Dr Charles Gerba, The Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona

Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, the University of Arizona

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Dr. Charles P. Gerba

	Professor Phone: (520) 621-6906 Office: 429 Shantz Building Tucson, AZ 85721 Fax: (520) 621-1647 Email: gerba@ag.arizona.edu link to complete cv (as pdf) updated 08/2011
RESEARCH INTERESTS Environmental Microbiology, gene probes, water reuse, biocolloid transport in subsurfaces, virology, parasitology, risk assessment
EDUCATION Ph.D., Microbiology, 1973, University of Miami, Ccoral Gables, FL B.S., Microbiology, 1969, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ POSITIONS Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Virology and Epidemiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 1973 Assistant Professor of Environmental Virology, Department of Virology and Epidemiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 1974-1981 Adjunct Assistant Professor of Environmental Health, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77030 1976-1983 Associate Professor and Professor, Department of Nutrition and Food Science and University Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 1981-1990 Professor, Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 1990- Adjunct Professor, Department of Nutritional Sciences The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 1990- Adjunct Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 1993-2005 Adjunct Professor, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 2000- Adjunct Professor, Division of Environmental Health, Then University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 2010- HONORS Beta Beta Beta (biology scholastic honorary) Epsilon Tau Lambda (adult scholastic honorary: University of Miami) 1969-1972 National Institutes of Health Postdoctoral Traineeship 1973 Fellow, American Academy of Microbiology 1993 Waksman Lectureship Fellow, American Society for Microbiology 2005-2007 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science 2009 Fellow, International Water Association 2010 Listed in Who's Who in Technology Today, 1984, 1986, 1989 eds. Listed in International Who's Who in American Education, 1992-1993, 1995, 1996- 1997, eds. Listed in Who's Who in the West, 1987-present Listed in Who's Who in Emerging Leaders in America, 1989-1990, 1991-1992, eds. Listed in Who's Who in the World, 1989-1995-present Listed in American Men & Women of Science, 1992-1993, 1996-1997-present Listed in Who's Who in Science and Engineering, 1992-1993, 1996-1997, eds. Listed in Who's Who in America, 1994 - present Listed in Who’s Who in Medicine and Healthcare, 1997-1998-present AWARDS Outstanding Research Scientist Award, College of Agriculture, The University of Arizona 1984 Environmental Science and Engineering Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science 1984 Tribute of Appreciation, Criteria and Standards Division, Office of Drinking Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1984 Service Award for Public Health, Pima County Health Department 1984 Outstanding Team Research Award, College of Agriculture, The University of Arizona 1992 Co-Recipient of Mckee Award (for outstanding contribution to groundwater protection), Water Environmental Federation Recipient of the A.P. Black Research Award for outstanding contributions 1996 to Water Science, American Water Works Association Honorary Lifetime Membership Award for dedicated service to the water treatment industry, Water Quality Association 1997 Award of Excellence in Environmental Health for outstanding and innovative research program, The National Association of Country and City Health Officials 1998 Selected as one of the 21 most influential people in the water industry in the 21st century by Water Technology Magazine 2000 Best Paper Published in the Journal of the American Water Works Association, Water Resources Best Paper Published in the Journal of the American Water Works Association. Water Science and Research Division 2005 Shah Distinguished Lectureship in Risk Assessment, Stanford University 2005 Quentin Mees Research Award for outstanding research in applied water science Arizona Water Pollution Control Association 2007
