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Charles Peter Gerba
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Charles Peter Gerba
Professor

Ph.D., Microbiology, 1973, University of Miami, Ccoral Gables, FL
B.S., Microbiology, 1969, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ

Office: 429 Shantz Building
Tucson, AZ 85721
Phone: (520) 621-6906
Fax: (520) 621-1647

Email: gerba@ag.arizona.edu


Dr Gerba's complete vitae (pdf)

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Environmental Microbiology, gene probes, water reuse, biocolloid transport in subsurfaces, virology, parasitology, risk assessment

POSITIONS

Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Virology and Epidemiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 1973

Assistant Professor of Environmental Virology, Department of Virology and Epidemiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 1974-1981

Adjunct Assistant Professor of Environmental Health, University of Texas School of
Public Health, Houston, Texas 77030 1976-1983

Associate Professor and Professor, Department of Nutrition and Food Science and University Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 1981-1990

Professor, Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, Phone (602) 621-6906 1990-

Adjunct Professor, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 1990-

Adjunct Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Arizona,
Tucson, Arizona 85721 1993-

Adjunct Professor, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 2000

AWARDS

 

Outstanding Research Scientist Award, College of Agriculture , The University of Arizona

1984
Environmental Science and Engineering Fellowship,American Association for the Advancement of Science 1984

Tribute of Appreciation, Criteria and Standards Division, Office of Drinking Water ,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency     

 1984

Service Award for Public Health, Pima County Health Department   

 1984

Outstanding Team Research Award, College of Agriculture , The University of Arizona     

 1992

Co-Recipient of Mckee Award (for outstanding contribution to groundwater protection), Water Environmental Federation                             

 1996

 Honorary Lifetime Membership Award for dedicated service to the water treatment    industry,

Water Quality Association 

 1997

Award of Excellence in Environmental Health for outstanding and innovative research program,

The National Association of Country and City Health Officials

1998

Selected as one of the 21 most influential people in the water industry in the 21st century by Water Technology Magazine             

 2000

Best Paper Published in the Journal of the American Water Works Association,

Water Resources Division      

2002

Best Paper Published in the Journal of the American Water Works Association.

Water Science and Research Division  

 2005
Shah Distinguished Lectureship in Risk Assessment, Stanford University   2005

 

PUBLICATIONS

BOOKS

Gerba, C.P., and S.M. Goyal (eds.).  1982.  Methods in Environmental Virology.   Marcel-Dekker, Inc., NY.

Bitton, G., and C.P. Gerba (eds.).  1984.  Groundwater Pollution Microbiology.  John Wiley and Sons, NY.

Goyal, S.M., C.P. Gerba, and G. Bitton.  1987.  Phage Ecology. John Wiley and Sons, N.Y.

Pepper, I.L., C.P. Gerba, and J.W. Brendecke.  1995.  Environmental Microbiology - A Laboratory Manual.  Academic Press, NY.

Pepper, I.L., C.P. Gerba, M.L. Brusseau, and J.F. Brendecke (eds).  1996.  Pollution Science.  Academic Press, San Diego, CA.

Haas, C.N., J.B. Rose, and C.P. Gerba.  1999.  Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment.  John Wiley, NY.

Maier, R.M., I.L. Pepper and C.P. Gerba.  2000.  Environmental Microbiology.  Academic Press, NY.

Pepper, I.L., C.P. Gerba, and J.W. Brendecke.  2004.  Environmental Microbiology - A Laboratory Manual. Second Edition.  Academic Press, San Diego.

Pepper, I. L., C. P. Gerba and M. L. Brusseau. 2006. Environmental and Pollution Science, Second Edition. Academic Press, San Diego.

PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL ARTICLES

Gerba, C.P., and G.E. Schaiberger.  1973.  Biscayne Bay: bacter­iological data interpretation.  Flor. Sci. 36:104-109

Gerba, C.P., and G.E. Schaiberger.  1975.  Effect of particulates on the survival of virus in seawater.  J. Water Pollut. Contr. Fed. 47:93-103.

Gerba, C.P., and G.E. Schaiberger.  1975.  Aggregation as a factor in loss of viral titer in seawater.  Water Res. 9:567-571.

Gerba, C.P., C. Wallis, and J.L. Melnick.  1975.  Microbial hazards of household toilets.  Droplet production and the fate of residual organisms.  Appl. Microbiol. 30:229-237.

Gerba, C.P., C. Wallis, and J.L. Melnick.  1975.  The fate of waste­water bacteria and viruses in soil.  Jr. Irrig. Drain. Div. ASCE 101:157-174.

Gerba, C.P., M.D. Sobsey, C. Wallis, and J.L. Melnick.  1975.  Factors influencing the adsorption of poliovirus onto activated carbon in wastewater.  Environ. Sci. Technol. 9:727-731.

Gerba, C.P., C. Wallis, and J.L. Melnick.  1975.  Viruses in water: the problem, some solutions.  Environ. Sci. Technol. 9:1122-1126.

Farrah, S.R., C.P. Gerba, C. Wallis, and J.L. Melnick.  1976.  Concentration of viruses from large volumes of tap water using pleated membrane filters.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 31:221­-226.

Gilbert, R.G., R.C. Rice, H. Bouwer, C.P. Gerba, C. Wallis, and J.L. Melnick.  1976.  Wastewater renovation and reuse: virus removal by soil filtration.  Science 192:1004-1005.

Gerba, C.P., and J.S. McLeod.  1976.  Effect of sediments on the survival of Escherichia coli in marine waters.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 32:114-120.

Gilbert, R.G., C.P. Gerba, R.C. Rice, H. Bouwer, C. Wallis, and J.L. Melnick.  1976.  Virus and bacteria removal from wastewater by land treatment.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 32:333-338.

Farrah, S.R., S.M. Goyal, C.P. Gerba, C. Wallis, and P.T.B. Shaffer.  1976.  Characteristics of humic acid and organic compounds concentrated from tapwater using the Aquella virus concentrator.  Water Res. 10:897-901.

Payment, P., C.P. Gerba, C. Wallis, and J.L. Melnick.  1976.  Methods for concentrating viruses from large volumes of estuarine water on pleated membrane filters.  Water Res. 10:893-896.

Lance, J.C., C.P. Gerba, and J.L. Melnick.  1976.  Virus move­ment in soil columns flooded with secondary sewage effluent.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 32:520-526.

Lance, J.C., and C.P. Gerba.  1977.  Nitrogen, phosphate and virus removal from sewage water during land filtration. Prog. Water Technol. 9:157-166.

Farrah, S.R., C.P. Gerba, S.M. Goyal, C. Wallis, and J.L. Melnick.  1977.  Regeneration of pleated filters used to concentrate enteroviruses from large volumes of tap water.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol.  33:308-311.

Gerba, C.P., C. Wallis, and J.L. Melnick.  1977.  Disinfection of wastewater by photodynamic oxidation.  J. Water Pollut. Contr. Fed. 49:575-583.

Hobbs, M.F., C.P. Gerba, C. Wallis, J.L. Melnick, and J.S. Lennon.  1977.  Photodynamic inactivation of infectious agents. J. Environ. Eng. Div. ASCE 103:459-472.

Sobsey, M.D., C.P. Gerba, C. Wallis, and J.L. Melnick.  1977.  Con­centration of enteroviruses from large volumes of turbid es­tuary water.  Can. J. Microbiol. 23:770-778.

Farrah, S.R., S.M. Goyal, C.P. Gerba, C. Wallis, and J.F. Melnick.  1977.  Concentration of enteroviruses from estuarine water.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol.  33:1192-1196.

Gerba, C.P., S.M. Goyal, E.M. Smith, and J.L. Melnick.  1977.  Dis­tribution of viral and bacterial pathogens in a coastal canal community.  Marine Pollut. Bull. 8:279-282.

Gerba, C.P., E.M. Smith, and J.L. Melnick.  1977.  Development of a quantitative method for detecting enteroviruses in estuarine sediments.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 34:158-163.

Goyal, S.M., C.P. Gerba, and J.L. Melnick.  1977.  Occurrence and distribution of bacterial indicators and pathogens in canal communities along the Texas coast.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 34:139-149.

Gerba, C.P., C. Wallis, and J.L. Melnick.  1977.  Application of photodynamic oxidation to the disinfection of tapwater, sea-water and sewage contaminated with poliovirus.  Photochem. Photobiol. 26:499-504.

Stagg, C.H., and C.P. Gerba.  1977.  Cyanophage as an indicator of animal viruses in wastewater.  (Discussion).  J. Water Pollut. Contr. Fed. 49:1915-1916.

Melnick, J.L., C.P. Gerba, and C. Wallis.  1977.  Viruses in water: an increasing awareness of the problem and approaches to its solution.  J. Viestnik AMN, USSR (J. Acad. Med. Sci., USSR) 6:70-75, (In Russian).

Farrah, S.R., S.M. Goyal, C.P. Gerba, R.H. Conklin, C. Wallis, J.L. Melnick, and H.L. Dupont.  1978.  A simple method for concentration of enteroviruses and rotaviruses from cell culture harvests using membrane filters.  Intervirology 9:56-59.

Gerba, C.P., S.R. Farrah, S.M. Goyal, C. Wallis, and J.L. Melnick.  1978.  Concentration of enteroviruses from large volumes of tap water, treated sewage and seawater.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 35:540-548.

Farrah, S.R., S.M. Goyal, C.P. Gerba, R.H. Conklin, and E.M. Smith.  1978.  Comparison between adsorption of poliovirus and rotavirus by aluminum hydroxide and activated sludge flocs.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 35:360-363.

Farrah, S.R., S.M. Goyal, C.P. Gerba, C.Wallis, and J.L. Melnick.  1978.  Concentration of poliovirus from tapwater onto membrane filters with aluminum chloride at ambient pH levels.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 35:624-626.

Smith, E.M., C.P. Gerba, and J.L. Melnick.  1978.  Role of sediment in the persistence of enteroviruses in the estuarine environment.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 35:685-689.

Stagg, C.H., C. Wallis, C.H. Ward, and C.P. Gerba.  1978.  Chlorination of solids-associated coliphages.  Prog. Water Technol. 10:381-387.

Goyal, S.M., C.P. Gerba, and J.L. Melnick.  1978.  Prevalence of human enteric virus in coastal canal communities.  J. Water Pollut. Contr. Fed. 50:2247-2256.

Farrah, S.R., S.M. Goyal, C.P. Gerba, V.K. Mahajan, C. Wallis, and J.L. Melnick.  1978.  Concentration of humic acid from tap water.  Water Res. 12:303-306.

Hurst, C., S.R. Farrah, C.P. Gerba, and J.L. Melnick.  1978.  Development of quantitative methods for the detection of enteroviruses in sewage sludges during activation and following land disposal.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 36:81‑89.

Gerba, C.P., and J.C. Lance.  1978.  Poliovirus removal from primary and secondary sewage by soil filtration.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 36:247-251.

Edmond, T.D., G.E. Schaiberger, and C.P. Gerba.  1978.  Detection of enteroviruses near deep marine sewage outfalls.  Marine Pollut. Bull. 9:246-249.

Gerba, C.P., C.H. Stagg, and M.G. Abadie.  1978.  Characterization of sewage solid-associated viruses and behavior in natural waters.  Water Res. 12:805-812.

Gerba, C.P., and S.M. Goyal.  1978.  Detection and occurrence of enteric viruses in shellfish: a review.  J. Food Protect. 41:743-754.

Melnick J.L., C.P. Gerba, and C. Wallis.  1978.  Viruses in water.  Bull. Wld. Hlth. Org.  56:499-508

Gerba, C.P., and C.H. Stagg.  1979.  Protection of viruses during disinfection by adsorption to particulate matter.  (Discussion).  J. Water Pollut. Contr. Fed. 51:414-416.

Goyal, S.M., C.P. Gerba, and J.L. Melnick.  1979.  R+ bacteria in estuarine sediments. Marine Pollut. Bull. 10:25-27.

Goyal, S.M., C.P. Gerba, and J.L. Melnick.  1979.  Transferable drug resistance in bacteria of coastal canal water and sediment.  Water Res. 13:349-356.

Wallis, C., J.L. Melnick, and C.P. Gerba.  1979.  Concentration of viruses from water by membrane chromatography.  Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 33:413-437.

Goyal, S.M., C.P. Gerba, and J.L. Melnick.  1979.  Human enteroviruses in oysters and their overlying waters.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 37:572-581.

Hurst, C.J., and C.P. Gerba.  1979.  Development of a quantitative method for the detection of enteroviruses in soil.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 37:626-632.

Estes, M.K., D.Y. Graham, E.M. Smith, and C.P. Gerba.  1979.  Rotavirus stability and inactivation.  J. Gen. Virol. 43:403-409.

Smith, E.M., M.K. Estes, D.Y. Graham, and C.P. Gerba.  1979.  A plaque assay for the simian rotavirus SA11.  J. Gen. Virol. 43:513-519.

Gerba, C.P., R.A.F. Dixon, F.E. Farber, C. Wallis, and J.L. Melnick.  1979.  Photodynamic inactivation of fish pathogens.  Develop. Indust. Microbiol. 20:647-651.

LaBelle, R.L., and C.P. Gerba.  1979.  Influence of pH, salinity and organic matter on the adsorption of enteric viruses to estuarine sediment.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 38:93-101.

Marzouk, Y., S.M. Goyal, and C.P. Gerba.  1979.  Prevalence of enteroviruses in ground water of Israel.  Ground Water 17:487-491.

