 |
|
|
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
 |
|
|
|
|
Page 3: Alphabetical List |
Page 3: Proliferation of Woody Plants in Grasslands and
Savannas a Bibliography
Alphabetical List - References by Author
References
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Abbott, B.N., Grice, A.C. Bastin, G.N. 1999. Low-level aerial photography
can detect infestations of the invasive woody vine Cryptostegia
grandiflorain northern Australia, pp. 602-603 In: People and Rangelands:
Building the Future (Eldbridge, D. & Freudenberger, D., eds.). Proceedings,
VI International Rangeland Congress, Vol. 2., Townsville, Australia.
Abrams, M. D. 1986. Historical
development of gallery forests in northeast Kansas. Vegetatio
65:29-37.
Acocks, J. P. H. 1964. Karroo vegetation in relation to the development
of deserts. Pages 100-112 in D. H. S. Davis, ed. Ecological studies
of southern Africa. Dr. Junk Publishers, The Hague.
Adamoli, J., E. Sennhauser, J. M. Acero, and A. Rescia. 1990. Stress
and disturbance: vegetation dynamics in the dry Chaco region of
Argentina. Journal of Biogeography 17:491-500.
Ambrose, S. H. and N. E. Sikes. 1991. Soil
carbon isotope evidence for Holocene habitat change in the Kenya
Rift Valley. Science 253:1402-1405.
Anderson, J. E., and K. E. Holte. 1981. Vegetation
development over 25 years without grazing on sagebrush-dominated
rangeland in southeastern Idaho. Journal of Range Management
31:25-29.
Ansley, J. A., W. E. Pinchak, and D. N. Ueckert. 1995. Changes
in redberry juniper distribution in northwest Texas (1948-1982).
Rangelands 17:49-53.
Ansley, R.J., X.B. Wu and B.A. Kramp. 2001. Observation:
Long-term increases in mesquite canopy cover in North Texas.
Journal of Range Management 54:171-176.
Archer, S., C. J. Scifres, C. R. Bassham, and R. Maggio. 1988. Autogenic
succession in a subtropical savanna: conversion of grassland to
thorn woodland. Ecological Monographs 58:111-127.
Archer, S. 1989. Have southern
Texas savannas been converted to woodlands in recent history?
American Naturalist 134:545-561.
Archer, S. 1994. Woody plant encroachment into southwestern grasslands
and savannas: rates, patterns and proximate causes. Pages 13-68
in M. Vavra, W. Laycock and R. Pieper, eds. Ecological implications
of livestock herbivory in the West. Society for Range Management,
Denver, CO, USA.
Archer, S. 1995. Tree-grass
dynamics in a Prosopis-thornscrub savanna parkland: reconstructing
the past and predicting the future. Ecoscience 2:83-99.
Archer, S., and C. J. Stokes. 2000. Stress, disturbance and change
in rangeland ecosystems, pp. 17-38. In: Rangeland Desertification
(O Arnalds and S Archer, eds). Advances in Vegetation Science Vol.
19, Kluwer Publishing Company.
Archer, S., D. S. Schimel, and E. A. Holland. 1995. Mechanisms of
shrubland expansion: land use, climate or CO2? Climatic Change 29:91-99.
Archer, S., T.W. Boutton, and K. A. Hibbard. 2000. Trees
in grasslands: biogeochemical consequences of woody plant expansion.
Pages in press in E.-D. Schulze, S. Harrison, M. Heimann, E. Holland,
J. Lloyd, I. Prentice and D. Schimel, eds. Global biogeochemical
cycles in the climate system. Academic Press, San Diego.
Archibold, O. W. and M. R. Wilson. 1980. The
natural vegetation of Saskatchewan prior to agricultural settlement.
Canadian Journal of Botany 58:2031-2042.
Arianoutsou-Faraggitaki, M. 1985. Desertification
by overgrazing in Greece: the case of Lesvos island. Journal
of Arid Environments 9:237-242.
Arno, S. F. and G. E. Gruell. 1986. Douglas
fir encroachment into mountain grasslands in southwestern Montana.
Journal of Range Management 39:272-276.
Arno, S. F., M. G. Harrington, C. E. Fiedler, and C. E. Carlson.
1995. Restoring fire-dependent ponderosa pine forests in western
Montana. Restoration and Management Notes 13:32-36.
Arnold, J. F. 1950. Changes in ponderosa pine bunchgrass ranges
in northern Arizona resulting from pine regeneration and grazing.
Journal of Forestry 48:118-126.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bachelet, D., R.P. Neilson, J.M. Lenihan, and R.J. Drapek. 2001.
Climate change effects
on vegetation distribution and carbon budget in the United States.
Ecosystems 4:164-185.
Backéus, I. 1992. Distribution
and vegetation dynamics of humid savannas in Africa and Asia.
Journal of Vegetation Science 3:345-356.
Bahre, C. J. 1991. A legacy of change: historic human impact on
vegetation of the Arizona borderlands. Univ. Arozna Press, Tucson.
Bahre, C. J. and M. L. Shelton. 1993. Historic
vegetation change, mesquite increases, and climate in southeastern
Arizona. Journal of Biogeography 20:489-504.
Baker, W. L. and P. J. Weisberg. 1997. Using
GIS to model tree population parameters in the Rocky Mountain National
Park forest-tundra ecotone. Journal of Biogeography 24:513-526.
Barker, P.J. and C.A. Booth. 1980. A Report on inedible shrub invasion
in the north-west corner of N.S.W. Soil Conservation Service, New
South Wales Western Area Technical Bulletin 16.
Barton, A. M. and M. D. Wallenstein. 1997. Effects
of invasion of Pinus virginiana on soil properties in serpentine
barrens in southeastern Pennsylvania. Journal of the Torrey
Botanical Society 124:297-305.
