Nervous System Study
Guide
- What
is a nerve fiber?
- What
is a nerve?
- What
is a tract?
- What
is a nucleus
- What
is a ganglion
- Sketch
a neuron
- What
are the components of a synapse?
- What
are the characteristics of a synapse?
- How do
myelin sheaths of the CNS and PNS differ?
- What
is the difference between neurilemma and axolemma?
- At
what location does the axolemma have contact with extracellular fluid in
myelinated nerve fibers?
- What
are the three gross subdivisions of the brain?
- What
are the subdivisions of the brain stem?
- List
major characteristics of the cerebral hemispheres,cerebellum and brain
stem.
- Is the
hypothalamus a subdivision of the cerebrum,cerebellum or brain stem?
18 How are the spinal nerves
numbered in relation to the vertebrae?
19. What is the cauda equina?
20. Which root of a spinal nerve
does an afferent fiber travers? An efferent fiber?
21. What are the relative
locations of nerve cell bodies and tracts in the spinal cord?
22. Are motor neurons located
dorsally or ventrally in gray matter of the spinal cord?
23. What is a nerve plexus?
24. Are all spinal nerves mixed
nerves?
25. What tissues are innervated by
autonomic nerves
26. Which division of the
autonomics is associated with fight or flight?
27. Are all spinal nerves mixed
nerves?
Reflexes
- What
are the names of the neurons that may be involved with a reflex?
- Describe
the stretch reflex.
- What
is the purpose of the stretch reflex?
- Why is
the stretch reflex considered a postural reflex?
- Differentiate
between somatic and visceral reflexes.
- How are
visceral reflexes transmitted?
- List
functions of reflex centers located in the 1)medulla oblongata,
2)cerebellum
3) hypothalamus, and 4)midbrain.
- Describe
standing, attitudinal, and righting reflexes.
Nerve Impulse
- What
is the function of the Na+-K+ pump in the axolemma?
- What
is the approximate value of the resting membrane potential?
- What
is the polarity of a resting neuron membrane?
- What
accomplishes depolarization?
- What
accomplishes repolarization?
- What
is threshold?
- What
is an action potential?
- What
is a refractory period?
- What
is meant by a nerve fiber being “fired”.
- What
is the “all or none” principle for nerve fibers?
- Describe
the sequence of events associated with neurotransmission in mammals.
- How
does neurotransmission differ in myelinated fibers?
- What
are two functions of salutatory conduction?
- What
kind of nerve fiber has the fastest impulse transmission?
- What
is the purpose of a neurotransmitter?
- What
neurotransmitters are associated with the autonomic nervous system and
where are they located?
- What
is the nature of the central neurotransmitters
- Describe
the “final common pathway concept”.
- Differentiate
between the different types of neuron circuits.
- What
is the minimum number of neurons required for the transmission of a nerve
impulse from the periphery by way of the spinals nerves to the cerebral
cortex?
Meninges and
Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Visualize
the relative location of the meningeal layers to each other, to the skull
and brain, and to the vertebral canal and spinal cord.
- What
are the arachnoid villi extensions of and what do they extend into?
- What
is an epidural injection?
- Is
cerebrospinal fluid circulated within the epidural space?
- Which
meningeal layer forms the lining of the perivascular spaces and what is
its
Extent?
- What
fluid fills the perivascular space?
- Visualize
the location of the brain ventricles.
- What
structures within the ventricles produce cerebrospinal fluid?
- Describe
the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid.
- What
could cause the cerebrospinal fluid pressure to rise?
- What
are functions of cerebrospinal fluid?
- Are
blood cells present in cerebrospinal fluid?
Central Nervous
System Metabolism
- What
is the principal energy source for the CNS? How does it get into brain cells?
- What
percent of the body’s oxygen requirement is used by the CNS?
- What
is meant by the blood-brain barrier?
- What
cells transport substances between blood and brain tissue?
- Is
there a CSF-brain barrier?
- What
are some maximum limits of oxygen deprivation to the CNS before injury
occurs?