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GRADUATE
STUDENT HANDBOOK Graduate Study
Tucson, Arizona
Mark
L. Brusseau, Judi
Ellwanger, Jeffrey
C. Silvertooth, World Wide Website: http://ag.arizona.edu/SWES/
Judi
Ellwanger PHONE:
(520) 621–1646 INTRODUCTION The Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science (SWES) brings together a faculty of outstanding scientists, distinguished by their understanding of soil, water, and the environment, and their ability to carry out research and planning towards the solution of environmental and resource use problems. The department offers graduate work leading to the Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in Soil, Water and Environmental Science, with focal areas in either environmental science or soil and water science. Approximately 70 graduate students are enrolled in the department. In addition, there are approximately 75 undergraduate students in the department, the majority of which are majoring in Environmental Science. Graduate study in the Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science is open to students with undergraduate preparation in biological, chemical, physical, earth, or engineering sciences. Students with other backgrounds can be accepted into the program, with course deficiencies noted. Graduate research assistantships are available to students with outstanding potential. A limited number of teaching assistantships are also available. The total enrollment at the University of Arizona is over 35,000; thus, the University is of a size that offers a wide range of academic and extra-curricular programs. Tucson is a metropolitan area of about 700,000 people situated in a desert valley ringed by mountains which rise to 3,000 meters. The University of Arizona is an equal opportunity employer authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function without regard to race, color, sex or national origin. MAJOR PROGRAM AREAS
Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science The University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona The main focus of the Department is Environmental, Soil, and Water Science. The Department research activities are focused around three areas: 1) subsurface
science, with emphasis on physical, chemical, and microbiological processes;
The specific program areas in the department include: Contaminant Hydrology: Transport and fate of contaminants (organic/inorganic chemicals, and bacteria/viruses) in soil and groundwater; transport modeling Contaminant Remediation: Pump and treat; bioremediation; soil venting; soil bioreactors; innovative technologies Ecosystem Restoration: Phytoremediation; salt-tolerant plants; re-vegetation Environmental Chemistry: Analytical methods; sorption of chemicals; phase partitioning Environmental Microbiology: Biodegradation of organic compounds; molecular/genetic techniques Remote Sensing: Remote sensing, canopy modeling, terrestrial biophysics, global change Soil-Water-Atmosphere Relations: Evapotranspiration; irrigation; leaching; plant water stress; crop production research; spatial variability; water use efficiency Soil and Water Quality: Hazardous-waste chemistry; salinity; soil/groundwater contamination, water-borne pathogens, water quality Soil Biology and Biochemistry: Molecular approaches to microbial ecology; pathogen detection; rhizosphere biology; N2-fixation Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition: Plant responses to N and P; nitrogen movement; denitrification losses; N-tracer chemistry; nutrient availability; fertilizer use efficiency Soil Morphology, Genesis, Classification and Survey: Micromorphology; soil mineralogy; soil mapping; soil erosion; GIS; remote sensing in soil survey Vadose Zone Hydrology: Processes and phenomena relating to transport and retention of water, between the ground surface and permanent water table Waste Disposal and Management: Land treatment; land reclamation; waste-water reuse; waste management; air-pollution abatement SOIL,
WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FACULTY
FACULTY RESEARCH INTERESTS
ADMISSION
POLICIES
Application for Admission Applications
must be on forms furnished by the Graduate College. Application and
transcripts should be on file at least 4-6 months prior to registration.
An application processing fee of $45.00 is required with the application.
A check or money order should be made payable to: Graduate College,
University of Arizona. Domestic applications are due by June 1, for
the Fall Semester, and August 1, for the Spring Semester; International
applications are due February 1, for the Fall Semester, and August 1,
for the Spring Semester. Admission is open to all qualified applicants who hold a bachelors degree from the University of Arizona or from a college or university that grants degrees recognized by the University of Arizona. To receive
full consideration for financial support (i.e., RA, TA), it is recommended
that the application be filed by February 15 and July 15, for the coming
Fall and Spring Semesters, respectively. No decision on financial support
will be made until a complete application has been submitted to both
the department and the Graduate College. a) Regular Graduate Status—Students who meet all admission requirements may be admitted to Regular Graduate Status to undertake work leading to an advanced degree. b) Admission with Deficiencies—An additional number of undergraduate courses may be required when previous work has not approximated the general requirements to pursue an advanced degree in the Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science. c) Provisional Admission—Provisional admission indicates some reservation on the part of the Graduate College or Department with regard to the applicant's qualifications to undertake graduate work leading to an advanced degree. Regular status can be achieved after completion of nine credits of graduate work with superior grades. d) International Special Status—Students admitted to this status are full-time students, taking a minimum of nine hours of credit per semester. Those units may be in appropriate courses at either the undergraduate or graduate level. At the conclusion of the student's first semester in residence, the Graduate College and the Department will evaluate the student's progress and decide on the change to regular status. e) Graduate Nondegree Status—Individuals holding a bachelor's degree, or its equivalent, may attend graduate-level courses without being admitted to a graduate degree program. Note that a maximum of 12 units of course work taken while in this status may be applied, with approval of the department, to the graduate degree.
