Publications

2008

Velez, C. E., L. L. Leslie, and S. A. Bonar. In revision. Distribution, Relative Abundance, Densities, and Standing Crops of Fishes in the Verde River, Arizona. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society.

Archdeacon, T.P., S. A. Bonar, J. Kline, A. Iles, D. Hughson. 2008. Effects of the Asian Tapeworn on the Endangered Mahave Tui Chub. Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit Fisheries Research Report 02-08.

2007

DuBey, R., S. Schrader, C. Caldwell, D.L. Winkleman, P. Budy, and S. Bonar. 2007. Southwest Regional Risk Assessment For Whirling Disease in Native Salmonids: Data Assembly and Conceptual Model Development. Pages 47-48 In Proceedings of the 13th Annual Whirling Disease Symposium. Resistance on Two Fronts. Denver, Colorado, February 12-13, 2007.

Carveth, C.J., A.M. Widmer, S.A. Bonar, and J. R. Simms. 2007. An Examination of the Effects of Chronic Static and Fluctuating Temperature on the Growth and Survival of Spikedace, Meda Fulgida, with Implications for Management. Journal of Thermal Biology 32:102-108.

Kline, J., T. Archdeacon, A.C. Iles, S.A. Bonar. 2007. Factors Influencing Distribution of Introduced Asian Tapeworm and Effects on Selected Southwestern Fishes (Yaqui Topminnow and Yaqui Chub). Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit Fisheries Research Report 01-07.

Schultz, A. A. and S. A. Bonar. 2007. Spawning and Culture of Gila Chub. Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit Fisheries Research Report 02-07.

2006

Schultz, A. A. and S. A. Bonar. 2006. Selected Aspects of the Natural History of Gila Chub. Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit Fisheries Research Report 02-06.

Choudhury, A, E. Charipar, P. Nelson, JR Hodgson, S. Bonar, RA Cole. 2006. Update on the distribution of the invasive Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, in the US and Canada. Comparative Parasitology 73 (2): 269-273.

Carveth, C.J., A.M. Widmer and S.A. Bonar. 2006. Comparison of Upper Thermal Tolerances of Native and Nonnative Fish Species in Arizona. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 135: 1433-1440.

Widmer, A. M., C. J. Carveth, J. W. Keffler, and S. A. Bonar. 2006. Design of a computerized, temperature-controlled, recirculating aquaria system. Aquacultural Engineering 35 (2): 152-160.

Widmer A.M., Carveth C.J., Bonar S.A., and Simms J.R. 2006. Upper temperature tolerance of loach minnow under acute, chronic, and fluctuating thermal regimes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 135: 755-762.

2005

Leslie, L. L., C. E. Velez , and S. A. Bonar. 2004. Utilizing Volunteers on Fisheries Projects: Benefits, Challenges, and Management Techniques. Fisheries. 29 (10): 10-14.

Bonar, S.A., C. J. Carveth, A. M. Widmer, and J. Simms. 2005. Upper temperature tolerance of loach minnow and spikedace under acute, chronic, and fluctuating thermal regimes. Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit Fisheries Research Report 04-05.

Widmer, A. M., C. J. Carveth, and S. A. Bonar. 2005 Transport and care of small desert fishes. Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Fisheries Research Report 03-05.

Bonar, S.A., B. D. Bolding, M. Divens, and W. Meyer. 2005. Effects of introduced fishes on wild juvenile coho salmon using three shallow Pacific Northwest Lakes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 134 (3): 641-652.

Schade, C. B., and S. A. Bonar. 2005. Distribution and abundance on non-native fishes in streams of the American West. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 25:1386-1394. Describes the extent of nonnative fish distribution and abundance in the American west, and factors associated with their abundance and distribution.

2004

Leslie, L. L., C. E. Velez , and S. A. Bonar. 2004. Utilizing Volunteers on Fisheries Projects: Benefits, Challenges, and Management Techniques. Fisheries. 29(10):10-14. Describes how over 250 volunteers were managed and recruited on the Verde Fisheries Project.

Bolding, B., S. A. Bonar, and M. Divens. 2004. Use of artificial structure to enhance angler benefits in lakes, ponds, and reservoirs: A literature review. Reviews in Fisheries Science 12: 75-96. Describes how artificial structure has been used to improve angling.

Bonar, S.A., L. L. Leslie, and C. E. Velez. 2004. Influence of species, size class, environment, and season on introduced fish predation on native fishes in the Verde River System, Arizona. Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Research Report 01-04.

Didenko A. V., and S. A. Bonar. 2004. Standard weight (Ws) equations for four rare desert fishes. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 24:697-703. Develops the first standard weight equations for rare desert fishes.

Flinders, J.M., and S. A. Bonar. 2004. Biology and foraging demands of northern pike in three Arizona reservoirs and their distribution and status in the southwestern United States. Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Fisheries Research Report 03-04. Discusses biology, management and impacts of introduced northern pike on the southern limit of their range.

Schade, C.B., and S.A. Bonar. 2004. Factors associated with the distribution and abundance of non-native fishes in streams of the American west. Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Fisheries Research Report 02-04. Reports biotic and abiotic factors associated with the distribution and relative abundance of nonnative fishes across 12 western states. Data from approximately 900 sites across the west, one of the largest standardized sampling efforts of western fish to date.

Schultz, A. A., and S. A. Bonar. 2004. Selected aspects of the natural history of Gila chub. 2002-2004 Progress report. Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Fisheries Research Report 04-04.

2003

Bonar, S. A., and A. Didenko. 2003. Standard sampling of desert fish: benefits, recent progress, and a call for action. Proceedings of the Desert Fishes Council 34th Annual Meeting, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico. Describes the potential of standardized sampling of desert fishes.