Goyal, S.M., and C.P. Gerba.  1979.  Comparative adsorption of human enteroviruses, simian rotavirus and selected bacteriophages to soils.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 38:241-247.

Melnick, J.L., and C.P. Gerba.  1979.  Is the water safe to drink?  J. Infect. Dis. 139:736-737.

Gerba, C.P., S.M. Goyal, R.L. LaBelle, I. Cech, and G.F. Bogdan.  1979.  Failure of indicator bacteria to reflect the occurrence of enteroviruses in marine water.  Am. J. Publ. Hlth. 69:1116-1119.

Estes, M.K., D.Y. Graham, C.P. Gerba, and E.M. Smith.  1979.  Simian rotavirus SA11 replication in cell cultures.  J. Virol. 31:810-815.

Melnick, J.L., and C.P. Gerba.  1980.  The ecology of enteroviruses in natural waters.  CRC Crit. Rev. Environ. Contr. 10:65-93.

Gerba, C.P., S.M. Goyal, C.J. Hurst, and R.L. LaBelle.  1980.  Type and strain dependence of enterovirus adsorption to activated sludge, soils and estuarine sediments.  Water Res. 14:1197-1198.

Lance, J.C., and C.P. Gerba.  1980.  Poliovirus movement during high rate land filtration of sewage water.  J. Environ. Qual. 9:31-34.

Hurst, C.J., and C.P. Gerba.  1980.  Stability of simian rotavirus in fresh and estuarine water.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 39:1-5.

Goyal, S.M., K.S. Zerda, and C.P. Gerba.  1980.  Concentration of coliphages from large volumes of water and wastewater.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 39:85-91.

Goyal, S.M., H. Hanssen, and C.P. Gerba.  1980.  Simple method for the concentration of influenza virus from allantoic fluid on microporous filters.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 39:500-504.

Goyal, S.M., C.P. Gerba, and J.C. Lance.  1980.  Movement of endotoxin through soil columns.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 39:544-547.

LaBelle, R.L., C.P. Gerba, S.M. Goyal, J.L. Melnick, I. Cech, and G.F. Bogdan.  Relationships between environmental factors, bacterial indicators and the occurrence of enteric viruses in estuarine sediments.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 39:588-596.

Wang, D.S., J.C. Lance, and C.P. Gerba.  1980.  Evaluation of various soil water samples for virological sampling.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 39:662-664.

LaBelle, R.L., and C.P. Gerba.  1980.  Influence of estuarine sediment on virus survival under field conditions.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 39:749-755.

Marzouk, Y., S.M. Goyal, and C.P. Gerba.  1980.  Relationship of viruses and indicator bacteria in water and wastewater of Israel.  Water Res. 14:1585-1590.

Gerba, C.P., S.M. Goyal, I. Cech, and G.F. Bogdan.  1980.  Bacterial indicators and environmental factors as related to contamination of oysters by enteroviruses.  J. Food Protect. 43:99-101.

Goyal, S.M., K.S. Zerda, and C.P. Gerba.  1980.  Concentration of bacteriophage lysates by filter chromatography.  J. Virol. Methods. 1:79-85.

Gerba, C.P., K.C. Hou, R.A. Babineau, and J.V. Fiore.  1980.  Pyrogen control by depth filtration.  Pharmaceut. Technol. 4:83-89.

Hurst, C.J., C.P. Gerba, J.C. Lance, and R.C. Rice.  1980.  Survival of enteroviruses in rapid-infiltration basins during the land application of wastewater.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40:192-200.

Liew, P., and C.P. Gerba.  1980.  Thermostabilization of entero­viruses by estuarine sediment.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40:305-308.

Hou, K., C.P. Gerba, S.M. Goyal, and K.S. Zerda.  1980.  Capture of latex beads, bacteria, endotoxin and viruses by charge-modified filters.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40:892-896.

Goyal, S.M., and C.P. Gerba.  1980.  Simple method for con­centration of bacteria from large volumes of tap water.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40:912-916.

Hurst, C.J., C.P. Gerba, and I. Cech.  1980.  Effects of environ­mental variables and soil characteristics on virus survival in soil.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40:1067-1079.

Keswick, B.H., and C.P. Gerba.  1980.  Viruses in groundwater.  Environ. Sci. Technol. 14:1290-1297.

Melnick, J.L., and C.P. Gerba.  1980.  Viruses in Water and Soil.  Public Health Reviews 9:185-213.

Keswick, B.H., C.P. Gerba, and S.M. Goyal.  1981.  Occurrence of enteroviruses in community swimming pools.  Amer. J. Public Health 71:1026-1030.

Gerba, C.P., S.M. Goyal, I. Cech, and G.F. Bogdan.  1981.  Quanti­tative assessment of the adsorptive behavior of viruses to soils.  Environ. Sci. Technol. 15:940-944.

Hejkal, T.W., and C.P. Gerba.  1981.  Uptake and survival of enteric viruses in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 41:207-211.

Wang, D.S., C.P. Gerba, and J.C. Lance.  1981.  Effect of soil permeability on virus removal through soil columns.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 42:83-88.

Goyal, S.M., and C.P. Gerba.  1982.  Occurrence of endotoxins in groundwater during the land application of wastewater.  J. Environ. Sci. and Hlth. A17:187-196.

Keswick, B.H., C.P. Gerba, S.L. Secor, and I. Cech.  1982.  Survival of enteric viruses and indicator bacteria in groundwater.  J. Environ. Sci. and Hlth., A17:903-912.

LaBelle, R.L., and C.P. Gerba.  1982.  Investigations into the protective effect of estuarine sediment on virus survival.  Water Res. 16:469-478.

Schaiberger, G.E., T.D. Edmond, and C.P. Gerba.  1982.  Dis­tribution of enteroviruses in sediments contiguous with a deep marine sewage outfall.  Water. Res. 16:1425-1428.

Melnick, J.L., and C.P. Gerba. 1982.  Viruses in surface and drinking water.  Environ. Interntl. 7:3-7.

Hejkal, T.W., C.P. Gerba and V.C. Rao. 1982.  Reduction of cytotoxicity in virus concentrates from environmental samples.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43:731-733.

Smith, E.M., and C.P. Gerba.  1982.  Development of a method for the detection of human rotavirus in water and sewage.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43:1440-1450.

Hejkal, T.W., B.H. Keswick, R.L. LaBelle, C.P. Gerba, Y. Sanchez, G. Dreesman, B. Hafkin, and J.L. Melnick. 1982.  Viruses in a community water supply associated with an outbreak of gastroenteritis and infectious hepatitis.  J. Amer. Water Works Assoc. 74:318-321.

Keswick, B.H., D.S. Wang, and C.P. Gerba.  1982.  The use of microorganisms as groundwater tracers: a review.  Ground Water 20:142-149.

Lance, J.C., C.P. Gerba, and D.S. Wang.  1982.  Comparative movement of different enteroviruses in soil columns.  J. Environ. Qual. 11:347-351.

Singh, S.N., and C.P. Gerba.  1983.  Concentration of coliphage from water and sewage with charge-modified filter aid.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45:232-237.

Hejkal, T.W., C.P. Gerba, S. Henderson, and M. Freeze.  1983.  Bacteriological, virological and chemical evaluation of a wastewater-aquaculture system.  Water Res. 17:1749-1755.

Singh, S.N., J.B. Rose, and C.P. Gerba.  1983.  Concentration of viruses from tap water and sewage with a charge‑modified filter aid.  J. Virol. Methods 6:329-336.

Gerba, C.P.  1983.  Virus survival and transport in ground­water.  Develop. Indust. Microbiol. 24:247-251.

Gerba, C.P.  1983.  Virus fate in groundwater.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest.  13:111-114.

Yates, M.V., and C.P. Gerba.  1983.  Virus survival in groundwater.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest.  13:115-120.

Bitton, G., and C.P. Gerba.  1983.  Microbiologies des eaux souterraines: son interet dans la protection des resources in eau.  (Groundwater microbiology: role in the protection of groundwater resources.)  Revue Francaise des Sciences de L'eau (in French), 2:321-329.

Goyal, S.M., and C.P. Gerba. 1983.  VIRDEL method for detec­tion of rotavirus from seawater.  J. Virol. Methods 7:279-285.

Farber, F.E., S.E. Gradwhol, P.B. Sanford, M.J. Tobin, K. Vilec, and C.P. Gerba.  1983.  Bacteriophage concentration from water by filter chromatography.  J. Virol. Methods 7:297-304.

Gerba, C.P., G.E. Janauer, and M. Costello.  1984.  Removal of poliovirus and rotavirus from tapwater by a quaternary ammonium resin.  Water Res. 18:17-19.

Goyal, S.M., B.H. Keswick, and C.P. Gerba.  1984.  Viruses in groundwater and soil beneath sewage irrigated cropland.  Water Res. 18:299-302.
 
Deetz, T.R., E.M. Smith, S.M. Goyal, C.P. Gerba, J.J. Vollet, L. Tsai, H.L. DuPont, and B.H. Keswick.  1984.  Occurrence of rota- and enteroviruses in drinking and environmental water in a developing nation.  Water Res. 18:567-571.

Gerba, C.P., B.H. Keswick, H.L. DuPont, and H.A. Fields.  1984.  Isolation of rotavirus and hepatitis A virus from drinking water.  In: Enteric Viruses in Water.  Monographs in Virology, (J.L. Melnick, ed.) Vol. 15, pp. 119-125, S. Karger, Basel, Switzerland.

Lance, J.C., and C.P. Gerba.  1984.  Virus movement in soil during saturated and unsaturated flow.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47:335-337.

Lance, J.C., and C.P. Gerba. 1984.  Effect of ionic composition of suspending solution on virus adsorption by a soil column.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47:484-488.

Hejkal, T.W., E.M. Smith, and C.P. Gerba.  1984.  Seasonal occurrence of rotavirus in sewage.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47:588-590.

Rose, J.B., S.N. Singh, C.P. Gerba, and L.M. Kelly.  1984.  Comparison of microporous filters for concentration of viruses from wastewater.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47:989-992.

Keswick, B.H., C.P. Gerba, H.L. DuPont, and J.B. Rose.  1984.  Detection of enteric viruses in treated drinking water.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47:1290-1294.

Gerba, C.P.  1984.  Applied and theoretical aspects of virus adsorption to surfaces.  Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 30:133‑168.

Yates, M.V., and C.P. Gerba.  1984.  Factors controlling the survival of virus in groundwater.  Water Sci. Technol. 17:681-687.

Toranzos, G.A., C.P. Gerba, and H. Hanssen.  1984.  Simple method for concentration of viruses from large volumes of water.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48:431-432.

Zerda, K.S., and C.P. Gerba.  1984.  Agarose isoelectrofocus­ing of intact virions.  J. Virol. Methods. 9:1-6.

Mohrbacher, C.V., R. DeLeon, G.A. Toranzos, R.L. Mullinax, and C.P. Gerba.  1984.  Microbial contamination of ground­water in the Pinetop-Lakeside Area of Northern Arizona.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest. 14:157-164.

Stetzenbach, L.D., M.V. Yates, C.P. Gerba, and N.A. Sinclair.  1984.  The growth and survival of "naturally-occurring" bact­eria in well water.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest. 14:165-174.

DeLeon, R., S.N. Singh, J.B. Rose, R.L. Mullinax, and C.P. Gerba.  1984.  Virus removal by rapid sand filtration, Tucson Water Reuse Project.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest. 14:175-183.

Gerba, C.P., J.B. Rose, and S.N. Singh.  1985.  Waterborne gastroenteritis and viral hepatitis.  CRC Crit. Rev. Environ. Control. 15:213-236.

Zerda, K.S., C.P. Gerba, K.C. Hou, and S.M. Goyal.  1985.  Ad­sorption of viruses to charge-modified silica.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49:91-95.

Yates, M.V., C.P. Gerba, and L.M. Kelley.  1985.  Virus persis­tence in groundwater.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49:778-781.

Badawy, A.S., C.P. Gerba, and L.M. Kelley.  1985.  Develop­ment of a method for recovery of rotavirus from vegetables.  J. Food Protect. 48:261-264.

Wang, D.S., C.P. Gerba, J.C. Lance, and S.M. Goyal.  1985.  Comparative removal of enteric bacteria and poliovirus by sandy soils.  J. Environ. Sci. Hlth. A20:617-624.

Keswick, B.H., C.P. Gerba, J.B. Rose, and G.A. Toranzos.  1985.  Detection of rotavirus in treated drinking water.  Water Sci. Technol. 17:1-6.

Gerba, C.P., and K. Hou.  1985.  Endotoxin removal by charge­-modified filters.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50:1375‑1377.

Badawy, A.S., C.P. Gerba, and L.M. Kelley.  1985.  Survival of rotavirus SA-11 on vegetables.  Food Microbiol. 2:199­-205.

Rose, J.B., C.P. Gerba, S.N. Singh, G.A. Toranzos, and B. Keswick. 1986.  Isolating viruses from finished water.  J. American Water Works Assoc. 78:56-61.

Singh, S.N., M. Bassous, C.P. Gerba, and L.M. Kelley.  1986.  Use of dyes and proteins as indicators of virus adsorption to soils.  Water Research 20:267-272.

DeLeon, R., S.N. Singh, J.B. Rose, R.L. Mullinax, C.E. Musial, S.M. Kutz, N.A. Sinclair, and C.P. Gerba.  1986.  Microorganism removal from wastewater by rapid mixed media filtration.  Water Research 20:583-587.