Batianoff, G.N. and W.H. Burrows. 1973. Studies
in the dynamics and control of woody weeds in semi-arid Queensland.
2. Cassia nemophilia and C. artemisioides. Queensland
Journal of Articultural and Animal Science.
Beeston, G.R. and A.A. Webb. 1977. The ecology and control of Eremophila
mitchellii. Technical Bulletin No. 2. Department of Primary
Industries, Brisbane.
Beilmann, A. P. and L. G. Brenner. 1951. The
recent intrusion of forest in the Ozarks. Annals of the Missouri
Botanical Garden 38:261-282.
Bellingham, P. J. 1998. Shrub
succession and invasibility in a New Zealand montane grassland.
Australian Journal of Ecology 23:562-573.
Ben-Shaher, R. 1991. Successional
patterns of woody plants in catchment areas in a semi-arid region.
Vegetatio 93:19-27.
Berlow, E.L., C.M. D'Antonio, and S.A. Reynolds. 2002. Shrub
expansion in montane meadows: the interaction of local-scale disturbance
and site aridity. Ecological Applications 12:1103-1118.
Betancourt, J. L. 1996. Long- and short-term climate influences
on southwestern shrublands, Pages 5-9 in J. R. Barrow, E. D. McArthur,
R. E. Sosebee and R. J. Tausch, eds. Proceedings, Shrubland ecosystem
dynamics in a changing environment, Intermountain Research Station,
Las Cruces, NM.
Bews, J. W. 1917. Plant succession in the thorn veld. South African
Journal of Science 4:153-172.
Bidwell, T.G., D.M. Engle, M.E. Moseley, and R.E. Masters. 2000.
Invasion of Oklahoma rangelands and forests by eastern redcedar
and ashe juniper. Oklahoma State University, Coop. Ext. Serv., Stillwater.
Circular E-947.
Binggeli, P. 1996. A taxonomic,
biogeographical and ecological overview of invasive woody plants.
Journal of Vegetation Science 7:121-124.
Binnington, K. 1997. Australian Forest Profiles 6. White Cypress
Pine. National Forest Inventory-BRS, Canberra.
Blackburn, W. H. and P. T. Tueller. 1970. Pinyon
and juniper invasion in black sagebrush communities in east-central
Nevada. Ecology 51:841-848.
Bock, C. E. and J. H. Bock. 1997. Shrub
densities in relation to fire, livestock grazing, and precipitation
in an Arizona desert grassland. Southwestern Naturalist 42:188-193.
Bock, J. H. and C. E. Bock. 1984. Effect
of fires on woody vegetation in the pine-grassland ecotone of the
southern Black Hills. American Midland Naturalist 112:35-42.
Bogusch, E. R. 1952. Brush
invasion of the Rio Grande Plains of Texas. Texas Journal of
Science 4:85-91.
Bond, B.J. 2000. Age-related
changes in photosynthesis of woody plants. Trends in Plant Science
5(8):349-353.
Bond, W. J., W. D. Stock, and M. T. Hoffman. 1994. Has
the Karoo spread? A test for desertification using carbon isotopes
from soils. South African Journal of Science 90:391-397.
Bond, WJ, and GF Midgley. 2000. A
proposed CO2-controlled mechanism of woody plant invasion in grasslands
and savannas. Global Change Biology 6:865-869.
Booth, C.A. 1986. The effect
of microtopography and woolybutt (Eragrostis eriopoda) competition
on the survival of hopbush (Dodonaea attenuata) seedlings.
Pages 32-33 in P.J. Joss, P.W. Lynch and O.B. Williams, eds. Proceedings,
2nd International Rangeland Congress, Adelaide, Australian Academy
of Science, Canberra/Cambridge University Press, Melbourne.
Booth, C.A. and P.J. Barker. 1979. Inedible
shrub regeneration in the northwest corner of New South Wales.
Soil Conservation Service of New South Wales Research Bulletin 13.
Booth, C. A. and P. J. Barker. 1981. Shrub invasion on sandplain
country west of Wanaaring, New South Wales. Soil Conservation Service
of New South Wales 37:65-70.
Booth, C.A., G.W. King, and F. Sanchez-Bayo. 1996a. Establishment
of woody weeds in western New South Wales. 1. Seedling emergence
and phenology. Rangeland Journal 18: 58-79.
Booth, C.A., F. Sanchez-Bayo, and G.W. King. 1996b. Establishment
of woody weeds in western New South Wales. 2. Growth and competition
potential. Rangeland Journal 18: 80-98.
Bosch, O.J.H. 1989. Degradation of the semi-arid grasslands of southern
Africa. Journal of Arid Environments 16:165-175.
Bossard, C. C. 1991. The
role of habitat disturbance, seed predation and ant dispersal on
establishment of the exotic shrub Cytisus scoparius in
California. American Midland Naturalist 126:1-13
Bossard, C. C. and M. Rejmanek. 1994. Herbivory,
growth, seed production, and resprouting of an exotic invasive shrub.
Biological Conservation 67:193-200.
Boutton, T. W., S. R. Archer, A. J. Midwood, S. F. Zitzer, and R.
Bol. 1998. 13C values of soil organic carbon and their use in documenting
vegetation change in a subtropical savanna ecosystem. Geoderma 82:5-41.
Bowman, D.M.J.S., Panton, W.J. & McDonough, L. 1990. Dynamics
of forest clumps on chenier plains, Cobourg Peninsula, Northern
Territory. Australian Journal of Botany, 38: 593-601.
Bowman, D. M. J. S. and W. J. Panton. 1995. Munmarlary revisited:
Response of a north Australian Eucalyptus tetrodonta savanna protected
from fire for 20 years. Australian Journal of Ecology 20:526-531.
