STUDY GUIDE
THE SENSORY ORGANS
ANS 215 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS
- Sensory Receptors and Their Functions
- What are the special senses?
- Are pain, cold heat, touch and pressure sensations known as special senses?
- To what group of sensory receptors do muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs belong?
- Differentiate between a phasic and a tonic receptor. Are muscle spindles phasic or tonic receptors?
- What is the name for receptors specific for pain?
- Can a receptor for cold or heat send an afferent impulse to the cerebral cortex to be recognized as pain?
- What are the most sensitive visceral structures that produce pain?
- What is a good example of referred pain in cattle?
- Taste
- What is the physiologic name for taste?
- What is a function of taste in animals?
- Where are most of the taste buds located?
- Study the location of taste buds relative to papillae and the glands of von Ebner?
- To stimulate taste hairs, what part of a taste bud must dissolved substances enter?
- How are taste substances classified in animals?
- At what temperature does water rejection occur for poultry?
- What is meant by depraved appetite in animals?
- Smell
- What is the physiologic name for smell?
- Where are the nerve cell bodies for smell located?
- Why do dogs have a better sense of smell than humans?
- Differentiate between anosmatic, microsmatic and macrosmatic.
- What is the function of the glands of Bowman secretion?
- What is the function of alfactory epithelial basal cells?
- Can more than one odor be perceived at one time?
- What is meant by adaptation to smell?
- What are pheromones?
- What are some functions of animal pheromones?
- Hearing and Equilibrium
- Be able to follow the motion initiated by a sound wave from the tympanic membrane through the cochlear window (round window).
- What is the function of the two striated muscles located in the middle ear?
- What reflex is inherent to the function of the middle ear muscles?
- What are the respective functions of the vestibular and cochlear portions of the inner ear?
- Why is the cochlea coiled?
- Differentiate between membranous labyrinth and osseous labyrinth and their respective fluids.
- How are the cristae (located in the semicircular canals) stimulated?
- How are the macula receptors stimulated?
- What are the divisions of the cochlea brought about by extension of the membranous labyrinth into the cochlea?
- What cochlear division contains the organ of Corti?
- Summarize sound reception (which relates to question a on this list).
- Vision
- Identify the parts of the external eye.
- Identify the basic structures of the eyeball.
- What is the normal arrangement of the corneal stroma?
- Does the cornea have a blood supply?
- Are there nerve fibers in the cornea?
- How is accommodation accomplished by the lens of the eye?
- What is the extent of accommodation among domestic animals?
- How is the size of the pupil changed?
- Are pupil shapes the same among all animals?
- What would be the impact of a centrally located optic disk and a constricted circular pupil?
- Review the production, location, circulation, function, and drainage of aqueous humor.
- What visual chemical begins to decompose when excited by light and stimulates retinal rod cells?
- What is the tapetum and how does it provide for better vision in reduced light?
- What is meant by field of vision? Binocular vision? Monocular vision?
- Describe the conjunctive.
- If the nasolacrimal duct were plugged, explain the reason for a horses wet face.
- What is "cherry eye" in the dog?