Toranzos, G.A., C.P. Gerba, M. Zapata, and F. Cardona.  1986.  Presence de virus enteriques dans des eaux de consommation a Cochabamba (Bolivie) (in French).  Sciences et Techniques do L'Eau ,2:91-93.

Yates, M.V., S.R. Yates, A.W. Warwick, and C.P. Gerba.  1986.  Use of geostatistics to predict virus decay rates for deter­mination of septic tank setback distances.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52:479-483.

Grondin, J., and C.P. Gerba.  1986.  Virus dispersion in a coarse porous medium.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest 16:11-15.

Gerba, C.P.  1986.  Microbial contamination of groundwater by landfills:  risk assessment.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest 16:21-29.

Rose, J.B., G.S. Sun, B.C. Weimer, R.S. Silverman, C.P. Gerba, and N.A. Sinclair.  1986.  Microbial quality of gray water for reuse.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest 16:71-83.

Foster, K.E., M.M. Karpiscak, K.J. DeCook, R. Brittain, C.P. Gerba, M.C. Parton, and R.L. Rawles.  1986.  Residential water conservation:  progress report for Casa del Agua.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest 16:105-118.

Toranzos, G.A., H. Hanssen, and C.P. Gerba.  1986.  Occurrence of enteroviruses and rotaviruses in drinking water in Colombia.  Water Sci. Techn. 18:109-114.

Rose, J.B., A. Cifrino, M.S. Madore, C.P. Gerba, C.R. Sterling, and M.J. Arrowood.  1986.  Detection of Cryptosporidium from wastewater and fresh water environments.  Water Sci. Techn. 18:233-239.

DeLeon, R., H.A. Payne, and C.P. Gerba.  1986.  Development of a method for poliovirus detection in freshwater clams.  Food Microbiol. 3:345-349.

Rose, J.B., R.L. Mullinax, S.N. Singh, M.V. Yates, and C. P. Gerba.  1987.  Occurrence of rotaviruses and enteroviruses in recre­ational waters of Oak Creek, Arizona.  Water Research 21:1375-1381.

Thurman, R.B., and C.P. Gerba.  1987.  Protecting groundwater from viral contamination by soil modification. Environ. Sci. Health A22:369-388.

Yates, M.V., S.R. Yates, J. Wagner, and C.P. Gerba.  1987.  Modeling virus survival and transport in the subsurface.  J. Contam. Hydrol. 1:329-345.

Musial, C.E., M.J. Arrowood, C.R. Sterling, and C.P. Gerba.  1987.  Detection of Cryptosporidium in water using poly­propylene cartridge filters.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53:687-692.

Madore, M.S., J.B. Rose, C.P. Gerba, M.J. Arrowood, and C.R. Sterling.  1987.  Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in sewage effluents and select surface waters.  J. Parasitol. 74:702-705.

Gerba, C.P., K. Hou, and M.D. Sobsey.  1988.  Microbial re­moval and inactivation from water by filters containing mag­nesium peroxide.  J. Environ. Sci. Hlth. A23:41-58.

Thurman, R.B., A.B. Margolin, J.P. Rockow, G.E. Janauer, M.J. Costello, and C.P. Gerba.  1988.  Characterization of the interaction between viruses and a solid polymeric contact disinfectant.  J. Environ. Sci. Hlth. A23:405-423.

Hou, K., T. Webster, and C.P. Gerba.  1988.  Microporous filters with oxidizing power for iron and manganese removal from water.  J. Environ. Sci. Hlth. A23:483-496.

Messina, M.C., H.A. Ahmad, J.A. Marchello, C.P. Gerba, and M.W. Paquette.  1988.  The effect of liquid smoke on Listeria monocytogenes.  J. Food Protect. 51:629-631.

Thurman, R.B., and C.P. Gerba.  1988.  Molecular mechanisms of viral inactivation by water disinfectants.  Adv. Applied Microbiol., 33:75-105.

Gerba, C.P.  1988.  Viral disease transmission by seafoods.  Food Technology 42:99-103.

Thurman, R.B., and C.P. Gerba.  1988.  Characterization of the effect of aluminum metal on poliovirus.  J. Indust. Microbiol. 3:33-38.

Gerba, C.P., and S.M. Goyal.  1988.  Enteric virus: risk assessment of ocean disposal of sewage sludge.  Water Sci. Technol. 20:25-31.

Rose, J.B. H. Darbin, and C.P. Gerba.  1988.  Correlations of the protozoa, Cryptosporidium and Giardia, with water quality variables in a watershed.  Water Sci. Technol. 20:271-276.

Kutz, S.M., and C.P. Gerba.  1988.  Comparison of virus survival in freshwater sources.  Water Sci. Technol. 20:467-471.

Richardson, K.J., A.B. Margolin, and C.P. Gerba.  1988.  A novel method for liberating viral nucleic acid for assay of water samples with cDNA probes.  J. Virological Methods 22:13-21.

DeLeon, R., J.E. Naranjo, J.B. Rose, and C.P. Gerba.  1988.  Occur­rence of enteric viruses and parasites in reclaimed wastewater used for irrigation in Arizona.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest. 18:79-83.

Toranzos, G.A., C.P. Gerba, and H. Hanssen.  1988.  Enteric viruses and coliphages in Latin America. Toxicity Assessment. 3:491-510.

Gerba, C.P., A.B. Margolin, and B.E. Trumper.  1988.  Enterovirus detection in water with gene probes.  Zent. gesamte Hyg. 34:518-519.

Fradkin, L., C.P. Gerba, S.M. Goyal, P. Scarpino, R.J.F. Bruins, and J.F. Stara.  1989.  The potential public health impacts of common pathogens in municipal wastewater sludge.  J. Environ. Health  51:148-152.

Yahya, M.T., L.K. Landeen, S.M. Kutz, and C.P. Gerba.  1989.  Swimming pool disinfection: an eval­uation of the efficacy of copper/silver ions.  J. Environ. Hlth. 51:282-285.

Toranzos, G.A., and C.P. Gerba.  1989.  An improved method for concentration of rotaviruses from large volumes of water.  J. Virological Methods 24:131-140.

Rose, J.B., R. DeLeon, and C.P. Gerba.  1989.  Giardia and virus monitoring of sewage effluent in the State of Arizona.  Water Sci. Technol. 21:43-47.

Gerba, C.P., A.B. Margolin, and M.J. Hewlett.  1989.  Application of gene probes to virus detection in water.  Water Sci. Technol. 21:147-154.

Landeen, L.K., M.T. Yahya, S.M. Kutz, and C.P. Gerba.  1989.  Microbiological evaluation of copper/silver disinfection units for use in swimming pools.  Water Sci. Technol. 21:267-270.

Bales, R.C., C.P. Gerba, G.H. Grondin, and S. L. Jensen.  1989.  Bacteriophage transport in sandy soil and fractured turf.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55:2061-2067.

Landeen, L.K., M.T. Yahya, and C.P. Gerba.  1989.  Efficacy of copper/silver and reduced levels of free chlorine on the inactivation of Legionella pneumophila.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55:3045-3050.

Rose, J.B., L.K. Landeen, K.R. Riley, and C.P. Gerba. 1989.  Evaluation of immunofluorescence for detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from environmental samples.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55:3189-3196.

Yahya, M.T., L.K. Landeen, N. R. Forshoefel, K. Kujawa, and C.P. Gerba.  1990.  Evaluation of potassium permanganate for inactivation of bacteriophage MS-2 in water systems.  J. Environ. Sci. Hlth. A25:81‑100.

Soares, A.C., K.L. Josephson, I.L. Pepper, and C.P. Gerba.  1989.  Occurrence of enteroviruses and Giardia cysts in land disposed sewage sludge.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest 19:31-36.

Naranjo, J.E., A. Rice, R. DeLeon, J.B. Rose, and C.P. Gerba. 1989. Monitoring for viruses in reclaimed water. Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest 19:37-42.

Goyal, S.M., D. Amundson, R.A. Robinson, and C.P. Gerba.  1989.  Viruses and drug resistant bacteria in groundwater of Southeastern Minnesota.  J. Minn. Acad. Sci. 55:58-62.

Thurman, R.B., and C.P. Gerba.  1989.  The molecular mechanisms of copper and silver in disinfection of bacteria and viruses.  CRC Critical Reviews in Environ. Contr. 18:295-315.

Yates, M.V., L.D. Stetzenbach, C.P. Gerba, and N.A. Sinclair.  1990.  The effect of indigenous bacteria on virus survival in ground water.  J. Environ. Sci. Hlth. A25:81-100.

Badawy, A.S., J.B. Rose, and C.P. Gerba.  1990.  Comparative survival of enteric viruses and coliphage on sewage irrigated grass.  J. Environ. Sci. Health. A25:937-952.

Yahya, M.T., L.K. Landeen, and C.P. Gerba.  1990.  Inactivation of Legionella pneumophila by potassium permanganate.  Environ. Technol. 11:657-662.

Keswick, B.H., D.S. Wang, and C.P. Gerba.  1982.  The use of microorganisms as groundwater tracers: a review.  Ground Water 20:142-149.

Lance, J.C., C.P. Gerba, and D.S. Wang.  1982.  Comparative movement of different enteroviruses in soil columns.  J. Environ. Qual. 11:347-351.

Singh, S.N., and C.P. Gerba.  1983.  Concentration of coliphage from water and sewage with charge-modified filter aid.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45:232-237.

Hejkal, T.W., C.P. Gerba, S. Henderson, and M. Freeze.  1983.  Bacteriological, virological and chemical evaluation of a wastewater-aquaculture system.  Water Res. 17:1749-1755.

Singh, S.N., J.B. Rose, and C.P. Gerba.  1983.  Concentration of viruses from tap water and sewage with a charge‑modified filter aid.  J. Virol. Methods 6:329-336.

Gerba, C.P.  1983.  Virus survival and transport in ground­water.  Develop. Indust. Microbiol. 24:247-251.

Gerba, C.P.  1983.  Virus fate in groundwater.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest.  13:111-114.

Yates, M.V., and C.P. Gerba.  1983.  Virus survival in groundwater.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest.  13:115-120.

Bitton, G., and C.P. Gerba.  1983.  Microbiologies des eaux souterraines: son interet dans la protection des resources in eau.  (Groundwater microbiology: role in the protection of groundwater resources.)  Revue Francaise des Sciences de L'eau (in French), 2:321-329.

Goyal, S.M., and C.P. Gerba. 1983.  VIRDEL method for detec­tion of rotavirus from seawater.  J. Virol. Methods 7:279-285.

Farber, F.E., S.E. Gradwhol, P.B. Sanford, M.J. Tobin, K. Vilec, and C.P. Gerba.  1983.  Bacteriophage concentration from water by filter chromatography.  J. Virol. Methods 7:297-304.

Gerba, C.P., G.E. Janauer, and M. Costello.  1984.  Removal of poliovirus and rotavirus from tapwater by a quaternary ammonium resin.  Water Res. 18:17-19.

Goyal, S.M., B.H. Keswick, and C.P. Gerba.  1984.  Viruses in groundwater and soil beneath sewage irrigated cropland.  Water Res. 18:299-302.
 
Deetz, T.R., E.M. Smith, S.M. Goyal, C.P. Gerba, J.J. Vollet, L. Tsai, H.L. DuPont, and B.H. Keswick.  1984.  Occurrence of rota- and enteroviruses in drinking and environmental water in a developing nation.  Water Res. 18:567-571.

Gerba, C.P., B.H. Keswick, H.L. DuPont, and H.A. Fields.  1984.  Isolation of rotavirus and hepatitis A virus from drinking water.  In: Enteric Viruses in Water.  Monographs in Virology, (J.L. Melnick, ed.) Vol. 15, pp. 119-125, S. Karger, Basel, Switzerland.

Lance, J.C., and C.P. Gerba.  1984.  Virus movement in soil during saturated and unsaturated flow.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47:335-337.

Lance, J.C., and C.P. Gerba. 1984.  Effect of ionic composition of suspending solution on virus adsorption by a soil column.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47:484-488.

Hejkal, T.W., E.M. Smith, and C.P. Gerba.  1984.  Seasonal occurrence of rotavirus in sewage.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47:588-590.

Rose, J.B., S.N. Singh, C.P. Gerba, and L.M. Kelly.  1984.  Comparison of microporous filters for concentration of viruses from wastewater.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47:989-992.

Keswick, B.H., C.P. Gerba, H.L. DuPont, and J.B. Rose.  1984.  Detection of enteric viruses in treated drinking water.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47:1290-1294.

Gerba, C.P.  1984.  Applied and theoretical aspects of virus adsorption to surfaces.  Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 30:133‑168.

Yates, M.V., and C.P. Gerba.  1984.  Factors controlling the survival of virus in groundwater.  Water Sci. Technol. 17:681-687.

Toranzos, G.A., C.P. Gerba, and H. Hanssen.  1984.  Simple method for concentration of viruses from large volumes of water.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48:431-432.

Zerda, K.S., and C.P. Gerba.  1984.  Agarose isoelectrofocus­ing of intact virions.  J. Virol. Methods. 9:1-6.

Mohrbacher, C.V., R. DeLeon, G.A. Toranzos, R.L. Mullinax, and C.P. Gerba.  1984.  Microbial contamination of ground­water in the Pinetop-Lakeside Area of Northern Arizona.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest. 14:157-164.

Stetzenbach, L.D., M.V. Yates, C.P. Gerba, and N.A. Sinclair.  1984.  The growth and survival of "naturally-occurring" bact­eria in well water.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest. 14:165-174.

