-
Expanded
registrations of IGR and neonicotinoids:
-
Applaud/Courier
: cucurbits, cotton, lettuce
-
Actara/Platinum:
cotton, melons, leafy vegetables
-
Assail:
cotton, leafy vegetables
-
Multiple
applications allowed by labels.
-
Risk
of increased selection pressure on whiteflies
-
The
necessity to sustain the efficacies of these valuable chemistries
for whitefly control.
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- Arizona Cotton
Growers Association
- Arizona Cotton
Res & Prot Council
- Western Growers
Association
- Arizona Veg Growers
Association
- Yuma Veg Shippers
Association
- Cotton Incorporated
- Arizona Department
of Agriculture
- University of
Arizona
- PCA’s
|
Objective:
Harmonize and Sustain Effectiveness of Shared Chemistries While
Managing Whiteflies Across Commodities.
- Regional cropping
systems
- WF population
dynamics
|
more than one host-crop is
grown in significant acreage within the same community.
- Yuma Co.
- Maricopa Co. (e.g. Aguila)
- Pinal Co. (e.g., MAC)
|
Yuma
![A triad of graphs depicting insecticide usage, crops grown, and whitefly population abundance in Yuma across the year.](ccrecommend/Slide3.gif)
|
cotton is the dominant WF
host crop grown in a crop community.
- Maricopa Co. (e.g. Buckeye)
- Pinal Co. (e.g. Casa Grande)
- Pima Co. (e.g. Marana)
|
![A triad of graphs depicting insecticide usage, crops grown, and whitefly population abundance in Central Arizona across the year.](ccrecommend/Slide4.gif) |
![A topographical picture of the state of Arizona with pie charts in key agricultural areas depicting the percent of acreage planted in cotton, vegetables or melons.](ccrecommend/Slide5.gif)
![Key for the pie charts on the image above this one.](ccrecommend/Slidekey5.gif)
- Avoidance
- Sampling
- Effective
Chemical Use (1 IGR use / crop season)
![Graph of a pyramid of factors that make up whitefly IPM (main sections are Avoidance, Effective Chemical Use and Sampling).](ccrecommend/Slide6.gif)
|
-
Limit
use to 1 application per crop season.
-
Restrict
use to no more than 3 applications per year in a multi-crop
community.
-
Do
not expose multiple, sequential generations of whitefly to
Applaud/Courier (or any WF chemistry).
-
Coordinate
treatments of adjacent fields such that, when thresholds indicate
the need for Applaud applications:
-
they
are made within 1 week (within the same whitefly generation),
OR
-
the
interval between Applaud sprays is more than 4 weeks,
or at least 2 whitefly generations
|
![Graph of a Multi-crop community over a year. Times of year for spring and fall melons and cotton are overlaid with bars depicting occurance of generations of whitefly (f2-f11).](ccrecommend/Slide82.gif)
![Graph of the potential label max use of Applaud in the Yuma crop community over a year. Times of year for spring and fall melons and cotton are overlaid with bars depicting occurance of generations of whitefly (f2-f11). Potential Applaud use times are indicated as well.](ccrecommend/Slide92.gif)
![Graph of the recommended use of Applaud in the Yuma crop community over a year. Times of year for spring and fall melons and cotton are overlaid with bars depicting occurance of generations of whitefly (f2-f11). Recommended Applaud use times are indicated as well. (with the notation that if wf control is required in certain other times, use on an alternative insecticide - i.e., Knack in cotton - is recommended.](ccrecommend/Slide102.gif)
![Graph of the potential label max use of Applaud in the Central Arizona crop community over a year. Times of year for spring and fall melons and cotton are overlaid with bars depicting occurance of generations of whitefly (f1-f9).](ccrecommend/Slide112.gif)
![Graph of the recommended use of Applaud in the Central Arizona crop community over a year. Times of year for spring and fall melons and cotton are overlaid with bars depicting occurance of generations of whitefly (f1-f9). Recommended Applaud use times are indicated as well. (with the notation that if wf control is required in certain other times, use on an alternative insecticide - i.e., Knack in cotton - is recommended.](ccrecommend/Slide122.gif)
Cotton:
- Do not apply neonicotinoids.