The Graduate Coordinator, a faculty member appointed by the Department Head, will process all applications. The academic record of each applicant will be reviewed by an ad hoc committee of at least three faculty appointed by the Coordinator. Admission is competitive and normally no candidate with a grade point average below 3.00 over the last 60 units of course work will be considered. The GRE is required for all applicants. A TOEFL score of 550 or better is required of all international students. The Coordinator will ultimately give a recommendation to the Department Head on the applicant's suitability for graduate work. Any course deficiencies will be noted. Admission is also subject to the availability of space and facilities. PREREQUISITES and DEFICIENCIES For students intending to major in Environmental Science the minimum undergraduate preparation includes the following courses (or equivalent): UA Course Numbers Course Description Chemistry 103a, 104a Fundamentals of Chemistry—(Lec & Lab) Chemistry 103b, 104b Fundamentals of Chemistry—(Lec &Llab) Chemistry 241a Organic Chemistry—(Lec) Chemistry 322, 323 Principles of Analysis—(Lec & Lab) Physics 102, 181 Introductory Physics—(Lec & Lab) MIC 205 R Biology of Microorganisms—(Lec) Math 125, 129 Calculus I and II Geoscience 251 Physical Geology—(Lec), or or, SWES 200 Soils—(Lec) For students
intending to major in Soil and Water Science the minimum
undergraduate preparation includes the following courses (or equivalent): Chemistry 103a and 104a Fundamentals of Chemistry—(Lec and Lab) Chemistry 241a Organic Chemistry Lecture—(Lec) Chemistry 322, 323 Principles of Analysis—(Lec and Lab) MIC 205 R Biology of Microorganisms—(Lec) or Biology 181R Introductory Biology—(Lec) Physics 102, and 181 Introductory Physics—(Lec & Lab) Math 125 and Math 129 Calculus I and II Geoscience 251 Physical Geology SWES 200
and 201 Soils—(Lec & Lab) It is advantageous to take immediate steps toward removing any deficiencies noted, within the first two semesters. Students should check with their advisory committee prior to the first registration, as to the exact nature of such deficiencies, and obtain the committee's recommendation for their elimination. No course deficiency can be eliminated on the pass-fail grading system except by specific written approval from the Department Head, and prior recommendation by the student's advisory committee. Normally, a grade of "C" or better must be obtained to satisfy deficiency requirements. GENERAL
DEPARTMENT POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Major Advisor—Advisory Research Committee The advisory committee is responsible for guiding each student's academic program, including all examinations. The major advisor is someone within the student's general study area. With the help of the major advisor and concurrence of the committee members, two additional members from appropriate areas will be identified to complete the student's Advisory Committee. The minimum
number of committee members is three, but more may be added as necessary.
The advisor/director, and one other member, must be faculty members
in the Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, with expertise
in the immediate field of research. The student may also have a co-director
or committee member outside the department, provided that he or she
has acceptable credentials. The usual
minimum load for full-time graduate students is ten units of graduate
credit. For graduate students on an assistantship or associateship,
the required minimum is ten units of graduate credit. The Graduate
College has specific regulations on grades necessary for continuing
in a degree program and other forms of scholarship requirements. Please
read the current Graduate Catalog carefully. The Department follows
these regulations. Should the grade point average fall below a 3.00,
the student will be placed on probation. If at the end of the following
semester the cumulative average is still less than 3.00, the Department
will request the termination of graduate studies. According to departmental
policy, a student on academic probation cannot hold a scholarship, fellowship,
assistantship, or an associateship during the period of probation. The general policy of the department on financial aid is that a student pursuing a M.S. degree will receive two years of support at most, and those pursuing a Ph.D. degree will receive no more than three to four years of support. In specific situations, the length of support may be less, or greater than, those stated. The department encourages full-time students to complete their study programs in two years for M.S. degrees and three to four years for Ph.D. degrees.