Bowman, D.M.J.S, A. Walsh & D.J. Milne. 2001. Forest
expansion and grassland contraction within a Eucalyptus savanna
matrix between 1941 and 1994 at Litchfield National Park in the
Australian monsoon tropics. Global Ecology & Biogeography, 10:
535-548.
Bragg, T. B. and L. C. Hulbert. 1976. Woody
plant invasion of unburned Kansas bluestem prairie. Journal
of Range Management 29:19-24.
Branscomb, B. L. 1958. Shrub
invasion of a southern New Mexico desert grassland range. Journal
of Range Management 11:129-132.
Bray, W. L. 1901. The ecological
relations of the vegetation of western Texas. Botanical Gazette
32:99-123:195-217; 262-291.
Bren, L. J. 1992. Tree invasion
of an intermittent wetland in relation to changes in the flooding
frequency of the Murray River, Australia. Australian Journal
of Ecology 17:395-408.
Brener, A. G. F. and J. F. Silva. 1995. Leaf-cutting ants and forest
groves in a tropical parkland savanna of Venezuela - facilitated
succession. Journal of Tropical Ecology 11:651-669.
Briggs, J. M. and D. G. Gibson. 1992. Effects
of burning on tree spatial patterns in a tallgrass prairie landscape.
Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club 119:300-307.
Brotherson, J. D., Carman, J. G. & Szyska, L. A. 1984. Stem-diameter
age relationships of Tamarix ramosissima in central Utah. Journal
of Range Management 37: 362-364.
Brown, A. L. 1950. Shrub
invasions of southern Arizona desert grasslands. Journal of
Range Management 3:172-177.
Brown, D. 1995. The impact
of species introduced to control tree invasion on the vegetation
of an electrical utility right-of-way. Canadian Journal of Botany
73:1217-1228.
Brown, J. H., T. J. Valone, and C. G. Curtin. 1997. Reorganization
of an arid ecosystem in response to recent climate change. Proceedings
National Academy of Science 94:9729-9733.
Brown, J. R. and S. Archer. 1989. Woody
plant invasion of grasslands: establishment of honey mesquite (Prosopis
glandulosa var. glandulosa) on sites differing in herbaceous biomass
and grazing history. Oecologia 80:19-26.
Brown, J. R. and J. Carter. 1998. Spatial and temporal patterns
of exotic shrub invasion in an Australian tropical grassland. Landscape
Ecology 13:93-103.
Bruce, K., G. Cameron, and P. Harcombe. 1995. Initiation
of a new woodland type on the Texas coastal prairie by the chinese
tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum (l) Roxb). Bulletin of the Torrey
Botanical Club 122:215-225.
Bücher, E. H. 1982. Chaco and Caatinga-South American arid
savannas, woodlands, and thickets. Pages 48-79 in B. J. Huntley
and B. H. Walker, eds. Ecology of Tropical Savannas. Springer-Verlag,
New York.
Bücher, E. H. 1987. Herbivory
in arid and semi-arid regions of Argentina. Revista Chilena
de Historia Natural 60:265-273.
Buffington, L. D. and C. H. Herbel. 1965. Vegetational changes on
a semidesert grassland range from 1958 to 1963. Ecological Monographs
35:139-164.
Burkhardt, J. and E. W. Tisdale. 1976. Causes
of juniper invasion in southwestern Idaho. Ecology 57:472-484.
Burrows, W.H. 1972. Productivity of an arid zone shrub (Eremophila
gilesii) community in southwestern Queensland. Australian Journal
of Botany 20: 317-29.
Burrows, W.H. 1973a. Regeneration and spatila patterns of Acacia
aneura in South West Queensland. Tropical Grasslands 7:57-68.
Burrows, W.H. 1973b. Studies
in the dynamics and control of woody weeds in semi-arid Queensland.
1. Eremophilia gilesii. Queensland Journal of Agricultutral
and Animal Sciences 30: 57-64.
Burrows, W.H. 1974. Trees and shrubs in mulga lands. Queensland
Agricultural Journal 100: 322-330.
Burrows, W.H. 1996. Queensland's grazed woodlands-an enormous anthropogenic
carbon sink demanding recognition. Technical Report 'Vegetation
Thickening' Workshop, DEST International Panel Review, Canberra.
Burrows, W.H. 1999a. Carbon sequestration in forests and woodlands
(savannas). Pages 65-79 in Practical Rangeland Ecology Professional
Workshop (D.M. Orr, ed.), Proceedings, VIth International Rangelands
Conference, Townsville, QLD Australia.
Burrows, W.H. 1999b. Tree clearing: rehabilitation or development
on grazing land? Pages 24-41 in Practical Rangeland Ecology Professional
Workshop (D.M. Orr, ed.), Proceedings, VIth International Rangelands
Conference, Townsville, QLD Australia.
Burrows, W.H., I.F. Beale, R.G. Silcock, and A.J. Pressland. 1985.
Prediction of tree and shrub population changes in a semi-arid woodland.
Pages 207-211 in J.C. Tothill and J.J. Mott, eds. Ecology and management
of the World's savannas. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra.
Burrows, W.H., J.O. Carter, E.R. Anderson, and M.P. Bolton. 1986.
Prickly acacia (Acacia nilotica) invasion of Mitchell grass
(Astrebla spp.) plains in central and northern Queensland.
Pages 104-106 in Proceedings, 4th Bienn. Conference, Australian
Rangeland Society, Armidale.
Burrows, W.H., J.O. Carter, J.C. Scanlan, and E.R. Anderson. 1990.
Management of savannas for livestock production in north-east Australia:
contrasts across the tree-grass continuum. Journal of Biogeography
17: 503-512.
Burrows, W. H., J. O. Carter, J. C. Scanlan, and E. R. Anderson.
1990. Management of savannas
for livestock production in north-east Australia: contrasts across
the tree-grass continuum. Journal of Biogeography 17: 503-512.
