This course provides beginning
training in isolation of nematodes from soil and insect hosts and
in the identification of these nematodes to
family genus and/or species level. A written manual with dichotomous keys
for identification, protocols and procedures for nematode extraction and
identification (morphological and molecular), and culture techniques is
provided at the beginning of the course.
There are approximately 30 hours
of formally presented lectures and 20 hours of laboratory instruction/demonstrations
and a field trip.
Attendees are provided with dissecting
and compound microscopes and fresh/fixed specimens. Participants have the
opportunity to study and learn to identify the nematodes at their own pace.
A certificate is given for successful completion of the course.
The course instructor is Dr.
S. Patricia Stock, Assistant Res. Professor at the Department of Plant Pathology,
University
of Arizona.
A native from Argentina,
Dr. Stock has a strong interest and commitment in promoting knowledge of
Insect Nematology in Latin America.
Among other responsibilities, Dr. Stock is currently Chair of the Nematode
Division of the Society of Invertebrate Pathology
and Editor (Entomophilic Nematodes) of the Journal of Nematology. She has over 10 years of
expertise in insect nematology with particular emphasis in entomopathogenic
nematodes (EPN) with potential for biocontrol.
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Plans for lecturing of this course in Mexico (2003) and Costa Rica(2004) are currently being considered. Please check
this site periodically for updates and more course information. |
Classes, orders, and families in the Phylum Nematoda
associated with insects
(From Kaya and Stock, 1997)
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Class Adenophorea (syn. Aphasmidia)
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Order
Mononchida
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Family Plectidae (Phoretic)
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Order
Stichosomida
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Family
MERMITHIDAE (Obligate Parasite)
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TETRADONEMATIDAE (Obligate Parasite)
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Class Secernentea (syn. Phasmidia)
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Order
Rhabditida
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Family Carabonematidae (Obligate Parasite)
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Cephalobidae (Phoretic)
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Chambersiellidae (Phoretic)
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HETERORHABDITIDAE (Obligate pathogen)
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Oxyuridae (Obligate Parasite)
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Panagrolaimidae (Phoretic)
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Rhabditidae (Phoretic, Facultative Parasite)
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STEINERNEMATIDAE (Obligate Pathogen)
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Syrphonematidae (Obligate Parasite)
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Thelastomatidae (Obligate Parasite)
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Order Spirurida
(Animal Parasites with Insects as Vectors or Intermediate Hosts)
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Family
Filariidae (Obligate Parasite)
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Onchocercidae (Obligate Parasite)
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Physalopteridae (Obligate Parasite)
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Syngamidae (Obligate Parasite)
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Spiruridae (Obligate Parasite)
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Subuluridae (Obligate Parasite)
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Thelaziidae (Obligate Parasite)
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Order
Diplogasterida
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Family Diplogasteridae
(Phoretic, Facultative Parasite)
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Cylindrocorporidae (Phoretic)
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Order
Tylenchida
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Family ALLANTONEMATIDAE*
(Obligate Parasites)
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Aphelenchidae (Phoretic)
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Aphelenchoididae (Phoretic, Facultative Parasite)
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Entaphelenchidae (Obligate Parasite)
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Fergusobiidae (Obligate Parasite)
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PHAENOPSITYLENCHIDAE (Facultative Parasite)
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SPHAERULARIIDAE (Obligate Parasite)
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Tylenchidae (Phoretic)
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* Includes species from the families Iotonchiidae and Parasitylenchidae
(Remillet and Laumond,
1991).
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The description in parenthesis after each family indicates the
insect-nematode association. Families with biological control potential
are capitalized.
The
classification of most nematode groups including those associated with insects
is not yet stable at both the family and generic level. For instance, Maggenti
(1991) places four families (Allantonematidae, Iotonchiidae, Sphaerulariidae, and
Fergusobiidae) in the superfamily,
Sphaerularioidea, whereas Remillet
and Laumond (1991) have six families (the four families
of Maggenti plus Parasitylenchidae
and Phaenopsitylenchidae). The recognition of new families has resulted
in concomitant changes at the generic level.
In this chapter, we have modified the older and newer classifications
and incorporated the families Iotonchiidae and Parasitylenchidae with Allantonematidae. We have kept the Phaenopsitylenchidae
separate because it contains some important species that have been used in
biological control of woodwasps (Siricidae). This scheme will allow the researcher who uses
the key to get to the Allantonematidae and further
resolution can be obtained by reading Remillet and
Laumond’s (1991) paper.
There are more than 30 nematode
families associated with insects including animal and plant parasites that
use insects as vectors (Table 1). Animal
parasitic nematode families having species that use insects as vectors include
Filariidae (e.g., mosquitoes for elephantiasis of humans and
dog heartworm), Onchocercidae (e.g., black flies
for onchocerciasis of humans), and Thelaziidae (e.g., Musca
spp. for several species of eyeworms) (Geden and Stoffolano, 1984). The nematode family, Aphelenchoididae, contains
two important species of plant parasites that use insects as vectors (i.e.,
cerambycids for pine wilt and palm weevils for red
ring disease of coconut) (Giblin-Davis, 1993).
(From Kaya and Stock, 1997)
For further information regarding this course, please
contact:
Dr. S. Patricia Stock
Dept. Plant Pathology
Forbes Building, Room 204
University of Arizona
1140 E. South Campus Dr.
Tucson, AZ 85721-0036
Voice: (520) 626-3854
Fax: (520) 621-9290
e-mail: spstock@ag.arizona.edu
