ranges until there was such a surplus that the ranchers could hardly give them away. For years, there was no demand for anything except two- and three-year old steers. Old cows and bulls were left to die on the range. A steer over three years old was considered a 'rough'. Wild horses, too, were accumulating until they were a menace. Something had to be Done.^History, Mohave County, Ranching^article^:
^1955^Barney, James M.^Barney, James M. (1955): Agricultural Conditions in the Salt River Valley In the Early 1870's. The Sheriff Magazine April-May, 37-40.^In many ways the year 1870 was an interesting one to the little group of farmers around the Phoenix settlement. Many events of importance, as well as a rapid increase of population during this period, augured well for the certain and permanent future of the isolated Community.^Agriculture, Maricopa County, Salt River^article^:
^1955^Campbell, W. S.^Campbell, W.S. (1955): The Book Lover's Southwest: A Guide to Good Reading. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.^^Bibliography, Southwest^book^:
^1955^Coates, D. R.;Cushman, R. L.^Coates, D.R. & R.L.Cushman (1955): Geology and Ground-Water Resources of the Douglas Basin, Arizona. (U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper, No. 1354.) U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. 56 pages.^"The authors stated (p. 8-9) that Whitewater Draw was perennial in the 2-mile reach immediately north of the international boundary. The flow in this reach is now Ephemeral."^Cochise County, Geology, Groundwater^book^:
^1955^Green, R. B.^Green, R.B. (1955): On the Arkansas Route to California in 1849; the Journal of Robert B. Green in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. (Series Ed: Ikuogabtm, H.I.) Bucknell University Press, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. 87 Pages.^^Anglos, Journals, Travel^book^:
^1955^Hackenberg, Robert A.^Hackenberg, Robert A. (1955): A Brief History of the Gila River Indian Reservation. Manuscript, University of Arizona Library, Tucson.^^Gila River, History, Pima Indians^other^:
^1955^Lee, John D.;Cleland, Robert Glass;Brooks, Juanita^Lee, John D., Robert Glass Cleland & Juanita Brooks (1955): A Mormon Chronicle: The Diaries of John D. Lee, 1848-1876. Vol. 2. The Huntington Library, San Marino, California.^^Anglos, Colorado River, Diaries/memoirs/letters, Exploration, Lee's Ferry^book^:
^1955^Parkman, I. H.^Parkman, I.H. (1955): Hassayampa Dam Disaster. Desert 18(11, November), 11-12.^Another good discussion of the dam collapse, with before and after Photos.^Dam Collapse, Hassayampa River, Walnut Grove Dam^article^:
^1955^Peterson, Willis^Peterson, Willis (1955): Arizona's Operation Beaver Lift. National Geographic (May), 666-668, 677-680.^^Beaver^article^:
^1955^Schroeder, Albert H.^Schroeder, Albert H. (1955): Fray Marcos de Niza, Coronado and the Yavapai. New Mexico Historical Review 30(4, October).^^Exploration, Gila River, Military, San Pedro River, Spanish, Yavapai Tribe^article^:
^1955^Sedelmayr, Jacobo^Sedelmayr, Jacobo (1955): Four Original Manuscript Narratives. Reprint ed. (Series Ed: Dunne, Peter M.) Arizona Pioneers' Historical Society, Tucson. 82 Pages.^^Exploration, Journals, Spanish, Verde River^book^:
^1955^Stewart, O. C.^Stewart, O.C. (1955): Forest and Grass Burning in the Mountain West. Southwest Lore 20, 42-46, 59-64.^^Fire, Forests/woodlands, Grasslands^article^:
^1955^Stewart, O. C.^Stewart, O.C. (1955): Forest and Grass Burning in the Mountain West. Southwest Lore 21, 5-8.^^Fire, Grasslands^article^:
^1955^Wallace, Edward Seccomb^Wallace, Edward Seccomb (1955): The Great Recommaissance: Soldiers, Artists and Scientists on the Frontier 1848-1861. Little Brown, Boston. 288 Pages.^^Biography, Colorado River, Gila River, Surveys, Virgin River^book^:
^1954^[Anon.]^Anonymous. (1954): Pioneer Stories of Arizona's Verde Valley. Verde Valley Pioneers Association, Camp Verde, Arizona. 219 Pages.^^Agriculture, Anglos, Ranching, Verde River^book^:
^1954^Carvalho,Solomon Nunes^Carvalho,Solomon Nunes (1954):Incidents of Travel and Adventure in the Far West. 1857 ed. (Series Ed: Korn,Bertram Wallace.) The Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia. 328 pages.^"Solomon Nunes Carvalho's Incidents of Travel and Adventure in the Far West is, in several respects, a unique volume. It is, firstly, the only extended narrative of Western American adventure in the mid-nineteenth centurh which was written by a Jew; as such it is fo first rate importance for those who desire to understand the variegated role of the Jew in America. It is well that the Jewish Publication Society of America, through the Schiff Fund, has decided to make this volume available to general readers, after the passage of almost a century, on the one hundredth anniversary of Jewish settlement in North America is attracting increased attention to every phase of the history of the Jews in this Land."^Colorado River, Exploration, Virgin River^book^:
^1954^Douglas, Ernest^Douglas, Ernest (1954): Phreatophytes: Water Hogs of the West. Land Improvement (December), 8-12.^Water - 'the limiting factor' - is scarce in many parts of the United States, especially the American Southwest. But 16 million acres of water-hogging 'salt cedar' are wasting huge quantaties of our precious Water...^Evapotranspiration, Phreatophytes, Saltcedar^article^:
^1954^Hackenberg, Robert A.^Hackenberg, Robert A. (1954): Bibliography of the San Carlos Apaches. Manuscript, University of Arizona Library, Tucson.^^Bibliography, San Carlos Apaches^other^:
^1954^Longwell, Chester R.^Longwell, Chester R. (1954): History of the Lower Colorado River and the Imperial Depression. In: Geology of Southern California. (Ed: Johns, R.H.) California Division of Mines Bulletin 170, Part 9, San Francisco, 53-56.^^Colorado River, Geology, History^chapter^:
^1954^Manje, Captain Juan Mateo^Manje, Captain Juan Mateo (1954): Unknown Arizona and Sonora, 1693-1721. Arizona Silhouettes, Tucson, Arizona. (From the Francisco Fernandez del Castillo Version of Luz De Tierra Incognita; Karns and Associates, Harry J.)^^Exploration, Indians, Mexico, Military, Sonora, Spanish^book^:
^1954^Page,Donald W.^Page,Donald W. (1954):Writings of Donald W. Page, Regarding the City of Tucson. Arizona Historical Society, Tucson, Manuscript 641 - Samuel Hughes, Donald W. Page Folder. Information regarding the history of Tucson and the Santa Cruz River, including Page's article titled "Samuel Hughes Reminiscences, 1838-1885".^^Lakes, Santa Cruz River, Tucson^other^:
^1954^Tevis, James H.^Tevis, James H. (1954): Arizona in the '50s. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.^^History^book^:
^1954^U.S. Geological Survey^U.S. Geological Survey (1972): Publications of the Geological Survey, 1962-1970. U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.^^Colorado River, Surface Water^book^:
^1954^Yeager, Lee E.;Hill, Ralph R.^Yeager, Lee E. & Ralph R. Hill (Eds.) (1954): Beaver Management Problems on Western Public Lands. Wildlife Management Institute. (Transaction of the Nineteenth North American Wildlife Conference)^^Beaver^book^:
^1953^Berton, Francis^Berton, Francis (1953): A Voyag