PUBLICATIONS Books (11) Gerba, C.P., and S.M. Goyal (eds.). 1982. Methods in Environmental Virology. Marcel-Dekker, Inc., NY. Bitton, G., and C.P. Gerba (eds.). 1984. Groundwater Pollution Microbiology. John Wiley and Sons, NY. Goyal, S.M., C.P. Gerba, and G. Bitton. 1987. Phage Ecology. John Wiley and Sons, N.Y. Pepper, I.L., C.P. Gerba, and J.W. Brendecke. 1995. Environmental Microbiology - A Laboratory Manual. Academic Press, NY. Pepper, I.L., C.P. Gerba, and M.L. Brusseau,. 1996. Pollution Science. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Haas, C.N., J.B. Rose, and C.P. Gerba. 1999. Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment. John Wiley, NY. Maier, R.M., I.L. Pepper and C.P. Gerba. 2000. Environmental Microbiology. Academic Press, NY. Pepper, I.L., C.P. Gerba, and J.W. Brendecke. 2004. Environmental Microbiology - A Laboratory Manual. Second Edition. Academic Press, San Diego. Pepper, I. L., C. P. Gerba and M. L. Brusseau. 2006. Environmental and Pollution Science, Second Edition. Academic Press, San Diego. Maier, R.M., I.L. Pepper and C.P. Gerba. 2008. Environmental Microbiology. Second Edition. Academic Press, NY. PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL ARTICLES (337 total) –Last five years listed Reynolds, K. A., P. M. Watt, S. A. Boone and C. P. Gerba. 2005. Occurrence of bacteria and biochemical markers on public surfaces public surfaces. Intl. J. Environ. Hlth. Res. 15:225-234. Song, I., C. Y. Choi, S. O’Shaughnessy and C. P. Gerba. 2005. Effects of temperature and moisture on coliphage PRD-1 survival in soil. J. Food Protect. 68:2118-2122. Haas, C. N., J. R. Marie, J. B. Rose and C. P. Gerba. Assessment of benefits from use of antimicrobial hand products: reduction in risk from handling ground beef. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Hlth. 208:461-466. Boone, S. A. and C. P. Gerba. 2005. The occurrence of influenza A virus on household and day care center fomites. J. Infect. 51:102-109. Nwachuku, N. C. P. Gerba, A. Oswald and F. D. Mashadi. 2005. Comparative inactivation of adenovirus serotypes by UV light disinfection. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:5633-5636. Thurston-Enriquez, J. A., C. N. Haas, J. Jacangelo and C. P. Gerba. 2005. Inactivation of enteric adenovirus and feline calicivirus by ozone. Water Res. 39:3650-3666. Stine, S. W., I. Song, C. Y. Choi and C. P. Gerba. 2005. Application of microbial risk assessment to the development of standards for enteric pathogens in water used to irrigate fresh produce. J. Food Protect. 68:913-918. Brusseau, M. L., J. K. Oleen, J. Santamaria, L. Cheng, P. Orosz-Coghlan, A. S. Chetochine, W. J. Blanford, P. Rykwalder and C. P. Gerba. 2005. Transport of microsporidium Encephalitozoon intestinales spores in sandy loam porous media. Water Res. 39:3636-3642. John, D. E., C. N. Haas, N. Nwachuku and C. P. Gerba .2005. Chlorine and ozone disinfection of Encephalitozoon intestinalis spores. Water Res. 39:2369-2375. Blanford, W. J., M. L. Brusseau, T. C. J. Yeh, C. P. Gerba and R. Harvey. 2005. Influence of water chemistry and travel distance on bacteriophage PRD-1 transport in a sandy aquifer. Water Res. 39:2345-2357. Thurston-Enriquez, J. A., C. N. Haas, J. Jacangelo and C. P. Gerba. 2005. Inactivation of enteric adenovirus and feline calicivirus by chlorine dioxide. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:3100-3105. Zaleski, K. J., K. L. Josephson, C. P. Gerba and I. L. Pepper. 2005. Potential regrowth and recolonization of salmonellae and indicators in biosolids and biosolid-amended soil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:3701-3708. Brooks, J. P., B. D. Tanner, K. L. Josephson, C. P. Gerba, C. N. Haas and I. L. Pepper. 2005 A national study on the residential impact of biological aerosols from the land application of biosolids. J. Appl. Microbiol. 99:310-322. Stine, S. W., I. Song, C. Y. Choi and C. P. Gerba. 2005. The effect of relative humidity on preharvest survival of bacterial and viral pathogens on the surface of cantaloupe, lettuce, and bell peepers. J. Food Protect. 68:1352-1358. Gerba, C. P. and J. E. Smith. 2005. Sources of pathogenic microorganisms and their fate during land application of wastes. J. Environ. Qual. 34: 42-48. Zaleski, K. J., K. L. Josephson, C. P. Gerba and I. L. Pepper. 2005. Survival, growth and regrowth of enteric indicator and pathogenic bacteria in biosolids, compost, soil, and land applied biosolids. J. Residuals Sci. Technol. 2:49-63. Orosz-Coghlan, P. A., P. A. Rusin, M. M. Karpiscak and C. P. Gerba. 2006. Microbial source tracking of Escherichia coli in a constructed wetland. Res. J. Water Environ. Assoc. 78:227-232. Chetochine, A. S., M. L. Brusseau, C. P. Gerba and I. L. Pepper. 2006. Leaching of phage from class B biosolids and potential transport through soil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:665-671. Brooks, J. P., B. D. Tanner, C. P. Gerba and I. L. Pepper. 2006. The measurement of aerosolized endotoxin from land application of class B biosolids in southeastern Arizona. Can. J. Microbiol. 52:150-156. Song, I., S. W. Scott, C. Y. Choi and C. P. Gerba. 2006. Comparison of crop contamination by microorganisms during subsurface drip and furrow irrigation. J. Environ. Eng., 132:1243-1248. Yepiz-Gomez, M. S., K. R. Bright and C. P. Gerba. 