in Soil, Water and Environmental Science General Requirements The department program leading to the Master of Science degree requires a minimum of 30 units of graduate credit, including thesis units. Not less than 15 units must be in the major field, and at least 15 units must be from courses in which letter grades have been earned. All graduate students are required to attend weekly department seminars (SWES 696A); however, graduate credit is given for only one semester. All Master's
degree programs require that a minimum of 12 units of work be conducted
at the University campus in Tucson. A total of 12 units of graduate
credit earned as an undergraduate senior, in graduate non-degree status,
and/or transferred from an accredited institution, can be applied for
credit toward a master's degree. Up to 8 additional graduate credits
earned in graduate non-degree status can be applied for credit toward
a master's degree if they were taken at the University of Arizona as
part of a post-baccalaureate graduate certificate program that is on
file with the Curriculum Office and approved for application toward
the master's degree by the department offering the master degree. Course
work must have grades of A or B. Graduate students may, with the approval
of their advisors and the department head, use up to six units of 400-level
course work in the graduate degree program in areas outside of Soil,
Water and Environmental Science. These courses can be applied toward
fulfilling the total credit requirement, but do not receive graduate
credit. The core course requirements for the M.S. degree with a major in Soil and Water Science are met by completing any four of the five following courses: SWES 511 Soil Chemistry SWES 525 Environmental Microbiology SWES 531 Soil Morphology SWES 570 Soil Physics SWES
602 Soil-Plant Relationships SWES 525 Environmental Microbiology SWES 564 Environmental Chemistry SWES 520 Environmental Physics For each
major area, additional courses are required; these are selected from
the approved optional-course lists. Areas of emphasis are available
in Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology, Environmental
Pollution Science, and General Environmental Science. In conjunction
with his/her major professor or advisor, each student is responsible
for developing a written Plan of Study. This Plan is to be filed with
the Graduate College by the end of the second semester in residence.
The Plan of Study should identify (1) courses the student intends to
transfer from other institutions, (2) courses already completed at The
University of Arizona which the student intends to apply toward a graduate
degree, and (3) additional courses the student plans to complete to
fulfill degree requirements. The Plan of Study must have the signature
approval of the student's major professor and department head (or chair
of the graduate committee) before it is submitted to the Graduate College.
If necessary, the plan can be changed later on the Master's Completion
of Degree Requirements form. Evidence
of academic and research abilities are verified by presenting research
results in a formal Master's thesis to the Department. By the end of
the second semester in residence, a research topic should be chosen
by the student in consultation with their committee. From two to eight
units of thesis research (SW 910) can be earned for the preparation
of either document, which are counted as part of the 30 minimum units
required for the Master's degree. The Master's
final exam in the Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science
involves a defense of the thesis, and submission of the Master's Completion
of Degree Requirements form to the Graduate College. Master's examination
committees consist of at least three members. At least two members must
be tenure-track faculty at the rank of Assistant Professor or higher,
and at least two must hold faculty appointments in the Department of
Soil, Water, and Environmental Science. If the candidate fails the final
exam, a second exam may be granted no sooner than four months from the
date of the first exam. PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS FOR A PH.D. DEGREE in Soil, Water and Environmental Science General The equivalent of at least six semesters of full-time study are required. At least two full-time semesters (i.e., at least 10 units each semester), and at least 30 credits of graduate work must be completed at the University of Arizona. For students holding graduate assistantships, the residence requirement can be met by four semesters, during each of which they register for six or more units of graduate credit. A master's degree from another institution, and additional graduate credit for which grades of A or B were obtained, may be transferable with the approval of the Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, and the Graduate College. Degree requirements must be met within 10 years of the earliest course work appearing on your program of study. At least
36 units of course work, exclusive of dissertation units, must be in
the major subject area. A minor course of study is also required; this
usually constitutes at least nine units. A minimum of 18 units of dissertation
research (SW 920) must be completed during the conduct of the dissertation.
Thus, a minimum of 63 total units is required for the Ph.D. At least
one half of these units must be from courses in which letter grades
have been earned. Up to six units may consist of 400-level courses taken
outside of the department.