Schultz, A., E. Maughan, W. Matter, and S.A. Bonar. 2003. Effects of Flooding on Abundance of Native and Nonnative Fishes Downstream From a Small Impoundment. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 23:503-511. Discusses effects of impoundments containing nonnative fishes on downstream fish communities. Used by State and Federal managers to regulate small impoundments in the desert southwest.

Ward, D.L, and S.A. Bonar. 2003. Effects of cold water on susceptibility of age 0 flannelmouth sucker to predation by rainbow trout. The Southwestern Naturalist. 48(1):43-46. Investigates effectiveness of rainbow trout predation on flannelmouth suckers at different water temperatures

2002

Bonar, S. A., J. Flinders, O. E. Maughan, and W. J. Matter. 2002. Factors associated with razorback sucker recruitment in a small southern Arizona pond. Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Fisheries Research Report 01-02. Investigates factors associated with razorback sucker recruitment in small desert ponds, which is atypical spawning habitat for the species. Used to develop a National Wildlife Refuge Management Plan.

Bonar, S. A., and W. A. Hubert. 2002. Standard sampling of inland fish: benefits, challenges, and a call for action. Fisheries 27(3):10-16. Examined why standard sampling protocols are not common in the assessment of inland fish populations by fisheries biologists, provide procedures that may serve as a template by describing how development and implementation of standardized sampling protocols were achieved by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and discuss the option of developing nation-wide or continent-wide standards with leadership by the American Fisheries Society.

 Bonar, S.A. 2002. Relative length frequency: A simple, visual technique to evaluate size structure of fish populations. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 22:1086-1094. Discusses a new technique to analyze fish length-frequency distributions to identify factors limiting fish populations.

Bonar, S.A., B. Bolding and M. Divens. 2002. Effects of triploid grass carp on aquatic plants, water quality, and public satisfaction in Washington State. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 22:96-105 . Discusses statewide management and effects of triploid grass carp stocked into 184 Washington state lakes.

Ward, D. L., O. E. Maughan, S. A. Bonar, and W. J. Matter. 2002. Effects of temperature, fish length, and exercise on swimming performance of age-0 flannelmouth sucker. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 131:492-497. Examines the effects of temperature modifications at Glenn Canyon Dam on flannelmouth sucker swimming performance.

Ward, D. L., O. E. Maughan, and S. A. Bonar. 2002. A variable speed swim tunnel for testing the swimming ability of age 0 fish. North American Journal of Aquaculture 64:228-231. Describes a new device that can test swimming ability of small fishes.

2001

Bolding, B., S. Bonar, and M. Divens. 2001. Use of artificial structure to enhance freshwater sportfish communities in lake, ponds and reservoirs: a literature review. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Science Division, Technical Report Number: FPT01-06. Describes how artificial structure can be used in inland fisheries management.

2000

Bonar, S.A., L.G. Brown, P.E. Mongillo and K. Williams. 2000. Biology, distribution and management of burbot lota lota in Washington State. Northwest Science 74:87-96. Described status, distribution and known life history characteristics of burbot in Washington state. This publication and an agency status report on burbot provided information to change state law in Washington to provide protective regulations for burbot.

Buckley, R., B. Bolding, and S. Bonar. Inland Fisheries Research D.J. Report, FY 1999-2000. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Technical Report. Reports research activities of the Inland Fisheries Research Unit.

Divens, M., S. A. Bonar, and B. Pfeifer. 2000. Trout stocking in high lakes: Reported impacts and implications for Washington State. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Research Report. Describes the effects of stocking nonnative trout on native aquatic communities of high mountain Washington lakes.

Bonar, S.A., B. Bolding, and M. Divens. 2000. Sampling Guidelines for Washington State Standardized Pond and Lake Surveys. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Research Report. 38 pp. Standardized survey methodology for warmwater fish populations currently being used by WDFW Warmwater fisheries survey teams statewide. These methodologies are being used to survey over 100 Washington lakes.

1999

Bonar, S.A., B. Bolding and M. Divens. 1999. Management of aquatic plants in Washington State using triplod grass carp. In ODFW and NMFS. 1999. Management Implications of Co-occurring Native and Introduced Fishes: Proceedings of the Workshop. October 27-28, 1998, Portland, Oregon. 243 pgs. Describes results of grass carp stockings in 99 Washington lakes and how information is being used to update management. State policy in Washington is being modified because of this research.

Bonar, S.A., B. Bolding, M. Divens and W. Meyer. 1999. Interactions between coho salmon and warmwater fish in western Washington lakes. In ODFW and NMFS. 1999. Management Implications of Co-occurring Native and Introduced Fishes: Proceedings of the Workshop. October 27-28, 1998, Portland, Oregon. 243 pgs. Gives a brief overview of a new project investigating interactions between salmon and warmwater fish in western Washington .The warmwater program manager of the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife describes this project as crucial to the management of warmwater fish in Washington State.

Loch, J.J. and S.A. Bonar. 1999. Occurrence of grass carp in the lower Columbia and Snake rivers. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 128:374-379. Reported the first recorded sightings of grass carp in the Columbia and Snake River systems. Reported migration patterns, sizes and implications for management. Alerted agency managers in Idaho, Washington and Oregon to insure screening requirements for lakes and canals were being followed and illegal stockings were prevented when possible.

1998

Bolding, B., S.A. Bonar and M. Divens. 1998. Walleye diet in a shallow impoundment: relative importance of pumpkinseed sunfish and yellow perch. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 13:9-14. Managers across the United States have used walleye predation to keep stunted yellow perch populations in check. Little was known about the ability of walleye to control stunted centrarchid populations. This reports the results of an experiment testing walleye as a biocontrol for both stunted yellow perch and pumpkinseed sunfish. Following this experiment walleye were used by the Department of Fish and Wildlife in some eastern Washington lakes to control perch and panfish.