DeLeon, R., S.N. Singh, J.B. Rose, R.L. Mullinax, and C.P. Gerba.  1984.  Virus removal by rapid sand filtration, Tucson Water Reuse Project.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest. 14:175-183.

Gerba, C.P., J.B. Rose, and S.N. Singh.  1985.  Waterborne gastroenteritis and viral hepatitis.  CRC Crit. Rev. Environ. Control. 15:213-236.

Zerda, K.S., C.P. Gerba, K.C. Hou, and S.M. Goyal.  1985.  Ad­sorption of viruses to charge-modified silica.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49:91-95.

Yates, M.V., C.P. Gerba, and L.M. Kelley.  1985.  Virus persis­tence in groundwater.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49:778-781.

Badawy, A.S., C.P. Gerba, and L.M. Kelley.  1985.  Develop­ment of a method for recovery of rotavirus from vegetables.  J. Food Protect. 48:261-264.

Wang, D.S., C.P. Gerba, J.C. Lance, and S.M. Goyal.  1985.  Comparative removal of enteric bacteria and poliovirus by sandy soils.  J. Environ. Sci. Hlth. A20:617-624.

Keswick, B.H., C.P. Gerba, J.B. Rose, and G.A. Toranzos.  1985.  Detection of rotavirus in treated drinking water.  Water Sci. Technol. 17:1-6.

Gerba, C.P., and K. Hou.  1985.  Endotoxin removal by charge­-modified filters.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50:1375‑1377.

Badawy, A.S., C.P. Gerba, and L.M. Kelley.  1985.  Survival of rotavirus SA-11 on vegetables.  Food Microbiol. 2:199­-205.

Rose, J.B., C.P. Gerba, S.N. Singh, G.A. Toranzos, and B. Keswick. 1986.  Isolating viruses from finished water.  J. American Water Works Assoc. 78:56-61.

Singh, S.N., M. Bassous, C.P. Gerba, and L.M. Kelley.  1986.  Use of dyes and proteins as indicators of virus adsorption to soils.  Water Research 20:267-272.

DeLeon, R., S.N. Singh, J.B. Rose, R.L. Mullinax, C.E. Musial, S.M. Kutz, N.A. Sinclair, and C.P. Gerba.  1986.  Microorganism removal from wastewater by rapid mixed media filtration.  Water Research 20:583-587.

Toranzos, G.A., C.P. Gerba, M. Zapata, and F. Cardona.  1986.  Presence de virus enteriques dans des eaux de consommation a Cochabamba (Bolivie) (in French).  Sciences et Techniques do L'Eau ,2:91-93.

Yates, M.V., S.R. Yates, A.W. Warwick, and C.P. Gerba.  1986.  Use of geostatistics to predict virus decay rates for deter­mination of septic tank setback distances.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52:479-483.

Grondin, J., and C.P. Gerba.  1986.  Virus dispersion in a coarse porous medium.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest 16:11-15.

Gerba, C.P.  1986.  Microbial contamination of groundwater by landfills:  risk assessment.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest 16:21-29.

Rose, J.B., G.S. Sun, B.C. Weimer, R.S. Silverman, C.P. Gerba, and N.A. Sinclair.  1986.  Microbial quality of gray water for reuse.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest 16:71-83.

Foster, K.E., M.M. Karpiscak, K.J. DeCook, R. Brittain, C.P. Gerba, M.C. Parton, and R.L. Rawles.  1986.  Residential water conservation:  progress report for Casa del Agua.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest 16:105-118.

Toranzos, G.A., H. Hanssen, and C.P. Gerba.  1986.  Occurrence of enteroviruses and rotaviruses in drinking water in Colombia.  Water Sci. Techn. 18:109-114.

Rose, J.B., A. Cifrino, M.S. Madore, C.P. Gerba, C.R. Sterling, and M.J. Arrowood.  1986.  Detection of Cryptosporidium from wastewater and fresh water environments.  Water Sci. Techn. 18:233-239.

DeLeon, R., H.A. Payne, and C.P. Gerba.  1986.  Development of a method for poliovirus detection in freshwater clams.  Food Microbiol. 3:345-349.

Rose, J.B., R.L. Mullinax, S.N. Singh, M.V. Yates, and C. P. Gerba.  1987.  Occurrence of rotaviruses and enteroviruses in recre­ational waters of Oak Creek, Arizona.  Water Research 21:1375-1381.

Thurman, R.B., and C.P. Gerba.  1987.  Protecting groundwater from viral contamination by soil modification. Environ. Sci. Health A22:369-388.

Yates, M.V., S.R. Yates, J. Wagner, and C.P. Gerba.  1987.  Modeling virus survival and transport in the subsurface.  J. Contam. Hydrol. 1:329-345.

Musial, C.E., M.J. Arrowood, C.R. Sterling, and C.P. Gerba.  1987.  Detection of Cryptosporidium in water using poly­propylene cartridge filters.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53:687-692.

Madore, M.S., J.B. Rose, C.P. Gerba, M.J. Arrowood, and C.R. Sterling.  1987.  Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in sewage effluents and select surface waters.  J. Parasitol. 74:702-705.

Gerba, C.P., K. Hou, and M.D. Sobsey.  1988.  Microbial re­moval and inactivation from water by filters containing mag­nesium peroxide.  J. Environ. Sci. Hlth. A23:41-58.

Thurman, R.B., A.B. Margolin, J.P. Rockow, G.E. Janauer, M.J. Costello, and C.P. Gerba.  1988.  Characterization of the interaction between viruses and a solid polymeric contact disinfectant.  J. Environ. Sci. Hlth. A23:405-423.

Hou, K., T. Webster, and C.P. Gerba.  1988.  Microporous filters with oxidizing power for iron and manganese removal from water.  J. Environ. Sci. Hlth. A23:483-496.

Messina, M.C., H.A. Ahmad, J.A. Marchello, C.P. Gerba, and M.W. Paquette.  1988.  The effect of liquid smoke on Listeria monocytogenes.  J. Food Protect. 51:629-631.

Thurman, R.B., and C.P. Gerba.  1988.  Molecular mechanisms of viral inactivation by water disinfectants.  Adv. Applied Microbiol., 33:75-105.

Gerba, C.P.  1988.  Viral disease transmission by seafoods.  Food Technology 42:99-103.

Thurman, R.B., and C.P. Gerba.  1988.  Characterization of the effect of aluminum metal on poliovirus.  J. Indust. Microbiol. 3:33-38.

Gerba, C.P., and S.M. Goyal.  1988.  Enteric virus: risk assessment of ocean disposal of sewage sludge.  Water Sci. Technol. 20:25-31.

Rose, J.B. H. Darbin, and C.P. Gerba.  1988.  Correlations of the protozoa, Cryptosporidium and Giardia, with water quality variables in a watershed.  Water Sci. Technol. 20:271-276.

Kutz, S.M., and C.P. Gerba.  1988.  Comparison of virus survival in freshwater sources.  Water Sci. Technol. 20:467-471.

Richardson, K.J., A.B. Margolin, and C.P. Gerba.  1988.  A novel method for liberating viral nucleic acid for assay of water samples with cDNA probes.  J. Virological Methods 22:13-21.

DeLeon, R., J.E. Naranjo, J.B. Rose, and C.P. Gerba.  1988.  Occur­rence of enteric viruses and parasites in reclaimed wastewater used for irrigation in Arizona.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest. 18:79-83.

Toranzos, G.A., C.P. Gerba, and H. Hanssen.  1988.  Enteric viruses and coliphages in Latin America. Toxicity Assessment. 3:491-510.

Gerba, C.P., A.B. Margolin, and B.E. Trumper.  1988.  Enterovirus detection in water with gene probes.  Zent. gesamte Hyg. 34:518-519.

Fradkin, L., C.P. Gerba, S.M. Goyal, P. Scarpino, R.J.F. Bruins, and J.F. Stara.  1989.  The potential public health impacts of common pathogens in municipal wastewater sludge.  J. Environ. Health  51:148-152.

Yahya, M.T., L.K. Landeen, S.M. Kutz, and C.P. Gerba.  1989.  Swimming pool disinfection: an eval­uation of the efficacy of copper/silver ions.  J. Environ. Hlth. 51:282-285.

Toranzos, G.A., and C.P. Gerba.  1989.  An improved method for concentration of rotaviruses from large volumes of water.  J. Virological Methods 24:131-140.

Rose, J.B., R. DeLeon, and C.P. Gerba.  1989.  Giardia and virus monitoring of sewage effluent in the State of Arizona.  Water Sci. Technol. 21:43-47.

Gerba, C.P., A.B. Margolin, and M.J. Hewlett.  1989.  Application of gene probes to virus detection in water.  Water Sci. Technol. 21:147-154.

Landeen, L.K., M.T. Yahya, S.M. Kutz, and C.P. Gerba.  1989.  Microbiological evaluation of copper/silver disinfection units for use in swimming pools.  Water Sci. Technol. 21:267-270.

Bales, R.C., C.P. Gerba, G.H. Grondin, and S. L. Jensen.  1989.  Bacteriophage transport in sandy soil and fractured turf.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55:2061-2067.

Landeen, L.K., M.T. Yahya, and C.P. Gerba.  1989.  Efficacy of copper/silver and reduced levels of free chlorine on the inactivation of Legionella pneumophila.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55:3045-3050.

Rose, J.B., L.K. Landeen, K.R. Riley, and C.P. Gerba. 1989.  Evaluation of immunofluorescence for detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from environmental samples.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55:3189-3196.

Yahya, M.T., L.K. Landeen, N. R. Forshoefel, K. Kujawa, and C.P. Gerba.  1990.  Evaluation of potassium permanganate for inactivation of bacteriophage MS-2 in water systems.  J. Environ. Sci. Hlth. A25:81‑100.

Soares, A.C., K.L. Josephson, I.L. Pepper, and C.P. Gerba.  1989.  Occurrence of enteroviruses and Giardia cysts in land disposed sewage sludge.  Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest 19:31-36.

Naranjo, J.E., A. Rice, R. DeLeon, J.B. Rose, and C.P. Gerba. 1989. Monitoring for viruses in reclaimed water. Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest 19:37-42.

Goyal, S.M., D. Amundson, R.A. Robinson, and C.P. Gerba.  1989.  Viruses and drug resistant bacteria in groundwater of Southeastern Minnesota.  J. Minn. Acad. Sci. 55:58-62.

Thurman, R.B., and C.P. Gerba.  1989.  The molecular mechanisms of copper and silver in disinfection of bacteria and viruses.  CRC Critical Reviews in Environ. Contr. 18:295-315.

Yates, M.V., L.D. Stetzenbach, C.P. Gerba, and N.A. Sinclair.  1990.  The effect of indigenous bacteria on virus survival in ground water.  J. Environ. Sci. Hlth. A25:81-100.

Badawy, A.S., J.B. Rose, and C.P. Gerba.  1990.  Comparative survival of enteric viruses and coliphage on sewage irrigated grass.  J. Environ. Sci. Health. A25:937-952.

Yahya, M.T., L.K. Landeen, and C.P. Gerba.  1990.  Inactivation of Legionella pneumophila by potassium permanganate.  Environ. Technol. 11:657-662.

Powelson, D.K., J.R. Simpson, and C.P. Gerba.  1990.  Virus transport and survival in saturated and unsaturated flow through soil columns.  J. Environ. Qual. 19:396-401.

Bloch, A.B., S.L. Stramer, J.D. Smith, H.S. Margolis, H.A. Fields, T.W. McKinley, C.P. Gerba, J.E. Maynard, and R.K. Sikes.  1990.  Recovery of Hepatitis A virus from a water supply responsible for a common source outbreak of Hepatitis A.  Amer. J. Public Hlth. 80:428-430.

Bull, R.J., C.P. Gerba, and R.R. Trussell.  1990.  Evaluation of health risks associated with disinfection.  CRC Crit. Rev. Environ. Contr. 20:77-113.

Yahya, M.T., L.K. Landeen, M.E. Messina, S.M. Kutz, R. Schulze, and C.P. Gerba.  1990.  Disinfection of bacteria in water systems using electrolytically generated copper/silver and reduced levels of free chlorine.  Canad. J. Microbiol. 36:109-116.

Rose, J.B., and C.P. Gerba.  1991.  Use of risk assessment for development of microbial standards.  Water Sci. Technol. 24:29-34.

Gerba, C.P., D.K. Powelson, M.T. Yahya, L.G. Wilson, and G.L. Amy.  1991.  Fate of viruses in treated sewage effluent during soil aquifer treatment designed for wastewater reclamation and reuse.  Water Sci. Technol. 24:95‑102.

Margolin, A.B., M.J. Hewlett, and C.P. Gerba.  1991.  The application of poliovirus cDNA probe for the detection of enteroviruses in water.  Water Sci. Technol. 24:277-280.

DeLeon, R., and C.P. Gerba.  1991.  Detection of rotaviruses in water by gene probes.  Water Sci. Technol. 24:281‑284.

Karpiscak, M.M., R.G. Brittain, C.P. Gerba, and K.E. Foster.  1991.  Demonstrating residential water conservation in the Sonoran desert: Casa del Aqua and Desert House.  Water Sci. Technol. 24:323-330.

Rose, J.B., and C.P. Gerba.  1991.  Assessing potential health risks from viruses and parasites in reclaimed water in Arizona and Florida.  Water Sci. Technol. 23:2091-2098.