2006. Bacterial occurrence on tabletops and in dishcloths used to wipe down tabletops in public restaurants and bars. Food Protect. Trends, 26:24-30 Al-Hmoud, N., S. A. O’Shaughnessy, W. Sulleiman, C. P. Gerba and C. Y. Choi. 2006. Disinfection of bacterial pathogens and indicators in biosolids in Jordan. J. Residuals Sci. Technol. 3:185-191. Pepper, I. L., J. P. Brooks and C. P. Gerba. 2006. Pathogens in biosolids. Adv. Agronomy, 90:1-40. Nwachuku, N. and C. P. Gerba. 2006. Health risks in children. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 186:1-56. Vidales-Contreras, C. P. Gerba, M. M. Karpaiscark, K. Acuna-Askar and C. Chaidez-Quiroz. 2006. Transport of coliphage PRD1 in a surface flow constructed wetland. Water Environ. Res. 78:2253-2260. Straub TM, K. Höner zu Bentrup, P. O. Orosz-Coghlan, A. Dohnalkova, B. K. Mayer, R. A. Bartholomew, C. O. Valdez, C. J. Bruckner-Lea, C. P. Gerba, M. Abbaszadgen and C. A. Nickerson. 2007. In vitro cell culture infectivity assay for human noroviruses. Emerg Infect Dis. 13:396-403. Jones, E. L. A. Kramer, M. Gaither and C. P. Gerba. 2007. The role of fomite contamination during an outbreak of norovirus on houseboats. Intl. J. Environ. Hlth. 17:1-9. Del Campo, N. C., I. L. Pepper and C. P. Gerba. 2007. Assessment of Salmonella growth in Class A biosolid mixtures. J. Resid. Sci Technol. 4:83-88. Boone, A. A. and C. P. Gerba. 2007. Significance of fomites in the spread of respiratory disease and enteric viral disease. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:1687-1696. I. L. Pepper. 2007. Occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and endotoxin associated with land application of biosolids. Canad. J. Microbiol. 53:616-622. Gerba, C. P. and D. Kennedy. 2007. Enteric virus survival during household laundering and impact of disinfection with sodium hypochlorite. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:4425-4428. Brooks, J. P., C. P. Gerba and I. L. Pepper. 2007. Diversity of aerosolized bacteria during land application of biosolids. J. Appl. Microbiol. 10:1779-1790. Silvestry-Rodriguez, N., K. R. Bright, D. R. Uhlmann, D. C. Slack and C. P. Gerba. 2007. Inactivation of Pseudommonas aeruginosa and Aeromonoas hydrophila by silver in water. J. Envion. Sci. Hlth. Part A. 42: 1579-1584. Silvestry-Rodriguez, N., K. E. E. Sicairos-Ruelas, C. P. Gerba and K.R. Bright. 2007. Silver as a disinfectant. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 191:23-45. Reynolds, K A., K. D. Mena and C. P. Gerba. 2008. Risk of waterborne illness via drinking water in the United States. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 192:117-158. Sinclair, R., S. A. Boone, D. Greenberg, P. Keim, and C. P. Gerba. 2008. Persistence of Category A select agents in the environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74:555-563. Silvestry-Rodriguez, N., K. R. Bright, D. C. Slack, D. R. Uhlmann, and C. P. Gerba. 2008. Silver as a residual disinfectant to prevent biofilm formation in water distribution systems. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 74:1639-1641. Kim, M., C. Y. Choi, and C. P. Gerba. 2008. Source tracking of microbial intrusion in water systems using artificial neural networks. Water Res., 42:1308-1314. Karim, M. R., E. P. Glenn and C. P. Gerba. 2008. The effect of wetland vegetation on the survival of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, bacteriophage MS-2 and polio virus. J. Water Hlth. 6:167-175. Gerba, C. P., J. E. Naranjo and E. L. Jones. 2008. Virus removal from water by a portable treatment device. Wilderness Environ. Med., 19:45-49. Rodriguez, R. A., P. M. Gundy and C. P. Gerba. 2008. Comparison of BGM and PLC/PRC/5 cell lines for total culturable viral assay of treated sewage. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74:2583-2587. Nwachuku, N. and C. P. Gerba. 2008. Occurrence and persistence of Escherichia coli 0157:H7. Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol., 7:267-273. Tanner, B. D., Brooks, J. P., Gerba, C. P, C. N. Haas, K. L. Josephson and I. L. Pepper. 2008. Estimated occupational risk from biosolids generated during land application of class B biosolids. J. Environ. Qual. 37:2311-2321. Gerba, C. P., Castro-del Campo, J. P. Brooks and I. L. Pepper. 2008. Exposure and risk assessment of Salmonella in recycled residuals. Water Sci. Technol. 57:1061-1065. Pepper, I. L., H. Zerzghi, J. P. Brooks and C. P. Gerba. 2008. Sustainability of land application of class B biosolids. J. Environ. Qual. 37:S58-S67. Blair, B., P. Dakar, K. R. Bright, F. Marciano-Cabral, and C. P. Gerba. 2008. Naeglaria fowleri in well water. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 14:1499-1500. Sinclair, R. G., C. Y. Choi, M. R. Riley and C. P. Gerba. 2009. Pathogen surveillance through monitoring of sewer systems. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 65:249-269. Rodriguez, R. A., I. L. Pepper and C. P. Gerba. 2009. Application of PCR-based methods to assess the infectivity of enteric viruses in environmental simples. Appl. Environ. Microbiol..75:297-307. Malek, M., E. Barzilay, A. Kramer, B. Camp, L.. Jaykus, B. Escudero-Abarca, G. Deric, P. White, C. Gerba, C. Higgins, J. Vinje, R. Glass, M. Lunch and M. Widdowson. 2009. Outbreak of norovirus infection among rafters associated with packaged delicatessen meat, Grand Canyon, 2005. Clinical Infect. Dis. 48:31-37. Mena, K. D. and C.P. Gerba. 2009. Waterborne adenovirus. Rev. Environ. Cont. Toxoicol. 198:133-167. Black, S., J. A. Thurston and C. P. Gerba. 2009. Determination of Ct values for chlorine of resistant enteroviruses. J. Environ. Sci. Hlth. 44:336-339. Kim, M., S. A. Boone and C. P. Gerba. 2009. Factors that influence the transport of Bacillus cereus spores through sand. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 199:151-157. Gundy, P. M., C. P. Gerba and I. L. Pepper.2009. Survival of coronavirus in water and wastewater. Food Environ. Virology, 1:10-14. Bright, K. B., E. E. Sicairos, P. M. Gundy and C. P. Gerba. 2009. Assessment of antiviral activity of zeolites containing metal. Food Environ. Virol., 1:37-41.. Clasen, T., J. Naranjo, D. Frauchiger and C. P. Gerba. 2009. Laboratory assessment of a gravity-fed ultrafiltration water treatment device designed for household use in low-income settings. Amer. J. Tropical Med.,80:819-823. Pepper, I. L., C. P. Gerba, D. T. Newby and C. W. Rice. 2009. Soil: a public health threat or savior? CRC Crit. Rev. Environ. Control., 39:416-432. Mena, K. D. and C. P. Gerba. 2009. Risk assessment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water. Rev. Environ. Cotamin. Toxicol. 201-71-115. Sinclair, R. G., P. Romero-Gomez, C. Y. Choi and C. P. Gerba. 2009. Assessment of MS-2 phage and salt tracers to characterize axial dispersion in water distribution systems. J. Environ. Sci. Hlth. 44:963-971. Bright, K. R., F. Marciano-Cabral and C. P. Gerba. 2009. Occurrence of Naegleria fowleri in Arizona drinking water supply wells. JAWWA. 101(11):43-50. Herzog, A. B., D. McLennan, A. K. Pandey, C. P. Gerba, C. N. Haas, J. B. Rose and S. A. Hashsham. 2009. Implications of limits of detection of various methods for Bacillus anthracis in computing risks to human health. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75:6331-6339. Rijal, G., C. Petropoulou, J. K. Tolson, M. DeFlaun, C. Gerba, R. Gore, T. Glymph, T. Granato, C. O’Conner, L. Kollias and R. Lanyon. 2009. Dry and wet weather microbial characterization of the Chicago area waterway system. Water Sci. Technol. 60:1847-1855. Jones, R. L., M. Gaither, A. Kramer and C. P. Gerba. 2009. An analysis of water quality in the Colorado River, 2003-04; an investigation into recurring outbreaks of norovirus among rafters. Wilderness. Environ. Med. 20:6-13. Miles, S. L., C. P. Gerba, I. L. Pepper and K. A. Reynolds. 2009. Point-of-use drinking water devices for assessing microbial contamination in finished water and distribution systems. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43:1425-1429. Fankem, L. M., L. Echevarria-Nunez, K. Riley and C. P. Gerba. 2009. Assessment of disinfectant performance in chicken cages using coliphages. Food Environ. Virol. 1:155-160. Marrero-Ortiz, R., K. R. Riley, M. K. Karpiscak and C. P. Gerba. 2009. Groundwater quality of individual wells in small systems in Arizona. JAWWA 101(9):89-100. Suleiman, W., C. P. Gerba, A. H. Tamimi, R. J. Freitias, A. Al Sheraideh and B. Hayek. 2010. Management practices and biosolid treatment and disposal in Jordan. J. Residuals Sci. Technol. 6:275-279. Bright, K. R., S. A. Boone and C. P. Gerba. 2010. Occurrence of bacteria, influenza A and norovirus on elementary classroom surfaces. J. School Nursing, 26:33-41. Kim, M., C. P. Gerba and C. Y. Choi. 2010. Assessment of physically-based data-driven models to predict microbial water quality in open channels. J. Environ. Sci. 22:851-857. Boone, A. A. and C. P. Gerba. 2010. The prevalence of human parainfluenza virus 1 on indoor office fomites. Food Environ. Virol. 2:41-46. Zeraghi, H., C. P. Gerba, J. P. Brooks and I. L. Pepper. 2010. Long-term effects of class B biosolids on soil microbial population, pathogens and activity. J. Environ. Qual. 39:402-408. Zeraghi, H., J. P. Brooks, C. P. Gerba and I. L. Pepper. 2010. Influence of long-term land application of class B biosolids on soil diversity. J. Apppl. Microbiol. 109:698-706. Castro-Del Campo, N., E. Espinoza, J. B. Valdez-Torres, C. P. Gerba and C. Chaidez. 2010. Comparison of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica survival in agricultural soil amended with vermicompost and class A biosolids. J. Residuals Sci. Technol. 