Bonar, S.A., G.B. Pauley and G.L. Thomas. 1998. Effects of triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) grazing on the aquatic macrophytes in Big Chambers Lake and Little Chambers Lake.In G.B. Pauley and seven coauthors eds. The Biology and Effects of Triploid Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) on the Plant Community, Fish Assemblage and Water Quality of Big Chambers Lake and Little Chambers Lake, Washington. Technical report. Washington Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. Chapter 1:1-35. Effects of grass carp in a medium-sized Washington lake.

Bonar, S.A., S.A. Vecht, C.R. Bennett, G.B. Pauley and G.L. Thomas. 1998. Capture of triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) from Big Chambers Lake and other vegetated Washington state lakes. In G.B. Pauley and seven coauthors eds. The Biology and Effects of Triploid Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) on the Plant Community, Fish Assemblage and Water Quality of Big Chambers Lake and Little Chambers Lake, Washington. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. Chapter 6:1-8. Techniques tested to capture grass carp in Washington lakes.

Divens, M.J., S.A. Bonar, B.D. Bolding, E. Anderson and P.W. James. 1998. Monitoring warm-water fish populations in north temperate regions: Sampling considerations when using proportional stock density. Fisheries Management and Ecology 5:383-391. Proportional stock density or PSD is one of the most commonly used indexes in warmwater fishery management. It was developed in the southern and Midwestern United States and is used nationwide. This publication points out some considerations needed to use PSD effectively in north temperate climates. Currently these recommendations are being followed by the state warmwater stock assessment teams at the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife.

Pauley, G.B., S.A. Bonar, K.L. Bowers and G.L. Thomas. 1998. Triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) feeding preferences for aquatic macrophyte species from Big Chambers Lake and two other Pacific Northwest lakes. In G.B. Pauley and seven coauthors eds. The Biology and Effects of Triploid Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) on the Plant Community, Fish Assemblage and Water Quality of Big Chambers Lake and Little Chambers Lake, Washington. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. Chapter 4:1-52.

Pauley, G.B., S.A. Bonar and G.L. Thomas. 1998. Conclusions: the use of triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) for aquatic macrophyte control in Big Chambers and Little Chambers Lake. In G.B. Pauley and seven coauthors eds. The Biology and Effects of Triploid Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) on the Plant Community, Fish Assemblage and Water Quality of Big Chambers Lake and Little Chambers Lake, Washington. Technical report. Washington Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. Chapter 7:1-5.

Vecht, S.A., G.B. Pauley, S.A. Bonar and G.L. Thomas. 1998. Growth rates of triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in Big Chambers Lake and three other Washington State lakes.In G.B. Pauley and seven coauthors eds. The Biology and Effects of Triploid Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) on the Plant Community, Fish Assemblage and Water Quality of Big Chambers Lake and Little Chambers Lake, Washington. Technical report. Washington Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. Chapter 5:1-57.

1997

Bolding, B., S.A. Bonar, M. Divens, D. Fletcher and E. Anderson. 1997. Stocking walleye to improve growth and reduce abundance of overcrowded panfish in a small impoundment. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Technical Report RAD97-05. 27 pp. Managers across the United States have used walleye predation to keep stunted yellow perch populations in check. Little was known about the ability of walleye to control stunted centrarchid populations. This reports the results of an experiment testing walleye as a biocontrol for both stunted yellow perch and pumpkinseed sunfish. Following this experiment, walleye were used by the Department of Fish and Wildlife in some eastern Washington lakes to control perch and panfish.

Bonar, S.A., L.G. Brown, P.E. Mongillo and K. Williams. 1997. Status of burbot in Washington State. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Research Report . 51 pp. Described status, distribution and known life history characteristics of burbot in Washington State. This publication and a journal publication on burbot provided information to change state law in Washington to provide protective regulations for burbot.

Bonar, S.A., B. Bolding and M. Divens. 1997. Inland fish research.In Inland Fish Investigations and Research WB/DJ Annual Report July 1, 1996-June 30, 1997. Project No. F-114-R-3 Volume 2. Research Section:1-170.

Bonar, S.A., M. Divens and B. Bolding. 1997. Methods for sampling the distribution and abundance of bull trout/Dolly Varden. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Research Report RAD97-05. 48 pp. Reports methods to verify presence or “absence” of bull trout in streams or rivers, and describes methods to monitor abundance. Currently, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife’s bull trout draft management plan recommends this bull trout monitoring method. This plan has received widespread interest throughout the United States as a method to monitor bull trout stocks and is currently being considered by the Timber, Fish and Wildlife committee as the official method for monitoring bull trout.

Bonar, S.A., J. Pahutski, B.D. Bolding, D. Fletcher and M. Divens. 1997. Survival and growth of channel catfish stocked in Washington lakes. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 17:773-778. Channel catfish have been residents of Washington for over 100 years; however, little is known about their biology and management in this state. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife biologists are currently using recommendations provided from this report. Because of this report, channel catfish are no longer stocked at less than 6" in Washington State because of intense largemouth bass predation. Coded wire tagging techniques used in this study are now being used in field experiments across the United States.

Loch, J.J., and S.A. Bonar. 1997. Occurrence of grass carp in the lower Columbia and Snake rivers. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Research Report RAD97-07.13 pp. Reported the first recorded sightings of grass carp in the Columbia and Snake River systems. Reported migration patterns, sizes and implications for management. Alerted agency managers in Washington and Oregon to insure screening requirements for lakes and canals were being followed and illegal stockings were prevented when possible.

