October 28, 1997

Constructed Wetlands (continued)

III. Construction Requirements
       -Drawings reviewed by regulatory agencies
       -Should create construction schedule
       -Clear, stake, and grading (if needed)
       -Seepage control layer
       -Select and place soils for internal vegetation (could be top soil, replaced, or additional soil)
       -Water control and conveyance
          -plumbing, gates, burns, dikes
       -Cultivate soil for plants
          -presoak and plant

IV. Water Management
       -simulate natural processes
       -periodic drying
       -oxidize bottom
       -different flow rates

V. Vegetation
      Remember: root and stems are more important than emergent part of plant
      -all activity is in this area (epiphitic growth, bacteria, etc.)
      -treatment takes place here
      Selection: purchase, "rear" your own; collect and transplant
      Databases: to find indigenous plants, good place to find info: Florida A.P., Texas A.P., on web-internet (EPA has                        one)

VI. Operation and Management
       -start as soon as cell is planted
       -determine the seepage/evapotranspiration rates
       -check health of vegetation
       -adjust water level to control pests
       -aerate shallows

VII. Monitoring
        Flow Rate
        Water Quality
                -BOD, DO, TSS: regulatory aspects
         Fecal Coliforms: not required but can indicate the effective level of treatment
                PO4-phosphates
                NH3-ammonia
                NO3, NO2, TKN: nitrogen levels and different forms
         TDS: conductivity (salinity)
         pH
         Metals
         Groundwater Leakage
         West: from wetland into groundwater
          East: (higher H2O table) leakage into wetland

VIII. Regulations: (more stringent)
         For discharge of water into states- NPDES (National Pollutant Discharges Elimination System)
         For construction: historic wetland, flood plain, river or stream: Corp of Engineers 404 permit

         In Arizona, -For groundwater
                                 -Arizona DEQ Aquifer protection permit
                           -For water reuse
                                 -Arizona DEQ Reuse permit
                           -For collection of plants for transport
                                 -Pant Material Acquistion Permit (AZ game and fish or Dept. of Agri.)