7:81-85. Suleiman, W., C. P. Gerba, A. H. Tamimi, R. J. Freitas, A. Al Sheraideh and B. Hayek. 2010. Management of sludge and biosolid treatment and disposal in Jordan. J. Residuals and Technol. 7:63-67. Zerzghi, C. P. Gerba and I. L. Pepper. 2010. Long-term effects of land application of class B biosolids on soil chemical properties. J. Residuals Sci. Technol. 7:51-61. Mahanabis, M., K. A. Reynolds, I. L. Pepper and C. P. Gerba. 2010. Comparison of multiple passage titrated cell culture-PCR and cytopathogenic effects in cell culture for the assessment of poliovirus survival in water. Food Environ. Virology. 2:225-230. Vidals-Conteras, J., C. P. Gerba, M. M. Karpiscak, H. R. Fuenmtes, J. Escareno and C. Chaidez-Quiroz. 2010. Performance of a surface flow constructed wetland system used to treat secondary effluent and filter backwash water. Internatl. J. Agriculture Biol. 12:821-827. Pepper, I. L., J. P. Brooks, R. G. Sinclair, P. L. Gurian and C. P. Gerba. 2010. Pathogens and indicators in United States class B biosolids: national and historic distributions. J. Environ. Qual. 29:1-6. Miles, S. L., K. Takizawa, I. L. Pepper and C. P. Gerba. 2011. Survival of infectious prions in biosolids. J. Eviron. Sci. Hlth. Part A. 46: 1-7. Sinclair, R. G. and C. P. Gerba. 2011. Microbial contamination in kitchens and bathrooms of rural Cambodian village homes. Letters in Appl. Microbiol. 52:144-149. Rijal, G., J. K. Tolson, C. Petropoulou, T. C. Granato, A. Glymph, C. Gerba, M. F. Deflaun, C. O’Conner, L. Kollias and R. Lanyon. 2011. Microbial risk assessment for recreational use in the Chicago area waterway system. J. Water Hlth. 9:169-186. Gerba, C.P., A. Ross, K. Takizawa and I. L. Pepper. 2011. Efficiency of the method D4994-89 for recovery of enteric viruses from biosolids. Food Environ. Virol. 3:43-45. Chattman, M., S. L. Maxwell and C. P. Gerba. 2011. Occurrence of heterotrophic and coliform bacteria in liquid hand soaps from bulk refillable dispensers in public facilities. 73:(7)26-29. Zapata, C. A., E. J. Campbell, S. L. Maxwell, C. P. Gerba, M. J. Doyle, J. W. Arbogast and D. R. Macina. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77:2898-2904. Stine, S. C., I. Song, C. Y. Choi and C. P. Gerba. 2011. Application of pesticide sprays to fresh produce: a risk assessment for hepatitis A and Salmonella. Food Environ. Virol. 3:86-91. Alum, A., C. Enriquez and C. P. Gerba. 2011. Impact of drip irrigation method, soil, and virus type on tomato and cucumber contamination. Food Environ. Virol. 3:78-81. Miles, S. L., K. Takizawa, C. P. Gerba and I. L. Pepper. 2011. Survival of prions in water. J. Environ. Hlth, Part A. 46:938-943. Riley, M. R., C. P. Gerba and M. Elimelech. 2011. Biological approaches for addressing the grand challenge of providing access to clean drinking water. J. Biological Engr. 5:2:1-10. Onyango-Ouma, W. and C. P. Gerba. 2011. Away-from-home drinking water consumption practices and the microbiological quality of water consumed in rural western Kenya. J. Water Hlth., in press. Sexton, J. D., B. D. Tanner, S. L. Maxwell and C. P. Gerba. 2011. Reduction in the microbial load on high-touch surfaces in hospital rooms by treatment with a portable saturated steam vapor disinfection sysem. Am. J. Infect. Control, in press. BOOK CHAPTERS (80) Gerba, C.P. 1972. Microorganisms. The Effects of the Discharge of Secondarily Treated Sewage Into The Everglades Ecosystems (N. Chitty and C.W. Davis, eds.), Sea Grant Special Bulletin, No. 6. Sea Grant Information Services, University of Miami. Gerba, C.P., M.D. Sobsey, C. Wallis, and J.L. Melnick. 1974. Enhancement of poliovirus adsorption in wastewater onto activated carbon. Virus Survival in Water and Wastewater Systems, pp. 115-126, (J.F. Malina, Jr. and B.P. Sagik, eds.), Center for Research in Water Resources, Austin, TX. Wallis, C., C.P. Gerba, and J.L. Melnick. 1976. Photodynamic inactivation of viruses and bacteria in sewage effluents. In: Viruses in Water, pp. 180-188 (G. Berg, H.L. Bodily, E.H. Lennette, J.L. Melnick and T.G. Metcalf, eds.). American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C. Melnick, J.L., C.P. Gerba, C. Wallis, and M.F. Hobbs. 1977. Photodynamic inactivation of virus in sewage. In: Virus Aspects of Applying Municipal Wastes to Land, pp. 25-36, Center for Environmental Programs, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Melnick, J.L., C.P. Gerba, and S.M. Goyal. 1977. Pathogens. In: Process Design Manual for Land Treatment of Municipal Wastewater, Appendix D. Environmental Protection Agency, Technology Transfer. Lance, J.C., and C.P. Gerba. 1978. Pretreatment requirements for land application of wastewater. In: State of Knowledge in Land Treatment of Wastewater, Vol. 1, pp. 293-304 (H.L. McKim, ed.) U.S. Government Printing Office. 700-171/123. Gerba, C.P., and S.M. Goyal. 