1996

Bolding, B., S.A. Bonar and E. Anderson. 1996. Diet of walleye in a percid-centrarchid community. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Research Report IF96-06. 14 pp. Managers across the United States have used walleye predation to keep stunted yellow perch populations in check. Little was known about the ability of walleye to control stunted centrarchid populations. This reports the results of an experiment testing walleye as a biocontrol for both stunted yellow perch and pumpkinseed sunfish. Following this experiment, walleye were used by the Department of Fish and Wildlife in some eastern Washington lakes to control perch and panfish.

Bonar, S.A., B. Bolding and M. Divens. 1996. Management of aquatic plants in Washington state using grass carp: Effects on aquatic plants, water quality and public satisfaction 1990-1995. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Research Report IF96-05. 28 pp. Examines operational use of grass carp state wide. Used to adjust stocking rates and grass carp management strategies. Is being used to update Washington state policy on grass carp.

Bonar, S.A., B. Bolding and M. Divens. 1996. Project 3. Inland fish research WB/DJ annual report July 1, 1995- June 30, 1996.In Inland Fish Investigations and Research WB/DJ Annual Report. July 1, 1995 - June 30, 1996. Project No. F-114-R-2. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Progress Report. Volume 2, Chapter 4:1-106.

Divens, M., P. James, S. Bonar, B. Bolding and E. Anderson. 1996. An evaluation of proportional stock density use in Washington State. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Research Report IF96-01.26 pp. Proportional stock density or PSD is one of the most commonly used indexes in warmwater fishery management. It was developed in the southern and Midwestern United States and is used nationwide. This publication points out some considerations needed to use PSD effectively in north temperate climates. Currently these recommendations are being followed by the state warmwater stock assessment teams at the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife.

1995

Bolding, B., S.A. Bonar, D. Fletcher and E. Anderson. 1995. Use of walleye to manipulate size and growth rate of panfish in a small impoundment. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Progress Report IF95-01. 24 pp. Reports progress on an experiment using walleye to crop an overcrowded panfish population.

Bonar, S.A., B. Bolding, J. Pahutski and M. Divens. 1995. Project 3. Inland Fish Research WB/DJ Annual Report July 1 1994-June 30, 1995. In Inland Fish Investigations in Washington 1994 Annual Progress Report. Project No. F-114-R-1. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Progress Report. Pp 352-441.

Bonar, S.A., J. Pahutski and B. Bolding. 1995. Comparison of electroshocking and trapping techniques for the capture of channel catfish. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Technical Report IF95-02. 10 pp. Tested effectiveness of different techniques for monitoring channel catfish populations. These techniques are being used by biologists in Washington and Oregon.

Bonar, S.A., J. Pahutski and B. Bolding. 1995. Factors related to survival and growth of stocked channel catfish in Washington lakes. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Technical Report IF95-03. 24 pp. Channel catfish have been residents of Washington for over 100 years; however, little is known about their biology and management in this state. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife biologists are currently using recommendations provided from this report. Because of this report, channel catfish are no longer stocked at less than 6" in Washington State because of intense largemouth bass predation. Coded wire tagging techniques used in this study are now being used in field experiments across the United States.

Bonar, S.A., G.L. Thomas and G.B. Pauley. 1995. Survey of world usage of grass carp for aquatic plant control. In G.B. Pauley and S.A. Bonar eds. The Biology, Management and Stocking Rates of Triploid Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Their Effects on the Plant Community, Fish Assemblage and Water Quality of Several Pacific Northwest Lakes. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Chapter 1:1-19.

Bonar, S.A., G.B. Pauley and G.L. Thomas. 1995. Effect of disturbance and time of day on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) consumption rates. In G.B. Pauley and S.A. Bonar eds. The Biology, Management and Stocking Rates of Triploid Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Their Effects on the Plant Community, Fish Assemblage and Water Quality of Several Pacific Northwest Lakes. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Chapter 15:1-8.

Bonar, S.A., G.B. Pauley and G.L. Thomas. 1995. Effects of triploid grass carp grazing on aquatic macrophytes of five Washington lakes. In G.B. Pauley and S.A. Bonar eds. The Biology, Management and Stocking Rates of Triploid Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Their Effects on the Plant Community, Fish Assemblage and Water Quality of Several Pacific Northwest Lakes. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Chapter 9:1-108.

Bonar, S.A., G.L. Thomas and G.B. Pauley. 1995. Origin of grass carp in the United States and differences in Asian grass carp stocks. In G.B. Pauley and S.A. Bonar eds. The Biology, Management and Stocking Rates of Triploid Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Their Effects on the Plant Community, Fish Assemblage and Water Quality of Several Pacific Northwest Lakes. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Chapter 2:1-6.

Bonar, S.A., G.L. Thomas and G.B. Pauley. 1995. Accuracy and cost comparison of flow cytometry and coulter counter techniques for rapid ploidy analysis of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).In G.B. Pauley and S.A. Bonar eds. The Biology, Management and Stocking Rates of Triploid Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Their Effects on the Plant Community, Fish Assemblage and Water Quality of Several Pacific Northwest Lakes. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Chapter 4:1-9.

Bonar, S.A., G.L. Thomas and G.B. Pauley. 1995. Evaluation of sterility in triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).In G.B. Pauley and S.A. Bonar eds. The Biology, Management and Stocking Rates of Triploid Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Their Effects on the Plant Community, Fish Assemblage and Water Quality of Several Pacific Northwest Lakes. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Chapter 5:1-9.

