Tom Doerge. Soils Specialist, Department of Soil and Water Science. Ph.D., Oregon State University. Development, validation and improvement of nitrogen and water management practices designed to reduce leaching losses of nitrate below the root zone of irrigated croplands, thereby minimizing degradation of groundwater quality.

The appropriate use of nitrogen fertilizers greatly increases agricultural productivity and lowers the unit cost of farm commodities. However, overuse can degrade the environment if nitrate contaminated waters from farm lands migrate into streams or aquifers. I am coordinating a research and demonstration program designed to develop, validate, and disseminate state-of-the art Best Management Practices (BMPs) for nitrogen fertilizer use, which will enable Arizona growers to produce crops with maximum profitability, while also safeguarding water resources from nitrate contamination. 15N materials and other tracers are used to document the fate of nitrogen in irrigated cotton and wheat cropping systems receiving deficient, optimum and excessive levels of fertilization.

Additional research involves the development of BMP's for high-value crops such as broccoli, cauliflower, leaf lettuce, greens and spinach. In this research, deficient, optimum and excessive amounts of nitrogen are applied to commercially important cultivars, using a drip irrigation system to document the response of these crops to different nitrogen supplies, and then develop suitable diagnostic plant tissue test procedures to monitor crop nitrogen status throughout the growing season. In addition, this information will then ben incorporated into a computerized decision aid which can monitor the fertilizer needs of all major crops grown in Arizona, using detailed crop growth models and plant tissue analysis techniques.

I have completed a reference book on current BMP techniques which will serve as the basis for the state's newly mandated continuing educational program for agricultural use of nitrogen fertilizers. This book is also a model for similar reference materials on other regulated activities, such as confined animal feeding.

Knowles, T.C., Doerge, T.A., and M.J. Ottman. 1991. Improved nitrogen management in irrigated durum wheat using stem nitrate analysis: I. Nitrate uptake dynamics. Agron. J. 83:346-352.

Knowles, T.C., Doerge, T.A., and M.J. Ottman. 1991. Improved nitrogen management in irrigated durum wheat using stem nitrate analysis: II. Interpretation of nitrate-nitrogen concentrations. Agron. J. 83:353-356.

Doerge, T.A., Roth, R.L., and B.R. Gardner. 1991. Nitrogen fertilizer management in Arizona. Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture, The University of Arizona Report No. 191025. 87 pages.

Silvertooth, J.C., J.E. Watson, J.E. Malcuit and T.A. Doerge. 1992. Bromide and nitrate movement in an irrigated cotton production system. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 56:548-555.

Pier, J.W. and T.A. Doerge. Nitrogen and water interactions in trickle irrigated watermelons. 1995. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 59:145-150.

Pier, J.W. and T.A. Doerge. Optimizing water and nitrogen inputs for trickle irrigated watermelon. 1995. J. of Environ. Qual. 24:79-86.

Pritchard, K.H., T.A. Doerge and T.L. Thompson. Evaluation of in-season nitrogen tissue tests for drip irrigated leaf and romaine lettuce. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 26:237-258.

Thompson, T.L. and T.A. Doerge. 1996. Nitrogen and water interactions in subsurface trickle-irrigated leaf lettuce: I. Plant response. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 60:000-000.

Thompson, T.L. and T.A. Doerge. 1996. Nitrogen and water interactions in subsurface trickle-irrigated leaf lettuce: II. Agronomic, economic and environmental outcomes. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 60:000-000.