1978. Adsorption of selected enteroviruses to soils. In: State of Knowledge in Land Treatment of Wastewater, Vol. 2, pp. 225-232 (H.L. McKim, ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office. 700-171/123. Gerba, C.P., E.M. Smith, G.E. Schaiberger, and T.D. Edmond. 1979. Field evaluation of methods for the detection of enteric viruses in marine sediments. In: Methodology for Biomass Determinations and Microbial Activity in Sediments (C.D. Litchfield and P.L. Seyfied, eds.), pp. 64-67. Gerba, C.P., S.M. Goyal, R.L. LaBelle, I. Cech, and G.F. Bogdan. 1980. Indicator bacteria and the occurrence of enteroviruses in marine waters. In: Microbiology - 1980 (D. Schlessinger, ed.) pp. 380-381. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC. Gerba, C.P., S.M. Goyal, R.L. LaBelle, I. Cech, and G.F. Bogdon. 1980. Indicator bacteria and the occurrence of viruses in marine waters. In: Aquatic Microbial Ecology (R.R. Colwell and J. Foster, eds.) pp. 348-355. Sea Grant Program, University of Maryland. Gerba, C.P., and J.C. Lance. 1980. Pathogen removal from wastewater during ground water recharge. In: Wastewater Reuse for Groundwater Recharge (T. Asano and P.V. Roberts, eds.) pp. 137-144. Office of Water Recycling, California State Water Resources Control Board. Goyal, S.M., and C.P. Gerba. 1981. Membrane filters in virology. In: Membrane Filtration Applications, Techniques and Problems (B. Dutka, ed.) pp. 219-251. Marcel Dekker, NY. Gerba, C.P., and B.H. Keswick. 1981. Survival and transport of enteric viruses in groundwater. In: Quality of Groundwater, (W. Van Duijvenbooden, P. Glasbergen and H. Van Leyveld, eds.) pp. 511-515. Elsevier, Amsterdam. Gerba, C.P., and S.M. Goyal. 1981. Potential for groundwater contamination by algal endotoxins. In: The Water Environment: Algal Toxins and Health, (W.W. Carmichael, ed.) pp. 303-314. Plenum Press, NY. Gerba, C.P. 1981. Virus survival in wastewater treatment. In: Viruses and Wastewater Treatment (M.R. Goddard and M. Butler, eds.) pp. 39-48. Pergamon Press, NY. Janauer, G.E., C.P. Gerba, W.C. Ghiorse, M. Costello, and E.M. Heurich. 1981. Insoluble polymeric contact disinfectants; an alternative approach to water disinfection. In: Chemistry in Water Reuse. (W.V. Cooper, ed.) pp. 501-522. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI. Smith, E.M., and C.P. Gerba. 1982. Laboratory methods for the growth and detection of animal viruses. In: Methods in Environmental Virology, (C.P. Gerba and S.M. Goyal, eds.) pp. 15-47, Marcel-Dekker, Inc., NY. Goyal, S.M., and C.P. Gerba. 1982. Concentration of viruses from water by membrane filters. In: Methods in Environmental Virology. (C.P. Gerba and S.M. Goyal, eds.) pp. 59-116, Marcel-Dekker, Inc., NY. Gerba, C.P. 1982. Detection of viruses in soil and aquatic sediments. In: Methods in Environmental Virology, (C.P. Gerba and S.M. Goyal, eds.) pp. 151-160, Marcel-Dekker, Inc., NY. Lance, J.C., and C.P. Gerba. 1982. Virus removal with land filtration. In: Water Reuse (E.J. Middlebrooks, ed.) pp. 641-660. Ann Arbor Sci. Pub., Ann Arbor, MI. Gerba, C.P. 1983. Methods for recovering viruses from the water environment. In: Viral Pollution of the Environment. (G. Berg, ed.) pp. 19-35, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Bitton, G., and C.P. Gerba. 1984. Groundwater pollution microbiology: the emerging issue. In: Groundwater Pollution Microbiology. (G. Bitton and C.P. Gerba, eds.) pp. 1-7, John Wiley and Sons, NY. Gerba, C.P., and G. Bitton. 1984. Microbial pollutants: their survival and transport in groundwater. In: Groundwater Pollution Microbiology. (G. Bitton and C.P. Gerba, eds.) pp. 65-88. John Wiley and Sons, NY. Gerba, C.P. 1984. Microorganisms as ground water tracers. In: Ground Water Pollution Microbiology. (G. Bitton and C.P. Gerba, eds.), pp. 225-233. John Wiley and Sons, N.Y. Gerba, C.P. 1985. Microbiological contamination of the subsurface. In: Groundwater Quality Research. (C.H. Ward, W. Giger, and P.L. McCarty, eds.) pp. 53-67. John Wiley and Sons, NY. Gerba, C.P., and S.M. Goyal. 1985. Pathogen removal from wastewater during groundwater recharge. In: Artificial Recharge of Groundwater. (T. Asano, ed.) pp. 283-317, Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI. Rose, J.B., and C.P. Gerba. 