Hurst, C.J., S.A. Schuab, M.D. Sobsey, S.R. Farrah, C.P. Gerba, J.B. Rose, S.M. Goyal, E.P. Larkin, R. Sullivan, J.T. Tierney, R.T. O'Brien, R.S. Safferman, M.E. Morris, F.M. Wellings, A.L. Lewis, G. Berg, P.W. Britton, and J.A. Winter.  1991.  Multilaboratory evaluation of methods for detecting enteric viruses in soils. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:395-401.

Abbaszadegan, M., C.P. Gerba, and J.B. Rose.  1991.  Detection of Giardia cysts with a cDNA probe and applications to water samples.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:927-931.

Powelson, D.K., J.R. Simpson, and C.P. Gerba.  1991.  Effects of organic matter on virus transport in unsaturated flow.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:2192-2196.  

Pillai, S.D., K.L. Josephson, R.L. Bailey, C.P. Gerba, and I.L. Pepper.  1991.  Rapid method for processing soil samples for polymerase chain reaction amplification of specific gene sequences.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:2283‑2286.

Rose, J.B., C.P. Gerba and W. Jakubowski.  1991.  Survey of potable water supplies for Cryptosporidium and Giardia.  Environ. Sci. Technol. 25:1393-1400.

Bales, R.C., S.R. Hinkle, T.W. Kroeger, K. Stocking, and C. P. Gerba.  1991.  Bacteriophage adsorption during transport through porous media: chemical perturbations and reversibility. Environ. Sci. Technol. 25:2088-2095.

Rose, J.B., G-S. Sun, C.P. Gerba, and N.A. Sinclair.  1991.  Microbial quality and persistence of enteric pathogens in graywater from various household sources.  Water Res. 25:37-42.

Yahya, M.T., T.M. Straub, C.P. Gerba, and A.B. Margolin.  1991.  Inactivation of bacteriophage MS-2 and poliovirus in copper, galvanized and plastic domestic water pipes.  International J. Environ. Health. 1:76-86.

Regli, S., J. B. Rose, C. H. Haas, and C. P. Gerba.  1991.  Modeling the risk from Giardia and viruses in drinking water.  J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 84:76-84.

Governal, R. A., M T. Yahya, C. P. Gerba, and F. Shadman.  1991.  Oligotrophic bacteria in ultra-pure water systems: media selection and process component evaluations.  J. Industrial Microbiol. 8:223-227.

Josephson, K.L., S.D. Pillai, J. Way, C.P. Gerba, and I.L. Pepper.  1991.  Fecal coliforms in soil detected by polymerase chain reaction and DNA-DNA hybridizations.  Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55:1326-1332.

Straub, T.M., I.L. Pepper, and C.P. Gerba. 1992. Persistence of viruses in desert soils amended with anaerobically digested sewage sludge. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:636-641.

Governal, R.A., M.T. Yahya, C.P. Gerba, and F. Shadman. 1992. Comparison of assimilable organic carbon and UV-oxidizable carbon for evaluation of ultrapure-water systems. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:724-726.

Soares, A.C., I.L. Pepper, and C.P. Gerba. 1992. Recovery of poliovirus from sludge-amended soils. J. Environ. Sci. Hlth. A27:999-1005.

Sulfita, J.M., C.P. Gerba, R.K. Ham, A.C. Palmisano, W.L. Rathje, and J.A. Robinson. 1992. The world's largest landfill:  multidisciplinary investigation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 26:1486-1495.

Yahya, M.T., T. M. Straub, and C.P. Gerba. 1992. Inactivation of coliphage MS-2 and poliovirus by copper, silver, and chlorine. Can. J. Microbiol. 38:430-435.

Yahya, M. T., J.M. Cassells, T.M. Straub, and C.P. Gerba. 1992. Reduction of microbial aerosols by automatic toilet bowl cleaners. J. Environ. Hlth., 55:32.

Rusin, P. A., N. A. Sinclair, C. P. Gerba, and M. Gershman. 1992. Application of phage typing to the identification             of sources of groundwater contamination. J. Contaminant Hyd. 11:173-188.

Sobsey, M. D., A. P. Dufour, C. P. Gerba, M. W. LeChevallier, and P. Payment. 1993. Using a conceptual framework for assessing risks to health from microbes in drinking water. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 85:44-48.305.                       

Governal, R. A., C. P. Gerba, and F. Shadman. 1993. Characterization of organic impurities in high-purity water systems by AOC and TOC. Ultrapure Water April:19-24. 

Margolin, A. B., C. P. Gerba, K. J. Richardson, and J. E. Naranjo. 1993. Comparison of cell culture and a poliovirus gene probe assay for the detection of enteroviruses in environmental samples. Water Sci. Technol. 27:311-314.

Enriquez, C. E., M. Abbaszadegan, I. L. Pepper, K. J. Richardson, A. B. Margolin, and C. P. Gerba. 1993. Comparison of poliovirus detection in water by cell culture and nucleic acid hybridization. Water Sci. Technol. 27:315-319.

Abbaszadegan, M., C. P. Gerba, M. T. Yahya, and P. Rusin. 1993. Evaluation of a microbiological water purifier for inactivation of viruses, bacteria and Giardia cysts. Water Sci. Technol. 27:329-333.

Yahya, M. T., L. Galsomies, C. P. Gerba, and R. C. Bales. 1993. Survival of bacteriophages MS-2 and PRD-1 in ground water. Water Sci. Technol. 27:409-411.

Straub, T. M., I. L. Pepper, and C. P. Gerba. 1993. Virus survival in sewage sludge amended desert soil. Water Sci.             Technol. 27:421-424.

Naranjo, J. E., C. P. Gerba, S. M. Bradford, and J. Irwin. 1993. Virus removal by an on-site wastewater treatment and      recycling system. Water Sci. Technol. 27:441-444.

Yahya, M. T., C. B. Cluff, and C. P. Gerba. 1993. Virus removal by slow sand filtration and nanofiltration.  Water Sci. Technol. 27:445-448.

Bales, R. C., S. Li, K. M. Maguire, M. T. Yahya and C. P. Gerba. 1993. MS-2 and poliovirus transport in porus media: hydrophobic effects and chemical perturbations. Water Resources Res. 29:957-963.          

Straub, T. M., I. L. Pepper, C. P. Gerba. 1993. Hazards from pathogenic microorganisms in land disposed sewage sludge. Rev. Environ. Contamination Toxicology. 132:55-91.

Abbaszadegan, M., M. S. Huber, C. P. Gerba, and I. L. Pepper. 1993. Detection of enteroviruses in groundwater by polymerase chain reaction. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:1318-1324.

Way, J. S., K. L. Josephson, S. D. Pillai, M. Abbaszadegan, C. P. Gerba, and I. L. Pepper. 1993. Specific detection of Salmonella spp. by multiplex chain reaction. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:1473-1479.

Powelson, D. K., C. P. Gerba, and M. T. Yahya. 1993. Virus transport and removal in wastewater during aquifer recharge. Water Res. 27:583-590.

Enriquez, C. E., M. Abbaszadegan, I. L. Pepper, K. J. Richardson, and C. P. Gerba. 1993. Poliovirus detection in water by cell culture and nucleic acid hybridization. Water Res. 27:1113-1118.

Kinoskita, T. R. G. Bales, M. T. Yahya, and C. P. Gerba. 1993. Bacteria transport in a porous medium: retention of bacillus and Pseudomonas on silica surfaces. Water Res. 27:1295-1301.

McKay, L. D., J. A. Cherry, R. C. Bales, M. T. Yahya, and C. P. Gerba. 1993. A field example of bacteriophage as tracers of fractured flow. Envion. Sci. Technol. 27:1075-1079.

Pepper, I.L., K.L. Josephson, R.L. Bailey, M.D. Burr, and C.P. Gerba.  1993.  Survival of indicator organisms in Sonoran desert soil amended with sewage sludge.  J. Environ. Sci. Health, A28:1287-1302.

Kinoshita, T., R. C. Bales, K. M. Maguire, and C. P. Gerba. 1993. Effect of pH on bacteriophage transport through sandy soils.  J. Contaminant Hydrology 14:55-70. 

DeLeon, R., J.B. Rose, A. Bosch, F. Torrella, and C.P. Gerba.  1993.  Detection of Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and enteric viruses in surface and tap water samples in Spain.  International J.Environ. Hlth. Res., 3:121-129.

Haas, C.N., J.B. Rose, C.P. Gerba, and S. Regli.  1993.  Risk assessment of virus in drinking water.  Risk Analysis, 13:545-552.

Straub, T.M., I.L. Pepper, M. Abbaszadegan, and C.P. Gerba.  1994.  A method to detect enteroviruses in sewage sludge-amended soil using the PCR.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60:1014-1017.

Ma, Ju-Fang; J. Naranjo, and C.P. Gerba.  1994.  Evaluation of MK filters for recovery of enteroviruses from tap water.  Appl.  Environ. Microbiol., 60:1974-1977.

Ma, Ju-Fang; T.M. Straub, I.L. Pepper, and C.P. Gerba.  1994.  Cell culture and PCR determination of poliovirus inactivation by disinfectants.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60:4203-4206.

Powelson, D.K., and C.P. Gerba.  1994.  Virus removal from sewage effluents during saturated and unsaturated flow through soil columns.  Water Res.,  28:2175-2181.

Huber, S.H., C.P. Gerba, and M. Abbaszadegan.  1994.  Study of persistence of enteric viruses in landfilled disposable diapers.  Environ. Sci. Technol.,  28:1767-1772.

Soares, A.C., T.M. Straub, I.L. Pepper, and C.P. Gerba.  1994.  Effect of anaerobic digestion on the enteroviruses and Giardia cysts in sewage sludge.  J. Environ. Sci. Health A29:1887:1897.

Straub, T.M., I.L. Pepper, and C.P. Gerba.  1994.  Detection of naturally occurring enteroviruses and hepatitis A virus in undigested and anaerobically digested sludge using the polymerase chain reaction.  Can. J. Microbiol. 40:884-887.

Straub, T.M., C.P. Gerba, X. Zhou, R. Price, and M.T. Yahya.  1995.  Synergistic inactivation of Escherichia coli and MS-2 coliphage by chloramine and cupric chloride.  Water Res., 24:811-818.

Enriquez, C.E., C.J. Hurst, and C.P. Gerba.  1995.  Survival of the enteric adenoviruses 40 and 41 in tap, sea, and waste water.  Water Res., 29:2548-2553.

Enriquez, C.E., and C.P. Gerba.  1995.  Concentration of enteric adenovirus 40 from tap, sea, and waste water.  Water Res., 29:2554-2560.

Gerba, C.P., T.M. Straub, J.B. Rose, M.M. Karpiscak, K.E. Foster, and R.G. Brittain.  1995.  Water quality study of graywater treatment systems.  Water Resources Bulletin.  31:109-116.

Straub, T.M.,  I.L. Pepper, and C.P. Gerba.  1995.  Comparison of PCR and cell culture for detection of enteroviruses in sludge-amended field soils and determination of their transport.   Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 61:2066-2068.

Bales, R.C., S. Li, K.M. Maguire, M.T. Yahya, C.P. Gerba, and R.W. Harvey.  1995.  Virus and bacteria transport in a sandy aquifer, Cape Cod, MA.  Ground Water.  33:653-661.

Cassells, J.M., M.T. Yahya, C.P. Gerba, and J.B. Rose.  1995.  Efficacy of a combined system of copper and silver and free chlorine for inactivation of Naegleria Fowleri amoebas in water.  Water Sci. Tech.  31:119-122.

Straub, T.M., I.L. Pepper, and C.P. Gerba.  1995.  Removal of PCR inhibiting substances in sewage sludge amended soil.  Water Sci. Tech.  31:311-315.

Reynolds, K.A., C.P. Gerba, and I.L. Pepper.  1995.  Detection of enteroviruses in marine waters by direct RT-PCR and cell culture.  Water Sci. Tech.  31:323-328.

Johnson, D.C., K.A. Reynolds, C.P. Gerba, I.L. Pepper and J.B. Rose.  1995.  Detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in marine waters.  Wat. Sci. Tech.  31:439-442.

Gerba, C.P., M.S. Huber, J. Naranjo, J.P. Rose, and Susan Bradford.  1995.  Occurrence of enteric pathogens in composted domestic solid waste containing disposable diapers.  Waste Management and Research 13:315-324.

Rose, J.B., C.N. Haas, and C.P. Gerba.  1995.  Linking microbiological criteria for foods with quantitative risk assessment.  J. Food Safety.  15:121-132.

Ma, Ju-Fang, C.P. Gerba, and I.L. Pepper.  1995.  Increased sensitivity of poliovirus detection in tapwater concentrates by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.   J. Virological Methods.  55:295-302.

Reynolds, K.A., C.P. Gerba, and I.L. Pepper.  1996.  Detection of infectious enteroviruses by an integrated cell culture-PCR procedure.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol.  62:1424-1427.

Haas, C.N., C.S. Crockett, J.B. Rose, C.P. Gerba, and A.M. Fazil.  1996.  Assessing the risk posed by oocysts in drinking water.  J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 88:131-136.

Gerba, C.P., J.B. Rose, and C.N. Haas.  1996.  Sensitive populations: who is at the greatest risk?  Int. J. Food Microbiol., 30:113-123.

Karpiscak, M.M., C.P. Gerba, P.M. Watt, K.E.Foster, and J.A. Falabi.  1996.  Multi-species plant systems for wastewater quality improvements and habitat enhancement.  Wat. Sci. Tech., 33:231-236.

Hinsby, K., L.D. McCay, P. Jorgensen, M. Lenczewski, and C.P. Gerba.  1996.  Fracture aperture measurements and migration of solutes, viruses, and immiscible creosote in a column of clay-till.  Ground Water. 34:1065-1075.