Plan of Study By the end of the first semester, students should develop a list of courses for their Ph.D. graduate program, in conjunction with, and final approval by, the student's major professor and graduate committee. Suitable courses from other departments can be included in the major program. Requirements for the minor are determined by the appropriate department, but usually consist of a minimum of 9 to 15 units. The student
is then responsible for completing the official Plan of Study. After
approval by the Major Department Head/Major Advisor and Minor Department
Head/Minor Advisor, the Plan of Study form is to be filed with the Graduate
College by the end of the third semester in residence. The Plan of Study
should identify (1) courses the student intends to transfer from other
institutions, (2) courses already completed at The University of Arizona
which the student intends to apply toward a graduate degree, and (3)
additional courses the student plans to complete to fulfill degree requirements.
The Plan of Study must have the signature approval of the student's
major professor and department head (or chair of the graduate committee)
before it is submitted to the Graduate College. The minimum course requirements for the Ph.D. with majors in Soil and Water Science or Environmental Science are as follows: – M.S. core requirements – Additional course work in Major – Two seminars (SWES 696a); OR: one semester of SWES 696a, plus one semester as a teaching assistant or proctor; OR: one semester of SWES 696a plus one semester of seminar from another department. – 18 units of dissertation (SWES 920), with a maximum of 9 units during any regular semester – Minimum 9 units of course work in the Minor (See Minor Department for requirements) Students
are allowed to use six units of 400-level course work in the minor area.
The 400-level courses in the minor program are accepted toward fulfilling
the requirements for total number of units in the student's program
of study. However, 400-level courses DO NOT receive graduate
credit, and are not calculated in the cumulative GPA. Minors The Department
of Soil, Water and Environmental Science recommends, but does not require
proficiency in a foreign language. Before admission to candidacy for the degree, the student must pass a general examination in the chosen fields of study. The Oral Comprehensive Examination is intended to test the student's general fundamental knowledge of the fields of the major and minor subjects of study. It shall include written portions covering the major and minor fields and, not later than six months after successful completion of the first of these portions, an oral portion, which shall be conducted before a committee of the faculty appointed by the Dean of the Graduate College upon consultation with the major and minor department. The Graduate Council has indicated that the student should be examined for competence in two ways: (a) in breadth across the general field of study, and (b) in depth within the area of specialization. As a standard of successful performance, the examining committee should question whether the student has demonstrated the professional level of knowledge expected of a junior academic colleague. As in the past, the examination must contain both written and oral components. The Oral Comprehensive Examination is not intended as the vehicle for defense of the dissertation prospectus. Although discussion of the dissertation project may be appropriate, the Council instructs specifically that the examination should foremost be comprehensive and integrative in relation to the knowledge of the field and specialization and should exclude other than brief consideration of the dissertation project. Defense of the dissertation prospectus should be conducted in other formal meetings deemed appropriate by individual departments. It is not uncommon on the campus for a student's Comprehensive Examination committee to have a different membership than his/her dissertation committee (prospectus and final defense, or both). Written guidelines for conducting the exam are available from the office. The timing of the Oral Comprehensive Examination should come late enough in the student's program of study that essentially all course work, excepting dissertation credit, is completed. The phrase "essentially all" is intended to mean that the student should have completed as much course work as possible to enable a reasonable examination of breadth in field and depth in specialization to be conducted. It is expected that departments will meet the "spirit" of this requirement in different ways, depending on the cultures of individual academic units. At least three weeks prior to the proposed date of the comprehensive examination, the Application for Comprehensive Examination must be filed with the Graduate College. No student
will be permitted a second attempt to pass the Oral Comprehensive Examination
except upon recommendation of the examining committee, endorsed by the
major department and approved by the Graduate Council. The second examination,
if approved, may not take place until four months from the date of the
first examination. The only visitors permitted at the comprehensive
examination are regular University faculty members. The Advancement
to Candidacy must be filed with the Graduate College no later than six
months before the student schedules the Oral
Defense Examination (formerly Final Oral Exam). Information on this
form will notify the Graduate College of the student's intended semester
of graduation , title of dissertation, and diploma mailing address.
An approved Advancement to Candidacy must be on file with the Graduate
College before scheduling the Oral Defense Examination. When
the required standards of scholarship have been met and research ability
has been demonstrated, the candidate shall submit to the Oral Defense
Examination in defense of the dissertation, as well as any general questioning
which may develop therefrom, related to the field of study. At least
three weeks prior to the proposed date of the examination,
the Announcement of Oral Defense Examination must be filed with the
Graduate College, and announced publicly at least one week in advance.