1986. A review of viruses in treated drinking water. Current Practices in Environmental Science and Engineering (A. Singh and U.S. Sharma, eds.) 2:119-141. Gerba, C.P. 1987. Transport and fate of viruses in soils: Field Studies. In: Human Viruses in Sediments, Sludges and Soils, (V.C. Rao, ed.) pp. 141-154, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Gerba, C.P. 1987. Recovering viruses from sewage, effluents and water. In: Methods for Recovering Viruses from the Environment (G. Berg, ed.) pp. 1-23, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Gerba, C.P. 1987. Phages as indicators of fecal pollution. In: Phage Ecology, pp. 197-209. (S.M. Goyal, G. Bitton, and C.P. Gerba, eds.) John Wiley and Sons, NY. Gerba, C.P., and C.N. Hass. 1988. Assessment of risks associated with enteric viruses in contaminated drinking water. In: Chemical and Biological Characterization of Sludges, Sediments, Dredge and Drilling Muds. (J.J. Lichtenberg, J.A. Winter, C.I. Weber, and L. Fradkin, eds.) pp. 489-494, American Society for Testing Materials, Washington, DC. Gerba, C.P. 1988. Methods for virus sampling and analysis of groundwater. In: Groundwater Contamination Field Methods, (A.G. Collins and A.I. Johnson, eds). American Society for Testing Materials, Washington, DC, pp. 343-348. Margolin, A.B., K.J. Richardson, R. DeLeon, and C.P. Gerba. 1989. Application of gene probes to the detection of enteroviruses in groundwater. In: Biohazards in Drinking Water Treatment, (R.A. Larson, ed.) pp 265-270. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI. Calabrese, E.J., J. Borzelleca, D. Brown, R. Bull, W.D. Burrows, A. Furst, C. Gerba, S. Schaub, E. Singley, V. Snoeyink, R. Tardiff, and R. Trussell. 1989. Disinfection. In: Health Effects of Drinking Water Treatment Technologies. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI. Gerba, C.P., and J.B. Rose. 1990. Viruses in source and drinking water. In: Drinking Water Microbiology. (G.A. McFeters, ed.) Science Tech., Inc., Madison, WI, pp. 380-396. DeLeon, R., and C.P. Gerba. 1990. Viral disease transmission by seafood. In: Food Contamination from Environmental Sources. (J.O. Hriagu and M.S. Simmons, eds.) pp. 639-662, J.Wiley & Sons, Inc. NY. Gerba, C.P., M.Y. Yates, and S.R. Yates. 1991. Quantitation of factors controlling viral and microbial transport in the subsurface. In: Modeling the Environmental Fate of Microorganisms. (C. Hurst, ed.) American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, pp. 77-88. DeFlaun, M.F., and C.P. Gerba. 1993. Monitoring rDNA microorganisms and viruses in soil. In: Soil Microbial Technologies. (B. Metting, ed.) Marcel Dekker, N.Y., pp. 131-150. Gerba, C.P., and J.B. Rose. 1993. Estimating viral disease risk from drinking water. In: The Quantitative Ranking of Environmental Problems According to Risk. (C. R. Cothern, ed.) Lewis Publishers, Ann Arbor, MI., pp. 117-135. Powelson, D.K., and C.P. Gerba. 1995. Fate and transport of microorganisms in the vadose zone, in Handbook of Vadose Zone Characterization and Monitoring (L.G. Wilson, L.G. Everett, and S.J. Cullen, eds.), pp. 123-135. Gerba, C.P. 1996. Pathogens in the environment. In: Pollution Science. I.L. Pepper, C.P. Gerba, and M.L. Brusseau, eds. pp. 279-299. John Wiley, NY Gerba, C.P. 1996. Municipal waste and drinking water treatment. In: Pollution Science. I.L. Pepper, C.P. Gerba, and M.L. Brusseau, eds. pp. 301-319. John Wiley, NY. Gerba. C.P. 1996. Principles of Toxicology. In: Pollution Science. I.L. Pepper, C.P. Gerba, and M.L. Brusseau, eds. pp. 323-344. John Wiley, NY. Gerba, C.P. 1996. Risk Assessment. In: Pollution Science. I.L. Pepper, C.P. Gerba, and M.L. Brusseau, eds. pp. 345-364. John Wiley, NY. Gerba, C.P. 1996. State and Federal Laws and Regulations. In: Pollution Science. I.L. Pepper, C.P. Gerba, and M.L. Brusseau, eds. pp. 365-369. John Wiley, NY. Pepper, I.L., C.P. Gerba, and M.L. Brusseau. 1996. Pollution in the 21st Century. In: Pollution Science. I.L. Pepper, C.P. Gerba, and M.L. Brusseau. pp. 371-376. John Wiley, NY. Gerba, C.P. 1996. Microbial pathogens in municipal solid waste. In: Microbiology of Solid Waste (A.C. Palmesano and M.A. Barley, eds), pp. 155-173. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Pepper, I.L., T.M. Straub, and C.P. Gerba. 1996. Detection of microorganisms in soils and sludges. In: Environmental Applications of Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques (G.A. Torenzo, ed.), pp. 95-111, Technomic Publishers, NY. Yates, M.Y., and C.P. Gerba. 1998. Microbial considerations in wastewater reclamation and reuse. In: Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse. T. Asano, ed. pp. 437-488. Technomic, Lancester, PA. Gerba, C.P. 2002. Enteroviruses: basic biology and disease. In: Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology, G. Bitton, ed. pp. 1146-1156. John Wiley, NY Karim, M. R. and C. P. Gerba. 2002. Fate of viruses and protozoan parasites in aquatic sediments. In: Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology, G. Bitton, ed. pp. 1252-1256. John Wiley, NY. Gerba, C. P. 2004. Risk assessment and environmental regulations. In: Environmental Monitoring and Remediation, J. Artiola, I. L. Pepper and M. Brusseau, eds. pp. 377-392. Academic Press, San Diego. Gerba, C. P. and I. L. Pepper. 