Meng, Q.S., and C.P. Gerba.  1996.  Comparative inactivation of enteric adenovirus, polio virus, and coliphages by ultraviolet irradiation.  Wat. Res. 30:2665-2668.

Gerba, C.P., J.B. Rose, C.N. Haas, and K.D. Crabtree.  1996.  Waterborne rotavirus: a risk assessment.  Water Res., 30:2929-2940.

Brown, K., G. Craun, A. Dunfour, J. Eisenberg, J. Foran, C. Gauntt, C. Gerba, et al.  1996.  A conceptual framework to assess the risks of human disease following exposure to pathogens.  Risk Analysis 16:841-848.

Abbaszadegan, M., M.S. Huber, C.P. Gerba, and I.L. Pepper.  1997.  Detection of Giardia cysts by amplification of heat shock-induced mRNA.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 63: 324-328.

Enriquez, Carlos, E., R. Enriquez-Gordillo, D.I. Kennedy, and C.P. Gerba.  1997.  Bacteriologic survey of used cellulose sponges and cotton dishcloths from domestic kitchens.  Dairy, Food  Environ. Sanitation, 17:20-24.

Bales, R.C., L. Shimin, T.C. Jim Yeh, M.E. Lenczewski, and C.P. Gerba.  1997. Bacteriophage and microsphere transport in saturated porous media: Forced-gradient experiment at Borden, Ontario.  Water Resource Research, 33:639-648.

Haas, C.H., J.B. Rose, C.P. Gerba, and C.S. Crockett.  1997.  What predictive food microbiology can learn from water microbiology.  Food Technology, 51:91-94.

Abbaszadegan, M., M.N. Hasan, C.P. Gerba, P.F. Roessler, B.R. Wilson, R. Kuennen, and E. Van Dellen.  1997.  The disinfection efficacy of a point-of-use water treatment system against bacterial, viral and protozoan waterborne pathogens.  Wat. Res., 31:574-582.

Governal, R.A., and C.P. Gerba.  1997.  Persistence of MS-2 and PRD-1 bacteriophages in an ultrapure water system.  J. Industrial Microbiol.  18:297-301.

Meer, R.R., C.P. Gerba, and C.E. Enriquez.  1997.  Microbial survey of office coffee cups and effectiveness of an office cup washer for reduction of bacteria.  Dairy, Food Environ. Sanitation.  17:352-355.

Naranjo, J.E., C.I. Chaidez, M. Quinonez, C.P. Gerba, J. Olson, and J. Dekko.  1997.  Evaluation of portable water purification system for the removal of enteric pathogens.  Wat. Sci. Tech.  35:55-58.

Johnson, D.C., C.E. Enriquez, I.L. Pepper, T.L. Davis, C.P. Gerba, and J.B. Rose.  1997.  Survival of Giardia, Cryptosporidium, poliovirus and Salmonella in marine waters.  Wat. Sci. Tech.  35:261-268.

Gerba, C.P., D.C. Johnson, and M.N. Hasan.  1997.  Efficacy of iodine water purification tablets against Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Giardia Oocysts.  Wilderness  Environ.. Medicine.  8:96-100.

Crabtree, K.D., C.P. Gerba, J.B. Rose, and C.N. Haas.   1997.  Waterborne adenovirus: A risk assessment.  Wat. Sci. Tech.  35:1-6.

Rusin, P.A., J.B. Rose, C.N. Haas, and C.P. Gerba.  1997.  Risk assessment of opportunistic bacterial pathogens in drinking Water.  Rev. Environ. Toxicol.  152:57-83.

Rusin, P.A., J.B. Rose and C.P. Gerba.  1997.  Health significance of pigmented bacteria in drinking water.  Wat. Sci. Tech.  33:21-27.

Reynolds, K.S., C.P. Gerba, and I.L. Pepper.  1997.  Rapid PCR-based monitoring of infectious enteroviruses in drinking water.  Wat. Sci. Tech. 35:423-427.

Gerba, C.P., J.E. Naranjo, and M.N. Hasan.  1997.  Evaluation of a combined portable reverse osmosis and iodine resin drinking water treatment system for control of enteric waterborne pathogens.  J. Environ. Sci. Health. 32:2337-2354.

Rusin, P.A., J.B. Rose, C.N. Haas, and C.P. Gerba.  1997.  Risk assessment of opportunistic bacterial pathogens in drinking water.  Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxic.  15:57-83.

Enriquez, C.E., Enriquez, V.E., and C.P. Gerba.  1997.  Reduction of contamination in the household kitchen environment through the use of self-disinfecting sponges.  Dairy, Food and Environ Sanitation. 17:550-554.

Rusin, P., P. Orosz-Coughlin, and C.P. Gerba.  1998.  Reduction of faecal coliform, coliform and hetrotrophic plate count bacteria in the household kitchen and bathroom by disinfection with hypochlorite cleaners.  J. Appl. Microbiol.  85:819-828.

Reynolds, K.A., C.P. Gerba, and I.L. Pepper.  1998.  Incidence of enteroviruses in Mamala Bay, Hawaii using cell culture and direct polymerase chain reaction methodologies.  Can. J. Microbiol.  44:598-604.

Dowd, S.E., C.P. Gerba, and I.L. Pepper.  1998.  Conformation of the human-pathogenic Microsporidia Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Vittaforma corneae in water.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol.  64:3332-3333.

Dowd, S.E., C.P. Gerba, F.J. Enriquez, and I.L. Pepper.  1998.  PCR amplification and species determination of microsporidia in formalin fixed feces after immunomagnetic separation.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol.  64:333-336.

Rusin, P.A., J.B. Rose, and C.P. Gerba.  1998.  Health significance of pigmented bacteria in drinking water.  Water Sc. Technol.  35:21-27.

Anderson, M.A., M.H. Stewart, M.V. Yates, and C.P. Gerba.  1998.  Modeling the impact of body-contact recreation on pathogen concentrations in a source drinking water reservoir.  Water Res. 32:3293-3306.

Abbaszadegan, M., A. Emami, R. Farid, and C. Gerba.  1998.  Occurrence of viruses and protozoan parasites in surface, ground and treated water in the city of Maghhad, Iran.  Med. J. Islamic Republic of Iran.  72:41-45.

Dowd, S.E., C.P. Gerba, and I.L. Pepper.  1999.  Methods for the detection of microsporidian water.  J. Microbiol Methods.  35:43-52.

Haas, C.N., A. Thayyar-Madabusi, J.B. Rose, and C.P. Gerba.  1999.  Development and validation of dose-response relationship for Listeria monocytogenes.  Quant. Microbiol.  1:89-102.

Chaidez, C., P. Rusin, J. Naranjo, and C.P. Gerba.  1999.  Microbiology of water vending machines.  Int’l J. Environ. Hlth.  9:197-206.

Governal, R.A., and C.P. Gerba.  1999.  Removal of MS-2 and PRD-1 bacteriophage from an ultrapure water system.  J. Industrial Microbiol. Biotechnology.  23:166-172.

Karpiscak, M.M., R.J. Freitas, C.P. Gerba, L.R. Sanchez, and E. Shamir.  1999.  Management of dairy waste in the Sonoran desert using constructed wetland technology.  Water Sci. Technol.  40:57-65.

Gerba, C.P., J.A. Thurston, J.A. Falabi, P.M. Watt, and M.M. Karpiscak.  1999.  Optimization of artificial wetland design for removal of indicator microorganisms and pathogenic protozoa.  Water Sci. Technol.  40:363-368.

Chaidez, C., A. Candil-Ruiz, and C.P. Gerba.  1999.  Microbiological survey of private water tanks in Culiacan, Mexico.  J. Environ. Sci. Hlth.  A34:1967-1978.

Abbaszadegan, M., P. Stewart, C. Gerba, and M. LeChevallier.  1999.  A strategy for detection of viruses in groundwater by PCR.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol.  65:444-449.

Gerba, C.P., and J.E. Naranjo.  2000.  Microbiological water purification without the use of chemical disinfection.  Wilderness Environ. Medicine. 11:12-16.

Dowd, S.E., C.P. Gerba, I.L. Pepper, and S.D. Pillai.  2000.  Bioaerosol transport and risk assessment in relation to the land placement of biosolids.  J. Environ. Quality.  29:343-348.

Chaidez, C., A. Candil-Ruiz, and C.P. Gerba.  2000.  Microbiological survey of private roof water tanks in Culiacan, Mexico.  J. Environ. Sci. Hlth. A34:1967-1978.

Blackmer, F., K.A. Reynolds, C.P. Gerba, and I.L. Pepper.  2000.  Use of integrated cell culture-PCR to evaluate the effectiveness of poliovirus inactivation by chlorine.  Appl. Environ. Microbiol.  66:2267-2268.

Chaidez, C., and C.P. Gerba.  2000.  Bacteriological analysis of cellulose sponges and loofahs in domestic kitchens from a developing country.  Dairy, Food, and Environ. Sanit.  20:834-837.

Haas, C.N., A. Thayyar-Madabusi, J.B. Rose, and C.P. Gerba.  2000.  Development of a dose-response relationship for Escherichia coli 0157:H7.  Int’l J. Food Microbiology 56:153-159.

Gerba, C.P.  2000.  Assessment of enteric pathogens shedding by bathers during recreational activity and its impact on water quality.  Quant. Microbiol. 2:55-68.

Rusin, P., and C.P. Gerba.  2001.  Association of chlorination and UV irrigation to increasing antibiotic resistance in bacteria.  Rev. Environ. Contamination Toxicology.  171:1-52.

Casonova, L.M., C.P. Gerba, and M. Karpiscak.  2001.  Chemical and Microbial Characterization of household graywater.  J. Environ. Sci. Hlth, Part A.  A36:395-401.

Quinonez-Diaz, M.J., M.M. Karpiscak, E.D. Ellman, and C.P. Gerba.  2001.  Removal of pathogenic and indicator microorganisms by a constructed wetland receiving untreated domestic wastewater.  J. Environ. Sci. Hlth.  36:1311-1320.

Thurston, J.A., C.P. Gerba, K.E. Foster, and M.M. Karpiscak.  2001.  Fate of indicator microorganisms and Giardia and Cryptosporidium in subsurface flow constructed wetlands.  Water Res. 35:1547-1551.

Enriquez, C., N. Neuachuku, and C.P. Gerba.  2001.  Direct exposure to animal enteric pathogens.  Rev. Environ. Hlth. 16:117-131.

Oron, G., R. Armon, R. Mandelbaum, Y. Manor, C. Campos, L. Gillerman, M. Salgot, C. Gerba, I. Klein, and C. Enriquez.  2001.  Secondary wastewater disposal for crop irrigation with minimal risks.  Water Sci. Technol. 43:139-146.

Casanova, L.M., V. Little, R.J. Frye, and C.P. Gerba.  2001.  A survey of the microbial quality of recycled household graywater.  J. Amer. Water Resources Assoc.  37: 1313-1319. 

C.P. Gerba.  2001.  Application of quantitative risk assessment for formulating hygiene policy in the domestic setting.  J. Infection 43, 92-98.

Watt, P.M., D.C. Johnson, and C.P. Gerba.  2002.  Improved method for concentration of Giardia, Cryptosporidium and poliovirus in water.  J. Environ. Sci. Hlth. A37:321-330

Gerba, C. P., I. L. Pepper and L. F. Whitehead. 2002. A risk assessment of emerging pathogens of concern in the land application of biosolids. Water Sci. Technol. 46:225-230.

Rusin, P., S. Maxwell and C. P. Gerba. 2002. Comparative surface-to-hand and finger-to-mounth transfer efficiency of gram positive, gram negative bacteria, and phage. J. Appl. Micobiol. 93:585-592.

Gerba, C. P., D. M. Gamos and N. Nwachuku. 2002. Comparative inactivation of enteroviruses and adenovirus 2 by UV light. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68:5167-5169

Hirotani, H., J. Naranj, P. G. Moroyoqui and C. P. Gerba 2002. Demonstration of indicator microorganisms on surface on the surface of vegetables on the market in the United States and Mexico. J. Food Sci. 67:1847-1850

Thurston-Enriquez, J. A., P. Watt, S. C. Scott, R. Enriquez, I. L. Pepper and C. P. Gerba. 2002. Deteection of protozoan parasites and microsporidia in irrigation waters used for crop production. J. Food Protection 65:378-382.

Falabi, J. A., C. P. Gerba and M. M. Karpiscak. 2002. Giardia and Cryptosporidium from waste-water by a duckweed (Lemna gibba L.) covered pond. Letters Appl. Microbiol. 34:384-387.

Stewart, M. H., M. V. Yates, M A. Anderson, C. P. Gerba, J. B. Rose, R. De Leon and R. L, Wolfe. 2002. Predicted public health consequences of body-contact recreation on a potable water reservoir. J Amer. Water Workss Assoc. 94(5): 84-97. 

Chaidez, C. and C. P. Gerba. 2002. Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas aeroginosa in drinking water from various sources: a risk assessment. Res. Adv. in Water Res. 3:111-124.

Bright, K. R. C. P. Gerba and P. A. Rusin. 2002. Rapid reduction of Staphylococcus aureus populations on stainless steel surfaces by zeolite ceramic coatings containing silver and zinc ions. J. Hospital Infect. 52:307-309.

John, D. E., N. Nwachuku, I. L. Pepper, and C. P. Gerba. 2003. Development and optimization of a quanitative cell culture infectivity assay for the microsporidium Encephalitozoon intestinalis and application to ultraviolet light inactivation. J. Microbiological Methods. 52:183-196.

