ANS 215
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
- NERVOUS SYSTEM
- Be able to distinguish between a nerve, nerve tract, ganglion, neuron and nucleus
- Be able to sketch and define a neuron
- Identify the 3 gross subdivisions of the brain
- Where are motor neurons located in the spinal cord?
- Which division of the autonomic nervous system is associated with fight or flight?
- Be able to describe the firing of a neuron
- Be able to define the final common pathway concept
- What are functions of the cerebrospinal fluid, where is it produced and where it is reabsorbed.
- Identify differences between inhibitory and excitory neurotransmitters
- Sensory Organs
- Identify the special senses
- Differentiate between phasic and tonic receptors
- Be able to describe function of taste buds, olfactory receptors and nociceptors
- Be able to identify structures in the eye and ear
- Muscular System
- What kind of nerves are associated with activity of smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscle?
- Be able to define differences between smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscle.
- What is a motor unit?
- Be able to describe contraction of skeletal muscle
- Know what the sarcotubuler system, myosin, actin, myofilaments and sarcomeres do.
- Respiration
- Know the basic anatomy of the respiratory system
- Know the mechanics of respiration
- Know the definitions of pulmonary volumes and capacities
- Be able to describe non-respiratory functions of the respiratory system
- Cardiovascular System
- Know the basic anatomy of the heart and vascular system
- Know the flow of blood through this system
- Know the basics of the lymphatic system
- Know the factors affecting heart rate.
- Be able to provide examples of capillary imbalance
- Kidneys
- Know the basic anatomy of the kidney and nephron
- Know the processes involved in the formation of urine
- Be able to define what the hormones ADH, Aldosterone, Angiotensin II and Parathyroid hormone do.
- Blood and its functions
- Know the components of a hematocrit
- Know the major classifications of leukocytes and their function.
- Know the metabolism of hemoglobin
- Know the stages and factors affecting clotting.
- Skeletal System
- Know the major skeletal divisions
- Know the basic structure of bone
- Know the major types of cartilage
- Know what a synovial joint is.
- Digestions
- Know the basic anatomy of the digestive system
- Know the physical processes involved in digestion
- Be able to provide examples of digestive enzyme and their function.
- Know the components of a dental formula
- Know the difference between accessory and proper foods.
- Metablism
- Know the routes of heat loss and what is required for them to work
- Know the physiological responses to heat and cold stress
- Know the factors influencing heat production
- Be able to provide examples of abnormal temperature and describe.
- Endocrine System
- Be able to define the types of endocrine secretions and their functions
- Know the basic structures of hormones
- Be able to identify the hormones of the anterior pituitary
- Be able to locate the major endocrine organs in the body.
- Be able to identify anatomy of the adrenal gland, thyroid gland and pancreas.
- Male Reproduction
- Know the anatomy of the male reproductive tract in domestic animals
- Be able to identify the stage of spermatogenesis
- Know the functions of the accessory glands and their locations
- Be able to identify the nerve fiberts that supply and testis and penis and control erection and ejaculation.
- Female Reproduction
- Be able to describe the hormonal control of ovarian function and parturition
- Be able to identify structures in the ovary and placenta.
- Be able to discuss the types of placents and the 3 layers of the bovine placenta.
- Lactation
- Be able to define the anatomy of the mammary gland
- Be able to define the major components of milk
- Be able to describe the milk ejection reflex.