The examination shall be open to the public. The committee shall be
appointed by the Dean of the Graduate College in consultation with the
major and minor departments. All three committee members of the major
field must be present for the examination; the minor representatives
may waive their attendance if they so desire. The Graduate Council requires
that committee signatures on the Announcement indicate that the dissertation
is in near-final form, except for minor modifications. The committee
must specify a date for completion of any dissertation revisions, not
to exceed one year from the date of the examination. REGULAR
COURSES
SWES 501. Management of Arid Lands and Salt-Affected Soils (3) Principles and practices of soil, water and crop management under arid and semiarid conditions, the use of diagnostic procedures for evaluating soils and waters, reclamation, and economics of irrigation project development. Field trips. Silvertooth. SWES 504. Irrigation Principles and Management (3) (Identical with ABE 504) Principles of operating farm irrigation systems, evaluation of systems, selection of systems, basic irrigation scheduling, measurements of water flow, soil moisture, pump and system efficiencies. SWES 505. Environmental and Soil Analysis (3) Principles and methods of chemical analysis of soils, water and biological materials emphasizing properties of agricultural and environmental significance. P, CHEM 322, 323; PHYS 102b, 180b. Artiola. SWES 511. Soil Chemistry (3) Soil chemical interactions with water, air, plants and pollutants. P, SW 200, CHEM 103b, 104b. Hendricks. SWES 517. Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (3) (Identical with RNR 517) Computer techniques for capture, processing, analysis and display of geographic information, with emphasis on applications in land resources management and planning. P, basic knowledge of computer operations. SWES 520. Environmental Physics (3) Physical principals used in assessment, prevention or reduction of environmental problems. Main themes include energy sources; energy and mass transport; and pollution within soil, water and air. P, MATH 125b, PHYS 103. Matthias/Riley. SWES 525. Environmental Microbiology (3) (Identical with MBIM 525) Current concepts in water quality, aerobiology and microbial biogeochemistry. P, SW 325, CR, CHEM 241b. Maier. SWES 526. Environmental Microbiology Laboratory (2) (Identical with MBIM 526) Basic techniques for isolation and characterization of environmental soil and water microflora including methods for enumeration and measurement of physiological activity. P, SW 425. Pepper/Gerba. SWES 531. Soil Morphology, Classification and Interpretations (3) Theory and practice of describing characteristics of soils; principles of soil classification and the classification systems; making soil interpretations for selected land uses. Field trips. P, SW 200, 201. SWES 540. Biodegradation of Pollutants in Soil and Groundwater (3) (Identical with MBIM 540) Description of modern pollution problems and potential biological remediation techniques focusing on the chemistry, biochemistry and molecular biology of biodegradation of hazardous and toxic compounds. P, SW 425. Maier. SWES 541. Soil Genesis (3) (Identical with GEOS 541) Physical and chemical processes and mineralogy of weathering and soil formation; quantitative pedology; the soil as part of the ecosystem. Field trips. P, GEOS 251 and CHEM 103b. Hendricks. SWES 543. Radar Imaging of the Environment. (3) Active RADAR theory, imaging system parameters, and analysis techniques to exploit remotely sensed RADAR imagery for environmental monitoring. Emphasis will be on interpreting RADAR imagery, extracting quantitative information, and conducting operational research. Moran SWES 544. Applied Environmental Law. (3) A guided journey through real world environmental law; U.S. legal system, major environmental laws—criminal and civil; common marketplace problems and solutions; high profile cases; essential professional skills. SWES 546. Environmental Biotechnology. (2) (Identical with MBIM 546) Molecular methods for detection of microorganisms in the environment. Fate and survival of introduced organisms in the environment. Molecular mechanisms of microbial inactivation in waste treatment systems and microbial risk assessment. P, SW 525. Pepper/Gerba. SWES 547. Biometry and Quantitative Analysis. (1–3) Statistical methods for laboratory and field sciences. Students will work with their own data sets or material closely related to their own interests. P, consent of instructor. Frye. SWES 550. Anticipating the Future: Focus on Environment. (3) Techniques to understand broad issues about the future with focus on environmental topics. Use of computer conferencing and significant student discussion with opportunities for team approaches and reporting. Caldwell. SWES 553. Remote Sensing of the Environment. (3) Remote sensing techniques and applications for improved natural resource utilization