Gerba, C. P., N. Nwachuku, and K. R. Riley. 2003. Disinfection resistance of waterborne pathogens on he United States Environmental Protection Agency’s contaminant Candidate List (CCL). J. Water Supply: Research and Techn..-Aqua. 52:81-94.

Thurston-Enriquez, J. A., C. N. Haas, J. Jacangelo, K. Riley, and C. P. Gerba. 2003. Inactivation of feline calicivirus and adenovirus type 40 by UV radiation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:577-582.

Gerba, C. P. , K. R. Riley, N. Nwachuku, H. Ryu, and M. Abbaszadegan. 2003. Removal of Encephalitozoon intestinalis, calicivirus, and coliphages by conventional drinking water treatment. J. Environ. Sci. and Hlth. A38:1259-1268

Abbaszadegan, M., M. LeChevallier, and C. P. Gerba. 2003. Occurrence of viruses in U.S. groundwaters. J. Amer. Water Works Assoc. 95:(9)107-120.

Mena, K. D., C. P. Gerba, C. N. Haas, and J. B. Rose. 2003. Risk assessment of waterborne coxsackievirus. J. Amer. Water Works Assoc. 95:(7)122-132.

Thurston-Enriquez,, J. A., C. N. Haas, J. Jacamgelo, and C. P. Gerba. 2003. Chlorine inactivation of adenovirus type 40 and feline calicivirus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:3979-3985.

Nokes, R. L., C. P. Gerba and M. M. Karpiscak. 2003. Microbial quality improvement by small scale on-site subsurface wetland treatment. J. Environ. Sci. Health.. A38:1849-1855.

Enriquez, C., A. Alum, E. M. Suarez-Ray, C. Y. Choi, G. Oron and C. P. Gerba. 2003. Bacteriophages MS2 and PRD1 in turf grass by subsurface drip irrigation. J. Environ. Engr. 129:852-857.

Rusin, P. A., S. L. Maxwell, J. P. Brooks, C. P. Gerba and I. L. Pepper. 2003. Evidence for the absence of Staphylococcus aureus in land applied biosolids. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:4027-4030.

Vidales, J. A., Gerba, C. P. and M. V. Karpiscak. 2003. Virus removal from wastewater in a multispecies subsurface-flow constructed wetland. Water Environ. Res. 75:238-245.

Gerba, C. P. and D. Kayed. 2003. Caliciviruses: a major cause of foodborne illness. J. Food Sci. 68:1136-1142.

Rusin, P, K. Bright and C. Gerba. 2003. Rapid reduction of Legionella pneumophila on stainless steel with zeolite coatings containing silver and zinc ions. Letters in Appl. Microbiol. 36:69-72.

Quanrud, D. M., S. M. Carroll, C. P. Gerba and R. G. Arnold. 2003. Virus removal during simulated soil-aquifer treatment. Water Res. 37:753-762.

Nwachuku, N. and C. P. Gerba. 2004. Health effects of Acanthamoeba spp. and its potential for waterborne transmission. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicology. 180:93-131.

Karim, M. R., F. D. Manshadi, M. M. Karpiscak, C. P. Gerba. 2004. The persistence and removal of enteric pathogens in constructed wetlands. Water Res. 38:1831-1837.

Brooks, J. P., C. P. Gerba and I. L. Pepper. 2004. Biological aerosol emission fate, and transport from municipal and animal wastes. J. Residuals Sci. Technol.1:16-28.

Tanner, B. J. and C. P. Gerba. 2004. Application of the Ct concept for determining the disinfection of microorganisms in water. J. Swimming Pool Spa Industry 5:8-14.

Chaidez, C. and C. P. Gerba. 2004. Comparison of the microviologic quality of point-of-use (POU)-treated water and tap water. Intl. J. Environ. Hlth. 14:253-260.

Pepper, I.  L., P. Rusin, D. R. Quintanar, C. Haney, K. L. Joesphson and C. P. Gerba. 2004. Tracking the concentration of hetertrophic plate count bacteria from the source to the consumer’s tap. Intl. J. Food Microbiol.  92:389-295.

Quanrud, D. M., K. Quast, O. Conroy, M. M. Karpiscak, C. P. Gerba, K. E. Lansey, W. P. Ela and R. G. Arnold. 2004. Estrogenic activity and volume fraction of waste water origin in monitoring wells along the Santa Cruz River, Arizona. Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation. 24:86-93.

Nwachuku, N. and C. P. Gerba. 2004. Microbial risk assessment: don’t forget the children. Curr. Opinion Microbiol. 7:1-4.

Nwachuku, N. and C. P. Gerba. 2004. Emerging waterborne pathogens: can we kill them all? Curr. Opinion Biotechnol. 15:175-180.

Pantoja, C. R., S. A. Navarro, J. Naranjo, D. V. Lightner and C. P. Gerba. 2004. Nonsusceptibility of primate cells to taura syndrome virus. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 10:2106-2112.

Choi, C., I. Song, S. Stine, J. Pimental and C. Gerba. 2004. Role of irrigation reuse:comparision of subsurface irrigation and furrow irrigation. Water Sci. Technol. 50:61-68.

Tanner, B. D., S. Kuwahara, C. P. Gerba and K. A. Reynolds. 2004. Evaluation of electrochemically generated ozone for the disinfection of water and wastewater. Water Sci. Technol. 50:19-25.

Brooks, J. P., B. D. Tanner, K. L. Joesphson, C. P. Gerba and I. L. Pepper. 2004. Bioaerosols from the land application of biosolids in the desert southwest USA. Water Sci. Technol. 50:7-12.

Reynolds, K. A., P. M. Watt, S. A. Boone and C. P. Gerba. 2005. Occurrence of bacteria and biochemical markers on public surfaces public surfaces. Intl. J. Environ. Hlth. Res. 15:225-234.

Song, I., C. Y. Choi, S. O’Shaughnessy and C. P. Gerba. 2005. Effects of temperature and moisture on coliphage PRD-1 survival in soil. J. Food Protect. 68:2118-2122.

Haas, C. N., J. R. Marie, J. B. Rose and C. P. Gerba. Assessment of benefits from use of antimicrobial hand products: reduction in risk from handling ground beef. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Hlth. 208:461-466.

Boone, S. A. and C. P. Gerba. 2005. The occurrence of influenza A virus on household and day care center fomites. J. Infect. 51:102-109.

Nwachuku, N. C. P. Gerba, A. Oswald and F. D. Mashadi. 2005. Comparative inactivation of adenovirus serotypes by UV light disinfection. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:5633-5636.

Thurston-Enriquez, J. A., C. N. Haas, J. Jacangelo and C. P. Gerba. 2005. Inactivation of enteric adenovirus and feline calicivirus by ozone. Water Res. 39:3650-3666.

Stine, S. W., I. Song, C. Y. Choi and C. P. Gerba. 2005. Application of microbial risk assessment to the development of standards for enteric pathogens in water used to irrigate fresh produce. J. Food Protect. 68:913-918.

Brusseau, M. L., J. K. Oleen, J. Santamaria, L. Cheng, P. Orosz-Coghlan, A. S. Chetochine, W. J. Blanford, P. Rykwalder and C. P. Gerba. 2005. Transport of microsporidium Encephalitozoon intestinales spores in sandy loam porous media. Water Res. 39:3636-3642.

John, D. E., C. N. Haas, N. Nwachuku and C. P. Gerba .2005. Chlorine and ozone disinfection of Encephalitozoon intestinalis spores. Water Res. 39:2369-2375.

Blanford, W. J., M. L. Brusseau, T. C. J. Yeh, C. P. Gerba and R. Harvey. 2005. Influence of water chemistry and travel distance on bacteriophage PRD-1 transport in a sandy aquifer. Water Res. 39:2345-2357.

Thurston-Enriquez, J. A., C. N. Haas, J. Jacangelo and C. P. Gerba. 2005. Inactivation of enteric adenovirus and feline calicivirus by chlorine dioxide. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:3100-3105.

Zaleski, K. J., K. L. Josephson, C. P. Gerba and I. L. Pepper. 2005. Potential regrowth and recolonization of salmonellae and indicators in biosolids and biosolid-amended soil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:3701-3708.

Brooks, J. P., B. D. Tanner, K. L. Josephson, C. P. Gerba, C. N. Haas and I. L. Pepper. 2005 A national study on the residential impact of biological aerosols from the land application of biosolids. J. Appl. Microbiol. 99:310-322.

Stine, S. W., I. Song, C. Y. Choi and C. P. Gerba. 2005. The effect of relative humidity on preharvest survival of bacterial and viral pathogens on the surface of cantaloupe, lettuce, and bell peepers. J. Food Protect. 68:1352-1358.

Gerba, C. P. and J. E. Smith. 2005. Sources of pathogenic microorganisms and their fate during land application of wastes. J. Environ. Qual. 34: 42-48.

Zaleski, K. J., K. L. Josephson, C. P. Gerba and I. L. Pepper. 2005. Survival, growth and regrowth of enteric indicator and pathogenic bacteria in biosolids, compost, soil, and land applied biosolids. J. Rediduals Sci. Technol. 2:49-63.

Orosz-Coghlan, P. A., P. A. Rusin, M. M. Karpiscak and C. P. Gerba. 2006. Microbial source tracking of Escherichia coli in a constructed wetland. Res. J. Water Environ. Assoc. 78:227-232.

Chetochine, A. S., M. L. Brusseau, C. P. Gerba and I. L. Pepper. 2006. Leaching of phage from class B biosolids and potential transport through soil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:665-671.

Brooks, J. P., B. D. Tanner, C. P. Gerba and I. L. Pepper. 2006. The measurement of aerosolized endotoxin from land application of class B biosolids in southeastern Arizona. Can. J. Microbiol. 52:150-156.

Song, I., S. W. Scott, C. Y. Choi and C. P. Gerba. 2006. Comparison of crop contamination by microorganisms during subsurface drip and furrow irrigation. J. Environ. Eng., 132:1243-1248.

Yepiz-Gomez, M. S., K. R. Bright and C. P. Gerba. 2006. Bacterial occurrence on tabletops and in dishcloths used to wipe down tabletops in public restaurants and bars. Food Protect. Trends, 26:24-30

Al-Hmoud, N., S. A. O’Shaughnessy, W. Sulleiman, C. P. Gerba and C. Y. Choi.2006. Disinfection of bacterial pathogens and indicators in biosolids in Jordan. J. Residuals Sci. Technol. 3:185-191.

Pepper, I. L., J. P. Brooks and C. P. Gerba. 2006. Pathogens in biosolids. Adv. Agronomy, 90:1-40.

Nwachuku, N. and C. P. Gerba. 2006. Health risks in children. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 186:1-56.

Vidales-Contreras, C. P. Gerba, M. M. Karpoiscark, K. Acuna-Askar and C. Chaidez-Quiroz. 2006. Transport of coliphage PRD1 in a surface flow constructed wetland. Water Environ. Res. 78:2253-2260.

Straub TM,  K. Höner zu Bentrup, P. O. Orosz-Coghlan, A. Dohnalkova,  B. K. Mayer, R. A. Bartholomew, C. O. Valdez, C. J. Bruckner-Lea, C. P. Gerba, M. Abbaszadgen and C. A. Nickerson. 2007. In vitro cell culture infectivity assay for human noroviruses. Emerg Infect Dis. 13:396-403.

Jones, E. L. A. Kramer, M. Gaither and C. P. Gerba. 2007. The role of fomite contamination during an outbreak of norovirus on houseboats. Intl. J. Environ. Hlth. 17:1-9. 

Del Campo, N. C., I. L. Pepper and C. P. Gerba. 2007. Assessment of Salmonella growth in class A biosolid mixtures. J. Resid. Sci Technol. 4:83-88.  

Boone, A. A. and C. P. Gerba. 2007. Significance of fomites in the spread of respiratory disease and enteric viral disease. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:1687-1696.

Brooks, J. P., P. A. Rusin, S. L. Maxwell, C. Rensing, C. P. Gerba and I. L. Pepper. 2007. Occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and endotoxin associated with land application of biosolids. Canad. J. Microbiol, in press.

Reynolds, K. A., K. D. Mena and C. P. Gerba 2007. Risk of water borne disease in the United States. Rev. Environ. Toxicol. Contamin., in press.

 

BOOK CHAPTERS

Gerba, C.P.  1972.  Microorganisms.  The Effects of the Discharge of Secondarily Treated Sewage Into The Everglades Ecosystems (N. Chitty and C.W. Davis, eds.), Sea Grant Special Bulletin, No. 6.  Sea Grant Information Services, University of Miami.

Gerba, C.P., M.D. Sobsey, C. Wallis, and J.L. Melnick.  1974.  Enhancement of poliovirus adsorption in wastewater onto act­ivated carbon.  Virus Survival in Water and Wastewater Systems, pp. 115-126, (J.F. Malina, Jr. and B.P. Sagik, eds.), Center for Research in Water Resources, Austin, TX.

Wallis, C., C.P. Gerba, and J.L. Melnick.  1976.  Photodynamic in­activation of viruses and bacteria in sewage effluents.  In: Viruses in Water, pp. 180-188 (G. Berg, H.L. Bodily, E.H. Lennette, J.L. Melnick and T.G. Metcalf, eds.).  American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.

Melnick, J.L., C.P. Gerba, C. Wallis, and M.F. Hobbs.  1977.  Photodynamic inactivation of virus in sewage.  In: Virus Aspects of Applying Municipal Wastes to Land, pp. 25-36, Center for Environmental Programs, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.