Bonar, S.A., G.L. Thomas and G.B. Pauley. 1995. Grass carp stocking rates for aquatic plant control. In G.B. Pauley and S.A. Bonar eds. The Biology, Management and Stocking Rates of Triploid Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Their Effects on the Plant Community, Fish Assemblage and Water Quality of Several Pacific Northwest Lakes. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Chapter 19:1-23.

Pauley, G.B., S.A. Bonar, K.L. Bowers and G.L. Thomas. 1995. Feeding preferences of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) for Pacific Northwest aquatic macrophyte species. In G.B. Pauley and S.A. Bonar eds. The Biology, Management and Stocking Rates of Triploid Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Their Effects on the Plant Community, Fish Assemblage and Water Quality of Several Pacific Northwest Lakes. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Chapter 12:1-6.

Pauley, G.B., S.A. Bonar and G.L. Thomas. 1995. Conclusions, the utility of grass carp for aquatic plant control in the Pacific Northwest. In G.B. Pauley and S.A. Bonar eds. The Biology, Management and Stocking Rates of Triploid Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Their Effects on the Plant Community, Fish Assemblage and Water Quality of Several Pacific Northwest Lakes. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Chapter 21:1-6.

Pauley, G.B., S.A. Bonar, G.L. Thomas and H.S. Sehgal. 1995. Relationship between the chemical composition of milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) and its consumption by grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). In G.B. Pauley and S.A. Bonar eds. The Biology, Management and Stocking Rates of Triploid Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Their Effects on the Plant Community, Fish Assemblage and Water Quality of Several Pacific Northwest Lakes. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Chapter 14:1-11.

Pauley, G.B., D.A. Marino, S.L. Thiesfeld, S.A. Vecht, G.L. Thomas, D.A. Beauchamp and S.A. Bonar. 1995. Impacts of triploid grass carp grazing on the game fish assemblages of Pacific Northwest lakes. In G.B. Pauley and S.A. Bonar eds. The Biology, Management and Stocking Rates of Triploid Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Their Effects on the Plant Community, Fish Assemblage and Water Quality of Several Pacific Northwest Lakes. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Chapter 9:1-108.

Vecht, S.A., G.B. Pauley, S.A. Bonar and G.L. Thomas. 1995. Growth rates of triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in four Washington Lakes.In G.B. Pauley and S.A. Bonar eds. The Biology, Management and Stocking Rates of Triploid Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Their Effects on the Plant Community, Fish Assemblage and Water Quality of Several Pacific Northwest Lakes. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Chapter 6:1-57.

1994

Bonar, S.A. 1994. A description of grass carp policy in Washington State. Proceedings of the Grass Carp Symposium U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, Mississippi. pp 83-84. Describes state laws and policy regarding grass carp use in Washington State.

Bonar, S., and B. Bolding. 1994. Research team, warmwater fish program WB/DJ annual report July 1, 1993 - June 30, 1994. In Warmwater Fishery Investigations in Washington State. 1993 Annual Progress Report. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Progress Report. Project F-71-R-14. Pp 170-175.

Bonar, S.A., D. Fletcher and B. Bolding. 1994. Relationship between forage fish abundance and the diet of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Report 94-07.22 pp. Discusses the feeding ecology of largemouth bass in Washington lakes and how this information can be used in the development of angling regulations.

Bonar, S.A., G.L. Thomas and G.B. Pauley. 1994. An empirical approach to predicting grass carp stocking rates. Proceedings of the Grass Carp Symposium U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, Mississippi. pp 18. Discusses research used to calculate initial grass carp stocking rates for Washington State.

Pauley, G.B., G.L. Thomas, S.A. Bonar, J.D. Frodge, D.A. Marino, S.L. Thiesfeld, S. Vecht, K.L. Bowers and H. Sehgal. 1994. An overview of the use and efficacy of triploid grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella as a biological control of aquatic macrophytes in Oregon and Washington state lakes. Proceedings of the Grass Carp Symposium U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, Mississippi. pp 46-54. Reports the results of a multi-part study describing the efficacy and impacts of triploid grass carp for aquatic plant control in Washington and Oregon lakes.

1993

Bonar, S.A., G.L. Thomas, S.L. Thiesfeld, G.B. Pauley and T. Brock Stables. 1993. Effect of triploid grass carp on the aquatic macrophyte community of Devils Lake, Oregon. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 13:757-765. This study reported the results of the first lake legally stocked with grass carp in the Pacific Northwest. Information from this study was used in the development of Oregon state law regarding grass carp.

Bonar, S.A., S.A. Vecht, C.R. Bennett, G.B. Pauley and G.L. Thomas. 1993. Capture of grass carp from vegetated lakes. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 31:168-174. No effective methods were available for capturing grass carp from overstocked lakes. Since grass carp were originally from China, we discovered Chinese methods that were effective and modified them to capture grass carp in United States lakes.

Fletcher, D., S. Bonar, B. Bolding, A. Bradbury and S. Zeylmaker. 1993. Warmwater fish survey manual. Washington Department of Wildlife Technical Report. 164 pp. The official Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife manual for monitoring warmwater fish populations. Used by almost all Inland Fisheries biologists of the WDFW. Now currently being updated.

Hahn, P., S. Zeylmaker and S. Bonar. 1993. WDW methods manual: Creel information from sport fisheries. Washington Department of Wildlife Report 93-18. 47 pp. Describes and investigates methods to design creel surveys. Used by numerous biologists in Washington State.

1991

Bonar, S.A., and C.R. Bennett. 1991. Feasibility of aquatic macrophyte control in Surfside Lake and Canal, Ocean Park, Washington using sterile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) Technical Report. Consulting Service. 20 pp.

Pauley, G.B., G.L. Thomas, S.A. Bonar and H. Sehgal. 1991. Effects of plant location, plant combination, fish size, disturbance and stock origin on grass carp feeding preferences and consumption rates. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. 96 pp.

