Taxonomy
Monocots-
1. Typhaceae - commonly called the Cattail Family (aceae ending means
family). These are emergent, rhizomatons, found in fresh or brackish waters.
- Typha (genus) domingensis (species): This is the
species found in AZ.
- Typha latifolia
2. Potamogetonaceae - the Pondweed Family. This family is rooted and
submerged.
- Potamogeton: commonly known as Pondweeds; many species
are found.
- Ruppia: commonly known as Widgeon grass; found in fresh
or brackish waters.
- Zannichelia: commonly known as Horned Pondweed; found
in fresh or brackish waters.
- Zoestra: marine seagrass.
- Halodule: marine seagrass.
- Cymodocea: marine seagrass.
- Phyllospadix: marine seagrass.
3. Najadaceae - the Niad Family. This family is also rooted and submerged,
there is only one genus.
- Najas marina: commonly known as the spiny niad; found in brackish
waters. Typically known as a problem plant because it grows course and
very quickly.
4. Hydrocharitaceae - the Frogbit Family. This family is rooted and
submerged, and is found in fresh and marine waters.
- Anacharis densa: commonly known as Waterweed, also called Elodea.
A very common aquarium plant, considered a problem plant in freshwater
lakes.
- Halophila: found in marine habitats.
- Thalassia: commonly known as Turtlegrass ( also another
type of seagrass); found in marine habitats.
- Vallisneria: commonly known asWild Celery, a common food for
ducks and other water fowl; found in freshwater.
5. Graminaceae (Poaceae)- the Grass Family. Grasses can be identified
by the swollen base of each leaf where it meets the stem. This is called
a ligule. There are 22 genera, important ones are listed. Most of these
are emergent and rooted.
- Phragmites australis: commonly known as the Giant Reed, similar
to Arundo; found in freshwater.
- Paspalum: used as turf grass; found in fresh and brackish waters.
- Panicum: panicles.
- Zizania: wild rice.
- Spartina: commonly known as marsh cord grass; found in marine
habitats
- Distichlis: commonly known as Palmeris grass ( a type od saltgrass);
found in marine habitats.
- Monanthochloe: a tpye of salt-flat grass; found in marine habitats.
6. Cyperaceae - the Sedge Family. Sedges have a characteristic fruit
near the tip called an achene. They also have a small section of plant
above the fruit called an involucre. These plants are emergent and rooted.
- Scirpus olneyi: commonly known as Bulrush, with a triangular
stem; found in fresh or brackish waters.
- Scirpus validus: commonly known as Great Bulrush, with a round
stem; found in fresh or brackish waters.
- Carex: many sedge species; mostly found in temperate zones.
- Cyperus: commonly known as the umbrella plant with a bunch of
involucres at the top.
- Cladium: commonly known as the sawgrass of the everglades.
- Eleocharis: commonly known as spike rush.
7. Lemnaceae - the Duckweed Family. This family is free-floating, minute
and found in freshwater. There are other genera that are not listed here.
- Lemna major/minor: commonly known as the duckweed. Lemna
major is only slightly bigger than minor. This plant is used
in constructed wetlands because it grows like wild.
8. Araceae - the Arum Family. Arums are monocots, although some do not
appear to have parallel veins (this may be a modified leaf tip). These
plants are rooted and emergent.
- Peltandra: commonly known as elephant ear, it has large arrow
shaped leaves.
- Pistia: commonly known as water lettuce, it is a floating plant
that grows in clumps of huge leaves.
9. Pontederiaceae - the Pickerelweed Family. This family has both emergent
and floating plants.
- Eichornia crassipes: commonly known as Water Hyacinth.
- Pontederia: commonly known as Pickerelweed.
Dicots -
10. Ceratophyllaceae - the Hornwort Family. This family has no roots,
but is mostly submerged. The tips of this plant break off and settle to
the bottom of a lake at the end of the fall season. In spring, the tips
grow out into new plants. These plants get very dense and form mats on
the surface of the water.
- Ceratophyllum demersum: commonly known as hornwort; this is
the only genus, there is another species.