Burrows, W. H., J. F. Compton, and M. B. Hoffmann. 1998. Vegetation
thickening and carbon sinks in the grazed woodlands of north-east
Australia, Pages 305-316 in Proceedings, Australian Forest Growers
Conference, Lismore.
Burrows, W.H., B.K. Henry, , P.V. Back, M.B. Hoffman, L.J. Tait,
E.R. Anderson, N. Menke, T. Danaher, J.O. Carter, and G.M. McKeon.
2002. Growth and carbon
stock change in eucalypt woodlands in northeast Australia: ecological
and greenhouse sink implications. Global Change Biology 8: 769-784.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cabral, A.C., J.M. de Miguel, A.J. Rescia, M.F. Schmitz, and F.D.
Pineda. 2003. Shrub
encroachment in Argentinean savannas. Journal of Vegetation
Science 14(2): 145-152.
Callaway, R. M. and F. W. Davis. 1993. Vegetation
dynamics, fire, and the physical environment in coastal Central
California. Ecology 74:1567-1578.
Carmel, Y., and R. Kadmon. 1999. Effects
of grazing and topography on long-term vegetation changes in a Mediterranean
ecosystem in Isreal. Plant Ecology 145: 243254.
Caspersen, J.P., S.W. Pacala, J.C. Jenkins, G.C. Hurtt, P.R. Moorcroft
and R.A. Birdsey. 2000. Contributions
of land-use history to carbon accumulation in US forests. Science
290:1148-1151.
Chapman, S.J., C.D. Campbell, and G. Puri. 2003. Native
woodland expansion: soil chemical and microbiological indicators
of change. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 35: 753-764.
Chew, R. M. 1982. Changes
in herbaceous and suffrutescent perennials in grazed and ungrazed
desertified grassland in southeastern Arizona, 1958-1978. American
Midland Naturalist 108:159-169.
Chew, R. M. and A. E. Chew. 1965. The primary productivity of a
desert shrub (Larrea tridentata) community. Ecological Monographs
35:355-375.
Chirara, C. 2001. Tree invasionin a semi-arid sav anna in Zimbabwe:
seedling recruitment of Acacia karroo. PhD Dissertation, Universiteit
Utrecht, The Netherlands/Institute of Environmental Studies, University
of Zimabwe.
Commission, R. 1901. Royal Commission to Inquire into the Conditions
of Crown Tenants-Western Division of NSW. Government Printer, Sydney.
Condon, R.W. 1986. Shrub
invasion on semi-arid grazing lands in western N.S.W.: causes and
effects. Pages 40 in P.J. Joss, P.W. Lynch and O.B. Williams,
eds. Proceedings, 2nd International Rangeland Congress, Adelaide.
Australian Academy of Science, Melbourne, Canberra/Cambridge University
Press.
Connin, S. L., R. A. Virginia, and C. P. Chamberlain. 1997. Carbon
isotopes reveal soil organic matter dynamics following arid land
shrub expansion. Oecologia 110:374-386.
Cook, G. D., S. A. Setterfield, and J. P. Maddison. 1996. Shrub
invasion of a tropical wetland: implications for weed management.
Ecological Applications 6:531-537.
Cooper, C. F. 1960. Changes in vegetation, structure, growth of
southwestern pine forests since white settlement. Ecological Monographs
30:129-164.
Coppedge, B. R., and J. H. Shaw. 1997. Effects
of horning and rubbing behavior by bison (Bison bison) on woody
vegetation in a tallgrass prairie landscape. American Midland
Naturalist 138:189-196.
Covington, W. W. and M. M. Moore. 1994a. Post-settlement
changes in natural fire regimes and forest structure: ecological
restoration of old-growth ponderosa pine forests. Journal of
Sustainable Forestry 2:153-181.
Covington, W. W. and M. M. Moore. 1994b. Southwestern ponderosa
forest structure: changes since Euro-American settlement. Journal
of Forestry 92:39-47.
Crowley, G.M. and S.T. Garnett. 1998. Vegetation change in the grasslands
and grassy woodlands of east-central Cape York Peninsula, Australia.
Pacific Conservation Biology 4: 132-148.
Cunningham, G. M. and P. J. Walker. 1973. Growth and survival of
mulga (Acacia aneura F. Muell. ex Benth) in western New South Wales.
Tropical Grasslands 7:69-77.
Cunningham, R.B., A.A.Webb, and A. Mortlock. 1981. Changes in the
distribution of popular box (Eucalyptus populnea) on major soil
groups: an application of the log-linear model. Australian Rangeland
Journal 3:33-38.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Daly, C., D. Bachelet, J. Lenihan, R. Neilson, W. Parton, and D.
Ojima. 2000. Dynamic
simulation of tree-grass interactions for global change studies.
Ecological Applications 10:449-469.
de Camargo, P. B., S. E. Trumbore, L. A. Martinelli, E. A. Davidson,
D. C. Nepstad, and R. L. Victoria. 1999. Soil
carbon dynamics in regrowing forest of eastern Amazonia. Global
Change Biology 5:693-702.
DeSimone, S A, and P H Zedler. 1999. Shrub
seedling recruitment in unburned Calfifornia coastal sage scrub
and adjacent grassland. Ecology 80(6): 2018-2032.
De Steven, D. 1991. Experiments
on mechanisms of tree establishment in old-field succession: seeding
survival and growth. Ecology 72:1076-1088.
Dick-Peddie, W. A. 1993. New Mexico vegetation: past, present, and
future. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
Distel, R. A. and R. M. Boo. 1996. Vegetation states and transitions
in temperate semi-arid rangelands of Argentina, Pages 117-118 in
N. E. West, ed. Proceedings, Vth International Rangeland Congress,
Vol. II, Salt Lake City, UT, Society for Range Management.