(Centric/Actara, Provado/Leverage, Assail)
Melons /Vegetables :
-
A single neonicotinoid
use (soil or foliar) per crop
-
Do not apply a foliar
neonicotinoid spray followingthe use of a soil application
of Admire or Platinum.
-
Soil or foliar neonicotinoids
should not be applied during the following periods:
-
Consider foliar alternatives
for vegetables that are planted after WF movement subsides
and harvested before aphids typically become abundant.
(e.g., Oct 7th ~ Nov 7th in Yuma Valley)
|
![Graph of Neonicotinoid use in Yuma melons & vegetables overlaid on whitefly generations throughout the year. Neonicotinoid bands go from about January to mid May and from August to November for melons and from September through April for vegetables.](ccrecommend/Slide152.gif)
![Graph of Neonicotinoid use in Yuma melons, vegetables & cotton overlaid on whitefly generations throughout the year. Neonicotinoid bands go from about January to mid May and from August to November for melons, from September through April for vegetables, and early June through mid August for cotton. This is not sustainable use.](ccrecommend/Slide162.gif)
![Same graph as previous one, but instead of using neonicotinoids, IGRs and conventional chemistry are used in the cotton use period. This leaves four generations of whitefly free of neonicotinoid exposure.](ccrecommend/Slide172.gif)
Cotton–intensive community
- No more than 2 neonicotinoid uses
per cotton crop (soil, foliar or seed treatment)
- Sprays should only be used following
an initial IGR applications (Stage II of Whitefly IPM Program)
- Sprays should not to be applied consecutively,
but rotated with conventional chemistries (Stage II or III)
|
![Graph showing whitefly generations in a cotton-intensive community. Neonicotinoid use can span from July to late September.](ccrecommend/Slide192.gif)
![Same graph as above but the potential neonicotinoid use area has been broken down into three windows of use. One for IGRs, the second for neonicotinoids and the third for pyrethroids.](ccrecommend/Slide202.gif)
![Graph showing whitefly generations in a cotton-melon community. Neonicotinoid use can span from July to September in cotton and from April through mid-June and August through November in melons.](ccrecommend/Slide212.gif)
![Same graph as above but the potential neonicotinoid use area in cotton has been broken down into three windows of use. One for IGRs, the second for neonicotinoids and the third for pyrethroids. This leaves 3 and a half generations of whitefly free of neonicotinoid exposure.](ccrecommend/Slide222.gif)
2 uses per crop |
1 use / crop, narrowed
use window |
2-4 uses per crop |
No use on Cotton
in MCC
Limit use in Veg / Melon
No more than 2 nonconsecutive uses in cotton intensive communities,
and only after Stage I - IGR |
Full Disclaimers
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, acts
of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
James A. Christenson, Director Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture,
The University of Arizona.
The University of Arizona is an equal opportunity, affirmative
action institution. The University does not discriminate on the basis of race,
color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, veteran status, or sexual
orientation in its programs and activities.
Because labels are subject to frequent change, always consult
the label attached to the product before using any pesticide. The user must
assume responsibility for proper application and for residues on crops as well
as for damage or injury caused by pesticides, whether to crop, person or property.
Any products, services, or organizations that are
mentioned, shown, or indirectly implied in this web document do not imply
endorsement by The University of Arizona.
For more information
on the material in this document contact:
John C. Palumbo, jpalumbo@ag.arizona.edu
Research Scientist (Entomology)
Peter C. Ellsworth, peterell@ag.arizona.edu
Specialist, IPM/Entomology
College of Agriculture, The University of Arizona.
Material written March 2002.
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