2004. Microbial contaminates. In: Environmental Monitoring and Remediation, J. Artiola, I. L. Pepper and M. Brusseau, eds. pp. 313-333. Academic Press, San Diego. Gerba, C. P., C. Rensing and C. P. Gerba. 2004. Microbiological properties and processes. In: Environmental Monitoring and Remediation, J. Artiola, I. L. Pepper and M. Brusseau, eds. pp. 263-280. Academic Press, San Diego. Mena, K. D., J. B. Rose and C. P. Gerba. 2004 Addressing microbial food safety issues quantitatively: a risk assessment approach. In: Preharvest and Postharvest Food Safety. R. C. Beier, S. D. Pillai, T. D. Phillips and R. L. Ziprin., eds. Blackwell. Ames IA. Gerba, C. P. 2005. Pathogens. In: Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences. M. G. Anderson, ed. Chapter 98, pp. 981-911 Wiley, NY. Gerba, C. P. Survival of viruses in the marine environment. In: Oceans and Health: Pathogens in the Marine Environment. S. Belkin and R. Colwell, eds. pp. 133-141. Springer, NY. Gerba, C. P. 2005. Enteric viruses in biosolids. Infectious Disease Agents in Sewage Sludge and Manure. J. E. Smith, P. D. Millner, W. Jakubowski, N. Goldstein and R. Rynk., eds. pp. 93-99. JG Press. Emmaus, PA. Gerba, C. P. 2006. Food Virology: Past, Present and Future. In: Viruses in Foods. S. M. Goyal, Ed. pp. 1-4. Springer, NY. Gerba, C. P. and C. Y. Choi. 2006. Role of irrigation in crop contamination by viruses. In: Viruses in Foods. S. M. Goyal, ed. pp. 257-263. Pepper, I. L., C. P. Gerba and M. L. Brusseau. 2006. The extent of global pollution. In: Environmental and Pollution Science, 2nd ed. I. L. Pepper, C. P. Gerba and M. L. Brusseau, eds. pp. 3-12. Academic Press, San Diego. Gerba, C. P. and I. L. Pepper. 2006. Microbial contaminants. In: Environmental and Pollution Science, 2nd ed. I. L. Pepper, C. P. Gerba and M. L. Brusseau, eds. pp. 144-169 Academic Press, San Diego. Gerba, C. P. 2006. Toxicology. In: Environmental and Pollution Science, 2nd ed. I. L. Pepper, C. P. Gerba and M. L. Brusseau, eds. pp. 183-211. Academic Press, San Diego. Gerba, C. P. 2006. Risk Assessment. In: Environmental and Pollution Science, 2nd ed. I. L. Pepper, C. P. Gerba and M. L. Brusseau, eds. pp. 212-232. Academic Press, San Diego. Gerba, C. P. and C. Straub. 2006. Environmental law and regulations. In: Environmental and Pollution Science, 2nd ed. I. L. Pepper, C. P. Gerba and M. L. Brusseau, eds. pp. 233-240. Academic Press, San Diego. Gerba, C. P. 2006. Municipal wastewater treatment. In: Environmental and Pollution Science, 2nd ed. I. L. Pepper, C. P. Gerba and M. L. Brusseau, eds. pp. 429-450. Academic Press, San Diego. Gerba, C. P. and I. L. Pepper. 2006. Land application of biosolids and animal wastes. In: Environmental and Pollution Science, 2nd ed. I. L. Pepper, C. P. Gerba and M. L. Brusseau, eds. pp. 451-467. Academic Press, San Diego. Pepper, I. L., C. P. Gerba and M. L. Brusseau. 2006. Epilogue: Is the future of pollution history? In: Environmental and Pollution Science, 2nd ed. I. L. Pepper, C. P. Gerba and M. L. Brusseau, eds. pp. 516-520. Academic Press, San Diego. Gerba, C. P. 2006. Hepatitis E virus. In: Waterborne Pathogens, 2nd ed. Pp.279-280. American Water Works Association. Denver, CO. Gerba, C. P. 2006. Enteroviruses and parechoviruses. In: Waterborne Pathogens, 2nd ed. Pp. 267-271. American Water Works Association. Denver, CO. Gerba, C. P. 2006. Emerging viruses. In: Waterborne Pathogens, 2nd ed. Pp. 263-265. American Water Works Association. Denver, CO. Gerba, C. P. 2006. Bacteriophage as pollution indicators. In: The Bacteriophages, 2nd ed. R. Calendar, ed. pp.695-701. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. Gerba, C. P. 2007. Virus occurrence and survival in the environmental waters. In: Human Viruses in Water. A. Bosch, ed. pp. 91-108. Elsevier, Amsterdam. Gerba, C. P. and C. A. Scott. 2008. Animal and human waste as vehicles for cross-contamination of imported foods. In: Microbiological Issues and Challenges. M. P. Doyle and M. C. Erickson. pp.113-138. ASM Press, Washington, DC. Gerba, C. P. 2008. Adenoviruses. Encyclopedia of Public Health. Elsevier, NY., in press. Gerba, C. P. 2008. Pathogen removal. In: Biological Wastewater Treatment, Modeling and Design. M. Henze, M. C. M. Loosdrecht, G. A. Ekman and D. Brdjanovic (eds.). pp. 221- 243. IWA Publishing, London. Gerba, C. P. and C. Y. Choi. 2009. Water quality. In: The Produce Contamination Problem. Causes and Solutions. G. M. Sapers, E. B. Solomon and K. R. Matthews. (eds.) pp. 105-118. Academic Press. San Diego, CA. Gerba, C. P. 2009. The role of water and water testing in produce safety. In: Microbial Safety of Fresh Produce. X. Fan, B. A. Niemira, C. J. Doona, F. E. Feeberry and R. B. Gravanni (eds.). pp.129-142. IFT Press, Ames, IA. Gerba, C. P. and R. R. Rodriguez. 2010. Adenoviruses. In: Molecular Detection of Human Viral Pathogens. D. Liu (ed.).pp. 891-897. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.