Distel, R. A., D. V. Pelaez, R. M. Boo, M. D. Mayor, and O. R. Elia.
1996. Growth of Prosopis
caldenia seedlings in the field as related to grazing history
of the site and in a green house as related to different levels
of competition from Stipa tenuis. Journal of Arid Environments
32:251-257.
Dussart, E., P. Lerner, and R. Peinetti. 1998. Long-term
dynamics of two populations of Prosopis caldenia Burkart.
Journal of Range Management 51:685-691.
Dyksterhuis, E. J. 1948. The vegetation of the western cross timbers.
Ecological Monographs 18:325-376.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ellis, D. and J. L. Schuster. 1968. Juniper
age and distribution on an isolated butte in Garza County. Southwestern
Naturalist 13:343-348.
Engle, D. M., T.G. Bidwell, and M. E. Moseley. 1996. Invasion of
Oklahoma rangelands and forests by eastern redcedar and ashe juniper.
Circular E-947, Coop. Extension Service, Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater.
Engle, D. M., J. F. Stritzke, and P. L. Claypool. 1987. Herbage
standing crop around eastern redcedar trees. Journal of Range
Management 40: 237-239.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Favretto, D. and L. Poldini. 1986. Extinction
time of a sample of Karst Pastures due to bush encroachment.
Ecological Modeling 33:85-88.
Fensham, R.J. 1996. Land
clearance and conservation of inland dry rainforest in North Queensland,
Australia. Biological Conservation 75(3): 289-298.
Fensham, R.J. 1998. Resolving
biomass fluxes in Queensland woodlands. Climate Change Newsletter
10: 13-15.
Fensham, R.J., and J. B. Kirkpatrick. 1992. The
eucalypt forest-grassland/grassy woodland boundary in central Tasmania.
Australian Journal of Botany 40: 123-38.
Fensham, R.J., and R.J. Fairfax. 1996. The
disappearing grassy balds of the Bunya Mountains, south-eastern
Queensland. Australian Journal of Botany 44: 543-558.
Fensham, R.J., and R.J. Fairfax. 1997. The
use of the land survey record to reconstruct pre-European vegetation
patterns in the Darling Downs,Queensland, Australia. Journal
of Biogeography 24: 827-836.
Fensham, R.J., J.C. McCosker, and M.J. Cox. 1998. Estimating
clearance of Acacia-dominated ecosystems in central Queensland using
land-system mapping data. Australian Journal of Botany 46: 305-319.
Fensham, R.J., and R.J. Fairfax. 2002. Aerial
photography for assessing vegetation change: a review of applications
and the relevance of findings for Australian vegetation history.
Australian Journal of Botany 50: 415429.
Fensham, R.J., R.J. Fairfax, J.E. Holman, and P.J. Whitehead. 2002.
Quantitative assessment
of vegetation structural attributes from aerial photography.
International Journal of Remote Sensing 23: 22932317.
Fensham, R. J., R. J. Fairfax, D. W. Butler, and D.M.J.S. Bowman.
2003. Effects of
fire and drought in a tropical eucalypt savanna colonised by rain
forest. Journal of Biogeography 30:1405-1414.
Fensham, R. J., S. J. L. Choy, R. J. Fairfax, and P. C. Cavallaro.
2003. Modelling trends
in woody vegetation structure in semi-arid Australia as determined
from aerial photography. Journal of Environmental Management
68:421-436.
Fensham, R. J., and D. W. Butler. 2004. The
spatial pattern of dry rainforest colonizing unburnt Eucalyptus
savanna. Austral Ecology 29:121-128.
Fensham, R. J., R. J. Fairfax, and S. Archer. 2005. Rainfall,
land use and woody vegetation cover change in semi-arid Australian
savanna. Journal of Ecology 93:596-606.
Fisher, C. E. 1977. Mesquite and modern man in southwestern North
America. Pages 177-188 in B. B. Simpson, ed. Mesquite: its biology
in two desert ecosystems. Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Inc., New
York, NY USA.
Fisher, R. F., M. J. Jenkins, and W. Fisher. 1987. Fire
and the prairie-forest mosaic of Devils Tower National Monument.
American Midland Naturalist 117:250-257.
Foster, J. H. 1917. The spread of timbered areas in central Texas.
Journal of Forestry 15:442-445.
Friedel, M.H. 1985. The population structure and density of central
Australian trees and shrubs, and relationships to range condition,
rabbit abundance and soil. Australian Rangeland Journal 7:130-139.
Friedel, M. H. 1987. A preliminary investigation of woody plant
increase in the western Transvaal and implications for veld assessment.
Journal Grassland Society of South Africa 4:25-30.
Friedel, M.H., G. Pickup, et al. 1993. The interpretation of vegetation
change in a spatially and temporally diverse arid Australian landscape.
Journal of Arid Environments 24(3):241-260.
Fuhlendorf, S.D., Smeins, F.E., Grant, W.E. 1996. Simulation of
a fire-sensitive ecological threshold: a case study of Ashe juniper
on the Edwards Plateau of Texas, USA. Ecological Modelling 90: 245-255.
Fuhlendorf, S.D. & F.E. Smeins. 1997. Long-term vegetation dynamics
mediated by herbivores, weather and fire in a Juniperus-Quercus
savanna. Journal of Vegetation Science 8:819-828.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gadzia, J. S. G. and J. A. Ludwig. 1983. Mesquite
age and size in relation to dunes and artifacts. Southwestern
Naturalist 28:89-94.
Gardiner, C. P., and S. P. Gardiner. 1996. The dissemination of
chinee apple (Ziziphus mauritania): a woody weed of the tropical
subhumid savanna and urban fringe of north Queensland. Tropical
Grasslands 30:174-174.
Gardiner, D.B., Tupper, G.J. and Dudgeon, G.S. 1998. A quantitative
appraisal of woody shrub encroachment in Western New South Wales.
