ANS 215

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS

FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

  1. NERVOUS SYSTEM
    1. Be able to distinguish between a nerve, nerve tract, ganglion, neuron and nucleus
    2. Be able to sketch and define a neuron
    3. Identify the 3 gross subdivisions of the brain
    4. Where are motor neurons located in the spinal cord?
    5. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is associated with fight or flight?
    6. Be able to describe the firing of a neuron
    7. Be able to define the final common pathway concept
    8. What are functions of the cerebrospinal fluid, where is it produced and where it is reabsorbed.
    9. Identify differences between inhibitory and excitory neurotransmitters
  2. Sensory Organs
    1. Identify the special senses
    2. Differentiate between phasic and tonic receptors
    3. Be able to describe function of taste buds, olfactory receptors and nociceptors
    4. Be able to identify structures in the eye and ear
  3. Muscular System
    1. What kind of nerves are associated with activity of smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscle?
    2. Be able to define differences between smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscle.
    3. What is a motor unit?
    4. Be able to describe contraction of skeletal muscle
    5. Know what the sarcotubuler system, myosin, actin, myofilaments and sarcomeres do.
  4. Respiration
    1. Know the basic anatomy of the respiratory system
    2. Know the mechanics of respiration
    3. Know the definitions of pulmonary volumes and capacities
    4. Be able to describe non-respiratory functions of the respiratory system
  5. Cardiovascular System
    1. Know the basic anatomy of the heart and vascular system
    2. Know the flow of blood through this system
    3. Know the basics of the lymphatic system
    4. Know the factors affecting heart rate.
    5. Be able to provide examples of capillary imbalance
  6. Kidneys
    1. Know the basic anatomy of the kidney and nephron
    2. Know the processes involved in the formation of urine
    3. Be able to define what the hormones ADH, Aldosterone, Angiotensin II and Parathyroid hormone do.
  7. Blood and its functions
    1. Know the components of a hematocrit
    2. Know the major classifications of leukocytes and their function.
    3. Know the metabolism of hemoglobin
    4. Know the stages and factors affecting clotting.
  8. Skeletal System
    1. Know the major skeletal divisions
    2. Know the basic structure of bone
    3. Know the major types of cartilage
    4. Know what a synovial joint is.

     

  9. Digestions
    1. Know the basic anatomy of the digestive system
    2. Know the physical processes involved in digestion
    3. Be able to provide examples of digestive enzyme and their function.
    4. Know the components of a dental formula
    5. Know the difference between accessory and proper foods.
  10. Metablism
    1. Know the routes of heat loss and what is required for them to work
    2. Know the physiological responses to heat and cold stress
    3. Know the factors influencing heat production
    4. Be able to provide examples of abnormal temperature and describe.

     

  11. Endocrine System
    1. Be able to define the types of endocrine secretions and their functions
    2. Know the basic structures of hormones
    3. Be able to identify the hormones of the anterior pituitary
    4. Be able to locate the major endocrine organs in the body.
    5. Be able to identify anatomy of the adrenal gland, thyroid gland and pancreas.
  12. Male Reproduction
    1. Know the anatomy of the male reproductive tract in domestic animals
    2. Be able to identify the stage of spermatogenesis
    3. Know the functions of the accessory glands and their locations
    4. Be able to identify the nerve fiberts that supply and testis and penis and control erection and ejaculation.

     

  13. Female Reproduction
    1. Be able to describe the hormonal control of ovarian function and parturition
    2. Be able to identify structures in the ovary and placenta.
    3. Be able to discuss the types of placents and the 3 layers of the bovine placenta.

 

  1. Lactation
    1. Be able to define the anatomy of the mammary gland
    2. Be able to define the major components of milk
    3. Be able to describe the milk ejection reflex.