1990

Bonar, S.A. 1990. Efficacy of sterile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) for aquatic plant control in the Pacific Northwest. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Washington 243 pp. Reports the results of using sterile grass carp for the first legal applications in the Pacific Northwest. This research was used in the development of state laws in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

Bonar, S.A., H.S. Sehgal, G.L. Thomas and G.B. Pauley. 1990. Relationship between the chemical composition of aquatic macrophytes and their consumption by grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. Journal of Fish Biology 36:149-157. Grass carp are used to control nuisance populations of aquatic vegetation. However, the preference of grass carp for the same species of aquatic plants can differ from place to place. This phenomenon was a mystery to grass carp researchers. This study revealed that the water chemistry of a lake could affect the “taste” of a plant and therefore its rate of consumption by grass carp. This information is being used in grass carp management across the United States.

Thomas, G.L., S.A. Bonar, D.A. Beauchamp, J.D. Frodge, G.B. Pauley, T.B. Stables and S.L. Thiesfeld. 1990. Feasibility of aquatic plant control in Lake Lawrence, Thurston County, Washington using triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.). Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. 117 pp.

Thomas, G.L., S. L. Thiesfeld, S. A. Bonar and G.B. Pauley. 1990. Estimation of submergent plant bed biovolume using acoustic range information. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47:805-812. This paper describes a new method of monitoring changes in aquatic plant habitat using hydroacoustics. This information was used by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife in surveys of the plant communities of over 100 lakes.

1989

Bonar, S.A., G.L. Thomas, G.B. Pauley and R.W. Martin. 1989. Use of ultrasonic images for rapid, nonlethal determination of sex and maturity of pacific herring. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 9:364-366. This publication describes a rapid non-lethal method to selectively fish for certain sexes or levels of maturity of fish. The use of selective fisheries is rapidly increasing in marine waters, and the ability to remove excess males, or harvest roe at optimum maturity would greatly increase the cost-effectiveness of commercial fisheries.

Bonar, S.A., G.L. Thomas and G.B. Pauley 1989. Effects of grazing by triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) on the aquatic macrophytes of five Washington lakes.In G.B. Pauley and G.L. Thomas, eds. An evaluation of the impact of triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) on lakes in the Pacific Northwest. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit pp II1 - II69.

Bonar, S.A., G.L. Thomas and G.B. Pauley 1989. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) stocking rates for aquatic plant control. In G.B. Pauley and G.L. Thomas, eds. An evaluation of the impact of triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) on lakes in the Pacific Northwest. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit pp V1 - V22.

Thomas, G.L., S.L. Thiesfeld, S.A. Bonar, J.D. Frodge and G.B. Pauley. 1989. Short-term effects of triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) on the plant community, fish assemblage, and water quality of Devils Lake, Oregon. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. 109 pp.

1988

Bonar, S.A., G.B. Pauley and G.L. Thomas. 1988. Pink salmon. species profiles: Life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates ( Pacific Northwest). USFWS Biological Rept. TR EL-82-4. This report provides an overview of Pink salmon for scientists needing biological data for environmental impact statements, etc.

Bonar, S.A., G.L. Thomas and G.B. Pauley. 1988. Evaluation of using external morphology for the separation of triploid and diploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Journal of Fish Biology 33:895-898. Only sterile triploid grass carp are allowed in most states in the United States. This paper demonstrated that triploid and diploid (fertile) grass carp could not be separated using external morphology, and that expensive cell nuclei measurement techniques were the methods of choice. Because of this research, state law in Washington was designed to only allow certified grass carp separated by a cell-sorting method.

Pauley, G. B., G.L. Thomas, S. L. Thiesfeld and S. A. Bonar. 1988. Devils Lake restoration project - grass carp introduction and monitoring. Technical report No. 8. Washington Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. 11 pp.

Pauley, G.B., G.L. Thomas, S.A. Bonar, J.D. Frodge and H. Sehgal. 1988. Use of triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) as a biological control aquatic macrophytes in Washington State. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. 122 pp.

Pauley, G.B., G.L. Thomas and S.A. Bonar. 1988. Aquatic Macrophyte Changes in Devils Lake, Oregon, and Keevies Lake, Washington, following stocking of triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Meeting, Aquatic Plant Control Research Program. U.S. Army Corps Eng. Misc. Paper A-88-5. pp. 281-291. Describes initial results of two grass carp stockings for aquatic plant control.

1987

Bonar, S.A., G.L. Thomas and G.B. Pauley. 1987. Estimation of triploid white amur stocking densities for aquatic plant control for Devils Lake, Oregon. Proceedings of the 21st Annual Meeting, Aquatic Plant Control Research Program, U.S. Army Corps Eng. pp. 122-132. Reports methods used to calculate the grass carp stocking rate for Devils Lake, Oregon, the first site in the Pacific Northwest legally stocked with grass carp.

Pauley, G.B., G.L. Thomas, S.L. Thiesfeld and S.A. Bonar. 1987. An overview of the use of triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) as a biological control of aquatic macrophytes in Devils Lake, Oregon. Proceedings of the 21st Annual Meeting, Aquatic Plant Control Research Program, U.S. Army Corps Eng. pp. 115-121. An overview of research on the use of grass carp for aquatic plant control in Devils Lake, Oregon, the first lake in the Pacific Northwest legally stocked with the fish.

Thomas, G.L., Steven Thiesfeld and S.A. Bonar. 1987. Hydroacoustic quantification of fish habitat in lakes infested with aquatic macrophytes. Proceedings, International Symposium on Fisheries Acoustics. Seattle, Washington. Describes hydroacoustic techniques developed for measuring fish habitat in lakes.