Rangeland Journal. 20 (1): 26-40.
Gartner, R. F. and W. W. Thompson. 1972. Fire
in the Black Hills forest-grass ecotone, Pages 37-68 in Proceedings,
Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, Tallahassee, FL, Tall Timbers
Research Station.
Gehring, J. L., and T. B. Bragg. 1992. Changes
in prairie vegetation under eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana
L.) in an eastern Nebraska bluestem prairie. Am. Midl. Nat.
128: 209217.
Gibbens, R. P., R. F. Beck, R. P. McNeely, and C. H. Herbel. 1992.
Recent rates of mesquite establishment
on the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Journal of Range Management
45:585-588.
Gill, R.A. and Burke, I.C. 1999. Ecosystem consequences of plant
life form changes at three sties in the semiarid United States.
Oecologia 1221: 551-563.
Glendening, G. E. 1952. Some
quantitative data on the increase of mesquite and cactus on a desert
grassland range in southern Arizona. Ecology 33:319-328.
Glendening, G. E. and H. A. Paulsen. 1955. Reproduction and establishment
of velvet mesquite as related to invasion of semi-desert grasslands.
U.S. Department of Agricicluture, Washington, D.C., Technical Bulletin
1127.
Gonzalez, C.L. 1990. Brush reinfestation following mechanical manipulation.
Journal of Arid Environments 18: 109-117.
Gordon, D. R. 1998. Effects
of invasive, non-indigenous plant species on ecosystem processes:
lessons from Florida. Ecological Applications 8:975-989.
Goslee, S.C., K.M. Havstad, D.P.C. Peters, A. Rango, and W. H. Schlesinger.
2003. High-resolution
images reveal rate and pattern of shrubencroachment over six decades
in New Mexico, U.S.A. Journal of Arid Environments 54: 755767.
Graf, D.I., R.Q. Landers, and R.W. Poulter. 1965. Distribution
patterns of eastern redcedar, Juniperus virginiana L.,
in Henry County, Iowa. Iowa Academy of Science 72: 98-105.
Grant, W.E. , Hamilton, W.T., and Quintanilla, E. 1999. Sustainability
of agroecosystems in semi-arid grasslansd: simulated management
of woody vegetation in the Rio Grande Plains of southern Texas and
northeastern Mexico. Ecological Modelling 124:29-42
Grice, A. C. 1996. Seed production,
dispersal and germination in Cryptostegia grandiflora and
Ziziphus mauritiana, two invasive shrubs in tropical woodlands
of northern Australia. Australian Journal of Ecology 21:324-331.
Grice, A. C. 1997. Post-fire
regrowth and survival of the invasive tropical shrubs Cryptostegia
grandiflora and Ziziphus mauritiana. Australian
Journal of Ecology 22:49-55.
Grice, A.C. and Brown, J.R. 1999. Invasive shrubs in Australian
tropical rangelands: past, present and future research, pp. 603-604.
In: People and Rangelands: Building the Future (Eldbridge, D. &
Freudenberger, D., eds.). Proceedings, VI International Rangeland
Congress, Vol. 2., Townsville, Australia.
Griffin, G.F. and M.H. Friedel. 1984. Effects
of fire on central Australian rangelands. II. Changes in tree and
shrub populations. Australian Journal of Ecology 9:395-403.
Griffin, G.F., D.M. Stafford Smith, S.R. Morton, G.E. Allan, K.A.
Masters, and N. Preece. 1989. Status
and implications of the invasion of tamarisk (Tamarix aphylla)
on the Finke River, Northern-Territory, Australia. Journal of
Environmental Management 29:297-315.
Grimm, E. C. 1983. Chronology
and dynamics of vegetation change on the prairie-woodland region
of southern Minnesota, USA. New Phytologist 93:311-350.
Grossman, D. and M. V. Gandar. 1989. Land transformation in South
African savannah regions. South African Geographical Journal 71:38-45.
Grover, H. D. and H. B. Musick. 1990. Shrubland
encroachment in southern New Mexico, USA: an analysis of desertification
processes in the American southwest. Climatic Change 17:305-330.
Gruell, G. E. 1983. Fire and vegetative trends in the northern Rockies:
interpretations from 1981-82 photographs. USDA Forest Service Intermountain
Research Station General Technical Report, INT-158, Ogden, Utah.
Gruell, G. E. 1986. Post-1900
mule deer irruptions in the Intermounain West: principle causes
and influences. USDA/Forest Service, Intermountain Research
Station General Technial Report INT-206.
Guariguata, M. R., R. Rheingans, and F. Montagnini. 1995. Early
woody invasion under tree plantations in Costa Rica: Implications
for forest restoration. Restoration Ecology 3:252-260.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hamilton, A.G. 1892. Effect of settlement upon indigenous vegetation.
Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales
26: 178-239.
Hamilton, K.G.A. 2005. Bugs reveal an extensive, long-lost northern
tallgrass prairie. BioScience 55:49-59.
Hardin, E. D. 1988. Succession
in Buffalo Beats prairie and surrounding forest. Bulletin of
the Torrey Botanical Club 115:13-24.
Harrington, G. N. 1979. The effects of feral goats and sheep on
the shrub populations in a semi-arid woodland. Australian Rangeland
Journal 1:334-345.
Harrington, G.N. 1986. Critical factors in shrub dynamics in eastern
mulga lands. Pages 90-92 in P.S. Sattler, ed. The Mulga Lands. Royal
Society of Queensland, Brisbane.
Harrington, G. N. 1991. Effects
of soil moisture on shrub seedling survival in a semi-arid grassland.
Ecology 72:1138-1149.
Harrington, G. N. and K. C. Hodgkinson. 1986. Shrub-grass
dynamics in mulga communities of eastern Australia. Pages 26-28
in P. J. Joss, P. W. Lynch and O. B. Williams, eds. Rangelands:
a resource under siege. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra.