of soils, water, grasslands, and forest. Fundamental energy-matter interactions that influence the spectral characteristics of vegetation, soil, and water. Field trips. P, SW 330 or PHYS 102b. Huete. SWES 561. Soil and Water Conservation. (3) Consideration of major world soil and water conservation problems and solutions; principles of soil erosion by wind and water and their effects on world food production and environmental problems related to land degradation by erosion.. Field trips. P, SW 200. Riley. SWES 564. Environmental Chemistry. (3) Physical and chemical processes influencing the behavior of contaminants in the subsurface environment. Includes equilibrium and kinetic theory of solubilization-dissolution, volatilization, sorption, hydrolysis, photolysis, surface catalysis, and radioactive decay. P, CHEM 480a, PHYS 110. Curry. SWES 565. Contaminant Transport in Porous Media. (3) The transport of contaminants in the subsurface environment. Effects of dispersion, interphase mass transfer, transformation reactions, and porous-media heterogeneity on transport; covers aqueous (dissolved) and multiphase (immiscible liquid, gas) systems. P, SW 570 or HWR 518 or 531. Brusseau. SWES 566. Soil and Groundwater Remediation. (3) Methods for remediating contaminated soil and groundwater; factors influencing efficacy of remediation systems. Brusseau. SWES 570. Soil Physics. (3) Soil structure and physical constitution of soils; the physical properties of soil-water systems, and transport of gases, energy and solutes in soil, and physical laws governing the movement and availability of soil water. P, SW 200, PHYS 102b, CR, MATH 125a. Warrick. SWES 573. Monitoring Biosphere Processes. (2) Global-scale interactions of soils with their plant cover and climate. The spatial distributions and dynamics of soil-plant-water processes with emphasis on measurements from space. P, SW 200; 330 or 453. Huete. SWES 574. Aquatic Plants and the Environment. (4) The role of riparian areas, estuaries, and constructed wetlands in the environment. Emphasis on plants as wildlife habitat, for nutrient cycling and bioremediation. Fitzsimmons / Glenn. SWES 590. Remote Sensing for the Study of the Planet Earth. (3) (Identical with REM 590) A multidisciplinary course delineating the physical basis of electromagnetic remote sensing, the concepts of information extraction, and applications, pertinent to earth systems science. SWES 597 Quantitative Data Analysis (3) Basic statistical concepts, experimental design, efficient collection, archiving and presentation of data. Frye SWES 602. Soil-Plant Relationships. (3) Principles of soil solution and colloid chemistry, soil-water relationships, soil microbiology, and plant physiology and metabolism will be discussed. These principles will be applied to processes of soil nutrient cycling, nutrient availability, and plant growth. P, SW 200. Thompson. SWES 605. Soil-Water Dynamics. (3) (Identical with HWR 605 and ABE 605) Water flow in soils; closely related problems of solute, pollutant, and heat transfer; emphasis on current concepts and research, and on mathematical descriptions. P, MATH 254. Warrick. SWES 665. Advanced Contaminant Transport. (3) The transport and fate of contaminants in subsurface systems. The course is based on critical, detailed analyses of case studies of actual contaminant transport problems. This provides a "real-world" basis, and allows an opportunity to develop skills necessary to evaluate real systems. P, SWES 565 or equivalent. Brusseau. SWES 694. Practicum. (3) Advanced Soil Chemistry. P, SW 411, CHEM 480a. SWES 696. Seminar. (1) Topics in Soil, Water and Environmental Science. Riley. INDIVIDUAL STUDIES SWES 599, 699, 799. Independent Study. (Credit varies) Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work. Grades available: S/P,C,D,E,I,W. (Graduate students doing independent work which cannot be classified as actual research will register for credit under course number 599, 699, or 799). SWES 900. Research. (Credit varies) Individual research, not related to thesis or dissertation preparation, by graduate students. Grades available: S/P,C,D,E,K,W. SWES 910. Thesis. (Credit varies) Research for the master's thesis (whether library research, laboratory or field observation or research, artistic creation, or thesis writing). Maximum total credit permitted varies with the major department. Grades available: S/P,E,K,W. SWES 920. Dissertation. (1 to 9) Research for the doctoral dissertation (whether library research, laboratory or field observation or research, artistic creation, or dissertation writing). Grades available: S/P,E,K,W. SWES 930. Supplementary Registration. (1 to 9) For students who have completed all course requirements for their advanced degree programs. May be used concurrently with other enrollments to bring to total number of units to the required minimum. Grade available: K. Last update-September 2001
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