Bonar, S.A., G.L. Thomas and G.B. Pauley. 1987. The efficacy of triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) for plant control.In G.B. Pauley and G.L. Thomas, eds. An evaluation of the impact of triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) on lakes in the Pacific Northwest. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. pp 105-178.

Bonar, S.A., G.L. Thomas and G.B. Pauley. 1987. An evaluation of ploidy separation techniques for diploid and triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). In G.B. Pauley and G.L. Thomas, eds. An evaluation of the impact of triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) on lakes in the Pacific Northwest. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. pp 39-60.

Bonar, S.A., G.L. Thomas and G.B. Pauley. 1987. An evaluation of sterility in triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). In G.B. Pauley and G.L. Thomas, eds. An evaluation of the impact of triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) on lakes in the Pacific Northwest. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. pp 61-69.

Pauley, G.B., G.L. Thomas, S.L. Thiesfeld and S.A. Bonar. 1987. Devils Lake restoration project - grass carp introduction and monitoring. Technical Report No. 5. Washington Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. 6 pp.

Pauley, G.B., G.L. Thomas, S.L. Thiesfeld and S.A. Bonar. 1987. Devils Lake restoration project - grass carp introduction and monitoring. Technical Report No. 6. Washington Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. 8 pp.

Pauley, G.B., G.L. Thomas, S.L. Thiesfeld, S.A. Bonar, D.A. Marino and J. Frodge. 1987. Devils Lake restoration project - grass carp introduction and monitoring. Technical Report No. 7. Washington Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. 22 pp.

1986

Pauley, G.B., G.L. Thomas, and S.L. Thiesfeld, S.A. Bonar and K.L. Bowers. 1986. Devils Lake restoration project - grass carp introduction and monitoring. Technical Report No.1. Washington Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. 17 pp.

Pauley, G.B., G.L. Thomas, S.L. Thiesfeld, S.A. Bonar and K.L. Bowers. 1986. Devils Lake restoration project - grass carp introduction and monitoring. Technical Report No. 2. Washington Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. 19 pp.

Pauley, G.B., G.L. Thomas, S.L. Thiesfeld and S.A. Bonar. 1986. Devils Lake restoration project - grass carp introduction and monitoring. Technical Report No. 3. Washington Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. 5 pp.

1985

Bonar, S.A., G.L. Thomas, G.B. Pauley and A. Unthank. 1985. An evaluation of ploidy separation techniques with the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), a potential biological control of aquatic macrophytes in Washington State. Proceedings of the 19th Annual Aquatic Plant Control Program. U.S. Army Corps Eng. Misc. Paper A-85-4. pp. 158-164. Examined accuracy of methods used to verify triploidy in grass carp. Results used to develop Washington state policy.

Pauley, G.B., G.L. Thomas, S.A. Bonar and A. Unthank. 1985. An overview of the use of triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) as a biological control of aquatic macrophytes in Washington State. Proceedings of the 19th Annual Aquatic Plant Control Program. U.S. Army Corps Eng. Misc. Paper A-85-4. pp. 147-152. An overview of the first research project on grass carp for aquatic plant control in the Pacific Northwest. This research was used to develop state laws in Pacific Northwest states regarding grass carp.

Pauley, G.B., G.L. Thomas, S.A. Bonar, K.L. Bowers, J.D. Frodge, and A. Unthank. 1985. Use of triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) as a biological control of aquatic macrophytes in Washington State. Technical Report. Washington Cooperative Fishery Research Unit. 248 pp.

Peterson, J., J. Dunham, P. Howell, R.Thurow, and S. Bonar. In Press. Interim Protocol for Determining Bull Trout Presence. American Fisheries Society Bull Trout Committee Special Publication. Outlines a national protocol for sampling bull trout presence.

Publications – five most significant

Bonar, S.A. 2002. Relative length frequency: A simple, visual technique to evaluate size structure of fish populations. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 22:1086-1094. Four common indices are used to evaluate the health of fish populations in inland waters. These include catch per unit effort, stock density indices, growth indices and condition indices. The scientist developed an additional index, relative length frequency (Bonar 2002), to complement existing stock density indices. The advantages of relative length frequency over existing indices is (1) it is simple to understand, (2) it allows analysis of length data from fish that are nongame fishes in addition to sportfishes, (3) it can use the entire range of lengths of a group of fishes to analyze a population, and (4) it can include fish below harvestable size. After the Relative Length Frequency method was presented at the 2001 AFS meeting in Phoenix, the scientists was approached by academic and agency representatives that told the scientist that it was one of the most valuable contributions at the meeting. In addition, the scientist has been asked to give guest lectures on the method in fisheries classes at the University of Arizona, and at short courses for the Arizona Game and Fish Department. Currently the scientist is collaborating with University of Arizona and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists to develop and test the technique for a wider range of species across the United States.

Bonar, S.A., B. Bolding and M. Divens. 2002. Effects of triploid grass carp on aquatic plants, water quality, and public satisfaction in Washington State. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 22:96-105 .The scientist’s research on sterile triploid grass carp in the Pacific Northwest was used to develop legislation and management policies regarding this species in Washington, Oregon, British Columbia and Montana (Bonar et al. 2002). This research was among the first on the use of this species for aquatic plant control in northern climates in North America. It was presented in many national and international conferences and journals, and was recognized as an important contribution nationally and internationally by both the scientific and management community.