Harrington, G. N., R. E. Oxley, and D. J. Tongway. 1979. The
effects of European settlement and domestic livestock on the biological
system in poplar box (Eucalyptus populnea) lands. Australian
Rangelands Journal 1:271-279.
Harris, T. A., G. P. Asner, and M. E. Miller. 2003. Changes
in vegetation structure after long-term grazing inpinyon-juniper
ecosystems: Integrating imaging spectroscopy and field studies.
Ecosystems 6: 368-383.
Hart, R. H. and W. A. Laycock. 1996. Repeat photography on range
and forest lands in the western United States. Journal of Range
Management 49:60-67.
Hastings, J. R. and R. L. Turner. 1965. The changing mile: an ecological
study of vegetation change with time in the lower mile of an arid
and semi-arid region. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
Heisler, J. L., J. M. Briggs, and A. K. Knapp. 2003. Long-term
patterns of shrub expansion in a C4-dominated grassland: fire frequency
and the dynamics of shrub cover and abundance. American Journal
of Botany: 90 423-428.
Hennessy, J. T., R. P. Gibbens, J. M. Tromble, and M. Cardenas.
1983. Vegetation changes from
1935 to 1980 in mesquite dunelands and former grasslands of southern
New Mexico. Journal of Range Management 36:370-374.
Hibbard, K. A. 1995. Landscape patterns of carbon and nitrogen dynamics
in a subtropical savanna: observations and models. PhD Dissertation,
Texas A&M University, College Station.
Hibbard, K.A., S. Acher, D.S. Schimel and D. Valentine. 2001. Biogeochemical
changes accompanying woody plant encroachment in a subtropical savanna.
Ecological 82:1999-2011.
Hicke, J.A., R.L. Sherriff, T.T. Veblen, and G.P. Asner. 2004. Carbon
accumulation in Colorado ponderosa pine stands. Canadian Journal
of Forest Research 34: 1283-1295.
Hobbs, R. J. and H. A. Mooney. 1986. Community
changes following shrub invasion of grassland. Oecologia 70:508-513.
Hoch, G.A., and J.M. Briggs. 1999. Expansion
of eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) in the northern
Flint Hills, Kansas. Pages 9-15 in J.T. Springer, ed. Proceedings,
16th North American Prairie Conference, University of Nebraska,
Kearney.
Hoch, G.A., J.M. Briggs, and L.C. Johnson. 2002. Assessing
the rate, mechanism and consequences of conversion of tallgrass
prairie to Juniperus virginiana forest. Ecosystems
6: 578-586.
Höchberg, M. E., J.-C. Menaut, and J. Gignoux. 1994. The
influences of tree biology and fire in the spatial structure of
a West African savannah. Journal of Ecology 82:217-226.
Hodgkin, S. E. 1984. Shrub encroachment and its effects on soil
fertility on Newborough Warren, Anglesey, Wales. Biological Conservation
29:99-119.
Hodgkinson, K.C. and G.N. Harrington. 1985. The case for prescribed
burning to control shrubs in eastern semi-arid woodland. Australian
Rangeland Journal 7:64-74.
Holland, D. C. (1987) Prosopis (Mimosaceae) in the San Joaquin Valley,
California: vanishing relict or recent invader? Madro±o, 34, 324-333.
Holmes, P. M. and R. M. Cowling. 1997. The
effects of invasion by Acacia saligna on the guild structure and
regeneration capabilities of South African fynbos shrublands.
Journal of Applied Ecology 34:317-332.
Hopkins, M.S., Head, J. Ash, J.E., Hewett, R.K. and Graham, A.W.
1996. Evidence of a Holocene
and continuing recent expansion of lowland rainforest in humid,
tropical North Queensland. Journal of Biogeography 23: 737-745.
Hudak, A.T. 2000. Quantifying
bush encroachment in Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa. Proceedings
of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment,
Cape Town, South Africa, CD-ROM.
Hudak, A.T. and C.A. Wessman. 1998. Textural
analysis of historical aerial photography to characterize woody
plant encroachment in South African savanna. Remote Sensing
of Environment 66(3): 317-330.
Hudak, A.T. and C.A. Wessman. 2001. Textural
analysis of high resolution imagery to quantify bush encroachment
in Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa, 1955-1996. International
Journal of Remote Sensing 22(14):2731-2740.
Humphrey, R. R. 1953. The
desert grassland, past and present. Journal of Range Management
6:159-164.
Humphrey, R. R. 1958b. The
desert grasslands: a history of vegetation change and an analysis
of causes. Botanical Review 24:193-252.
Humphrey, R. R. 1987. 90 years and 535 miles: vegetation changes
along the Mexican border. Univ. New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
Humphrey, R. R. and L. A. Mehrhoff. 1958a. Vegetation
change on a southern Arizona grassland range. Ecology 39:720-726.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Idso, S.B. 1995. CO2and
the biosphere: the incredible legacy of the Industrial Revolution.
Special Publication, Department of Soil, Water & Climate, University
of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.
Inglis, J. M. 1964. A history of vegetation on the Rio Grande Plains.
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Austin.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jacklyn, P. 1998. Understanding effects of fire in northern savannas.
Pages 8 in D. Alcock, ed. Exploring CRC Research. CRC Association
Inc., Canberra.
Jeltsch, F., S. J. Milton, W. R. J. Dean, and N. van Rooyen. 1997.
Simulated pattern formation around artificial waterholes in the
semi-arid Kalahari. Journal of Vegetation Science 8:177-188.
Jeltsch, F., S.J. Milton, W.R.J. Dean, and N. Vanrooyen. 1997. Analysing
shrub encroachment in the southern Kalahari: a grid-based modeling
approach. Journal of Applied Ecology 34:1497-1508.