Melnick, J.L., C.P. Gerba, and S.M. Goyal.  1977.  Pathogens.  In: Process Design Manual for Land Treatment of Municipal Wastewater, Appendix D.  Environmental Protection Agency, Technology Transfer.

Lance, J.C., and C.P. Gerba.  1978.  Pretreatment requirements for land application of wastewater.  In: State of Knowledge in Land Treatment of Wastewater, Vol. 1, pp. 293-304 (H.L. McKim, ed.) U.S. Government Printing Office.  700-171/123.

Gerba, C.P., and S.M. Goyal.  1978.  Adsorption of selected enteroviruses to soils.  In:  State of Knowledge in Land Treatment of Wastewater, Vol. 2, pp. 225-232 (H.L. McKim, ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office.  700-171/123.

Gerba, C.P., E.M. Smith, G.E. Schaiberger, and T.D. Edmond.  1979.  Field evaluation of methods for the detection of enteric viruses in marine sediments.  In:  Methodology for Biomass Determinations and Microbial Activity in Sediments (C.D. Litchfield and P.L. Seyfied, eds.), pp. 64-67.

Gerba, C.P., S.M. Goyal, R.L. LaBelle, I. Cech, and G.F. Bogdan.  1980.  Indicator bacteria and the occurrence of enteroviruses in marine waters.  In:  Microbiology - 1980 (D. Schlessinger, ed.) pp. 380-381.  American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.

Gerba, C.P., S.M. Goyal, R.L. LaBelle, I. Cech, and G.F. Bogdon.  1980.  Indicator bacteria and the occurrence of viruses in marine waters.  In:  Aquatic Microbial Ecology (R.R. Colwell and J. Foster, eds.) pp. 348-355.  Sea Grant Program, University of Maryland.

Gerba, C.P., and J.C. Lance.  1980.  Pathogen removal from wastewater during ground water recharge.  In:  Wastewater Reuse for Groundwater Recharge (T. Asano and P.V. Roberts, eds.) pp. 137-144.  Office of Water Recycling, California State Water Resources Control Board.

Goyal, S.M., and C.P. Gerba.  1981.  Membrane filters in virology. In: Membrane Filtration Applications, Techniques and Problems (B. Dutka, ed.) pp. 219-251.  Marcel Dekker, NY.

Gerba, C.P., and B.H. Keswick.  1981.  Survival and transport of enteric viruses in groundwater.  In: Quality of Groundwater, (W. Van Duijvenbooden, P. Glasbergen and H. Van Leyveld, eds.) pp. 511-515.  Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Gerba, C.P., and S.M. Goyal.  1981.  Potential for groundwater contamination by algal endotoxins. In: The Water Environment: Algal Toxins and Health, (W.W. Carmichael, ed.) pp. 303-314.  Plenum Press, NY.

Gerba, C.P.  1981.  Virus survival in wastewater treatment.  In: Viruses and Wastewater Treatment (M.R. Goddard and M. Butler, eds.) pp. 39-48.  Pergamon Press, NY.

Janauer, G.E., C.P. Gerba, W.C. Ghiorse, M. Costello, and E.M. Heurich.  1981.  Insoluble polymeric contact disinfectants; an alternative approach to water disinfection.  In: Chemistry in Water Reuse.  (W.V. Cooper, ed.) pp. 501-522.  Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI.

Smith, E.M., and C.P. Gerba.  1982.  Laboratory methods for the growth and detection of animal viruses.  In:  Methods in Environmental Virology, (C.P. Gerba and S.M. Goyal, eds.) pp. 15-47, Marcel-Dekker, Inc., NY.

Goyal, S.M., and C.P. Gerba.  1982.  Concentration of viruses from water by membrane filters.  In: Methods in Environ­mental Virology. (C.P. Gerba and S.M. Goyal, eds.) pp. 59-116, Marcel-Dekker, Inc., NY.

Gerba, C.P.  1982.  Detection of viruses in soil and aquatic sediments.  In: Methods in Environmental Virology, (C.P. Gerba and S.M. Goyal, eds.) pp. 151-160, Marcel-Dekker, Inc., NY.

Lance, J.C., and C.P. Gerba.  1982.  Virus removal with land filtration.  In: Water Reuse (E.J. Middlebrooks, ed.) pp. 641-660.  Ann Arbor Sci. Pub., Ann Arbor, MI.

Gerba, C.P.  1983.  Methods for recovering viruses from the water environment.  In: Viral Pollution of the Environment. (G. Berg, ed.) pp. 19-35, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

Bitton, G., and C.P. Gerba.  1984.  Groundwater pollution microbiology:  the emerging issue.  In: Groundwater Pollution Microbiology.  (G. Bitton and C.P. Gerba, eds.) pp. 1-7, John Wiley and Sons, NY.

Gerba, C.P., and G. Bitton.  1984.  Microbial pollutants:  their survival and transport in groundwater.  In: Groundwater Pollution Microbiology.  (G. Bitton and C.P. Gerba, eds.)  pp. 65-88.  John Wiley and Sons, NY.

Gerba, C.P.  1984.  Microorganisms as ground water tracers.  In: Ground Water Pollution Microbiology.  (G. Bitton and C.P. Gerba, eds.), pp. 225-233.  John Wiley and Sons, N.Y.

Gerba, C.P.  1985.  Microbiological contamination of the sub­surface.  In: Groundwater Quality Research. (C.H. Ward, W. Giger, and P.L. McCarty, eds.) pp. 53-67.  John Wiley and Sons, NY.

Gerba, C.P., and S.M. Goyal.  1985.  Pathogen removal from wastewater during groundwater recharge.  In:  Artificial Re­charge of Groundwater.  (T. Asano, ed.) pp. 283-317, Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI.

Rose, J.B., and C.P. Gerba.  1986.  A review of viruses in treated drinking water.  Current Practices in Environmental Science and Engineering (A. Singh and U.S. Sharma, eds.)  2:119-141.

Gerba, C.P. 1987.  Transport and fate of viruses in soils: Field Studies.  In:  Human Viruses in Sediments, Sludges and Soils, (V.C. Rao, ed.) pp. 141-154, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

Gerba, C.P. 1987.  Recovering viruses from sewage, effluents and water.  In: Methods for Recovering Viruses from the En­vironment (G. Berg, ed.) pp. 1-23, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

Gerba, C.P.  1987.  Phages as indicators of fecal pollution.  In:  Phage Ecology, pp. 197-209.  (S.M. Goyal, G. Bitton, and C.P. Gerba, eds.) John Wiley and Sons, NY.

Gerba, C.P., and C.N. Hass.  1988.  Assessment of risks associated with enteric viruses in contaminated drinking water.  In: Chemical and Biological Characterization of Sludges, Sediments, Dredge and Drilling Muds.  (J.J. Lichtenberg, J.A. Winter, C.I. Weber, and L. Fradkin, eds.) pp. 489-494, American Society for Testing Materials, Washington, DC.

Gerba, C.P.  1988.  Methods for virus sampling and analysis of groundwater.  In:  Groundwater Contamination Field Methods, (A.G. Collins and A.I. Johnson, eds). American Society for Testing Materials, Washington, DC, pp. 343-348.

Margolin, A.B., K.J. Richardson, R. DeLeon, and C.P. Gerba.  1989.  Application of gene probes to the detection of enteroviruses in groundwater.  In: Biohazards in Drinking Water Treatment, (R.A. Larson, ed.) pp 265-270. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI.

Calabrese, E.J., J. Borzelleca, D. Brown, R. Bull, W.D. Burrows, A. Furst, C. Gerba, S. Schaub, E. Singley, V. Snoeyink, R. Tardiff, and R. Trussell.  1989.  Disinfection.  In: Health Effects of Drinking Water Treatment Technologies.  Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI.

Gerba, C.P., and J.B. Rose.  1990.  Viruses in source and drinking water.  In: Drinking Water Microbiology.  (G.A. McFeters, ed.) Science Tech., Inc., Madison, WI, pp. 380-396.

DeLeon, R., and C.P. Gerba.  1990.  Viral disease transmission by seafood.  In:  Food Contamination from Environmental Sources.  (J.O. Hriagu and M.S. Simmons, eds.) pp. 639-662, J.Wiley & Sons, Inc. NY.

Gerba, C.P., M.Y. Yates, and S.R. Yates.  1991.  Quantitation of factors controlling viral and microbial transport in the subsurface.  In:  Modeling the Environmental Fate of Microorganisms.  (C. Hurst, ed.) American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, pp. 77-88.

DeFlaun, M.F., and C.P. Gerba.  1993.  Monitoring rDNA microorganisms and viruses in soil.  In:  Soil Microbial Technologies.  (B. Metting, ed.) Marcel Dekker, N.Y., pp. 131-150.

Gerba, C.P., and J.B. Rose.  Estimating viral disease risk from drinking water. 1993.  In: The Quantitative Ranking of Environmental Problems According to Risk. (C. R. Cothern, ed.) Lewis Publishers, Ann Arbor, MI., pp. 117-135.

Powelson, D.K., and C.P. Gerba. 1995.  Fate and transport of microorganisms in the vadose zone, in Handbook of Vadose Zone Characterization and Monitoring (L.G. Wilson, L.G. Everett, and S.J. Cullen, eds.), pp. 123-135.

Gerba, C.P.  1996.  Pathogens in the environment.  In: Pollution Science.  I.L. Pepper, C.P. Gerba, and M.L. Brusseau, eds.  pp. 279-299.  John Wiley, NY

Gerba, C.P.   1996.  Municipal waste and drinking water treatment.  In: Pollution Science.  I.L. Pepper, C.P. Gerba, and M.L. Brusseau, eds. pp. 301-319.  John Wiley, NY.

Gerba. C.P.  1996.  Principles of Toxicology.  In: Pollution Science.  I.L. Pepper, C.P. Gerba, and M.L. Brusseau, eds.  pp. 323-344.  John Wiley, NY.

Gerba, C.P.  1996.  Risk Assessment.  In: Pollution Science.  I.L. Pepper, C.P. Gerba, and M.L. Brusseau, eds. pp. 345-364.  John Wiley, NY.

Gerba, C.P.  1996.  State and Federal Laws and Regulations.  In: Pollution Science.  I.L. Pepper, C.P. Gerba, and M.L. Brusseau, eds. pp. 365-369.  John Wiley, NY.

Pepper, I.L., C.P. Gerba, and M.L. Brusseau.  1996.  Pollution in the 21st Century.  In: Pollution Science.  I.L. Pepper, C.P. Gerba, and M.L. Brusseau. pp. 371-376.  John Wiley, NY.

Gerba, C.P.  1996.  Microbial pathogens in municipal solid waste. In: Microbiology of Solid Waste (A.C. Palmesano and M.A. Barley, eds), pp. 155-173.  CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

Pepper, I.L., T.M. Straub, and C.P. Gerba.  1996.  Detection of microorganisms in soils and sludges.  In: Environmental Applications of Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques (G.A. Torenzo, ed.), pp. 95-111, Technomic Publishers, NY.

Yates, M.Y., and C.P. Gerba.  1998.  Microbial considerations in wastewater reclamation and reuse.  In: Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse.  T. Asano, ed.  pp. 437-488.  Technomic, Lancester, PA.

Gerba, C.P.  2002.  Enteroviruses: basic biology and disease.  In: Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology, G. Bitton, ed. pp. 1146-1156. John Wiley, NY

Karim, M. R. and C. P. Gerba. 2002. Fate of viruses and protozoan parasites in aquatic sediments. In: Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology, G. Bitton, ed. pp. 1252-1256. John Wiley, NY.

Gerba, C. P. 2004. Risk assessment and environmental regulations. In: Environmental Monitoring and Remediation, J. Artiola, I. L. Pepper and M. Brusseau, eds. pp. 377-392. Academic Press, San Diego.

Gerba, C. P. and I. L. Pepper. 2004. Microbial contaminates. In: Environmental Monitoring and Remediation, J. Artiola, I. L. Pepper and M. Brusseau, eds. pp. 313-333. Academic Press, San Diego.

Gerba, C. P., C. Rensing and C. P. Gerba. 2004. Microbiological properties and processes. In: Environmental Monitoring and Remediation, J. Artiola, I. L. Pepper and M. Brusseau, eds. pp. 263-280. Academic Press, San Diego.

Mena, K. D., J. B. Rose and C. P. Gerba. 2004 Addressing microbial food safety issues quantitatively: a risk assessment approach. In: Preharvest and Postharvest Food Safety.  R. C. Beier, S. D. Pillai, T. D. Phillips and R. L. Ziprin., eds. Blackwell. Ames IA.

Gerba, C. P. 2005. Pathogens. In: Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences. M. G. Anderson, ed. Chapter 98, pp. 981-911 Wiley, NY.

Gerba, C. P. Survival of viruses in the marine environment. In: Oceans and Health: Pathogens in the Marine Environment. S. Belkin and R. Colwell, eds. pp. 133-141. Springer, NY.

Gerba, C. P. 2005. Enteric viruses in biosolids. Infectious Disease Agents in Sewage Sludge and Manure. J. E. Smith, P. D. Millner, W. Jakubowski, N. Goldstein and R. Rynk., eds. pp. 93-99. JG Press. Emmaus, PA.

Gerba, C. P. 2006. Food Virology: Past, Present and Future. In: Viruses in Foods. S. M. Goyal, Ed. pp. 1-4.
Springer, NY.

Gerba, C. P. and C. Y. Choi. 2006. Role of irrigation in crop contamination by viruses