Bonar, S. A., and W. A. Hubert. 2002. Standard sampling of inland fish: benefits, challenges, and a call for action. Fisheries 27(3):10-16. Examined why standard sampling protocols are not common in the assessment of inland fish populations by fisheries biologists, and provides procedures that may serve as a template for others by describing how development and implementation of standardized sampling protocols were achieved by the scientist when designing standard sampling programs (see many examples in the reference list for lake and pond sampling, bull trout sampling and creel sampling) for the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and discusses the option of developing nation-wide or continent-wide standards with leadership by the American Fisheries Society. This work has been cited internationally, and the scientist is currently in contact with the President of the Fisheries Management Section of the American Fisheries Society about design of standardizing sampling procedures for routine fish monitoring in North America.

Bonar, S.A., B. D. Bolding, M. Divens, and W. Meyer. 2005. Effects of introduced fishes on wild juvenile coho salmon using three shallow Pacific Northwest Lakes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 134(3):641-652. Declines in Pacific salmon stocks have been blamed on hydropower, overfishing, ocean conditions and land-use practices; however, less is known about the impacts of nonnative fish. The study examined the impacts of predation and competition of common introduced fish species on wild coho salmon in shallow western Washington lakes. Largemouth bass were responsible for an average of 98% of the predation on coho salmon in all lakes. The proportion of smolt equivalents eaten by largemouth bass varied substantially among lakes and years, ranging from 4% to 293% of those exiting the system. Food competition with introduced fishes did not limit growth or food consumption of juvenile coho salmon rearing in lakes. Lowland lakes are important rearing areas and migration corridors for juvenile coho salmon. Anadromous salmonids have access to over 450 lakes and ponds in Western Washington alone. Largemouth bass are found in > 75% of the lowland warmwater lakes in Washington, Oregon, and the eight most northwestern counties of California. This research showed that predation by largemouth bass could be an important factor affecting juvenile coho salmon survival in these systems. Black bass angling was worth over $95 million to the Washington state economy in 2001 alone. Therefore the often-conflicting goals of black bass and coho salmon management will need to be reconciled in many lowland watersheds. This research will be used by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Canadian Government Biologists, and State Agency biologists to manage lakes across the Pacific Northwest used by anadromous salmon. This research was presented at meetings with agency biologists, and at two national (AFS) conferences.

Bonar, S.A., H.S. Sehgal, G.L. Thomas and G.B. Pauley. 1990. Relationship between the chemical composition of aquatic macrophytes and their consumption by grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. Journal of Fish Biology 36:149-157. Grass carp are used to control nuisance populations of aquatic vegetation. However, the preference and consumption rates of grass carp for the same species of aquatic plants can differ from place to place. This phenomenon was a mystery to grass carp researchers. This study revealed that the water chemistry of a lake could affect the “taste” of a plant and therefore its rate of consumption by grass carp. This information is being used in grass carp management across the United States.

Popular Articles

Bonar, S. A. 2004. The basics of sampling fish in lakes and ponds" Lakeline 24(1): 22-26

Bonar, S.A. 1998. Recent activities in warmwater fisheries research at the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Washington State B.A.S.S. Federation Newsletter 8(4):13. Reported recent progress on inland fisheries research projects such as: warmwater-salmon interactions, development of warmwater fish community survey protocols, and use of artificial structure to enhance warmwater fisheries in Washington lakes.

Bonar, S.A. 1998. New research on interactions between warmwater fish and salmon in Washington State. Washington State B.A.S.S. Federation Newsletter 8(1):10. Describes a new project at the WDFW examining interactions between warmwater fish and salmon in various Washington watersheds.

Bonar, S.A. 1997. New warmwater fisheries research in Washington State.

Washington State B.A.S.S. Federation Newsletter 7(2):12. Reported new warmwater fisheries research projects at the WDFW including: warmwater-salmon interactions, development of warmwater fish community survey protocols, and use of artificial structure to enhance warmwater fisheries in Washington lakes.

Bonar, S.A. 1997. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife reports results of grass carp study. Waterline. February/March/April: 4. Describes results of a statewide inland fisheries research study investigating grass carp impacts in 100 Washington lakes and associated lakefront property owner satisfaction.

Bonar, S.A. 1996. Why use rotenone in Washington lakes? Waterline. May/June/July: 6. Reports how and why rotenone is used to manage fish populations in Washington.

Bonar, S.A. 1994. Illegal stocking of fish in Washington lakes. Washington State B.A.S.S. Federation Newsletter. 4(2):14-15. Describes the dangers and penalties associated with illegally stocking fish.

Bonar, S.A. 1994. Personal fish stocking is illegal. Waterline. May/June: 4.Describes the dangers and penalties associated with illegally stocking fish.

Bonar, S.A. 1994. How do aquatic plants affect warmwater fishing? Washington State B.A.S.S. Federation Newsletter 4(4):12-13. Describes the role of aquatic plants in structuring a warmwater fish community.

Bonar, S.A. 1994. All you ever wanted to know about rotenone but were afraid to ask. Washington State B.A.S.S. Federation Newsletter 4(1):2,5. Reports how and why rotenone is used to manage fish populations in Washington.

Bonar, S.A. 1994. Anglers can help balance warmwater fish communities. Waterline, April. Describes how fishing pressure can impact structure of warmwater fish communities.

Bonar, S.A. 1993. Warmwater fish community balance and the Washington bass angler. Washington State B.A.S.S. Federation Newsletter (3)4 :14. Discusses the feeding ecology of largemouth bass in Washington lakes and how anglers can use this information.

Bonar , S.A. , and D. Fletcher. 1993. Chapters in Review: Washington. Improving angling and water clarity through predator manipulation. LakeLine 13(4):48. Describes a predator manipulation study near Yakima, Washington where Inland Research investigated the use of cascading trophic dynamics for algae control.