Jervis, J. 1956. The exploration and settlement of the Western Plains.
Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Australian Historical Society
42:1-15.
Johnsen, T. N. 1962. One-seed juniper invasion of northern Arizona
grasslands. Ecological Monographs 32:187-207.
Johnson, K. L. 1987. Sagebrush over time: a photographic study of
rangeland change. Pages 223-252 in E. D. McArthur and B. L. Welch,
eds. Biology of Artemisia and Chrysothamnus. USDA Forest Service
General Technical Report INT-200, Ogden, Utah.
Johnson, W. C. 1994. Woodland expansion in the Platte River, Nebraska:
patterns and causes. Ecological Monographs 64:45-84.
Johnston, M. C. 1963. Past
and present grasslands of southern Texas and northeastern Mexico.
Ecology 44:456-466.
Johnston, M. H., P. S. Homann, J. K. Engstrom, and D. F. Grigal.
1996. Changes in ecosystem
carbon storage over 40 years on an old-field/forest landscape in
east-central Minnesota. Forest Ecology and Management 83:17-26.
Johnston, T.N. 1991. The effect of sheep and rabbit grazing on regeneration
of white cypress pine. Australian Forest Research 4:3-13.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kenney, W. R., J. H. Bock, and C. E. Bock. 1986. Resonses
of the shrub, Baccharis pteronioides, to livestock exclosure in
southeastern Arizona. American Midland Naturalist 116:429-431.
Kitzberger, T., D.F. Steinaker, and T.T. Veblen. 2000. Effects
of climatic variability on facilitation of tree establishment in
northern Patagonia. Ecology 81:1914-1924.
Klement, K. D., Heitschmidt, R. K., Kay, C. E. 2001. Eighty years
of vegetation and landscape changes in the nothern Great Plains:
a photographic record. USDA/ARS Conservation Research Report No.
45. National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, VA 22161. 91pp.
Knapp, A. K., and T. R. Seastedt. 1986. Detritus
accumulation limits productivity of tallgrass prairie. Bioscience
36:662-668.
Knapp, P. A. and P. T. Soule. 1996. Vegetation change and the role
of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on a relict site in central Oregon:
1960-1994. Annals Association of American Geographers 86:387-411.
Knapp, P. A. and P. T. Soule. 1998. Recent Juniperus occidentalis
(western juniper) expansion on a protected site in central Oregon.
Global Change Biology 4:347-357.
Knight, C. L., J. M. Briggs, and M. D. Nelis. 1994. Expansion of
gallery forest on Konza Prairie Research Natural Area, Kansas, USA.
Landscape Ecology 9:117-125.
Köchy, M. 1999. Grass-tree interactions in western Canada.
Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Regina.
Krull, E.S., J.O. Skjemstad, W.H. Burrows, S.G. Bray, J.G. Wynn,
R. Bol, L. Spouncer, and B. Harms. 2005. Recent
vegetation changes in central Queensland, Australia: evidence from
d13C and 14C analyses of soil organic matter. Geodema (in press).
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lacey, C.J. 1972. Factors influencing the occurence of cypress pine
regeneration in New South Wales. Forestry Commission of N.S.W. Technical
Paper No. 21.
Le Roux, I. G. 1997. Patterns and rate of woody vegetation cluster
development in a semi-arid savanna, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa.
M.S. Thesis, Department of Botany, University of Natal.
Lenzi-grillini, C.R., P. Viskanic, and M. Mapesa. 1996. Effects
of 20 years of grazing exclusion in an area of the Queen Elizabeth
National Park, Uganda. African J Ecol 34: 333341.
Leon, R. J. C. and M. R. Aguiar. 1985. El deterioro por uso pasturil
en estepas herbaceas patagonicas. Phytocoenologia 13:181-196.
Leopold, A. 1924. Grass, brush, timber and fire in southern Arizona.
Journal of Forestry 22:1-10.
Leopold, L. B. 1951. Vegetation of southwestern watersheds in the
nineteenth century. The Geographical Review 41:295-316.
Lett, MS, and AK Knapp. 2003. Consequences
of shrub expansion in mesic grassland: Resource alterations and
graminoid responses. Journal of Vegetation Science 14: 487496.
Li, X., and S.D. Wilson. 1998. Facilitation
among woody plants establishing in an old field. Ecology 79:2694-2705.
Lindsay, M. and S. Bratton. 1980. The rate of woody invasion on
two grassy balds. Castanea 45:75-87.
Loehle, C., B. L. Li, and R. C. Sundell. 1996. Forest
spread and phase transitions at forest-prairie ecotones in Kansas,
U.S.A. Landscape Ecology 11:225-235.
Lonsdale, M. and R. Braithwaite. 1988. The shrub that conquered
the bush. New Scientist 15:52-55.
Lonsdale, W. M. 1993. Rates
of spread of an invading species - Mimosa pigra in northern
Australia. Journal of Ecology 81:513-521.
Ludwig, J. A. and S. G. Marsden. 1996. Predicting shifts in Australian
shrublands with changing climates and land uses, Pages 31-35 in
J. R. Barrow, E. D. McArthur, R. E. Sosebee and R. J. Tausch, eds.
Proceedings, Shrubland ecosystem dynamics in a changing environment,
Intermountain Research Station, Las Cruces NM.
Lunt, I.D. 1998a. Allocasuarina (Casuarinaceae) invasion of an unburnt
coastal woodland at Ocean Grove, Victoria: Structural changes 1971-1996.
Australian Journal of Botany 46: 649-656.
Lunt, I.D. 1998b. Two hundred years of land use and vegetation change
in a remnant coastal woodland in southern Australia. Australian
Journal of Botany 46: 629-647.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MacLeod, N. D. 1993. The economic cost of shrub encroachment in
western New So |
